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+<a href="http://www.apache.org/">Apache</a> &gt; <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/">HTTP Server</a> &gt; <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/">Documentation</a> &gt; <a href="../">Version 2.4</a> &gt; <a href="./">Modules</a></div>
+<div id="page-content">
+<div id="preamble"><h1>Apache Module mod_mime_magic</h1>
+<div class="toplang">
+<p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="../en/mod/mod_mime_magic.html" title="English">&nbsp;en&nbsp;</a> |
+<a href="../fr/mod/mod_mime_magic.html" hreflang="fr" rel="alternate" title="Français">&nbsp;fr&nbsp;</a></p>
+</div>
+<table class="module"><tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Determines the MIME type of a file
+ by looking at a few bytes of its contents</td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Extension</td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#ModuleIdentifier">Module Identifier:</a></th><td>mime_magic_module</td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#SourceFile">Source File:</a></th><td>mod_mime_magic.c</td></tr></table>
+<h3>Summary</h3>
+
+ <p>This module determines the <a class="glossarylink" href="../glossary.html#mime-type" title="see glossary">MIME
+ type</a> of files in the same way the Unix
+ <code>file(1)</code> command works: it looks at the first few
+ bytes of the file. It is intended as a "second line of defense"
+ for cases that <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_mime.html">mod_mime</a></code> can't resolve.</p>
+
+ <p>This module is derived from a free version of the
+ <code>file(1)</code> command for Unix, which uses "magic
+ numbers" and other hints from a file's contents to figure out
+ what the contents are. This module is active only if the magic
+ file is specified by the <code class="directive"><a href="#mimemagicfile">MimeMagicFile</a></code> directive.</p>
+</div>
+<div id="quickview"><a href="https://www.apache.org/foundation/contributing.html" class="badge"><img src="https://www.apache.org/images/SupportApache-small.png" alt="Support Apache!" /></a><h3>Topics</h3>
+<ul id="topics">
+<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#format">Format of the Magic File</a></li>
+<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#performance">Performance Issues</a></li>
+<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#notes">Notes</a></li>
+</ul><h3 class="directives">Directives</h3>
+<ul id="toc">
+<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#mimemagicfile">MimeMagicFile</a></li>
+</ul>
+<h3>Bugfix checklist</h3><ul class="seealso"><li><a href="https://www.apache.org/dist/httpd/CHANGES_2.4">httpd changelog</a></li><li><a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/buglist.cgi?bug_status=__open__&amp;list_id=144532&amp;product=Apache%20httpd-2&amp;query_format=specific&amp;order=changeddate%20DESC%2Cpriority%2Cbug_severity&amp;component=mod_mime_magic">Known issues</a></li><li><a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/enter_bug.cgi?product=Apache%20httpd-2&amp;component=mod_mime_magic">Report a bug</a></li></ul><h3>See also</h3>
+<ul class="seealso">
+<li><a href="#comments_section">Comments</a></li></ul></div>
+<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
+<div class="section">
+<h2><a name="format" id="format">Format of the Magic File</a></h2>
+
+ <p>The contents of the file are plain ASCII text in 4-5
+ columns. Blank lines are allowed but ignored. Commented lines
+ use a hash mark (<code>#</code>). The remaining lines are parsed for
+ the following columns:</p>
+
+ <table class="bordered"><tr class="header"><th>Column</th><th>Description</th></tr>
+<tr><td>1</td>
+ <td>byte number to begin checking from<br />
+ "<code>&gt;</code>" indicates a dependency upon the previous
+ non-"<code>&gt;</code>" line</td></tr>
+<tr class="odd"><td>2</td>
+ <td><p>type of data to match</p>
+ <table class="bordered">
+
+ <tr><td><code>byte</code></td>
+ <td>single character</td></tr>
+ <tr><td><code>short</code></td>
+ <td>machine-order 16-bit integer</td></tr>
+ <tr><td><code>long</code></td>
+ <td>machine-order 32-bit integer</td></tr>
+ <tr><td><code>string</code></td>
+ <td>arbitrary-length string</td></tr>
+ <tr><td><code>date</code></td>
+ <td>long integer date (seconds since Unix epoch/1970)</td></tr>
+ <tr><td><code>beshort</code></td>
+ <td>big-endian 16-bit integer</td></tr>
+ <tr><td><code>belong</code></td>
+ <td>big-endian 32-bit integer</td></tr>
+ <tr><td><code>bedate</code></td>
+ <td>big-endian 32-bit integer date</td></tr>
+ <tr><td><code>leshort</code></td>
+ <td>little-endian 16-bit integer</td></tr>
+ <tr><td><code>lelong</code></td>
+ <td>little-endian 32-bit integer</td></tr>
+ <tr><td><code>ledate</code></td>
+ <td>little-endian 32-bit integer date</td></tr>
+ </table></td></tr>
+<tr><td>3</td>
+ <td>contents of data to match</td></tr>
+<tr class="odd"><td>4</td>
+ <td>MIME type if matched</td></tr>
+<tr><td>5</td>
+ <td>MIME encoding if matched (optional)</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+ <p>For example, the following magic file lines would recognize
+ some audio formats:</p>
+
+ <div class="example"><pre># Sun/NeXT audio data
+0 string .snd
+&gt;12 belong 1 audio/basic
+&gt;12 belong 2 audio/basic
+&gt;12 belong 3 audio/basic
+&gt;12 belong 4 audio/basic
+&gt;12 belong 5 audio/basic
+&gt;12 belong 6 audio/basic
+&gt;12 belong 7 audio/basic
+&gt;12 belong 23 audio/x-adpcm</pre></div>
+
+ <p>Or these would recognize the difference between <code>*.doc</code>
+ files containing Microsoft Word or FrameMaker documents. (These are
+ incompatible file formats which use the same file suffix.)</p>
+
+ <div class="example"><pre># Frame
+0 string \&lt;MakerFile application/x-frame
+0 string \&lt;MIFFile application/x-frame
+0 string \&lt;MakerDictionary application/x-frame
+0 string \&lt;MakerScreenFon application/x-frame
+0 string \&lt;MML application/x-frame
+0 string \&lt;Book application/x-frame
+0 string \&lt;Maker application/x-frame
+
+# MS-Word
+0 string \376\067\0\043 application/msword
+0 string \320\317\021\340\241\261 application/msword
+0 string \333\245-\0\0\0 application/msword</pre></div>
+
+ <p>An optional MIME encoding can be included as a fifth column.
+ For example, this can recognize gzipped files and set the
+ encoding for them.</p>
+
+ <div class="example"><pre># gzip (GNU zip, not to be confused with
+# [Info-ZIP/PKWARE] zip archiver)
+
+0 string \037\213 application/octet-stream x-gzip</pre></div>
+</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
+<div class="section">
+<h2><a name="performance" id="performance">Performance Issues</a></h2>
+ <p>This module is not for every system. If your system is barely
+ keeping up with its load or if you're performing a web server
+ benchmark, you may not want to enable this because the
+ processing is not free.</p>
+
+ <p>However, an effort was made to improve the performance of
+ the original <code>file(1)</code> code to make it fit in a busy web
+ server. It was designed for a server where there are thousands of users
+ who publish their own documents. This is probably very common
+ on intranets. Many times, it's helpful if the server can make
+ more intelligent decisions about a file's contents than the
+ file name allows ...even if just to reduce the "why doesn't my
+ page work" calls when users improperly name their own files.
+ You have to decide if the extra work suits your
+ environment.</p>
+</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
+<div class="section">
+<h2><a name="notes" id="notes">Notes</a></h2>
+ <p>The following notes apply to the <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_mime_magic.html">mod_mime_magic</a></code>
+ module and are included here for compliance with contributors'
+ copyright restrictions that require their acknowledgment.</p>
+
+ <div class="note">
+ <p>mod_mime_magic: MIME type lookup via file magic numbers<br />
+ Copyright (c) 1996-1997 Cisco Systems, Inc.</p>
+
+ <p>This software was submitted by Cisco Systems to the Apache Group
+ in July 1997. Future revisions and derivatives of this source code
+ must acknowledge Cisco Systems as the original contributor of this
+ module. All other licensing and usage conditions are those of the
+ Apache Group.</p>
+
+ <p>Some of this code is derived from the free version of the file
+ command originally posted to comp.sources.unix. Copyright info for
+ that program is included below as required.</p>
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="note">
+ <p> - Copyright (c) Ian F. Darwin, 1987. Written by Ian F. Darwin.</p>
+
+ <p>This software is not subject to any license of the American
+ Telephone and Telegraph Company or of the Regents of the University
+ of California.</p>
+
+ <p>Permission is granted to anyone to use this software for any
+ purpose on any computer system, and to alter it and redistribute it
+ freely, subject to the following restrictions:</p>
+
+ <ol>
+ <li>The author is not responsible for the consequences of use of
+ this software, no matter how awful, even if they arise from flaws
+ in it.</li>
+
+ <li>The origin of this software must not be misrepresented, either
+ by explicit claim or by omission. Since few users ever read
+ sources, credits must appear in the documentation.</li>
+
+ <li>Altered versions must be plainly marked as such, and must not
+ be misrepresented as being the original software. Since few users
+ ever read sources, credits must appear in the documentation.</li>
+
+ <li>This notice may not be removed or altered.</li>
+ </ol>
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="note">
+ <p>For compliance with Mr Darwin's terms: this has been very
+ significantly modified from the free "file" command.</p>
+
+ <ul>
+ <li>all-in-one file for compilation convenience when moving from
+ one version of Apache to the next.</li>
+
+ <li>Memory allocation is done through the Apache API's pool
+ structure.</li>
+
+ <li>All functions have had necessary Apache API request or server
+ structures passed to them where necessary to call other Apache API
+ routines. (<em>i.e.</em>, usually for logging, files, or memory
+ allocation in itself or a called function.)</li>
+
+ <li>struct magic has been converted from an array to a single-ended
+ linked list because it only grows one record at a time, it's only
+ accessed sequentially, and the Apache API has no equivalent of
+ <code>realloc()</code>.</li>
+
+ <li>Functions have been changed to get their parameters from the
+ server configuration instead of globals. (It should be reentrant
+ now but has not been tested in a threaded environment.)</li>
+
+ <li>Places where it used to print results to stdout now saves them
+ in a list where they're used to set the MIME type in the Apache
+ request record.</li>
+
+ <li>Command-line flags have been removed since they will never be
+ used here.</li>
+ </ul>
+ </div>
+</div>
+<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
+<div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="MimeMagicFile" id="MimeMagicFile">MimeMagicFile</a> <a name="mimemagicfile" id="mimemagicfile">Directive</a></h2>
+<table class="directive">
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Enable MIME-type determination based on file contents
+using the specified magic file</td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>MimeMagicFile <var>file-path</var></code></td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config, virtual host</td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Extension</td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_mime_magic</td></tr>
+</table>
+ <p>The <code class="directive">MimeMagicFile</code> directive can be used to
+ enable this module, the default file is distributed at
+ <code>conf/magic</code>. Non-rooted paths are relative to the
+ <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#serverroot">ServerRoot</a></code>. Virtual hosts will use
+ the same file as the main server unless a more specific setting is
+ used, in which case the more specific setting overrides the main
+ server's file.</p>
+
+ <div class="example"><h3>Example</h3><pre class="prettyprint lang-config">MimeMagicFile conf/magic</pre>
+</div>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="bottomlang">
+<p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="../en/mod/mod_mime_magic.html" title="English">&nbsp;en&nbsp;</a> |
+<a href="../fr/mod/mod_mime_magic.html" hreflang="fr" rel="alternate" title="Français">&nbsp;fr&nbsp;</a></p>
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