Adding debian version 5.2.37-2.
Signed-off-by: Daniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org>
This commit is contained in:
parent
fa1b3d3922
commit
fc8a52c443
59 changed files with 8007 additions and 0 deletions
189
debian/README.commands
vendored
Normal file
189
debian/README.commands
vendored
Normal file
|
@ -0,0 +1,189 @@
|
|||
This is a jumping-off reference point for new users who may be
|
||||
completely unfamiliar with Linux commands. It does not contain all
|
||||
the information you need about using the Linux console, but instead
|
||||
just gives you enough information to get started finding the
|
||||
information you need.
|
||||
|
||||
Linux Commands
|
||||
|
||||
To run a command, type the command at the prompt, followed by any
|
||||
necessary options, and then press the Enter or Return key.
|
||||
|
||||
Most commands operate silently unless they are specifically asked to
|
||||
say what they are doing. If there is no error message, the command
|
||||
should have worked.
|
||||
|
||||
The operation of most commands can be changed by putting command
|
||||
options immediately after the command name. There are several styles
|
||||
of options used, and you have to check the documentation for each
|
||||
command to know what options it can take, and what they do.
|
||||
|
||||
Linux commands are case-sensitive, and almost always are all
|
||||
lower-case. ls is a valid command; LS is not.
|
||||
|
||||
In most cases you can use the tab key to ask the command shell to
|
||||
auto-complete the command, directory or filename you have started
|
||||
to type. If a unique completion exists, the shell will type it. If
|
||||
not, you can press tab a second time to obtain a list of the
|
||||
possible auto-completions.
|
||||
|
||||
Commands for Reading Documentation
|
||||
|
||||
In the following command examples, the [ ] characters are not
|
||||
typed, they mean that whatever is enclosed is optional. For
|
||||
example, you can also start `info' without any subject at all.
|
||||
|
||||
When a given keyboard shortcut is preceded by ctrl- or alt- , that
|
||||
means hold the control or alt key down, and type the given key
|
||||
while holding it down (the same way you use the shift key). A
|
||||
shorthand notation for ctrl- is ^ (^C means ctrl-C).
|
||||
|
||||
man subject
|
||||
man shows the manual page on the command (use q or ctrl-C to
|
||||
get out of it if it doesn't terminate at the end of the
|
||||
text).
|
||||
|
||||
info [subject]
|
||||
A lot of Debian Linux documentation is provided in info
|
||||
format. This is similar to a hypertext format, in that you
|
||||
can jump to other sections of the documentation by following
|
||||
links embedded in the text. An info tutorial is available
|
||||
within info, using ctrl-h followed by h.
|
||||
|
||||
help [subject]
|
||||
Use help for on-line help about the shell's built-in commands.
|
||||
help by itself prints a list of subjects for which you can
|
||||
ask for help.
|
||||
|
||||
pager filename
|
||||
pager displays a plain text file one screen at a time.
|
||||
Additional screens can be displayed by pressing the space
|
||||
bar, and previous screens can be displayed by pressing the b
|
||||
key. When finished viewing the help, press q to return to
|
||||
the prompt.
|
||||
|
||||
Using -h --help with | pager
|
||||
Most commands offer very brief built-in help by typing the
|
||||
command followed by
|
||||
|
||||
-h or --help
|
||||
|
||||
If the help scrolls up beyond the top of the screen before
|
||||
you can read it, add
|
||||
|
||||
| pager
|
||||
|
||||
to the end of the command.
|
||||
|
||||
zmore document.gz
|
||||
zmore is a document pager -- it displays the contents of
|
||||
compressed documentation on your disk, one screenful at a
|
||||
time. Compression is signified by filenames ending in .gz .
|
||||
|
||||
lynx [document] or lynx [directory] or lynx [url]
|
||||
lynx is a text-based web browser. It can display documents
|
||||
(plain-text, compressed, or html), directory listings, and
|
||||
urls such as www.google.com. It does not display images.
|
||||
|
||||
Commands for Navigating Directories
|
||||
|
||||
pwd
|
||||
Displays your current working directory. The p stands for
|
||||
print, which is a carryover from when unix was designed,
|
||||
before the advent of computer screens. Interactive computer
|
||||
responses were printed on paper by a connected electric
|
||||
typewriter instead of being displayed electronically.
|
||||
|
||||
cd [directory]
|
||||
Change your current directory to the named directory. If you
|
||||
don't specify directory, you will be returned to your home
|
||||
directory. The `root' directory is signified by / at the
|
||||
beginning of the directory path ( / also separates directory
|
||||
and file names within the path). Thus paths beginning with /
|
||||
are `absolute' paths; cd will take you to an absolute path
|
||||
no matter what your current directory is. Paths not
|
||||
beginning with / specify paths relative to your
|
||||
current directory. cd .. means change to the parent
|
||||
directory of your current working directory.
|
||||
|
||||
ls [directory]
|
||||
ls lists the contents of directory. If you don't specify a
|
||||
directory name, the current working directory's list is
|
||||
displayed.
|
||||
|
||||
find directory -name filename
|
||||
find tells you where filename is in the tree starting at
|
||||
directory. This command has many other useful options.
|
||||
|
||||
Documentation Indices
|
||||
|
||||
The standard doc-linux-text package installs compressed text linux
|
||||
HOWTOs in
|
||||
|
||||
/usr/share/doc/HOWTO/en-txt/
|
||||
|
||||
Particularly helpful HOWTOs for new users are
|
||||
|
||||
/usr/share/doc/HOWTO/en-txt/Unix-and-Internet-Fundamentals-HOWTO.gz
|
||||
/usr/share/doc/HOWTO/en-txt/mini/INDEX.gz
|
||||
/usr/share/doc/HOWTO/en-txt/Reading-List-HOWTO.gz
|
||||
/usr/share/doc/HOWTO/en-txt/META-FAQ.gz
|
||||
|
||||
Individual package documentation is installed in
|
||||
|
||||
/usr/share/doc/<package-name>
|
||||
|
||||
New user website references include
|
||||
|
||||
http://www.debian.org/doc/FAQ
|
||||
http://www.linuxdoc.org/LDP/gs/gs.html
|
||||
|
||||
Recording User Sessions
|
||||
|
||||
script filename
|
||||
Use script to record everything that appears on the screen
|
||||
(until the next exit) in filename. This is useful if you
|
||||
need to record what's going on in order to include it in
|
||||
your message when you ask for help. Use exit, logout or
|
||||
ctrl-D to stop the recording session.
|
||||
|
||||
Turning Echo On/Off
|
||||
|
||||
To turn off echoing of characters to the screen, you can use
|
||||
ctrl-S. ctrl-Q starts the echo again. If your terminal suddenly
|
||||
seems to become unresponsive, try ctrl-Q; you may have accidentally
|
||||
typed ctrl-S which activated echo-off.
|
||||
|
||||
Virtual Consoles
|
||||
|
||||
By default, six virtual consoles are provided. If you want to
|
||||
execute another command without interrupting the operation of a
|
||||
command you previously started, you can switch to another virtual
|
||||
console (similar to a separate window). This is very handy for
|
||||
displaying the documentation for a command in one console while
|
||||
actually trying the command in another. Switch consoles 1 through 6
|
||||
by using alt-F1 through alt-F6.
|
||||
|
||||
Logging Out
|
||||
|
||||
exit or logout
|
||||
|
||||
Use exit or logout to terminate your session and log
|
||||
out. You should be returned to the log-in prompt.
|
||||
|
||||
Turning Off the Computer
|
||||
|
||||
Turning the computer on and off is really a system administration
|
||||
subject, but I include it here because it is something that every
|
||||
user who is his own administrator needs to know.
|
||||
|
||||
halt or shutdown -t 0 -h now
|
||||
This command shuts the computer down safely. You can also
|
||||
use ctrl-alt-del if your system is set up for that. (If you
|
||||
are in X, ctrl-alt-del will be intercepted by X. Get out of
|
||||
X first by using ctrl-alt-backspace.)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
To display this file one screen at a time, type
|
||||
|
||||
pager /usr/share/doc/doc-linux-text/README.commands
|
Loading…
Add table
Add a link
Reference in a new issue