515 lines
27 KiB
HTML
515 lines
27 KiB
HTML
<!doctype html public "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"
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"https://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
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<html> <head>
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<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
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<link rel='stylesheet' type='text/css' href='postfix-doc.css'>
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<title> Postfix manual - pipe(8) </title>
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</head> <body> <pre>
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PIPE(8) PIPE(8)
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<b><a name="name">NAME</a></b>
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pipe - Postfix delivery to external command
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<b><a name="synopsis">SYNOPSIS</a></b>
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<b>pipe</b> [generic Postfix daemon options] command_attributes...
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<b><a name="description">DESCRIPTION</a></b>
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The <a href="pipe.8.html"><b>pipe</b>(8)</a> daemon processes requests from the Postfix queue manager to
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deliver messages to external commands. This program expects to be run
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from the <a href="master.8.html"><b>master</b>(8)</a> process manager.
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Message attributes such as sender address, recipient address and
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next-hop host name can be specified as command-line macros that are
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expanded before the external command is executed.
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The <a href="pipe.8.html"><b>pipe</b>(8)</a> daemon updates queue files and marks recipients as fin-
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ished, or it informs the queue manager that delivery should be tried
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again at a later time. Delivery status reports are sent to the
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<a href="bounce.8.html"><b>bounce</b>(8)</a>, <a href="defer.8.html"><b>defer</b>(8)</a> or <a href="trace.8.html"><b>trace</b>(8)</a> daemon as appropriate.
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<b><a name="single-recipient_delivery">SINGLE-RECIPIENT DELIVERY</a></b>
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Some destinations cannot handle more than one recipient per delivery
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request. Examples are pagers or fax machines. In addition,
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multi-recipient delivery is undesirable when prepending a <b>Delivered-to:</b>
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or <b>X-Original-To:</b> message header.
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To prevent Postfix from sending multiple recipients per delivery
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request, specify
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<b><a href="postconf.5.html#transport_destination_recipient_limit"><i>transport</i>_destination_recipient_limit</a> = 1</b>
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in the Postfix <a href="postconf.5.html"><b>main.cf</b></a> file, where <i>transport</i> is the name in the first
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column of the Postfix <a href="master.5.html"><b>master.cf</b></a> entry for the pipe-based delivery
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transport.
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<b><a name="command_attribute_syntax">COMMAND ATTRIBUTE SYNTAX</a></b>
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The external command attributes are given in the <a href="master.5.html"><b>master.cf</b></a> file at the
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end of a service definition. The syntax is as follows:
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<b>chroot=</b><i>pathname</i> (optional)
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Change the process root directory and working directory to the
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named directory. This happens before switching to the privileges
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specified with the <b>user</b> attribute, and before executing the
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optional <b>directory=</b><i>pathname</i> directive. Delivery is deferred in
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case of failure.
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This feature is available as of Postfix 2.3.
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<b>directory=</b><i>pathname</i> (optional)
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Change to the named directory before executing the external com-
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mand. The directory must be accessible for the user specified
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with the <b>user</b> attribute (see below). The default working direc-
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tory is <b>$<a href="postconf.5.html#queue_directory">queue_directory</a></b>. Delivery is deferred in case of fail-
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ure.
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This feature is available as of Postfix 2.2.
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<b>eol=</b><i>string</i> (optional, default: <b>\n</b>)
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The output record delimiter. Typically one would use either <b>\r\n</b>
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or <b>\n</b>. The usual C-style backslash escape sequences are recog-
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nized: <b>\a \b \f \n \r \t \v \</b><i>ddd</i> (up to three octal digits) and
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<b>\\</b>.
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<b>flags=BDFORXhqu.</b>> (optional)
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Optional message processing flags. By default, a message is
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copied unchanged.
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<b>B</b> Append a blank line at the end of each message. This is
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required by some mail user agents that recognize "<b>From</b> "
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lines only when preceded by a blank line.
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<b>D</b> Prepend a "<b>Delivered-To:</b> <i>recipient</i>" message header with
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the envelope recipient address. Note: for this to work,
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the <b><a href="postconf.5.html#transport_destination_recipient_limit"><i>transport</i>_destination_recipient_limit</a></b> must be 1 (see
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SINGLE-RECIPIENT DELIVERY above for details).
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The <b>D</b> flag also enforces loop detection (Postfix 2.5 and
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later): if a message already contains a <b>Delivered-To:</b>
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header with the same recipient address, then the message
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is returned as undeliverable. The address comparison is
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case insensitive.
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This feature is available as of Postfix 2.0.
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<b>F</b> Prepend a "<b>From</b> <i>sender time</i><b>_</b><i>stamp</i>" envelope header to the
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message content. This is expected by, for example, <b>UUCP</b>
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software.
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<b>O</b> Prepend an "<b>X-Original-To:</b> <i>recipient</i>" message header with
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the recipient address as given to Postfix. Note: for this
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to work, the <b><a href="postconf.5.html#transport_destination_recipient_limit"><i>transport</i>_destination_recipient_limit</a></b> must
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be 1 (see SINGLE-RECIPIENT DELIVERY above for details).
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This feature is available as of Postfix 2.0.
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<b>R</b> Prepend a <b>Return-Path:</b> message header with the envelope
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sender address.
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<b>X</b> Indicate that the external command performs final deliv-
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ery. This flag affects the status reported in "success"
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DSN (delivery status notification) messages, and changes
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it from "relayed" into "delivered".
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This feature is available as of Postfix 2.5.
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<b>h</b> Fold the command-line <b>$original_recipient</b> and <b>$recipient</b>
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address domain part (text to the right of the right-most
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<b>@</b> character) to lower case; fold the entire command-line
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<b>$domain</b> and <b>$nexthop</b> host or domain information to lower
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case. This is recommended for delivery via <b>UUCP</b>.
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<b>q</b> Quote white space and other special characters in the
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command-line <b>$sender</b>, <b>$original_recipient</b> and <b>$recipient</b>
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address localparts (text to the left of the right-most <b>@</b>
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character), according to an 8-bit transparent version of
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<a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc822">RFC 822</a>. This is recommended for delivery via <b>UUCP</b> or
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<b>BSMTP</b>.
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The result is compatible with the address parsing of com-
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mand-line recipients by the Postfix <a href="sendmail.1.html"><b>sendmail</b>(1)</a> mail sub-
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mission command.
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The <b>q</b> flag affects only entire addresses, not the partial
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address information from the <b>$user</b>, <b>$extension</b> or <b>$mail-</b>
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<b>box</b> command-line macros.
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<b>u</b> Fold the command-line <b>$original_recipient</b> and <b>$recipient</b>
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address localpart (text to the left of the right-most <b>@</b>
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character) to lower case. This is recommended for deliv-
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ery via <b>UUCP</b>.
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<b>.</b> Prepend "<b>.</b>" to lines starting with "<b>.</b>". This is needed
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by, for example, <b>BSMTP</b> software.
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> Prepend ">" to lines starting with "<b>From</b> ". This is
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expected by, for example, <b>UUCP</b> software.
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<b>null_sender</b>=<i>replacement</i> (default: MAILER-DAEMON)
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Replace the null sender address (typically used for delivery
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status notifications) with the specified text when expanding the
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<b>$sender</b> command-line macro, and when generating a From_ or
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Return-Path: message header.
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If the null sender replacement text is a non-empty string then
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it is affected by the <b>q</b> flag for address quoting in command-line
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arguments.
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The null sender replacement text may be empty; this form is rec-
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ommended for content filters that feed mail back into Postfix.
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The empty sender address is not affected by the <b>q</b> flag for
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address quoting in command-line arguments.
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Caution: a null sender address is easily mis-parsed by naive
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software. For example, when the <a href="pipe.8.html"><b>pipe</b>(8)</a> daemon executes a com-
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mand such as:
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<i>Wrong</i>: command -f$sender -- $recipient
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the command will mis-parse the -f option value when the sender
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address is a null string. For correct parsing, specify <b>$sender</b>
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as an argument by itself:
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<i>Right</i>: command -f $sender -- $recipient
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NOTE: DO NOT put quotes around the command, $sender, or $recipi-
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ent.
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This feature is available as of Postfix 2.3.
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<b>size</b>=<i>size</i><b>_</b><i>limit</i> (optional)
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Don't deliver messages that exceed this size limit (in bytes);
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return them to the sender instead.
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<b>user</b>=<i>username</i> (required)
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<b>user</b>=<i>username</i>:<i>groupname</i>
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Execute the external command with the user ID and group ID of
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the specified <i>username</i>. The software refuses to execute com-
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mands with root privileges, or with the privileges of the mail
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system owner. If <i>groupname</i> is specified, the corresponding group
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ID is used instead of the group ID of <i>username</i>.
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<b>argv</b>=<i>command</i>... (required)
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The command to be executed. This must be specified as the last
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command attribute. The command is executed directly, i.e. with-
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out interpretation of shell meta characters by a shell command
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interpreter.
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Specify "{" and "}" around command arguments that contain white-
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space, arguments that begin with "{", or arguments that must be
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an empty string (Postfix 3.0 and later). The outer "{" and "}"
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will be removed, together with any leading or trailing white-
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space in the remaining text.
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In the command argument vector, the following macros are recog-
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nized and replaced with corresponding information from the Post-
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fix queue manager delivery request.
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In addition to the form ${<i>name</i>}, the forms $<i>name</i> and the depre-
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cated form $(<i>name</i>) are also recognized. Specify <b>$$</b> where a sin-
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gle <b>$</b> is wanted.
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<b>${client_address}</b>
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This macro expands to the remote client network address.
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This feature is available as of Postfix 2.2.
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<b>${client_helo}</b>
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This macro expands to the remote client HELO command
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parameter.
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This feature is available as of Postfix 2.2.
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<b>${client_hostname}</b>
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This macro expands to the remote client hostname.
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This feature is available as of Postfix 2.2.
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<b>${client_port}</b>
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This macro expands to the remote client TCP port number.
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This feature is available as of Postfix 2.5.
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<b>${client_protocol}</b>
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This macro expands to the remote client protocol.
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This feature is available as of Postfix 2.2.
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<b>${domain}</b>
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This macro expands to the domain portion of the recipient
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address. For example, with an address <i>user+foo@domain</i>
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the domain is <i>domain</i>.
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This information is modified by the <b>h</b> flag for case fold-
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ing.
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This feature is available as of Postfix 2.5.
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<b>${envid}</b>
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This macro expands to the <a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3461">RFC 3461</a> envelope ID if avail-
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able, otherwise the empty string.
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This feature is available as of Postfix 3.9.
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<b>${extension}</b>
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This macro expands to the extension part of a recipient
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address. For example, with an address <i>user+foo@domain</i>
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the extension is <i>foo</i>.
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A command-line argument that contains <b>${extension}</b>
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expands into as many command-line arguments as there are
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recipients.
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This information is modified by the <b>u</b> flag for case fold-
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ing.
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<b>${mailbox}</b>
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This macro expands to the complete local part of a recip-
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ient address. For example, with an address
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<i>user+foo@domain</i> the mailbox is <i>user+foo</i>.
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A command-line argument that contains <b>${mailbox}</b> expands
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to as many command-line arguments as there are recipi-
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ents.
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This information is modified by the <b>u</b> flag for case fold-
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ing.
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<b>${nexthop}</b>
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This macro expands to the next-hop hostname.
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This information is modified by the <b>h</b> flag for case fold-
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ing.
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<b>${original_recipient}</b>
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This macro expands to the complete recipient address
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before any address rewriting or aliasing.
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A command-line argument that contains <b>${original_recipi-</b>
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<b>ent}</b> expands to as many command-line arguments as there
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are recipients.
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This information is modified by the <b>hqu</b> flags for quoting
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and case folding.
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This feature is available as of Postfix 2.5.
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<b>${queue_id}</b>
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This macro expands to the queue id.
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This feature is available as of Postfix 2.11.
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<b>${recipient}</b>
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This macro expands to the complete recipient address.
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A command-line argument that contains <b>${recipient}</b>
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expands to as many command-line arguments as there are
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recipients.
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This information is modified by the <b>hqu</b> flags for quoting
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and case folding.
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<b>${sasl_method}</b>
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This macro expands to the name of the SASL authentication
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mechanism in the AUTH command when the Postfix SMTP
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server received the message.
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This feature is available as of Postfix 2.2.
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<b>${sasl_sender}</b>
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This macro expands to the SASL sender name (i.e. the
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original submitter as per <a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4954">RFC 4954</a>) in the MAIL FROM com-
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mand when the Postfix SMTP server received the message.
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This feature is available as of Postfix 2.2.
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<b>${sasl_username}</b>
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This macro expands to the SASL user name in the AUTH com-
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mand when the Postfix SMTP server received the message.
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This feature is available as of Postfix 2.2.
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<b>${sender}</b>
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This macro expands to the envelope sender address. By
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default, the null sender address expands to MAILER-DAE-
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MON; this can be changed with the <b>null_sender</b> attribute,
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as described above.
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This information is modified by the <b>q</b> flag for quoting.
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<b>${size}</b>
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This macro expands to Postfix's idea of the message size,
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which is an approximation of the size of the message as
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delivered.
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<b>${user}</b>
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This macro expands to the username part of a recipient
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address. For example, with an address <i>user+foo@domain</i>
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the username part is <i>user</i>.
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A command-line argument that contains <b>${user}</b> expands
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into as many command-line arguments as there are recipi-
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ents.
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This information is modified by the <b>u</b> flag for case fold-
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ing.
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<b><a name="standards">STANDARDS</a></b>
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<a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3463">RFC 3463</a> (Enhanced status codes)
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<b><a name="diagnostics">DIAGNOSTICS</a></b>
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Command exit status codes are expected to follow the conventions
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defined in <<b>sysexits.h</b>>. Exit status 0 means normal successful comple-
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tion.
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In the case of a non-zero exit status, a limited amount of command out-
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put is logged, and reported in a delivery status notification. When
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the output begins with a 4.X.X or 5.X.X enhanced status code, the sta-
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tus code takes precedence over the non-zero exit status (Postfix ver-
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sion 2.3 and later).
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After successful delivery (zero exit status) a limited amount of com-
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mand output is logged, and reported in "success" delivery status noti-
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fications (Postfix 3.0 and later). This command output is not examined
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for the presence of an enhanced status code.
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Problems and transactions are logged to <b>syslogd</b>(8) or <a href="postlogd.8.html"><b>postlogd</b>(8)</a>.
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Corrupted message files are marked so that the queue manager can move
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them to the <b>corrupt</b> queue for further inspection.
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<b><a name="security">SECURITY</a></b>
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This program needs a dual personality 1) to access the private Postfix
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queue and IPC mechanisms, and 2) to execute external commands as the
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specified user. It is therefore security sensitive.
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<b><a name="configuration_parameters">CONFIGURATION PARAMETERS</a></b>
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Changes to <a href="postconf.5.html"><b>main.cf</b></a> are picked up automatically as <a href="pipe.8.html"><b>pipe</b>(8)</a> processes run
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for only a limited amount of time. Use the command "<b>postfix reload</b>" to
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speed up a change.
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The text below provides only a parameter summary. See <a href="postconf.5.html"><b>postconf</b>(5)</a> for
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more details including examples.
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<b><a name="resource_and_rate_controls">RESOURCE AND RATE CONTROLS</a></b>
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In the text below, <i>transport</i> is the first field in a <a href="master.5.html"><b>master.cf</b></a> entry.
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<b><a href="postconf.5.html#transport_time_limit">transport_time_limit</a> ($<a href="postconf.5.html#command_time_limit">command_time_limit</a>)</b>
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A transport-specific override for the <a href="postconf.5.html#command_time_limit">command_time_limit</a> parame-
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ter value, where <i>transport</i> is the <a href="master.5.html">master.cf</a> name of the message
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delivery transport.
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Implemented in the <a href="qmgr.8.html">qmgr(8)</a> daemon:
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<b><a href="postconf.5.html#transport_destination_concurrency_limit">transport_destination_concurrency_limit</a> ($<a href="postconf.5.html#default_destination_concurrency_limit">default_destination_concur</a>-</b>
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<b><a href="postconf.5.html#default_destination_concurrency_limit">rency_limit</a>)</b>
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A transport-specific override for the <a href="postconf.5.html#default_destination_concurrency_limit">default_destination_con</a>-
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<a href="postconf.5.html#default_destination_concurrency_limit">currency_limit</a> parameter value, where <i>transport</i> is the <a href="master.5.html">master.cf</a>
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name of the message delivery transport.
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<b><a href="postconf.5.html#transport_destination_recipient_limit">transport_destination_recipient_limit</a> ($<a href="postconf.5.html#default_destination_recipient_limit">default_destination_recipi</a>-</b>
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<b><a href="postconf.5.html#default_destination_recipient_limit">ent_limit</a>)</b>
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A transport-specific override for the <a href="postconf.5.html#default_destination_recipient_limit">default_destination_recip</a>-
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<a href="postconf.5.html#default_destination_recipient_limit">ient_limit</a> parameter value, where <i>transport</i> is the <a href="master.5.html">master.cf</a>
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name of the message delivery transport.
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<b><a name="miscellaneous_controls">MISCELLANEOUS CONTROLS</a></b>
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<b><a href="postconf.5.html#config_directory">config_directory</a> (see 'postconf -d' output)</b>
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The default location of the Postfix <a href="postconf.5.html">main.cf</a> and <a href="master.5.html">master.cf</a> con-
|
|
figuration files.
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<b><a href="postconf.5.html#daemon_timeout">daemon_timeout</a> (18000s)</b>
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|
How much time a Postfix daemon process may take to handle a
|
|
request before it is terminated by a built-in watchdog timer.
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<b><a href="postconf.5.html#delay_logging_resolution_limit">delay_logging_resolution_limit</a> (2)</b>
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|
The maximal number of digits after the decimal point when log-
|
|
ging delay values.
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|
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<b><a href="postconf.5.html#export_environment">export_environment</a> (see 'postconf -d' output)</b>
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|
The list of environment variables that a Postfix process will
|
|
export to non-Postfix processes.
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|
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<b><a href="postconf.5.html#ipc_timeout">ipc_timeout</a> (3600s)</b>
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|
The time limit for sending or receiving information over an
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|
internal communication channel.
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<b><a href="postconf.5.html#mail_owner">mail_owner</a> (postfix)</b>
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|
The UNIX system account that owns the Postfix queue and most
|
|
Postfix daemon processes.
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|
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<b><a href="postconf.5.html#max_idle">max_idle</a> (100s)</b>
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|
The maximum amount of time that an idle Postfix daemon process
|
|
waits for an incoming connection before terminating voluntarily.
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|
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|
<b><a href="postconf.5.html#max_use">max_use</a> (100)</b>
|
|
The maximal number of incoming connections that a Postfix daemon
|
|
process will service before terminating voluntarily.
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|
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<b><a href="postconf.5.html#process_id">process_id</a> (read-only)</b>
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|
The process ID of a Postfix command or daemon process.
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|
|
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<b><a href="postconf.5.html#process_name">process_name</a> (read-only)</b>
|
|
The process name of a Postfix command or daemon process.
|
|
|
|
<b><a href="postconf.5.html#queue_directory">queue_directory</a> (see 'postconf -d' output)</b>
|
|
The location of the Postfix top-level queue directory.
|
|
|
|
<b><a href="postconf.5.html#recipient_delimiter">recipient_delimiter</a> (empty)</b>
|
|
The set of characters that can separate an email address local-
|
|
part, user name, or a .forward file name from its extension.
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|
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|
<b><a href="postconf.5.html#syslog_facility">syslog_facility</a> (mail)</b>
|
|
The syslog facility of Postfix logging.
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|
|
|
<b><a href="postconf.5.html#syslog_name">syslog_name</a> (see 'postconf -d' output)</b>
|
|
A prefix that is prepended to the process name in syslog
|
|
records, so that, for example, "smtpd" becomes "prefix/smtpd".
|
|
|
|
Available in Postfix version 3.0 and later:
|
|
|
|
<b><a href="postconf.5.html#pipe_delivery_status_filter">pipe_delivery_status_filter</a> ($<a href="postconf.5.html#default_delivery_status_filter">default_delivery_status_filter</a>)</b>
|
|
Optional filter for the <a href="pipe.8.html"><b>pipe</b>(8)</a> delivery agent to change the
|
|
delivery status code or explanatory text of successful or unsuc-
|
|
cessful deliveries.
|
|
|
|
Available in Postfix version 3.3 and later:
|
|
|
|
<b><a href="postconf.5.html#enable_original_recipient">enable_original_recipient</a> (yes)</b>
|
|
Enable support for the original recipient address after an
|
|
address is rewritten to a different address (for example with
|
|
aliasing or with canonical mapping).
|
|
|
|
<b><a href="postconf.5.html#service_name">service_name</a> (read-only)</b>
|
|
The <a href="master.5.html">master.cf</a> service name of a Postfix daemon process.
|
|
|
|
Available in Postfix 3.5 and later:
|
|
|
|
<b><a href="postconf.5.html#info_log_address_format">info_log_address_format</a> (external)</b>
|
|
The email address form that will be used in non-debug logging
|
|
(info, warning, etc.).
|
|
|
|
<b><a name="see_also">SEE ALSO</a></b>
|
|
<a href="qmgr.8.html">qmgr(8)</a>, queue manager
|
|
<a href="bounce.8.html">bounce(8)</a>, delivery status reports
|
|
<a href="postconf.5.html">postconf(5)</a>, configuration parameters
|
|
<a href="master.5.html">master(5)</a>, generic daemon options
|
|
<a href="master.8.html">master(8)</a>, process manager
|
|
<a href="postlogd.8.html">postlogd(8)</a>, Postfix logging
|
|
syslogd(8), system logging
|
|
|
|
<b><a name="license">LICENSE</a></b>
|
|
The Secure Mailer license must be distributed with this software.
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|
|
|
<b>AUTHOR(S)</b>
|
|
Wietse Venema
|
|
IBM T.J. Watson Research
|
|
P.O. Box 704
|
|
Yorktown Heights, NY 10598, USA
|
|
|
|
Wietse Venema
|
|
Google, Inc.
|
|
111 8th Avenue
|
|
New York, NY 10011, USA
|
|
|
|
PIPE(8)
|
|
</pre> </body> </html>
|