235 lines
7.1 KiB
Groff
235 lines
7.1 KiB
Groff
'\" t
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.\" Title: newusers
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.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
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.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
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.\" Date: 2025-03-19
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.\" Manual: System Management Commands
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.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.17.4
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.\" Language: Chinese Simplified
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.\"
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.TH "NEWUSERS" "8" "2025-03-19" "shadow\-utils 4\&.17\&.4" "System Management Commands"
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.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
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.\" * Define some portability stuff
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.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
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.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
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.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
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.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
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.el .ds Aq '
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.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
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.\" * set default formatting
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.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
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.\" disable hyphenation
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.nh
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.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
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.ad l
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.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
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.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
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.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
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.SH "名称"
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newusers \- 批量更新和创建新用户
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.SH "大纲"
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.HP \w'\fBnewusers\fR\ 'u
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\fBnewusers\fR [\fIoptions\fR] [\fIfile\fR]
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.SH "描述"
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.PP
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The
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\fBnewusers\fR
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command reads a
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\fIfile\fR
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(or the standard input by default) and uses this information to update a set of existing users or to create new users\&. Each line is in the same format as the standard password file (see
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\fBpasswd\fR(5)) with the exceptions explained below:
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.PP
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pw_name:pw_passwd:pw_uid:pw_gid:pw_gecos:pw_dir:pw_shell
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.PP
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\fIpw_name\fR
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.RS 4
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这是用户的用户名。
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.sp
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It can be the name of a new user or the name of an existing user (or a user created before by
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\fBnewusers\fR)\&. In case of an existing user, the user\*(Aqs information will be changed, otherwise a new user will be created\&.
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.RE
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.PP
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\fIpw_passwd\fR
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.RS 4
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此字段将被加密然后用于加密后密码的新值。
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.RE
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.PP
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\fIpw_uid\fR
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.RS 4
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此字段用于定义用户的 UID。
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.sp
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If the field is empty, a new (unused) UID will be defined automatically by
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\fBnewusers\fR\&.
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.sp
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如果此字段包含一个数字，此数字会用于 UID。
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.sp
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If this field contains the name of an existing user (or the name of a user created before by
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\fBnewusers\fR), the UID of the specified user will be used\&.
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.sp
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如果一个现有用户更改了 UID，此用户的文件所有权需要手动修复。
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.RE
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.PP
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\fIpw_gid\fR
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.RS 4
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此字段用于定义用户的主组 ID。
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.sp
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If this field contains the name of an existing group (or a group created before by
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\fBnewusers\fR), the GID of this group will be used as the primary group ID for the user\&.
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.sp
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如果此字段是一个数字，此数字会被用作此用户的主组 ID。如果没有对应此 GID 的现有组，将会使用此 GID 创建一个新组，名称和用户名相同。
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.sp
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If this field is empty, a new group will be created with the name of the user and a GID will be automatically defined by
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\fBnewusers\fR
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to be used as the primary group ID for the user and as the GID for the new group\&.
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.sp
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If this field contains the name of a group which does not exist (and was not created before by
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\fBnewusers\fR), a new group will be created with the specified name and a GID will be automatically defined by
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\fBnewusers\fR
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to be used as the primary group ID for the user and GID for the new group\&.
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.RE
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.PP
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\fIpw_gecos\fR
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.RS 4
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此字段复制到用户的 GECOS 字段。
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.RE
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.PP
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\fIpw_dir\fR
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.RS 4
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此字段用于定义用户的主目录。
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.sp
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If this field does not specify an existing directory, the specified directory is created, with ownership set to the user being created or updated and its primary group\&. Note that
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\fInewusers does not create parent directories \fR
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of the new user\*(Aqs home directory\&. The newusers command will fail to create the home directory if the parent directories do not exist, and will send a message to stderr informing the user of the failure\&. The newusers command will not halt or return a failure to the calling shell if it fails to create the home directory, it will continue to process the batch of new users specified\&.
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.sp
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If the home directory of an existing user is changed,
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\fBnewusers\fR
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does not move or copy the content of the old directory to the new location\&. This should be done manually\&.
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.RE
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.PP
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\fIpw_shell\fR
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.RS 4
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此字段定义了用户的 shell。对此字段不进行任何检查。
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.RE
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.PP
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\fBnewusers\fR
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first tries to create or change all the specified users, and then write these changes to the user or group databases\&. If an error occurs (except in the final writes to the databases), no changes are committed to the databases\&.
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.PP
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此命令一般用于在大型的应用环境中，对大量账户进行一次性更新。
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.SH "选项"
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.PP
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The options which apply to the
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\fBnewusers\fR
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command are:
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.PP
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\fB\-\-badname\fR\ \&
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.RS 4
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Allow names that do not conform to standards\&.
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.RE
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.PP
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\fB\-c\fR, \fB\-\-crypt\-method\fR
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.RS 4
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使用指定的方法加密密码。
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.sp
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可用的方法有 DES, MD5, NONE, and SHA256 或 SHA512，前提是您的 libc 支持这写方法。
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.RE
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.PP
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\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
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.RS 4
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显示帮助信息并退出。
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.RE
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.PP
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\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-system\fR
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.RS 4
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创建一个系统账户。
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.sp
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System users will be created with no aging information in
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/etc/shadow, and their numeric identifiers are chosen in the
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\fBSYS_UID_MIN\fR\-\fBSYS_UID_MAX\fR
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range, defined in
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login\&.defs, instead of
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\fBUID_MIN\fR\-\fBUID_MAX\fR
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(and their
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\fBGID\fR
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counterparts for the creation of groups)\&.
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.RE
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.PP
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\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
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.RS 4
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Apply changes in the
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\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
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directory and use the configuration files from the
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\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
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directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
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.RE
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.PP
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\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-sha\-rounds\fR
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.RS 4
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使用指定次数的轮转来加密密码。
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.sp
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You can only use this option with crypt method:
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\fISHA256\fR \fISHA512\fR
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.sp
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By default, the number of rounds for SHA256 or SHA512 is defined by the SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS and SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS variables in
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/etc/login\&.defs\&.
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.sp
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A minimal value of 1000 and a maximal value of 999,999,999 will be enforced for SHA256 and SHA512\&. The default is 5000\&.
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.RE
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.SH "CAVEATS"
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.PP
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输入文件必须受到保护，因为它包含未加密的密码。
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.PP
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您需要确保你吗和加密方法符合系统的密码策略。
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.SH "配置文件"
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.PP
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The following configuration variables in
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/etc/login\&.defs
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change the behavior of this tool:
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.SH "文件"
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.PP
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/etc/passwd
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.RS 4
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用户账户信息。
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.RE
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.PP
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/etc/shadow
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.RS 4
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安全用户账户信息。
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.RE
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.PP
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/etc/group
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.RS 4
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组账户信息。
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.RE
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.PP
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/etc/gshadow
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.RS 4
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安全组账户信息。
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.RE
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.PP
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/etc/login\&.defs
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.RS 4
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Shadow 密码套件配置。
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.RE
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.PP
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/etc/subgid
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.RS 4
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Per user subordinate group IDs\&.
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.RE
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.PP
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/etc/subuid
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.RS 4
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Per user subordinate user IDs\&.
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.RE
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.SH "参见"
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.PP
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\fBlogin.defs\fR(5),
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\fBpasswd\fR(1),
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\fBsubgid\fR(5), \fBsubuid\fR(5),
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\fBuseradd\fR(8)\&.
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