245 lines
5.5 KiB
Groff
245 lines
5.5 KiB
Groff
'\" t
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.\" Title: shadow
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.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
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.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
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.\" Date: 19.03.2025
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.\" Manual: Library Calls
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.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.17.4
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.\" Language: German
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.\"
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.TH "SHADOW" "3" "19.03.2025" "shadow\-utils 4\&.17\&.4" "Library Calls"
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.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
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.\" * Define some portability stuff
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.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
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.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
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.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
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.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
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.el .ds Aq '
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.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
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.\" * set default formatting
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.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
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.\" disable hyphenation
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.nh
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.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
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.ad l
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.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
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.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
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.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
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.SH "NAME"
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shadow, getspnam \- Routinen f\(:ur die Dateien mit verschl\(:usselten Passw\(:ortern
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.SH "SYNTAX"
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.PP
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\fI#include <shadow\&.h>\fR
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.PP
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\fIstruct spwd *getspent();\fR
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.PP
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\fIstruct spwd *getspnam(char\fR
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\fI*name\fR\fI);\fR
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.PP
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\fIvoid setspent();\fR
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.PP
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\fIvoid endspent();\fR
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.PP
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\fIstruct spwd *fgetspent(FILE\fR
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\fI*fp\fR\fI);\fR
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.PP
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\fIstruct spwd *sgetspent(char\fR
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\fI*cp\fR\fI);\fR
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.PP
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\fIint putspent(struct spwd\fR
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\fI*p,\fR
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\fIFILE\fR
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\fI*fp\fR\fI);\fR
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.PP
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\fIint lckpwdf();\fR
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.PP
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\fIint ulckpwdf();\fR
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.SH "BESCHREIBUNG"
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.PP
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\fIshadow\fR
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manipulates the contents of the shadow password file,
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/etc/shadow\&. The structure in the
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\fI#include\fR
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file is:
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.sp
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.if n \{\
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.RS 4
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.\}
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.nf
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struct spwd {
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char *sp_namp; /* user login name */
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char *sp_pwdp; /* encrypted password */
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long int sp_lstchg; /* last password change */
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long int sp_min; /* days until change allowed\&. */
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long int sp_max; /* days before change required */
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long int sp_warn; /* days warning for expiration */
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long int sp_inact; /* days before account inactive */
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long int sp_expire; /* date when account expires */
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unsigned long int sp_flag; /* reserved for future use */
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}
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.fi
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.if n \{\
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.RE
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.\}
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.PP
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Die Bedeutung dieser Felder ist:
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.sp
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.RS 4
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.ie n \{\
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\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
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.\}
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.el \{\
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.sp -1
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.IP \(bu 2.3
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.\}
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sp_namp \- Verweis auf den Anmeldenamen, mit NULL als Schlusszeichen
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.RE
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.sp
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.RS 4
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.ie n \{\
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\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
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.\}
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.el \{\
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.sp -1
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.IP \(bu 2.3
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.\}
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sp_pwdp \- Verweis auf verschl\(:usseltes Passwort, mit NULL als Schlusszeichen
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.RE
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.sp
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.RS 4
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.ie n \{\
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\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
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.\}
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.el \{\
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.sp -1
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.IP \(bu 2.3
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.\}
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sp_lstchg \- Tag, gez\(:ahlt ab dem 1\&. Januar 1970, an dem das Passwort das letzte Mal ge\(:andert wurde
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.RE
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.sp
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.RS 4
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.ie n \{\
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\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
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.\}
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.el \{\
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.sp -1
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.IP \(bu 2.3
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.\}
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sp_min \- Anzahl der Tage, die das Passwort nicht ge\(:andert werden darf
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.RE
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.sp
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.RS 4
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.ie n \{\
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\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
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.\}
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.el \{\
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.sp -1
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.IP \(bu 2.3
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.\}
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sp_max \- Anzahl der Tage, nach denen das Passwort ge\(:andert werden muss
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.RE
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.sp
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.RS 4
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.ie n \{\
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\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
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.\}
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.el \{\
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.sp -1
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.IP \(bu 2.3
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.\}
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sp_warn \- Anzahl der Tage vor dem Ablaufen des Passworts, an welchen der Benutzer eine entsprechende Warnung erh\(:alt
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.RE
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.sp
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.RS 4
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.ie n \{\
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\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
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.\}
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.el \{\
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.sp -1
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.IP \(bu 2.3
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.\}
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sp_inact \- Anzahl der Tage nach Ablauf des Passworts, nach denen der Benutzer als inaktiv angesehen wird und den Zugriff auf das Konto verliert
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.RE
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.sp
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.RS 4
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.ie n \{\
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\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
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.\}
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.el \{\
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.sp -1
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.IP \(bu 2.3
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.\}
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sp_expire \- Tage, gez\(:ahlt ab dem 1\&. Januar 1970, an dem das Konto erl\(:oschen soll
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.RE
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.sp
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.RS 4
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.ie n \{\
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\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
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.\}
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.el \{\
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.sp -1
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.IP \(bu 2.3
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.\}
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sp_flag \- f\(:ur zuk\(:unftigen Gebrauch reserviert
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.RE
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.SH "BESCHREIBUNG"
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.PP
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\fIgetspent\fR,
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\fIgetspname\fR,
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\fIfgetspent\fR, and
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\fIsgetspent\fR
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each return a pointer to a
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\fIstruct spwd\fR\&.
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\fIgetspent\fR
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returns the next entry from the file, and
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\fIfgetspent\fR
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returns the next entry from the given stream, which is assumed to be a file of the proper format\&.
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\fIsgetspent\fR
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returns a pointer to a
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\fIstruct spwd\fR
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using the provided string as input\&.
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\fIgetspnam\fR
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searches from the current position in the file for an entry matching
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\fIname\fR\&.
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.PP
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\fIsetspent\fR
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and
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\fIendspent\fR
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may be used to begin and end, respectively, access to the shadow password file\&.
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.PP
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The
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\fIlckpwdf\fR
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and
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\fIulckpwdf\fR
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routines should be used to insure exclusive access to the
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/etc/shadow
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file\&.
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\fIlckpwdf\fR
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attempts to acquire a lock using
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\fIpw_lock\fR
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for up to 15 seconds\&. It continues by attempting to acquire a second lock using
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\fIspw_lock\fR
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for the remainder of the initial 15 seconds\&. Should either attempt fail after a total of 15 seconds,
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\fIlckpwdf\fR
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returns \-1\&. When both locks are acquired 0 is returned\&.
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.SH "DIAGNOSE"
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.PP
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Routines return NULL if no more entries are available or if an error occurs during processing\&. Routines which have
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\fIint\fR
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as the return value return 0 for success and \-1 for failure\&.
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.SH "WARNUNGEN"
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.PP
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Nur der Systemadministrator kann diese Routinen verwenden, da der Zugriff auf die gesch\(:utzte Passwortdatei beschr\(:ankt ist\&.
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.SH "DATEIEN"
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.PP
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/etc/shadow
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.RS 4
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gesch\(:utzte Informationen zu den Benutzerkonten
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.RE
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.SH "SIEHE AUCH"
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.PP
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\fBgetpwent\fR(3),
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\fBshadow\fR(5)\&.
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