193 lines
4.4 KiB
Groff
193 lines
4.4 KiB
Groff
'\" t
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.\" Title: passwd
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.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
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.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
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.\" Date: 2025-03-19
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.\" Manual: File Formats and Configuration Files
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.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.17.4
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.\" Language: Chinese Simplified
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.\"
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.TH "PASSWD" "5" "2025-03-19" "shadow\-utils 4\&.17\&.4" "File Formats and Configuration"
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.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
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.\" * Define some portability stuff
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.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
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.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
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.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
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.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
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.el .ds Aq '
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.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
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.\" * set default formatting
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.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
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.\" disable hyphenation
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.nh
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.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
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.ad l
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.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
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.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
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.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
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.SH "名称"
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passwd \- 密码文件
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.SH "描述"
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.PP
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/etc/passwd
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contains one line for each user account, with seven fields delimited by colons (\(lq:\(rq)\&. These fields are:
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.sp
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.RS 4
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.ie n \{\
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\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
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.\}
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.el \{\
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.sp -1
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.IP \(bu 2.3
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.\}
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登录名
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.RE
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.sp
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.RS 4
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.ie n \{\
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\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
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.\}
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.el \{\
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.sp -1
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.IP \(bu 2.3
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.\}
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可选的加密后的密码
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.RE
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.sp
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.RS 4
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.ie n \{\
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\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
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.\}
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.el \{\
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.sp -1
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.IP \(bu 2.3
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.\}
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数字用户 ID
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.RE
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.sp
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.RS 4
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.ie n \{\
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\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
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.\}
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.el \{\
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.sp -1
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.IP \(bu 2.3
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.\}
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数字组 ID
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.RE
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.sp
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.RS 4
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.ie n \{\
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\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
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.\}
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.el \{\
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.sp -1
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.IP \(bu 2.3
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.\}
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用户名和注释字段
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.RE
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.sp
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.RS 4
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.ie n \{\
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\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
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.\}
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.el \{\
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.sp -1
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.IP \(bu 2.3
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.\}
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用户主目录
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.RE
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.sp
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.RS 4
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.ie n \{\
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\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
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.\}
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.el \{\
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.sp -1
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.IP \(bu 2.3
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.\}
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可选的用户命令解释器
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.RE
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.PP
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If the
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\fIpassword\fR
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field is a lower\-case
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\(lqx\(rq, then the encrypted password is actually stored in the
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\fBshadow\fR(5)
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file instead; there
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\fImust\fR
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be a corresponding line in the
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/etc/shadow
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file, or else the user account is invalid\&.
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.PP
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The encrypted
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\fIpassword\fR
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field may be empty, in which case no password is required to authenticate as the specified login name\&. However, some applications which read the
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/etc/passwd
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file may decide not to permit
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\fIany\fR
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access at all if the
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\fIpassword\fR
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field is blank\&.
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.PP
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A
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\fIpassword\fR
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field which starts with an exclamation mark means that the password is locked\&. The remaining characters on the line represent the
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\fIpassword\fR
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field before the password was locked\&.
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.PP
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Refer to
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\fBcrypt\fR(3)
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for details on how this string is interpreted\&.
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.PP
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If the password field contains some string that is not a valid result of
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\fBcrypt\fR(3), for instance ! or *, the user will not be able to use a unix password to log in (but the user may log in the system by other means)\&.
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.PP
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The comment field, also known as the gecos field, is used by various system utilities, such as
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\fBfinger\fR(1)\&. The use of an ampersand here will be replaced by the capitalised login name when the field is used or displayed by such system utilities\&.
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.PP
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The home directory field provides the name of the initial working directory\&. The
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\fBlogin\fR
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program uses this information to set the value of the
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\fB$HOME\fR
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environmental variable\&.
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.PP
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The command interpreter field provides the name of the user\*(Aqs command language interpreter, or the name of the initial program to execute\&. The
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\fBlogin\fR
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program uses this information to set the value of the
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\fB$SHELL\fR
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environmental variable\&. If this field is empty, it defaults to the value
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/bin/sh\&.
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.SH "文件"
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.PP
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/etc/passwd
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.RS 4
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用户账户信息。
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.RE
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.PP
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/etc/shadow
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.RS 4
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可选的加密后的密码文件
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.RE
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.PP
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/etc/passwd\-
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.RS 4
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/etc/passwd 的备份文件。
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.sp
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注意，此文件由 shadow 工具集使用，而不是所有的用户和密码管理工具都会使用。
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.RE
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.SH "参见"
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.PP
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\fBcrypt\fR(3),
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\fBgetent\fR(1),
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\fBgetpwnam\fR(3),
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\fBlogin\fR(1),
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\fBpasswd\fR(1),
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\fBpwck\fR(8),
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\fBpwconv\fR(8),
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\fBpwunconv\fR(8),
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\fBshadow\fR(5),
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\fBsu\fR(1),
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\fBsulogin\fR(8)\&.
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