98 lines
3.4 KiB
Groff
98 lines
3.4 KiB
Groff
.\" DO NOT MODIFY THIS FILE! It was generated by help2man 1.50.1.
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.TH TAIL "1" "April 2025" "GNU coreutils 9.7" "User Commands"
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.SH NAME
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tail \- output the last part of files
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.SH SYNOPSIS
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.B tail
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[\fI\,OPTION\/\fR]... [\fI\,FILE\/\fR]...
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.SH DESCRIPTION
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.\" Add any additional description here
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.PP
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Print the last 10 lines of each FILE to standard output.
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With more than one FILE, precede each with a header giving the file name.
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.PP
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With no FILE, or when FILE is \-, read standard input.
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.PP
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Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.
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.TP
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\fB\-c\fR, \fB\-\-bytes\fR=\fI\,[\/\fR+]NUM
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output the last NUM bytes; or use \fB\-c\fR +NUM to
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output starting with byte NUM of each file
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.TP
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\fB\-f\fR, \fB\-\-follow[=\fR{name|descriptor}]
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output appended data as the file grows;
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an absent option argument means 'descriptor'
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.TP
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\fB\-F\fR
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same as \fB\-\-follow\fR=\fI\,name\/\fR \fB\-\-retry\fR
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.TP
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\fB\-n\fR, \fB\-\-lines\fR=\fI\,[\/\fR+]NUM
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output the last NUM lines, instead of the last 10;
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or use \fB\-n\fR +NUM to skip NUM\-1 lines at the start
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.TP
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\fB\-\-max\-unchanged\-stats\fR=\fI\,N\/\fR
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with \fB\-\-follow\fR=\fI\,name\/\fR, reopen a FILE which has not
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changed size after N (default 5) iterations
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to see if it has been unlinked or renamed
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(this is the usual case of rotated log files);
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with inotify, this option is rarely useful
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.TP
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\fB\-\-pid\fR=\fI\,PID\/\fR
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with \fB\-f\fR, terminate after process ID, PID dies;
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can be repeated to watch multiple processes
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.TP
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\fB\-q\fR, \fB\-\-quiet\fR, \fB\-\-silent\fR
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never output headers giving file names
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.TP
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\fB\-\-retry\fR
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keep trying to open a file if it is inaccessible
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.TP
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\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-sleep\-interval\fR=\fI\,N\/\fR
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with \fB\-f\fR, sleep for approximately N seconds
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(default 1.0) between iterations;
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with inotify and \fB\-\-pid\fR=\fI\,P\/\fR, check process P at
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least once every N seconds
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.TP
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\fB\-v\fR, \fB\-\-verbose\fR
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always output headers giving file names
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.TP
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\fB\-z\fR, \fB\-\-zero\-terminated\fR
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line delimiter is NUL, not newline
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.TP
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\fB\-\-help\fR
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display this help and exit
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.TP
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\fB\-\-version\fR
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output version information and exit
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.PP
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NUM may have a multiplier suffix:
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b 512, kB 1000, K 1024, MB 1000*1000, M 1024*1024,
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GB 1000*1000*1000, G 1024*1024*1024, and so on for T, P, E, Z, Y, R, Q.
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Binary prefixes can be used, too: KiB=K, MiB=M, and so on.
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.PP
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With \fB\-\-follow\fR (\fB\-f\fR), tail defaults to following the file descriptor, which
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means that even if a tail'ed file is renamed, tail will continue to track
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its end. This default behavior is not desirable when you really want to
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track the actual name of the file, not the file descriptor (e.g., log
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rotation). Use \fB\-\-follow\fR=\fI\,name\/\fR in that case. That causes tail to track the
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named file in a way that accommodates renaming, removal and creation.
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.SH AUTHOR
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Written by Paul Rubin, David MacKenzie, Ian Lance Taylor,
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and Jim Meyering.
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.SH "REPORTING BUGS"
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GNU coreutils online help: <https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/>
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.br
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Report any translation bugs to <https://translationproject.org/team/>
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.SH COPYRIGHT
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Copyright \(co 2025 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
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License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later <https://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>.
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.br
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This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.
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There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.
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.SH "SEE ALSO"
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\fBhead\fP(1)
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.PP
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.br
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Full documentation <https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/tail>
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.br
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or available locally via: info \(aq(coreutils) tail invocation\(aq
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