225 lines
7.7 KiB
Groff
225 lines
7.7 KiB
Groff
.TH MASTER 8
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.ad
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.fi
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.SH NAME
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master
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\-
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Postfix master process
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.SH "SYNOPSIS"
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.na
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.nf
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\fBmaster\fR [\fB\-Dditvw\fR] [\fB\-c \fIconfig_dir\fR] [\fB\-e \fIexit_time\fR]
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.SH DESCRIPTION
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.ad
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.fi
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The \fBmaster\fR(8) daemon is the resident process that runs Postfix
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daemons on demand: daemons to send or receive messages via the
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network, daemons to deliver mail locally, etc. These daemons are
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created on demand up to a configurable maximum number per service.
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Postfix daemons terminate voluntarily, either after being idle for
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a configurable amount of time, or after having serviced a
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configurable number of requests. Exceptions to this rule are the
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resident queue manager, address verification server, and the TLS
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session cache and pseudo\-random number server.
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The behavior of the \fBmaster\fR(8) daemon is controlled by the
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\fBmaster.cf\fR configuration file, as described in \fBmaster\fR(5).
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Options:
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.IP "\fB\-c \fIconfig_dir\fR"
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Read the \fBmain.cf\fR and \fBmaster.cf\fR configuration files in
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the named directory instead of the default configuration directory.
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This also overrides the configuration files for other Postfix
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daemon processes.
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.IP \fB\-D\fR
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After initialization, run a debugger on the master process. The
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debugging command is specified with the \fBdebugger_command\fR in
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the \fBmain.cf\fR global configuration file.
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.IP \fB\-d\fR
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Do not redirect stdin, stdout or stderr to /dev/null, and
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do not discard the controlling terminal. This must be used
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for debugging only.
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.IP "\fB\-e \fIexit_time\fR"
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Terminate the master process after \fIexit_time\fR seconds. Child
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processes terminate at their convenience.
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.IP \fB\-i\fR
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Enable \fBinit\fR mode: do not become a session or process
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group leader; and similar to \fB\-s\fR, do not redirect stdout
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to /dev/null, so that "maillog_file = /dev/stdout" works.
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This mode is allowed only if the process ID equals 1.
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.sp
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This feature is available in Postfix 3.3 and later.
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.IP \fB\-s\fR
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Do not redirect stdout to /dev/null, so that "maillog_file
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= /dev/stdout" works.
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.sp
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This feature is available in Postfix 3.4 and later.
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.IP \fB\-t\fR
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Test mode. Return a zero exit status when the \fBmaster.pid\fR lock
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file does not exist or when that file is not locked. This is evidence
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that the \fBmaster\fR(8) daemon is not running.
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.IP \fB\-v\fR
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Enable verbose logging for debugging purposes. This option
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is passed on to child processes. Multiple \fB\-v\fR options
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make the software increasingly verbose.
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.IP \fB\-w\fR
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Wait in a dummy foreground process, while the real master
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daemon initializes in a background process. The dummy
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foreground process returns a zero exit status only if the
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master daemon initialization is successful, and if it
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completes in a reasonable amount of time.
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.sp
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This feature is available in Postfix 2.10 and later.
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.PP
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Signals:
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.IP \fBSIGHUP\fR
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Upon receipt of a \fBHUP\fR signal (e.g., after "\fBpostfix reload\fR"),
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the master process re\-reads its configuration files. If a service has
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been removed from the \fBmaster.cf\fR file, its running processes
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are terminated immediately.
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Otherwise, running processes are allowed to terminate as soon
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as is convenient, so that changes in configuration settings
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affect only new service requests.
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.IP \fBSIGTERM\fR
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Upon receipt of a \fBTERM\fR signal (e.g., after "\fBpostfix abort\fR"),
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the master process passes the signal on to its child processes and
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terminates.
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This is useful for an emergency shutdown. Normally one would
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terminate only the master ("\fBpostfix stop\fR") and allow running
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processes to finish what they are doing.
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.SH DIAGNOSTICS
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.ad
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.fi
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Problems are reported to \fBsyslogd\fR(8) or \fBpostlogd\fR(8).
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The exit status
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is non\-zero in case of problems, including problems while
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initializing as a master daemon process in the background.
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.SH "ENVIRONMENT"
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.na
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.nf
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.ad
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.fi
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.IP \fBMAIL_DEBUG\fR
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After initialization, start a debugger as specified with the
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\fBdebugger_command\fR configuration parameter in the \fBmain.cf\fR
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configuration file.
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.IP \fBMAIL_CONFIG\fR
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Directory with Postfix configuration files.
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.SH "CONFIGURATION PARAMETERS"
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.na
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.nf
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.ad
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.fi
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Unlike most Postfix daemon processes, the \fBmaster\fR(8) server does
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not automatically pick up changes to \fBmain.cf\fR. Changes
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to \fBmaster.cf\fR are never picked up automatically.
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Use the "\fBpostfix reload\fR" command after a configuration change.
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.SH "RESOURCE AND RATE CONTROLS"
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.na
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.nf
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.ad
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.fi
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.IP "\fBdefault_process_limit (100)\fR"
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The default maximal number of Postfix child processes that provide
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a given service.
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.IP "\fBmax_idle (100s)\fR"
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The maximum amount of time that an idle Postfix daemon process waits
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for an incoming connection before terminating voluntarily.
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.IP "\fBmax_use (100)\fR"
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The maximal number of incoming connections that a Postfix daemon
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process will service before terminating voluntarily.
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.IP "\fBservice_throttle_time (60s)\fR"
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How long the Postfix \fBmaster\fR(8) waits before forking a server that
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appears to be malfunctioning.
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.PP
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Available in Postfix version 2.6 and later:
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.IP "\fBmaster_service_disable (empty)\fR"
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Selectively disable \fBmaster\fR(8) listener ports by service type
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or by service name and type.
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.SH "MISCELLANEOUS CONTROLS"
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.nf
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.ad
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.fi
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.IP "\fBconfig_directory (see 'postconf -d' output)\fR"
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The default location of the Postfix main.cf and master.cf
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configuration files.
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.IP "\fBdaemon_directory (see 'postconf -d' output)\fR"
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The directory with Postfix support programs and daemon programs.
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.IP "\fBdebugger_command (empty)\fR"
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The external command to execute when a Postfix daemon program is
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invoked with the \-D option.
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.IP "\fBinet_interfaces (all)\fR"
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The local network interface addresses that this mail system
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receives mail on.
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.IP "\fBinet_protocols (see 'postconf -d' output)\fR"
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The Internet protocols Postfix will attempt to use when making
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or accepting connections.
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.IP "\fBimport_environment (see 'postconf -d' output)\fR"
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The list of environment variables that a privileged Postfix
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process will import from a non\-Postfix parent process, or name=value
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environment overrides.
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.IP "\fBmail_owner (postfix)\fR"
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The UNIX system account that owns the Postfix queue and most Postfix
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daemon processes.
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.IP "\fBprocess_id (read\-only)\fR"
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The process ID of a Postfix command or daemon process.
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.IP "\fBprocess_name (read\-only)\fR"
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The process name of a Postfix command or daemon process.
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.IP "\fBqueue_directory (see 'postconf -d' output)\fR"
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The location of the Postfix top\-level queue directory.
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.IP "\fBsyslog_facility (mail)\fR"
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The syslog facility of Postfix logging.
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.IP "\fBsyslog_name (see 'postconf -d' output)\fR"
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A prefix that is prepended to the process name in syslog
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records, so that, for example, "smtpd" becomes "prefix/smtpd".
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.PP
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Available in Postfix 3.3 and later:
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.IP "\fBservice_name (read\-only)\fR"
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The master.cf service name of a Postfix daemon process.
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.PP
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Available in Postfix 3.6 and later:
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.IP "\fBknown_tcp_ports (lmtp=24, smtp=25, smtps=submissions=465, submission=587)\fR"
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Optional setting that avoids lookups in the \fBservices\fR(5) database.
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.SH "FILES"
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.na
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.nf
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.ad
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.fi
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To expand the directory names below into their actual values,
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use the command "\fBpostconf config_directory\fR" etc.
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.na
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.nf
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$config_directory/main.cf, global configuration file.
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$config_directory/master.cf, master server configuration file.
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$queue_directory/pid/master.pid, master lock file.
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$data_directory/master.lock, master lock file.
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.SH "SEE ALSO"
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.nf
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qmgr(8), queue manager
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verify(8), address verification
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master(5), master.cf configuration file syntax
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postconf(5), main.cf configuration file syntax
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postlogd(8), Postfix logging
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syslogd(8), system logging
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.SH "LICENSE"
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.na
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.nf
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.ad
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.fi
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The Secure Mailer license must be distributed with this software.
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.SH "AUTHOR(S)"
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.na
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.nf
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Wietse Venema
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IBM T.J. Watson Research
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P.O. Box 704
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Yorktown Heights, NY 10598, USA
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Wietse Venema
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Google, Inc.
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111 8th Avenue
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New York, NY 10011, USA
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