235 lines
7.8 KiB
Groff
235 lines
7.8 KiB
Groff
'\" t
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.\" Title: newusers
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.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
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.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
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.\" Date: 19.03.2025
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.\" Manual: System Management Commands
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.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.17.4
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.\" Language: German
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.\"
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.TH "NEWUSERS" "8" "19.03.2025" "shadow\-utils 4\&.17\&.4" "System Management Commands"
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.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
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.\" * Define some portability stuff
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.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
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.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
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.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
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.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
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.el .ds Aq '
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.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
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.\" * set default formatting
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.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
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.\" disable hyphenation
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.nh
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.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
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.ad l
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.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
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.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
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.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
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.SH "NAME"
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newusers \- erstellt neue oder aktualisiert vorhandene Benutzerkonten in einem Aufruf
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.SH "\(:UBERSICHT"
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.HP \w'\fBnewusers\fR\ 'u
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\fBnewusers\fR [\fIoptions\fR] [\fIfile\fR]
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.SH "BESCHREIBUNG"
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.PP
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The
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\fBnewusers\fR
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command reads a
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\fIfile\fR
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(or the standard input by default) and uses this information to update a set of existing users or to create new users\&. Each line is in the same format as the standard password file (see
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\fBpasswd\fR(5)) with the exceptions explained below:
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.PP
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pw_Name:pw_Passwort:pw_Benutzerkennung:pw_Gruppenkennung:pw_GECOS:pw_Verzeichnis:pw_Shell
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.PP
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\fIpw_name\fR
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.RS 4
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Dies ist der Anmeldename des Benutzers\&.
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.sp
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It can be the name of a new user or the name of an existing user (or a user created before by
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\fBnewusers\fR)\&. In case of an existing user, the user\*(Aqs information will be changed, otherwise a new user will be created\&.
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.RE
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.PP
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\fIpw_passwd\fR
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.RS 4
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Dieses Feld wird verschl\(:usselt und als neues verschl\(:usseltes Passwort benutzt\&.
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.RE
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.PP
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\fIpw_uid\fR
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.RS 4
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Mit diesem Feld wird die Benutzerkennung festgelegt\&.
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.sp
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If the field is empty, a new (unused) UID will be defined automatically by
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\fBnewusers\fR\&.
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.sp
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Wenn dieses Feld eine Zahl enth\(:alt, wird sie als Benutzerkennung \(:ubernommen\&.
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.sp
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If this field contains the name of an existing user (or the name of a user created before by
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\fBnewusers\fR), the UID of the specified user will be used\&.
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.sp
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Falls die Kennung eines bestehenden Benutzers ver\(:andert wird, muss bei den Dateien des Benutzers der Eigent\(:umer per Hand angepasst werden\&.
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.RE
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.PP
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\fIpw_gid\fR
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.RS 4
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Mit diesem Feld wird die Kennung der prim\(:aren Gruppe des Benutzers festgelegt\&.
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.sp
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If this field contains the name of an existing group (or a group created before by
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\fBnewusers\fR), the GID of this group will be used as the primary group ID for the user\&.
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.sp
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Wenn dieses Feld eine Zahl enth\(:alt, wird sie als Kennung der prim\(:aren Gruppe des Benutzers verwendet\&. Falls keine Gruppe mit dieser Kennung existiert, wird eine neue Gruppe mit dieser Kennung und dem Namen des Benutzers erstellt\&.
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.sp
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If this field is empty, a new group will be created with the name of the user and a GID will be automatically defined by
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\fBnewusers\fR
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to be used as the primary group ID for the user and as the GID for the new group\&.
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.sp
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If this field contains the name of a group which does not exist (and was not created before by
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\fBnewusers\fR), a new group will be created with the specified name and a GID will be automatically defined by
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\fBnewusers\fR
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to be used as the primary group ID for the user and GID for the new group\&.
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.RE
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.PP
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\fIpw_gecos\fR
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.RS 4
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Dieses Feld wird in das GECOS\-Feld des Benutzers kopiert\&.
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.RE
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.PP
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\fIpw_dir\fR
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.RS 4
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In diesem Feld wird das pers\(:onliche Verzeichnis des Benutzers definiert\&.
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.sp
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If this field does not specify an existing directory, the specified directory is created, with ownership set to the user being created or updated and its primary group\&. Note that
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\fInewusers does not create parent directories \fR
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of the new user\*(Aqs home directory\&. The newusers command will fail to create the home directory if the parent directories do not exist, and will send a message to stderr informing the user of the failure\&. The newusers command will not halt or return a failure to the calling shell if it fails to create the home directory, it will continue to process the batch of new users specified\&.
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.sp
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If the home directory of an existing user is changed,
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\fBnewusers\fR
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does not move or copy the content of the old directory to the new location\&. This should be done manually\&.
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.RE
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.PP
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\fIpw_shell\fR
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.RS 4
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Mit diesem Feld wird die Shell des Benutzers festgelegt, wobei diese Eingabe nicht \(:uberpr\(:uft wird\&.
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.RE
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.PP
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\fBnewusers\fR
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first tries to create or change all the specified users, and then write these changes to the user or group databases\&. If an error occurs (except in the final writes to the databases), no changes are committed to the databases\&.
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.PP
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Dieser Befehl ist f\(:ur weitreichende Systeme gedacht, bei denenviele Konten gleichzeitig angelegt werden m\(:ussen\&.
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.SH "OPTIONEN"
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.PP
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The options which apply to the
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\fBnewusers\fR
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command are:
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.PP
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\fB\-\-badname\fR\ \&
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.RS 4
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erlaube Namen, die nicht den Standards entsprechen\&.
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.RE
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.PP
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\fB\-c\fR, \fB\-\-crypt\-method\fR
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.RS 4
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definiert die Methode, mit der die Passw\(:orter verschl\(:usselt werden\&.
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.sp
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Die verf\(:ugbaren Methoden sind, sofern Ihre libc diese bereitstellt, DES, MD5, NONE und SHA256 oder SHA512\&.
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.RE
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.PP
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\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
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.RS 4
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zeigt die Hilfe an und beendet das Programm\&.
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.RE
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.PP
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\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-system\fR
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.RS 4
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erstellt ein Systemkonto
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.sp
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System users will be created with no aging information in
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/etc/shadow, and their numeric identifiers are chosen in the
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\fBSYS_UID_MIN\fR\-\fBSYS_UID_MAX\fR
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range, defined in
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login\&.defs, instead of
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\fBUID_MIN\fR\-\fBUID_MAX\fR
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(and their
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\fBGID\fR
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counterparts for the creation of groups)\&.
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.RE
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.PP
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\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
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.RS 4
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Apply changes in the
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\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
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directory and use the configuration files from the
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\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
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directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
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.RE
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.PP
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\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-sha\-rounds\fR
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.RS 4
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legt die Anzahl von Runden beim Verschl\(:usseln von Passw\(:ortern fest\&.
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.sp
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You can only use this option with crypt method:
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\fISHA256\fR \fISHA512\fR
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.sp
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By default, the number of rounds for SHA256 or SHA512 is defined by the SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS and SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS variables in
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/etc/login\&.defs\&.
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.sp
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A minimal value of 1000 and a maximal value of 999,999,999 will be enforced for SHA256 and SHA512\&. The default is 5000\&.
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.RE
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.SH "WARNUNGEN"
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.PP
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Die Eingabedatei muss gesch\(:utzt werden, da sie unverschl\(:usselte Passw\(:orter enth\(:alt\&.
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.PP
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Sie sollten darauf achten, dass Passw\(:orter und Verschl\(:usselungsmethode in Einklang mit der Passwortrichtlinie des Systems stehen\&.
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.SH "KONFIGURATION"
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.PP
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The following configuration variables in
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/etc/login\&.defs
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change the behavior of this tool:
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.SH "DATEIEN"
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.PP
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/etc/passwd
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.RS 4
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Informationen zu den Benutzerkonten
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.RE
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.PP
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/etc/shadow
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.RS 4
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gesch\(:utzte Informationen zu den Benutzerkonten
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.RE
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.PP
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/etc/group
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.RS 4
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Informationen zu den Gruppenkonten
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.RE
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.PP
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/etc/gshadow
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.RS 4
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gesch\(:utzte Informationen zu den Gruppenkonten
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.RE
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.PP
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/etc/login\&.defs
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.RS 4
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konfiguriert die Shadow\-Hilfsprogramme\&.
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.RE
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.PP
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/etc/subgid
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.RS 4
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enth\(:alt untergeordnete Gruppenkennungen der einzelnen Benutzer\&.
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.RE
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.PP
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/etc/subuid
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.RS 4
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enth\(:alt untergeordnete Benutzerkennungen der einzelnen Benutzer\&.
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.RE
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.SH "SIEHE AUCH"
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.PP
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\fBlogin.defs\fR(5),
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\fBpasswd\fR(1),
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\fBsubgid\fR(5), \fBsubuid\fR(5),
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\fBuseradd\fR(8)\&.
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