220 lines
7.2 KiB
Groff
220 lines
7.2 KiB
Groff
'\" t
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.\" Title: chage
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.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
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.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
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.\" Date: 03/19/2025
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.\" Manual: User Commands
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.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.17.4
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.\" Language: Russian
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.\"
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.TH "chage" "1" "03/19/2025" "shadow\-utils 4\&.17\&.4" "User Commands"
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.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
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.\" * Define some portability stuff
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.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
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.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
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.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
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.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
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.el .ds Aq '
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.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
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.\" * set default formatting
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.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
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.\" disable hyphenation
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.nh
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.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
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.ad l
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.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
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.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
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.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
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.SH "НАЗВАНИЕ"
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chage \- изменяет информацию об устаревании пароля пользователя
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.SH "СИНТАКСИС"
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.HP \w'\fBchage\fR\ 'u
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\fBchage\fR [\fIoptions\fR] \fILOGIN\fR
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.SH "ОПИСАНИЕ"
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.PP
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The
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\fBchage\fR
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command changes the number of days between password changes and the date of the last password change\&. This information is used by the system to determine when a user must change their password\&.
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.SH "ПАРАМЕТРЫ"
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.PP
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The options which apply to the
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\fBchage\fR
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command are:
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.PP
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\fB\-d\fR, \fB\-\-lastday\fR\ \&\fILAST_DAY\fR
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.RS 4
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Set the number of days since January 1st, 1970 when the password was last changed\&. The date may also be expressed in the format YYYY\-MM\-DD (or the format more commonly used in your area)\&. If the
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\fILAST_DAY\fR
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is set to
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\fI0\fR
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the user is forced to change his password on the next log on\&.
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.RE
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.PP
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\fB\-E\fR, \fB\-\-expiredate\fR\ \&\fIEXPIRE_DATE\fR
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.RS 4
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Установить дату устаревания учётной записи пользователя, которая задаётся числом дней прошедших с 1 января 1970 года\&. Дата может быть также задана в виде ГГГГ\-ММ\-ДД (или в форме согласно региональным настройкам)\&. Пользователь, чья учётная запись была заблокирована, должен обратиться к системному администратору, если хочет в дальнейшем работать с системой\&.
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.sp
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For example the following can be used to set an account to expire in 180 days:
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.sp
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.if n \{\
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.RS 4
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.\}
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.nf
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chage \-E $(date \-d +180days +%Y\-%m\-%d)
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.fi
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.if n \{\
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.RE
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.\}
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.sp
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Passing the number
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\fI\-1\fR
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as the
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\fIEXPIRE_DATE\fR
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will remove an account expiration date\&.
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.RE
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.PP
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\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
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.RS 4
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Показать краткую справку и закончить работу\&.
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.RE
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.PP
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\fB\-i\fR, \fB\-\-iso8601\fR
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.RS 4
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When printing dates, use YYYY\-MM\-DD format\&.
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.RE
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.PP
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\fB\-I\fR, \fB\-\-inactive\fR\ \&\fIINACTIVE\fR
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.RS 4
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Set the number of days of inactivity after a password has expired before the account is locked\&. The
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\fIINACTIVE\fR
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option is the number of days of inactivity\&. A user whose account is locked must contact the system administrator before being able to use the system again\&.
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.sp
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Passing the number
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\fI\-1\fR
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as the
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\fIINACTIVE\fR
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will remove an account\*(Aqs inactivity\&.
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.RE
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.PP
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\fB\-l\fR, \fB\-\-list\fR
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.RS 4
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Показать информацию об устаревании учётной записи\&.
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.RE
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.PP
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\fB\-m\fR, \fB\-\-mindays\fR\ \&\fIMIN_DAYS\fR
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.RS 4
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Set the minimum number of days between password changes to
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\fIMIN_DAYS\fR\&. A value of zero for this field indicates that the user may change their password at any time\&.
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.RE
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.PP
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\fB\-M\fR, \fB\-\-maxdays\fR\ \&\fIMAX_DAYS\fR
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.RS 4
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Set the maximum number of days during which a password is valid\&. When
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\fIMAX_DAYS\fR
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plus
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\fILAST_DAY\fR
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is less than the current day, the user will be required to change their password before being able to use their account\&. This occurrence can be planned for in advance by use of the
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\fB\-W\fR
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option, which provides the user with advance warning\&.
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.sp
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Passing the number
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\fI\-1\fR
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as
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\fIMAX_DAYS\fR
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will remove checking a password\*(Aqs validity\&.
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.RE
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.PP
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\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
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.RS 4
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Apply changes in the
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\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
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directory and use the configuration files from the
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\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
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directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
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.RE
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.PP
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\fB\-P\fR, \fB\-\-prefix\fR\ \&\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR
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.RS 4
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Apply changes to configuration files under the root filesystem found under the directory
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\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR\&. This option does not chroot and is intended for preparing a cross\-compilation target\&. Some limitations: NIS and LDAP users/groups are not verified\&. No SELINUX support\&.
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.RE
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.PP
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\fB\-W\fR, \fB\-\-warndays\fR\ \&\fIWARN_DAYS\fR
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.RS 4
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Set the number of days of warning before a password change is required\&. The
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\fIWARN_DAYS\fR
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option is the number of days prior to the password expiring that a user will be warned their password is about to expire\&.
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.RE
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.PP
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If none of the options are selected,
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\fBchage\fR
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operates in an interactive fashion, prompting the user with the current values for all of the fields\&. Enter the new value to change the field, or leave the line blank to use the current value\&. The current value is displayed between a pair of
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\fI[ ]\fR
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marks\&.
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.SH "ЗАМЕЧАНИЕ"
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.PP
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The
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\fBchage\fR
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program requires a shadow password file to be available\&.
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.PP
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The chage program will report only the information from the shadow password file\&. This implies that configuration from other sources (e\&.g\&. LDAP or empty password hash field from the passwd file) that affect the user\*(Aqs login will not be shown in the chage output\&.
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.PP
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The
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\fBchage\fR
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program will also not report any inconsistency between the shadow and passwd files (e\&.g\&. missing x in the passwd file)\&. The
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\fBpwck\fR
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can be used to check for this kind of inconsistencies\&.
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.PP
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The
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\fBchage\fR
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command is restricted to the root user, except for the
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\fB\-l\fR
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option, which may be used by an unprivileged user to determine when their password or account is due to expire\&.
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.SH "НАСТРОЙКА"
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.PP
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The following configuration variables in
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/etc/login\&.defs
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change the behavior of this tool:
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.SH "ФАЙЛЫ"
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.PP
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/etc/passwd
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.RS 4
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содержит информацию о пользователях
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.RE
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.PP
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/etc/shadow
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.RS 4
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содержит защищаемую информацию о пользователях
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.RE
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.SH "ВОЗВРАЩАЕМЫЕ ЗНАЧЕНИЯ"
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.PP
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The
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\fBchage\fR
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command exits with the following values:
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.PP
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\fI0\fR
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.RS 4
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success
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.RE
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.PP
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\fI1\fR
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.RS 4
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permission denied
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.RE
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.PP
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\fI2\fR
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.RS 4
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invalid command syntax
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.RE
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.PP
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\fI15\fR
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.RS 4
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can\*(Aqt find the shadow password file
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.RE
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.SH "СМОТРИТЕ ТАКЖЕ"
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.PP
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\fBpasswd\fR(5),
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\fBshadow\fR(5)\&.
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