314 lines
6.6 KiB
Groff
314 lines
6.6 KiB
Groff
'\" t
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.\" Title: pwck
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.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
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.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
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.\" Date: 03/19/2025
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.\" Manual: System Management Commands
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.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.17.4
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.\" Language: Russian
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.\"
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.TH "pwck" "8" "03/19/2025" "shadow\-utils 4\&.17\&.4" "System Management Commands"
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.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
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.\" * Define some portability stuff
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.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
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.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
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.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
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.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
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.el .ds Aq '
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.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
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.\" * set default formatting
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.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
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.\" disable hyphenation
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.nh
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.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
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.ad l
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.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
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.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
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.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
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.SH "НАЗВАНИЕ"
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pwck \- verify the integrity of password files
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.SH "СИНТАКСИС"
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.HP \w'\fBpwck\fR\ 'u
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\fBpwck\fR [options] [\fIPASSWORDFILE\fR\ [\ \fISHADOWFILE\fR\ ]]
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.SH "ОПИСАНИЕ"
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.PP
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The
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\fBpwck\fR
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command verifies the integrity of the users and authentication information\&. It checks that all entries in
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/etc/passwd
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and
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/etc/shadow
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have the proper format and contain valid data\&. The user is prompted to delete entries that are improperly formatted or which have other uncorrectable errors\&.
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.PP
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Выполняются следующие проверки:
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.sp
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.RS 4
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.ie n \{\
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\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
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.\}
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.el \{\
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.sp -1
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.IP \(bu 2.3
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.\}
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правильное количество полей
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.RE
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.sp
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.RS 4
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.ie n \{\
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\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
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.\}
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.el \{\
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.sp -1
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.IP \(bu 2.3
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.\}
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уникальность и корректность имени пользователя
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.RE
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.sp
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.RS 4
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.ie n \{\
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\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
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.\}
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.el \{\
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.sp -1
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.IP \(bu 2.3
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.\}
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корректность идентификатора пользователя и группы
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.RE
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.sp
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.RS 4
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.ie n \{\
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\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
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.\}
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.el \{\
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.sp -1
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.IP \(bu 2.3
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.\}
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корректность первичной группы
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.RE
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.sp
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.RS 4
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.ie n \{\
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\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
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.\}
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.el \{\
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.sp -1
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.IP \(bu 2.3
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.\}
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корректность домашнего каталога
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.RE
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.sp
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.RS 4
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.ie n \{\
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\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
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.\}
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.el \{\
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.sp -1
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.IP \(bu 2.3
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.\}
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корректность регистрационной оболочки
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.RE
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.PP
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Checks for shadowed password information are enabled when the second file parameter
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\fISHADOWFILE\fR
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is specified or when
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/etc/shadow
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exists on the system\&.
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.PP
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Выполняются следующие проверки:
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.sp
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.RS 4
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.ie n \{\
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\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
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.\}
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.el \{\
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.sp -1
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.IP \(bu 2.3
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.\}
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что каждая запись passwd имеет соответствующую запись shadow и каждая запись shadow имеет соответствующую запись passwd
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.RE
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.sp
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.RS 4
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.ie n \{\
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\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
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.\}
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.el \{\
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.sp -1
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.IP \(bu 2.3
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.\}
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пароли указаны в теневом файле
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.RE
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.sp
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.RS 4
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.ie n \{\
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\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
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.\}
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.el \{\
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.sp -1
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.IP \(bu 2.3
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.\}
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записи shadow содержат корректное количество полей
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.RE
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.sp
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.RS 4
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.ie n \{\
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\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
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.\}
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.el \{\
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.sp -1
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.IP \(bu 2.3
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.\}
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записи shadow уникальны в shadow
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.RE
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.sp
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.RS 4
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.ie n \{\
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\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
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.\}
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.el \{\
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.sp -1
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.IP \(bu 2.3
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.\}
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дата последней смены пароля не находится в будущем
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.RE
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.PP
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The checks for correct number of fields and unique user name are fatal\&. If the entry has the wrong number of fields, the user will be prompted to delete the entire line\&. If the user does not answer affirmatively, all further checks are bypassed\&. An entry with a duplicated user name is prompted for deletion, but the remaining checks will still be made\&. All other errors are warnings and the user is encouraged to run the
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\fBusermod\fR
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command to correct the error\&.
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.PP
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The commands which operate on the
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/etc/passwd
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file are not able to alter corrupted or duplicated entries\&.
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\fBpwck\fR
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should be used in those circumstances to remove the offending entry\&.
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.SH "ПАРАМЕТРЫ"
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.PP
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The
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\fB\-r\fR
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and
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\fB\-s\fR
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options cannot be combined\&.
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.PP
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The options which apply to the
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\fBpwck\fR
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command are:
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.PP
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\fB\-\-badname\fR\ \&
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.RS 4
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Allow names that do not conform to standards\&.
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.RE
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.PP
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\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
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.RS 4
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Показать краткую справку и закончить работу\&.
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.RE
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.PP
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\fB\-q\fR, \fB\-\-quiet\fR
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.RS 4
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Сообщать только об ошибках\&. Предупреждения, которые не требуют от пользователя никаких действий, показаны не будут\&.
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.RE
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.PP
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\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-read\-only\fR
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.RS 4
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Execute the
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\fBpwck\fR
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command in read\-only mode\&.
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.RE
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.PP
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\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
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.RS 4
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Apply changes in the
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\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
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directory and use the configuration files from the
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\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
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directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
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.RE
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.PP
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\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-sort\fR
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.RS 4
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Sort entries in
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/etc/passwd
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and
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/etc/shadow
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by UID\&.
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.RE
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.PP
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By default,
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\fBpwck\fR
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operates on the files
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/etc/passwd
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and
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/etc/shadow\&. The user may select alternate files with the
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\fIpasswd\fR
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and
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\fIshadow\fR
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parameters\&.
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.SH "НАСТРОЙКА"
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.PP
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The following configuration variables in
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/etc/login\&.defs
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change the behavior of this tool:
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.SH "ФАЙЛЫ"
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.PP
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/etc/group
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.RS 4
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содержит информацию о группах
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.RE
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.PP
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/etc/passwd
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.RS 4
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содержит информацию о пользователях
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.RE
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.PP
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/etc/shadow
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.RS 4
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содержит защищаемую информацию о пользователях
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.RE
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.SH "ВОЗВРАЩАЕМЫЕ ЗНАЧЕНИЯ"
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.PP
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The
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\fBpwck\fR
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command exits with the following values:
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.PP
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\fI0\fR
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.RS 4
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success
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.RE
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.PP
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\fI1\fR
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.RS 4
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invalid command syntax
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.RE
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.PP
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\fI2\fR
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.RS 4
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one or more bad password entries
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.RE
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.PP
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\fI3\fR
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.RS 4
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can\*(Aqt open password files
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.RE
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.PP
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\fI4\fR
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.RS 4
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can\*(Aqt lock password files
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.RE
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.PP
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\fI5\fR
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.RS 4
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can\*(Aqt update password files
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.RE
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.PP
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\fI6\fR
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.RS 4
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can\*(Aqt sort password files
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.RE
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.SH "СМОТРИТЕ ТАКЖЕ"
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.PP
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\fBgroup\fR(5),
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\fBgrpck\fR(8),
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\fBpasswd\fR(5),
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\fBshadow\fR(5),
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\fBusermod\fR(8)\&.
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