632 lines
19 KiB
Groff
632 lines
19 KiB
Groff
'\" t
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.\" Title: useradd
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.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
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.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
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.\" Date: 19/03/2025
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.\" Manual: System Management Commands
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.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.17.4
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.\" Language: Ukrainian
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.\"
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.TH "useradd" "8" "19/03/2025" "shadow\-utils 4\&.17\&.4" "System Management Commands"
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.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
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.\" * Define some portability stuff
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.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
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.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
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.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
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.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
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.el .ds Aq '
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.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
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.\" * set default formatting
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.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
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.\" disable hyphenation
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.nh
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.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
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.ad l
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.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
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.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
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.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
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.SH "НАЗВА"
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useradd \- створення запису користувача або оновлення відомостей щодо типового нового користувача
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.SH "КОРОТКИЙ ОГЛЯД"
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.HP \w'\fBuseradd\fR\ 'u
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\fBuseradd\fR [\fIoptions\fR] \fILOGIN\fR
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.HP \w'\fBuseradd\fR\ 'u
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\fBuseradd\fR \-D
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.HP \w'\fBuseradd\fR\ 'u
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\fBuseradd\fR \-D [\fIoptions\fR]
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.SH "ОПИС"
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.PP
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When invoked without the
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\fB\-D\fR
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option, the
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\fBuseradd\fR
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command creates a new user account using the values specified on the command line plus the default values from the system\&. Depending on command line options, the
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\fBuseradd\fR
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command will update system files and may also create the new user\*(Aqs home directory and copy initial files\&.
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.PP
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By default, a group will also be created for the new user (see
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\fB\-g\fR,
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\fB\-N\fR,
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\fB\-U\fR, and
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\fBUSERGROUPS_ENAB\fR)\&.
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.SH "ПАРАМЕТРИ"
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.PP
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The options which apply to the
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\fBuseradd\fR
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command are:
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.PP
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\fB\-\-badname\fR\ \&
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.RS 4
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Дозволити назви, які не відповідають стандартам\&.
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.RE
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.PP
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\fB\-b\fR, \fB\-\-base\-dir\fR\ \&\fIBASE_DIR\fR
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.RS 4
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The default base directory for the system if
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\fB\-d\fR\ \&\fIHOME_DIR\fR
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is not specified\&.
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\fIBASE_DIR\fR
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is concatenated with the account name to define the home directory\&.
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.sp
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If this option is not specified,
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\fBuseradd\fR
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will use the base directory specified by the
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\fBHOME\fR
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variable in
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/etc/default/useradd, or
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/home
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by default\&.
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.RE
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.PP
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\fB\-c\fR, \fB\-\-comment\fR\ \&\fICOMMENT\fR
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.RS 4
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Будь\-який рядок тексту\&. Зазвичай, це короткий опис облікового запису\&. У поточній версії використано як поле для повного імені користувача\&.
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.RE
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.PP
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\fB\-d\fR, \fB\-\-home\-dir\fR\ \&\fIHOME_DIR\fR
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.RS 4
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The new user will be created using
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\fIHOME_DIR\fR
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as the value for the user\*(Aqs login directory\&. The default is to append the
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\fILOGIN\fR
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name to
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\fIBASE_DIR\fR
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and use that as the login directory name\&. If the directory
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\fIHOME_DIR\fR
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does not exist, then it will be created unless the
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\fB\-M\fR
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option is specified\&.
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.RE
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.PP
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\fB\-D\fR, \fB\-\-defaults\fR
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.RS 4
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Див\&. нижче, підрозділ \(FoЗміна типових значень\(Fc\&.
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.RE
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.PP
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\fB\-e\fR, \fB\-\-expiredate\fR\ \&\fIEXPIRE_DATE\fR
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.RS 4
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The date on which the user account will be disabled\&. The date is specified in the format
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\fIYYYY\-MM\-DD\fR\&.
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.sp
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If not specified,
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\fBuseradd\fR
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will use the default expiry date specified by the
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\fBEXPIRE\fR
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variable in
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/etc/default/useradd, or an empty string (no expiry) by default\&.
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.RE
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.PP
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\fB\-f\fR, \fB\-\-inactive\fR\ \&\fIINACTIVE\fR
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.RS 4
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defines the number of days after the password exceeded its maximum age where the user is expected to replace this password\&. The value is stored in the shadow password file\&. An input of 0 will disable an expired password with no delay\&. An input of \-1 will blank the respective field in the shadow password file\&. See
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\fBshadow\fR(5)for more information\&.
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.sp
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If not specified,
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\fBuseradd\fR
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will use the default inactivity period specified by the
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\fBINACTIVE\fR
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variable in
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/etc/default/useradd, or \-1 by default\&.
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.RE
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.PP
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\fB\-F\fR, \fB\-\-add\-subids\-for\-system\fR
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.RS 4
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Update
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/etc/subuid
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and
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/etc/subgid
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even when creating a system account with
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\fB\-r\fR
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option\&.
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.RE
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.PP
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\fB\-g\fR, \fB\-\-gid\fR\ \&\fIGROUP\fR
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.RS 4
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Назва або номер основної групи користувача\&. Відповідна група має існувати\&. Номер групи має вказувати на вже наявну групу\&.
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.sp
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If not specified, the behavior of
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\fBuseradd\fR
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will depend on the
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\fBUSERGROUPS_ENAB\fR
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variable in
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/etc/login\&.defs\&. If this variable is set to
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\fIyes\fR
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(or
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\fB\-U/\-\-user\-group\fR
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is specified on the command line), a group will be created for the user, with the same name as the loginname\&. If the variable is set to
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\fIno\fR
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(or
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\fB\-N/\-\-no\-user\-group\fR
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is specified on the command line), useradd will set the primary group of the new user to the value specified by the
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\fBGROUP\fR
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variable in
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/etc/default/useradd, or 1000 by default\&.
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.RE
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.PP
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\fB\-G\fR, \fB\-\-groups\fR\ \&\fIGROUP1\fR[\fI,GROUP2,\&.\&.\&.\fR[\fI,GROUPN\fR]]]
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.RS 4
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A list of supplementary groups which the user is also a member of\&. Each group is separated from the next by a comma, with no intervening whitespace\&. The groups are subject to the same restrictions as the group given with the
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\fB\-g\fR
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option\&. The default is for the user to belong only to the initial group\&. In addition to passing in the \-G flag, you can add the option
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\fBGROUPS\fR
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to the file
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/etc/default/useradd
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which in turn will add all users to those supplementary groups\&.
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.RE
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.PP
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\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
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.RS 4
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Показати довідкове повідомлення і завершити роботу\&.
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.RE
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.PP
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\fB\-k\fR, \fB\-\-skel\fR\ \&\fISKEL_DIR\fR
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.RS 4
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The skeleton directory, which contains files and directories to be copied in the user\*(Aqs home directory, when the home directory is created by
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\fBuseradd\fR\&.
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.sp
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This option is only valid if the
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\fB\-m\fR
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(or
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\fB\-\-create\-home\fR) option is specified\&.
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.sp
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If this option is not set, the skeleton directory is defined by the
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\fBSKEL\fR
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variable in
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/etc/default/useradd
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or, by default,
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/etc/skel\&.
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.sp
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Absolute symlinks that link back to the skel directory will have the
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/etc/skel
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prefix replaced with the user\*(Aqs home directory\&.
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.sp
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Якщо можна, буде скопійовано ACL і розширені атрибути\&.
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.RE
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.PP
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\fB\-K\fR, \fB\-\-key\fR\ \&\fIKEY\fR=\fIVALUE\fR
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.RS 4
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Overrides
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/etc/login\&.defs
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defaults (\fBUID_MIN\fR,
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\fBUID_MAX\fR,
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\fBUMASK\fR,
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\fBPASS_MAX_DAYS\fR
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and others)\&.
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.sp
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Example:
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\fB\-K\fR\ \&\fIPASS_MAX_DAYS \fR=\fI\-1\fR
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can be used when creating an account to turn off password aging\&. Multiple
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\fB\-K\fR
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options can be specified, e\&.g\&.:
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\fB\-K\fR\ \&\fIUID_MIN\fR
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=\fI100\fR\ \&\fB\-K\fR\ \&
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\fIUID_MAX\fR=\fI499\fR
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.RE
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.PP
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\fB\-l\fR, \fB\-\-no\-log\-init\fR
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.RS 4
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Не додавати користувача до баз даних lastlog і faillog\&.
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.sp
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Типово, записи користувачів у базах даних lastlog і faillog буде скинуто до початкових даних, щоб уникнути повторного використання записів, які лишилися від раніше вилучених користувачів\&.
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.sp
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If this option is not specified,
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\fBuseradd\fR
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will also consult the variable
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\fBLOG_INIT\fR
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in the
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/etc/default/useradd
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if set to no the user will not be added to the lastlog and faillog databases\&.
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.RE
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.PP
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\fB\-m\fR, \fB\-\-create\-home\fR
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.RS 4
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Create the user\*(Aqs home directory if it does not exist\&. The files and directories contained in the skeleton directory (which can be defined with the
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\fB\-k\fR
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option) will be copied to the home directory\&.
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.sp
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By default, if this option is not specified and
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\fBCREATE_HOME\fR
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is not enabled, no home directories are created\&.
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.sp
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Каталог, де буде створено домашній каталог користувача, має існувати і мати належний контекст SELinux і права доступу\&. Якщо ці умови не буде виконано, програма не зможе створити домашній каталог користувача або створений каталог буде недоступним\&.
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.RE
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.PP
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\fB\-M\fR, \fB\-\-no\-create\-home\fR
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.RS 4
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Do not create the user\*(Aqs home directory, even if the system wide setting from
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/etc/login\&.defs
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(\fBCREATE_HOME\fR) is set to
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\fIyes\fR\&.
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.RE
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.PP
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\fB\-N\fR, \fB\-\-no\-user\-group\fR
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.RS 4
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Do not create a group with the same name as the user, but add the user to the group specified by the
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\fB\-g\fR
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option or by the
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\fBGROUP\fR
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variable in
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/etc/default/useradd\&.
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.sp
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The default behavior (if the
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\fB\-g\fR,
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\fB\-N\fR, and
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\fB\-U\fR
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options are not specified) is defined by the
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\fBUSERGROUPS_ENAB\fR
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variable in
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/etc/login\&.defs\&.
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.RE
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.PP
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\fB\-o\fR, \fB\-\-non\-unique\fR
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.RS 4
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Дозволяє створення облікового запису із наявним UID\&.
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.sp
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This option is only valid in combination with the
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\fB\-u\fR
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option\&. As a user identity serves as key to map between users on one hand and permissions, file ownerships and other aspects that determine the system\*(Aqs behavior on the other hand, more than one login name will access the account of the given UID\&.
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.RE
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.PP
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\fB\-p\fR, \fB\-\-password\fR\ \&\fIPASSWORD\fR
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.RS 4
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defines an initial password for the account\&. PASSWORD is expected to be encrypted, as returned by
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\fBcrypt \fR(3)\&. Within a shell script, this option allows to create efficiently batches of users\&.
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.sp
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Without this option, the new account will be locked and with no password defined, i\&.e\&. a single exclamation mark in the respective field of
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/etc/shadow\&. This is a state where the user won\*(Aqt be able to access the account or to define a password himself\&.
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.sp
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\fBNote:\fRAvoid this option on the command line because the password (or encrypted password) will be visible by users listing the processes\&.
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.sp
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Вам слід переконатися, що пароль відповідає правилам складання паролів системи\&.
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.RE
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.PP
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\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-system\fR
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.RS 4
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Створити загальносистемний обліковий запис\&.
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.sp
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System users will be created with no aging information in
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/etc/shadow, and their numeric identifiers are chosen in the
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\fBSYS_UID_MIN\fR\-\fBSYS_UID_MAX\fR
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range, defined in
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/etc/login\&.defs, instead of
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\fBUID_MIN\fR\-\fBUID_MAX\fR
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(and their
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\fBGID\fR
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counterparts for the creation of groups)\&.
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.sp
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Note that
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\fBuseradd\fR
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will not create a home directory for such a user, regardless of the default setting in
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/etc/login\&.defs
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(\fBCREATE_HOME\fR)\&. You have to specify the
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\fB\-m\fR
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options if you want a home directory for a system account to be created\&.
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.sp
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Note that this option will not update
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/etc/subuid
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and
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/etc/subgid\&. You have to specify the
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\fB\-F\fR
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options if you want to update the files for a system account to be created\&.
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.RE
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.PP
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\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
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.RS 4
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Apply changes in the
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\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
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directory and use the configuration files from the
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\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
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directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
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.RE
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.PP
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\fB\-P\fR, \fB\-\-prefix\fR\ \&\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR
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.RS 4
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Apply changes to configuration files under the root filesystem found under the directory
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\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR\&. This option does not chroot and is intended for preparing a cross\-compilation target\&. Some limitations: NIS and LDAP users/groups are not verified\&. PAM authentication is using the host files\&. No SELINUX support\&.
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.RE
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.PP
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\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-shell\fR\ \&\fISHELL\fR
|
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.RS 4
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sets the path to the user\*(Aqs login shell\&. Without this option, the system will use the
|
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\fBSHELL\fR
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variable specified in
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/etc/default/useradd, or, if that is as well not set, the field for the login shell in
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/etc/passwd
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remains empty\&.
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.RE
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.PP
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\fB\-u\fR, \fB\-\-uid\fR\ \&\fIUID\fR
|
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.RS 4
|
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The numerical value of the user\*(Aqs ID\&. This value must be unique, unless the
|
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\fB\-o\fR
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option is used\&. The value must be non\-negative\&. The default is to use the smallest ID value greater than or equal to
|
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\fBUID_MIN\fR
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and greater than every other user\&.
|
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.sp
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See also the
|
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\fB\-r\fR
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option and the
|
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\fBUID_MAX\fR
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description\&.
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.RE
|
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.PP
|
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\fB\-U\fR, \fB\-\-user\-group\fR
|
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.RS 4
|
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Створити групу, назва якої збігається із назвою облікового запису користувача, додати користувача до цієї групи\&.
|
||
.sp
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The default behavior (if the
|
||
\fB\-g\fR,
|
||
\fB\-N\fR, and
|
||
\fB\-U\fR
|
||
options are not specified) is defined by the
|
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\fBUSERGROUPS_ENAB\fR
|
||
variable in
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/etc/login\&.defs\&.
|
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.RE
|
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.PP
|
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\fB\-Z\fR, \fB\-\-selinux\-user\fR\ \&\fISEUSER\fR
|
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.RS 4
|
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defines the SELinux user for the new account\&. Without this option, SELinux uses the default user\&. Note that the shadow system doesn\*(Aqt store the selinux\-user, it uses
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\fBsemanage\fR(8)
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for that\&.
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.RE
|
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.PP
|
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\fB\-\-selinux\-range\fR\ \&\fISERANGE\fR
|
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.RS 4
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defines the SELinux MLS range for the new account\&. Without this option, SELinux uses the default range\&. Note that the shadow system doesn\*(Aqt store the selinux\-range, it uses
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\fBsemanage\fR(8)
|
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for that\&.
|
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.sp
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This option is only valid if the
|
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\fB\-Z\fR
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(or
|
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\fB\-\-selinux\-user\fR) option is specified\&.
|
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.RE
|
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.SS "Зміна типових значень"
|
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.PP
|
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When invoked with only the
|
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\fB\-D\fR
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option,
|
||
\fBuseradd\fR
|
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will display the current default values\&. When invoked with
|
||
\fB\-D\fR
|
||
plus other options,
|
||
\fBuseradd\fR
|
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will update the default values for the specified options\&. Valid default\-changing options are:
|
||
.PP
|
||
\fB\-b\fR, \fB\-\-base\-dir\fR\ \&\fIBASE_DIR\fR
|
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.RS 4
|
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sets the path prefix for a new user\*(Aqs home directory\&. The user\*(Aqs name will be affixed to the end of
|
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\fIBASE_DIR\fR
|
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to form the new user\*(Aqs home directory name, if the
|
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\fB\-d\fR
|
||
option is not used when creating a new account\&.
|
||
.sp
|
||
This option sets the
|
||
\fBHOME\fR
|
||
variable in
|
||
/etc/default/useradd\&.
|
||
.RE
|
||
.PP
|
||
\fB\-e\fR, \fB\-\-expiredate\fR\ \&\fIEXPIRE_DATE\fR
|
||
.RS 4
|
||
Встановлює дату вимикання новостворених облікових записів користувачів\&.
|
||
.sp
|
||
This option sets the
|
||
\fBEXPIRE\fR
|
||
variable in
|
||
/etc/default/useradd\&.
|
||
.RE
|
||
.PP
|
||
\fB\-f\fR, \fB\-\-inactive\fR\ \&\fIINACTIVE\fR
|
||
.RS 4
|
||
defines the number of days after the password exceeded its maximum age where the user is expected to replace this password\&. See
|
||
\fBshadow\fR(5)for more information\&.
|
||
.sp
|
||
This option sets the
|
||
\fBINACTIVE\fR
|
||
variable in
|
||
/etc/default/useradd\&.
|
||
.RE
|
||
.PP
|
||
\fB\-g\fR, \fB\-\-gid\fR\ \&\fIGROUP\fR
|
||
.RS 4
|
||
Встановлює типову основну групу для новостворених записів користувачів\&. Можна вказати назву групи або числовий ідентифікатор групи\&. Вказана за назвою група має існувати, а GID має бути наявним записом\&.
|
||
.sp
|
||
This option sets the
|
||
\fBGROUP\fR
|
||
variable in
|
||
/etc/default/useradd\&.
|
||
.RE
|
||
.PP
|
||
\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-shell\fR\ \&\fISHELL\fR
|
||
.RS 4
|
||
Визначає типову оболонку входу для нових користувачів\&.
|
||
.sp
|
||
This option sets the
|
||
\fBSHELL\fR
|
||
variable in
|
||
/etc/default/useradd\&.
|
||
.RE
|
||
.SH "ПРИМІТКИ"
|
||
.PP
|
||
The system administrator is responsible for placing the default user files in the
|
||
/etc/skel/
|
||
directory (or any other skeleton directory specified in
|
||
/etc/default/useradd
|
||
or on the command line)\&.
|
||
.SH "ЗАСТЕРЕЖЕННЯ"
|
||
.PP
|
||
Не можна додавати користувача до групи NIS або LDAP\&. Для таких груп цю дію має бути виконано на відповідному сервері\&.
|
||
.PP
|
||
Similarly, if the username already exists in an external user database such as NIS or LDAP,
|
||
\fBuseradd\fR
|
||
will deny the user account creation request\&.
|
||
.PP
|
||
Usernames may contain only lower and upper case letters, digits, underscores, or dashes\&. They can end with a dollar sign\&. Dashes are not allowed at the beginning of the username\&. Fully numeric usernames and usernames \&. or \&.\&. are also disallowed\&. It is not recommended to use usernames beginning with \&. character as their home directories will be hidden in the
|
||
\fBls\fR
|
||
output\&.
|
||
.PP
|
||
Довжина імен користувачів не може перевищувати 256 символи\&.
|
||
.SH "НАЛАШТУВАННЯ"
|
||
.PP
|
||
The following configuration variables in
|
||
/etc/login\&.defs
|
||
change the behavior of this tool:
|
||
.SH "ФАЙЛИ"
|
||
.PP
|
||
/etc/passwd
|
||
.RS 4
|
||
Відомості щодо облікових записів користувача\&.
|
||
.RE
|
||
.PP
|
||
/etc/shadow
|
||
.RS 4
|
||
Відомості щодо захищених облікових записів користувачів\&.
|
||
.RE
|
||
.PP
|
||
/etc/group
|
||
.RS 4
|
||
Відомості щодо груп облікових записів\&.
|
||
.RE
|
||
.PP
|
||
/etc/gshadow
|
||
.RS 4
|
||
Відомості щодо захищених груп облікових записів\&.
|
||
.RE
|
||
.PP
|
||
/etc/default/useradd
|
||
.RS 4
|
||
Типові значення для створення облікового запису\&.
|
||
.RE
|
||
.PP
|
||
/etc/shadow\-maint/useradd\-pre\&.d/*, /etc/shadow\-maint/useradd\-post\&.d/*
|
||
.RS 4
|
||
Run\-part files to execute during user addition\&. The environment variable
|
||
\fBACTION\fR
|
||
will be populated with useradd and
|
||
\fBSUBJECT\fR
|
||
with the
|
||
\fBusername\fR\&.
|
||
useradd\-pre\&.d
|
||
will be executed prior to any user addition\&.
|
||
useradd\-post\&.d
|
||
will execute after user addition\&. If a script exits non\-zero then execution will terminate\&.
|
||
.RE
|
||
.PP
|
||
/etc/skel/
|
||
.RS 4
|
||
Каталог, у якому містяться типові файли\&.
|
||
.RE
|
||
.PP
|
||
/etc/subgid
|
||
.RS 4
|
||
Окремі для користувачів ідентифікатори підлеглих груп\&.
|
||
.RE
|
||
.PP
|
||
/etc/subuid
|
||
.RS 4
|
||
Окремі для користувачів ідентифікатори підлеглих користувачів\&.
|
||
.RE
|
||
.PP
|
||
/etc/login\&.defs
|
||
.RS 4
|
||
Налаштування комплексу для роботи з прихованими паролями\&.
|
||
.RE
|
||
.SH "ЗНАЧЕННЯ ВИХОДУ"
|
||
.PP
|
||
The
|
||
\fBuseradd\fR
|
||
command exits with the following values:
|
||
.PP
|
||
\fI0\fR
|
||
.RS 4
|
||
success
|
||
.RE
|
||
.PP
|
||
\fI1\fR
|
||
.RS 4
|
||
can\*(Aqt update password file
|
||
.RE
|
||
.PP
|
||
\fI2\fR
|
||
.RS 4
|
||
invalid command syntax
|
||
.RE
|
||
.PP
|
||
\fI3\fR
|
||
.RS 4
|
||
invalid argument to option
|
||
.RE
|
||
.PP
|
||
\fI4\fR
|
||
.RS 4
|
||
UID already in use (and no
|
||
\fB\-o\fR)
|
||
.RE
|
||
.PP
|
||
\fI6\fR
|
||
.RS 4
|
||
specified group doesn\*(Aqt exist
|
||
.RE
|
||
.PP
|
||
\fI9\fR
|
||
.RS 4
|
||
username or group name already in use
|
||
.RE
|
||
.PP
|
||
\fI10\fR
|
||
.RS 4
|
||
can\*(Aqt update group file
|
||
.RE
|
||
.PP
|
||
\fI12\fR
|
||
.RS 4
|
||
can\*(Aqt create home directory
|
||
.RE
|
||
.PP
|
||
\fI14\fR
|
||
.RS 4
|
||
can\*(Aqt update SELinux user mapping
|
||
.RE
|
||
.PP
|
||
\fI19\fR
|
||
.RS 4
|
||
invalid user or group name
|
||
.RE
|
||
.SH "ДИВ\&. ТАКОЖ"
|
||
.PP
|
||
\fBchfn\fR(1),
|
||
\fBchsh\fR(1),
|
||
\fBpasswd\fR(1),
|
||
\fBcrypt\fR(3),
|
||
\fBgroupadd\fR(8),
|
||
\fBgroupdel\fR(8),
|
||
\fBgroupmod\fR(8),
|
||
\fBlogin.defs\fR(5),
|
||
\fBnewusers\fR(8),
|
||
\fBsubgid\fR(5), \fBsubuid\fR(5),
|
||
\fBuserdel\fR(8),
|
||
\fBusermod\fR(8)\&.
|