227 lines
12 KiB
HTML
227 lines
12 KiB
HTML
<!doctype html public "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"
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"https://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
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<html> <head>
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<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
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<link rel='stylesheet' type='text/css' href='postfix-doc.css'>
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<title> Postfix manual - master(8) </title>
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</head> <body> <pre>
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MASTER(8) MASTER(8)
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<b><a name="name">NAME</a></b>
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master - Postfix master process
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<b><a name="synopsis">SYNOPSIS</a></b>
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<b>master</b> [<b>-Dditvw</b>] [<b>-c</b> <i>config</i><b>_</b><i>dir</i>] [<b>-e</b> <i>exit</i><b>_</b><i>time</i>]
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<b><a name="description">DESCRIPTION</a></b>
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The <a href="master.8.html"><b>master</b>(8)</a> daemon is the resident process that runs Postfix daemons
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on demand: daemons to send or receive messages via the network, daemons
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to deliver mail locally, etc. These daemons are created on demand up
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to a configurable maximum number per service.
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Postfix daemons terminate voluntarily, either after being idle for a
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configurable amount of time, or after having serviced a configurable
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number of requests. Exceptions to this rule are the resident queue man-
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ager, address verification server, and the TLS session cache and
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pseudo-random number server.
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The behavior of the <a href="master.8.html"><b>master</b>(8)</a> daemon is controlled by the <a href="master.5.html"><b>master.cf</b></a>
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configuration file, as described in <a href="master.5.html"><b>master</b>(5)</a>.
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Options:
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<b>-c</b> <i>config</i><b>_</b><i>dir</i>
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Read the <a href="postconf.5.html"><b>main.cf</b></a> and <a href="master.5.html"><b>master.cf</b></a> configuration files in the named
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directory instead of the default configuration directory. This
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also overrides the configuration files for other Postfix daemon
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processes.
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<b>-D</b> After initialization, run a debugger on the master process. The
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debugging command is specified with the <b><a href="postconf.5.html#debugger_command">debugger_command</a></b> in the
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<a href="postconf.5.html"><b>main.cf</b></a> global configuration file.
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<b>-d</b> Do not redirect stdin, stdout or stderr to /dev/null, and do not
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discard the controlling terminal. This must be used for debug-
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ging only.
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<b>-e</b> <i>exit</i><b>_</b><i>time</i>
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Terminate the master process after <i>exit</i><b>_</b><i>time</i> seconds. Child pro-
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cesses terminate at their convenience.
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<b>-i</b> Enable <b>init</b> mode: do not become a session or process group
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leader; and similar to <b>-s</b>, do not redirect stdout to /dev/null,
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so that "<a href="postconf.5.html#maillog_file">maillog_file</a> = /dev/stdout" works. This mode is
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allowed only if the process ID equals 1.
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This feature is available in Postfix 3.3 and later.
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<b>-s</b> Do not redirect stdout to /dev/null, so that "<a href="postconf.5.html#maillog_file">maillog_file</a> =
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/dev/stdout" works.
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This feature is available in Postfix 3.4 and later.
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<b>-t</b> Test mode. Return a zero exit status when the <b>master.pid</b> lock
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file does not exist or when that file is not locked. This is
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evidence that the <a href="master.8.html"><b>master</b>(8)</a> daemon is not running.
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<b>-v</b> Enable verbose logging for debugging purposes. This option is
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passed on to child processes. Multiple <b>-v</b> options make the soft-
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ware increasingly verbose.
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<b>-w</b> Wait in a dummy foreground process, while the real master daemon
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initializes in a background process. The dummy foreground
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process returns a zero exit status only if the master daemon
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initialization is successful, and if it completes in a reason-
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able amount of time.
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This feature is available in Postfix 2.10 and later.
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Signals:
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<b>SIGHUP</b> Upon receipt of a <b>HUP</b> signal (e.g., after "<b>postfix reload</b>"), the
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master process re-reads its configuration files. If a service
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has been removed from the <a href="master.5.html"><b>master.cf</b></a> file, its running processes
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are terminated immediately. Otherwise, running processes are
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allowed to terminate as soon as is convenient, so that changes
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in configuration settings affect only new service requests.
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<b>SIGTERM</b>
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Upon receipt of a <b>TERM</b> signal (e.g., after "<b>postfix abort</b>"), the
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master process passes the signal on to its child processes and
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terminates. This is useful for an emergency shutdown. Normally
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one would terminate only the master ("<b>postfix stop</b>") and allow
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running processes to finish what they are doing.
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<b><a name="diagnostics">DIAGNOSTICS</a></b>
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Problems are reported to <b>syslogd</b>(8) or <a href="postlogd.8.html"><b>postlogd</b>(8)</a>. The exit status is
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non-zero in case of problems, including problems while initializing as
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a master daemon process in the background.
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<b><a name="environment">ENVIRONMENT</a></b>
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<b>MAIL_DEBUG</b>
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After initialization, start a debugger as specified with the
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<b><a href="postconf.5.html#debugger_command">debugger_command</a></b> configuration parameter in the <a href="postconf.5.html"><b>main.cf</b></a> configu-
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ration file.
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<b>MAIL_CONFIG</b>
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Directory with Postfix configuration files.
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<b><a name="configuration_parameters">CONFIGURATION PARAMETERS</a></b>
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Unlike most Postfix daemon processes, the <a href="master.8.html"><b>master</b>(8)</a> server does not
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automatically pick up changes to <a href="postconf.5.html"><b>main.cf</b></a>. Changes to <a href="master.5.html"><b>master.cf</b></a> are
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never picked up automatically. Use the "<b>postfix reload</b>" command after
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a configuration change.
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<b><a name="resource_and_rate_controls">RESOURCE AND RATE CONTROLS</a></b>
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<b><a href="postconf.5.html#default_process_limit">default_process_limit</a> (100)</b>
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The default maximal number of Postfix child processes that pro-
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vide a given service.
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<b><a href="postconf.5.html#max_idle">max_idle</a> (100s)</b>
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The maximum amount of time that an idle Postfix daemon process
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waits for an incoming connection before terminating voluntarily.
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<b><a href="postconf.5.html#max_use">max_use</a> (100)</b>
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The maximal number of incoming connections that a Postfix daemon
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process will service before terminating voluntarily.
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<b><a href="postconf.5.html#service_throttle_time">service_throttle_time</a> (60s)</b>
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How long the Postfix <a href="master.8.html"><b>master</b>(8)</a> waits before forking a server
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that appears to be malfunctioning.
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Available in Postfix version 2.6 and later:
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<b><a href="postconf.5.html#master_service_disable">master_service_disable</a> (empty)</b>
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Selectively disable <a href="master.8.html"><b>master</b>(8)</a> listener ports by service type or
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by service name and type.
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<b><a name="miscellaneous_controls">MISCELLANEOUS CONTROLS</a></b>
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<b><a href="postconf.5.html#config_directory">config_directory</a> (see 'postconf -d' output)</b>
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The default location of the Postfix <a href="postconf.5.html">main.cf</a> and <a href="master.5.html">master.cf</a> con-
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figuration files.
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<b><a href="postconf.5.html#daemon_directory">daemon_directory</a> (see 'postconf -d' output)</b>
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The directory with Postfix support programs and daemon programs.
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<b><a href="postconf.5.html#debugger_command">debugger_command</a> (empty)</b>
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The external command to execute when a Postfix daemon program is
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invoked with the -D option.
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<b><a href="postconf.5.html#inet_interfaces">inet_interfaces</a> (all)</b>
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The local network interface addresses that this mail system
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receives mail on.
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<b><a href="postconf.5.html#inet_protocols">inet_protocols</a> (see 'postconf -d' output)</b>
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The Internet protocols Postfix will attempt to use when making
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or accepting connections.
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<b><a href="postconf.5.html#import_environment">import_environment</a> (see 'postconf -d' output)</b>
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The list of environment variables that a privileged Postfix
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process will import from a non-Postfix parent process, or
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name=value environment overrides.
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<b><a href="postconf.5.html#mail_owner">mail_owner</a> (postfix)</b>
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The UNIX system account that owns the Postfix queue and most
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Postfix daemon processes.
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<b><a href="postconf.5.html#process_id">process_id</a> (read-only)</b>
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The process ID of a Postfix command or daemon process.
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<b><a href="postconf.5.html#process_name">process_name</a> (read-only)</b>
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The process name of a Postfix command or daemon process.
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<b><a href="postconf.5.html#queue_directory">queue_directory</a> (see 'postconf -d' output)</b>
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The location of the Postfix top-level queue directory.
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<b><a href="postconf.5.html#syslog_facility">syslog_facility</a> (mail)</b>
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The syslog facility of Postfix logging.
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<b><a href="postconf.5.html#syslog_name">syslog_name</a> (see 'postconf -d' output)</b>
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A prefix that is prepended to the process name in syslog
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records, so that, for example, "smtpd" becomes "prefix/smtpd".
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Available in Postfix 3.3 and later:
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<b><a href="postconf.5.html#service_name">service_name</a> (read-only)</b>
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The <a href="master.5.html">master.cf</a> service name of a Postfix daemon process.
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Available in Postfix 3.6 and later:
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<b><a href="postconf.5.html#known_tcp_ports">known_tcp_ports</a> (lmtp=24, smtp=25, smtps=submissions=465, submis-</b>
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<b>sion=587)</b>
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Optional setting that avoids lookups in the <b>services</b>(5) data-
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base.
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<b><a name="files">FILES</a></b>
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To expand the directory names below into their actual values, use the
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command "<b>postconf <a href="postconf.5.html#config_directory">config_directory</a></b>" etc.
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$<a href="postconf.5.html#config_directory">config_directory</a>/<a href="postconf.5.html">main.cf</a>, global configuration file.
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$<a href="postconf.5.html#config_directory">config_directory</a>/<a href="master.5.html">master.cf</a>, master server configuration file.
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$<a href="postconf.5.html#queue_directory">queue_directory</a>/pid/master.pid, master lock file.
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$<a href="postconf.5.html#data_directory">data_directory</a>/master.lock, master lock file.
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<b><a name="see_also">SEE ALSO</a></b>
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<a href="qmgr.8.html">qmgr(8)</a>, queue manager
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<a href="verify.8.html">verify(8)</a>, address verification
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<a href="master.5.html">master(5)</a>, <a href="master.5.html">master.cf</a> configuration file syntax
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<a href="postconf.5.html">postconf(5)</a>, <a href="postconf.5.html">main.cf</a> configuration file syntax
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<a href="postlogd.8.html">postlogd(8)</a>, Postfix logging
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syslogd(8), system logging
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<b><a name="license">LICENSE</a></b>
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The Secure Mailer license must be distributed with this software.
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<b>AUTHOR(S)</b>
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Wietse Venema
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IBM T.J. Watson Research
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P.O. Box 704
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Yorktown Heights, NY 10598, USA
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Wietse Venema
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Google, Inc.
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111 8th Avenue
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New York, NY 10011, USA
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MASTER(8)
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</pre> </body> </html>
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