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| author | Daniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org> | 2024-05-07 02:04:06 +0000 |
|---|---|---|
| committer | Daniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org> | 2024-05-07 02:04:06 +0000 |
| commit | 5dff2d61cc1c27747ee398e04d8e02843aabb1f8 (patch) | |
| tree | a67c336b406c8227bac912beb74a1ad3cdc55100 /docs/manual/howto/access.html.en | |
| parent | Initial commit. (diff) | |
| download | apache2-5dff2d61cc1c27747ee398e04d8e02843aabb1f8.tar.xz apache2-5dff2d61cc1c27747ee398e04d8e02843aabb1f8.zip | |
Adding upstream version 2.4.38.upstream/2.4.38
Signed-off-by: Daniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org>
Diffstat (limited to 'docs/manual/howto/access.html.en')
| -rw-r--r-- | docs/manual/howto/access.html.en | 229 |
1 files changed, 229 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/docs/manual/howto/access.html.en b/docs/manual/howto/access.html.en new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ad0ae75 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/manual/howto/access.html.en @@ -0,0 +1,229 @@ +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?> +<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> +<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="en" xml:lang="en"><head> +<meta content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1" http-equiv="Content-Type" /> +<!-- + XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX + This file is generated from xml source: DO NOT EDIT + XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX + --> +<title>Access Control - Apache HTTP Server Version 2.4</title> +<link href="../style/css/manual.css" rel="stylesheet" media="all" type="text/css" title="Main stylesheet" /> +<link href="../style/css/manual-loose-100pc.css" rel="alternate stylesheet" media="all" type="text/css" title="No Sidebar - Default font size" /> +<link href="../style/css/manual-print.css" rel="stylesheet" media="print" type="text/css" /><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../style/css/prettify.css" /> +<script src="../style/scripts/prettify.min.js" type="text/javascript"> +</script> + +<link href="../images/favicon.ico" rel="shortcut icon" /></head> +<body id="manual-page"><div id="page-header"> +<p class="menu"><a href="../mod/">Modules</a> | <a href="../mod/directives.html">Directives</a> | <a href="http://wiki.apache.org/httpd/FAQ">FAQ</a> | <a href="../glossary.html">Glossary</a> | <a href="../sitemap.html">Sitemap</a></p> +<p class="apache">Apache HTTP Server Version 2.4</p> +<img alt="" src="../images/feather.png" /></div> +<div class="up"><a href="./"><img title="<-" alt="<-" src="../images/left.gif" /></a></div> +<div id="path"> +<a href="http://www.apache.org/">Apache</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/">HTTP Server</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/">Documentation</a> > <a href="../">Version 2.4</a> > <a href="./">How-To / Tutorials</a></div><div id="page-content"><div id="preamble"><h1>Access Control</h1> +<div class="toplang"> +<p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="../en/howto/access.html" title="English"> en </a> | +<a href="../es/howto/access.html" hreflang="es" rel="alternate" title="Español"> es </a> | +<a href="../fr/howto/access.html" hreflang="fr" rel="alternate" title="Français"> fr </a></p> +</div> + + <p>Access control refers to any means of controlling access to any + resource. This is separate from <a href="auth.html">authentication and authorization</a>.</p> +</div> +<div id="quickview"><a href="https://www.apache.org/foundation/contributing.html" class="badge"><img src="https://www.apache.org/images/SupportApache-small.png" alt="Support Apache!" /></a><ul id="toc"><li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#related">Related Modules and Directives</a></li> +<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#host">Access control by host</a></li> +<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#env">Access control by arbitrary variables</a></li> +<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#rewrite">Access control with mod_rewrite</a></li> +<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#moreinformation">More information</a></li> +</ul><h3>See also</h3><ul class="seealso"><li><a href="#comments_section">Comments</a></li></ul></div> +<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div> +<div class="section"> +<h2><a name="related" id="related">Related Modules and Directives</a></h2> + + <p>Access control can be done by several different modules. The most + important of these are <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_authz_core.html">mod_authz_core</a></code> and + <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_authz_host.html">mod_authz_host</a></code>. Also discussed in this document + is access control using <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_rewrite.html">mod_rewrite</a></code>.</p> + +</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div> +<div class="section"> +<h2><a name="host" id="host">Access control by host</a></h2> + <p> + If you wish to restrict access to portions of your site based on the + host address of your visitors, this is most easily done using + <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_authz_host.html">mod_authz_host</a></code>. + </p> + + <p>The <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_authz_core.html#require">Require</a></code> + provides a variety of different ways to allow or deny access to + resources. In conjunction with the <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_authz_core.html#requireall">RequireAll</a></code>, <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_authz_core.html#requireany">RequireAny</a></code>, and <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_authz_core.html#requirenone">RequireNone</a></code> directives, these + requirements may be combined in arbitrarily complex ways, to enforce + whatever your access policy happens to be.</p> + + <div class="warning"><p> + The <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_access_compat.html#allow">Allow</a></code>, + <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_access_compat.html#deny">Deny</a></code>, and + <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_access_compat.html#order">Order</a></code> directives, + provided by <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_access_compat.html">mod_access_compat</a></code>, are deprecated and + will go away in a future version. You should avoid using them, and + avoid outdated tutorials recommending their use. + </p></div> + + <p>The usage of these directives is:</p> + + <pre class="prettyprint lang-config">Require host address +Require ip ip.address</pre> + + + <p>In the first form, <var>address</var> is a fully qualified + domain name (or a partial domain name); you may provide multiple + addresses or domain names, if desired.</p> + + <p>In the second form, <var>ip.address</var> is an IP address, a + partial IP address, a network/netmask pair, or a network/nnn CIDR + specification. Either IPv4 or IPv6 addresses may be used.</p> + + <p>See <a href="../mod/mod_authz_host.html#requiredirectives">the + mod_authz_host documentation</a> for further examples of this + syntax.</p> + + <p>You can insert <code>not</code> to negate a particular requirement. + Note, that since a <code>not</code> is a negation of a value, it cannot + be used by itself to allow or deny a request, as <em>not true</em> + does not constitute <em>false</em>. Thus, to deny a visit using a negation, + the block must have one element that evaluates as true or false. + For example, if you have someone spamming your message + board, and you want to keep them out, you could do the + following:</p> + + <pre class="prettyprint lang-config"><RequireAll> + Require all granted + Require not ip 10.252.46.165 +</RequireAll></pre> + + + <p>Visitors coming from that address (<code>10.252.46.165</code>) + will not be able to see the content covered by this directive. If, + instead, you have a machine name, rather than an IP address, you + can use that.</p> + + <pre class="prettyprint lang-config">Require not host <var>host.example.com</var> + </pre> + + + <p>And, if you'd like to block access from an entire domain, + you can specify just part of an address or domain name:</p> + + <pre class="prettyprint lang-config">Require not ip 192.168.205 +Require not host phishers.example.com moreidiots.example +Require not host gov</pre> + + + <p>Use of the <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_authz_core.html#requireall">RequireAll</a></code>, <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_authz_core.html#requireany">RequireAny</a></code>, and <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_authz_core.html#requirenone">RequireNone</a></code> directives may be + used to enforce more complex sets of requirements.</p> + +</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div> +<div class="section"> +<h2><a name="env" id="env">Access control by arbitrary variables</a></h2> + + <p>Using the <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#if"><If></a></code>, + you can allow or deny access based on arbitrary environment + variables or request header values. For example, to deny access + based on user-agent (the browser type) you might do the + following:</p> + + <pre class="prettyprint lang-config"><If "%{HTTP_USER_AGENT} == 'BadBot'"> + Require all denied +</If></pre> + + + <p>Using the <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_authz_core.html#require">Require</a></code> + <code>expr</code> syntax, this could also be written as:</p> + + + <pre class="prettyprint lang-config">Require expr %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} != 'BadBot'</pre> + + + <div class="note"><h3>Warning:</h3> + <p>Access control by <code>User-Agent</code> is an unreliable technique, + since the <code>User-Agent</code> header can be set to anything at all, + at the whim of the end user.</p> + </div> + + <p>See <a href="../expr.html">the expressions document</a> for a + further discussion of what expression syntaxes and variables are + available to you.</p> + +</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div> +<div class="section"> +<h2><a name="rewrite" id="rewrite">Access control with mod_rewrite</a></h2> + + <p>The <code>[F]</code> <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_rewrite.html#rewriterule">RewriteRule</a></code> flag causes a 403 Forbidden + response to be sent. Using this, you can deny access to a resource based + on arbitrary criteria.</p> + + <p>For example, if you wish to block access to a resource between 8pm + and 7am, you can do this using <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_rewrite.html">mod_rewrite</a></code>.</p> + + <pre class="prettyprint lang-config">RewriteEngine On +RewriteCond "%{TIME_HOUR}" ">=20" [OR] +RewriteCond "%{TIME_HOUR}" "<07" +RewriteRule "^/fridge" "-" [F]</pre> + + + <p>This will return a 403 Forbidden response for any request after 8pm + or before 7am. This technique can be used for any criteria that you wish + to check. You can also redirect, or otherwise rewrite these requests, if + that approach is preferred.</p> + + <p>The <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#if"><If></a></code> directive, + added in 2.4, replaces many things that <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_rewrite.html">mod_rewrite</a></code> has + traditionally been used to do, and you should probably look there first + before resorting to mod_rewrite.</p> + +</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div> +<div class="section"> +<h2><a name="moreinformation" id="moreinformation">More information</a></h2> + + <p>The <a href="../expr.html">expression engine</a> gives you a + great deal of power to do a variety of things based on arbitrary + server variables, and you should consult that document for more + detail.</p> + + <p>Also, you should read the <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_authz_core.html">mod_authz_core</a></code> + documentation for examples of combining multiple access requirements + and specifying how they interact.</p> + + <p>See also the <a href="auth.html">Authentication and Authorization</a> + howto.</p> +</div></div> +<div class="bottomlang"> +<p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="../en/howto/access.html" title="English"> en </a> | +<a href="../es/howto/access.html" hreflang="es" rel="alternate" title="Español"> es </a> | +<a href="../fr/howto/access.html" hreflang="fr" rel="alternate" title="Français"> fr </a></p> +</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img src="../images/up.gif" alt="top" /></a></div><div class="section"><h2><a id="comments_section" name="comments_section">Comments</a></h2><div class="warning"><strong>Notice:</strong><br />This is not a Q&A section. Comments placed here should be pointed towards suggestions on improving the documentation or server, and may be removed again by our moderators if they are either implemented or considered invalid/off-topic. Questions on how to manage the Apache HTTP Server should be directed at either our IRC channel, #httpd, on Freenode, or sent to our <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/lists.html">mailing lists</a>.</div> +<script type="text/javascript"><!--//--><![CDATA[//><!-- +var comments_shortname = 'httpd'; +var comments_identifier = 'http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/howto/access.html'; +(function(w, d) { + if (w.location.hostname.toLowerCase() == "httpd.apache.org") { + d.write('<div id="comments_thread"><\/div>'); + var s = d.createElement('script'); + s.type = 'text/javascript'; + s.async = true; + s.src = 'https://comments.apache.org/show_comments.lua?site=' + comments_shortname + '&page=' + comments_identifier; + (d.getElementsByTagName('head')[0] || d.getElementsByTagName('body')[0]).appendChild(s); + } + else { + d.write('<div id="comments_thread">Comments are disabled for this page at the moment.<\/div>'); + } +})(window, document); +//--><!]]></script></div><div id="footer"> +<p class="apache">Copyright 2019 The Apache Software Foundation.<br />Licensed under the <a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0">Apache License, Version 2.0</a>.</p> +<p class="menu"><a href="../mod/">Modules</a> | <a href="../mod/directives.html">Directives</a> | <a href="http://wiki.apache.org/httpd/FAQ">FAQ</a> | <a href="../glossary.html">Glossary</a> | <a href="../sitemap.html">Sitemap</a></p></div><script type="text/javascript"><!--//--><![CDATA[//><!-- +if (typeof(prettyPrint) !== 'undefined') { + prettyPrint(); +} +//--><!]]></script> +</body></html>
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