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authorDaniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org>2024-05-05 18:37:14 +0000
committerDaniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org>2024-05-05 18:37:14 +0000
commitea648e70a989cca190cd7403fe892fd2dcc290b4 (patch)
treee2b6b1c647da68b0d4d66082835e256eb30970e8 /bin/dnssec/dnssec-signzone.html
parentInitial commit. (diff)
downloadbind9-ea648e70a989cca190cd7403fe892fd2dcc290b4.tar.xz
bind9-ea648e70a989cca190cd7403fe892fd2dcc290b4.zip
Adding upstream version 1:9.11.5.P4+dfsg.upstream/1%9.11.5.P4+dfsgupstream
Signed-off-by: Daniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org>
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+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
+<!--
+ - Copyright (C) 2000-2009, 2011-2019 Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC")
+ -
+ - This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
+ - License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
+ - file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
+-->
+<html lang="en">
+<head>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1">
+<title>dnssec-signzone</title>
+<meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.78.1">
+</head>
+<body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF"><div class="refentry">
+<a name="man.dnssec-signzone"></a><div class="titlepage"></div>
+
+
+
+
+
+ <div class="refnamediv">
+<h2>Name</h2>
+<p>
+ <span class="application">dnssec-signzone</span>
+ &#8212; DNSSEC zone signing tool
+ </p>
+</div>
+
+
+
+ <div class="refsynopsisdiv">
+<h2>Synopsis</h2>
+ <div class="cmdsynopsis"><p>
+ <code class="command">dnssec-signzone</code>
+ [<code class="option">-a</code>]
+ [<code class="option">-c <em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em></code>]
+ [<code class="option">-d <em class="replaceable"><code>directory</code></em></code>]
+ [<code class="option">-D</code>]
+ [<code class="option">-E <em class="replaceable"><code>engine</code></em></code>]
+ [<code class="option">-e <em class="replaceable"><code>end-time</code></em></code>]
+ [<code class="option">-f <em class="replaceable"><code>output-file</code></em></code>]
+ [<code class="option">-g</code>]
+ [<code class="option">-h</code>]
+ [<code class="option">-i <em class="replaceable"><code>interval</code></em></code>]
+ [<code class="option">-I <em class="replaceable"><code>input-format</code></em></code>]
+ [<code class="option">-j <em class="replaceable"><code>jitter</code></em></code>]
+ [<code class="option">-K <em class="replaceable"><code>directory</code></em></code>]
+ [<code class="option">-k <em class="replaceable"><code>key</code></em></code>]
+ [<code class="option">-L <em class="replaceable"><code>serial</code></em></code>]
+ [<code class="option">-l <em class="replaceable"><code>domain</code></em></code>]
+ [<code class="option">-M <em class="replaceable"><code>maxttl</code></em></code>]
+ [<code class="option">-N <em class="replaceable"><code>soa-serial-format</code></em></code>]
+ [<code class="option">-o <em class="replaceable"><code>origin</code></em></code>]
+ [<code class="option">-O <em class="replaceable"><code>output-format</code></em></code>]
+ [<code class="option">-P</code>]
+ [<code class="option">-p</code>]
+ [<code class="option">-Q</code>]
+ [<code class="option">-R</code>]
+ [<code class="option">-r <em class="replaceable"><code>randomdev</code></em></code>]
+ [<code class="option">-S</code>]
+ [<code class="option">-s <em class="replaceable"><code>start-time</code></em></code>]
+ [<code class="option">-T <em class="replaceable"><code>ttl</code></em></code>]
+ [<code class="option">-t</code>]
+ [<code class="option">-u</code>]
+ [<code class="option">-v <em class="replaceable"><code>level</code></em></code>]
+ [<code class="option">-V</code>]
+ [<code class="option">-X <em class="replaceable"><code>extended end-time</code></em></code>]
+ [<code class="option">-x</code>]
+ [<code class="option">-z</code>]
+ [<code class="option">-3 <em class="replaceable"><code>salt</code></em></code>]
+ [<code class="option">-H <em class="replaceable"><code>iterations</code></em></code>]
+ [<code class="option">-A</code>]
+ {zonefile}
+ [key...]
+ </p></div>
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="refsection">
+<a name="id-1.7"></a><h2>DESCRIPTION</h2>
+
+ <p><span class="command"><strong>dnssec-signzone</strong></span>
+ signs a zone. It generates
+ NSEC and RRSIG records and produces a signed version of the
+ zone. The security status of delegations from the signed zone
+ (that is, whether the child zones are secure or not) is
+ determined by the presence or absence of a
+ <code class="filename">keyset</code> file for each child zone.
+ </p>
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="refsection">
+<a name="id-1.8"></a><h2>OPTIONS</h2>
+
+
+ <div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist">
+<dt><span class="term">-a</span></dt>
+<dd>
+ <p>
+ Verify all generated signatures.
+ </p>
+ </dd>
+<dt><span class="term">-c <em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em></span></dt>
+<dd>
+ <p>
+ Specifies the DNS class of the zone.
+ </p>
+ </dd>
+<dt><span class="term">-C</span></dt>
+<dd>
+ <p>
+ Compatibility mode: Generate a
+ <code class="filename">keyset-<em class="replaceable"><code>zonename</code></em></code>
+ file in addition to
+ <code class="filename">dsset-<em class="replaceable"><code>zonename</code></em></code>
+ when signing a zone, for use by older versions of
+ <span class="command"><strong>dnssec-signzone</strong></span>.
+ </p>
+ </dd>
+<dt><span class="term">-d <em class="replaceable"><code>directory</code></em></span></dt>
+<dd>
+ <p>
+ Look for <code class="filename">dsset-</code> or
+ <code class="filename">keyset-</code> files in <code class="option">directory</code>.
+ </p>
+ </dd>
+<dt><span class="term">-D</span></dt>
+<dd>
+ <p>
+ Output only those record types automatically managed by
+ <span class="command"><strong>dnssec-signzone</strong></span>, i.e. RRSIG, NSEC,
+ NSEC3 and NSEC3PARAM records. If smart signing
+ (<code class="option">-S</code>) is used, DNSKEY records are also
+ included. The resulting file can be included in the original
+ zone file with <span class="command"><strong>$INCLUDE</strong></span>. This option
+ cannot be combined with <code class="option">-O raw</code>,
+ <code class="option">-O map</code>, or serial number updating.
+ </p>
+ </dd>
+<dt><span class="term">-E <em class="replaceable"><code>engine</code></em></span></dt>
+<dd>
+ <p>
+ When applicable, specifies the hardware to use for
+ cryptographic operations, such as a secure key store used
+ for signing.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ When BIND is built with OpenSSL PKCS#11 support, this defaults
+ to the string "pkcs11", which identifies an OpenSSL engine
+ that can drive a cryptographic accelerator or hardware service
+ module. When BIND is built with native PKCS#11 cryptography
+ (--enable-native-pkcs11), it defaults to the path of the PKCS#11
+ provider library specified via "--with-pkcs11".
+ </p>
+ </dd>
+<dt><span class="term">-g</span></dt>
+<dd>
+ <p>
+ Generate DS records for child zones from
+ <code class="filename">dsset-</code> or <code class="filename">keyset-</code>
+ file. Existing DS records will be removed.
+ </p>
+ </dd>
+<dt><span class="term">-K <em class="replaceable"><code>directory</code></em></span></dt>
+<dd>
+ <p>
+ Key repository: Specify a directory to search for DNSSEC keys.
+ If not specified, defaults to the current directory.
+ </p>
+ </dd>
+<dt><span class="term">-k <em class="replaceable"><code>key</code></em></span></dt>
+<dd>
+ <p>
+ Treat specified key as a key signing key ignoring any
+ key flags. This option may be specified multiple times.
+ </p>
+ </dd>
+<dt><span class="term">-l <em class="replaceable"><code>domain</code></em></span></dt>
+<dd>
+ <p>
+ Generate a DLV set in addition to the key (DNSKEY) and DS sets.
+ The domain is appended to the name of the records.
+ </p>
+ </dd>
+<dt><span class="term">-M <em class="replaceable"><code>maxttl</code></em></span></dt>
+<dd>
+ <p>
+ Sets the maximum TTL for the signed zone.
+ Any TTL higher than <em class="replaceable"><code>maxttl</code></em> in the
+ input zone will be reduced to <em class="replaceable"><code>maxttl</code></em>
+ in the output. This provides certainty as to the largest
+ possible TTL in the signed zone, which is useful to know when
+ rolling keys because it is the longest possible time before
+ signatures that have been retrieved by resolvers will expire
+ from resolver caches. Zones that are signed with this
+ option should be configured to use a matching
+ <code class="option">max-zone-ttl</code> in <code class="filename">named.conf</code>.
+ (Note: This option is incompatible with <code class="option">-D</code>,
+ because it modifies non-DNSSEC data in the output zone.)
+ </p>
+ </dd>
+<dt><span class="term">-s <em class="replaceable"><code>start-time</code></em></span></dt>
+<dd>
+ <p>
+ Specify the date and time when the generated RRSIG records
+ become valid. This can be either an absolute or relative
+ time. An absolute start time is indicated by a number
+ in YYYYMMDDHHMMSS notation; 20000530144500 denotes
+ 14:45:00 UTC on May 30th, 2000. A relative start time is
+ indicated by +N, which is N seconds from the current time.
+ If no <code class="option">start-time</code> is specified, the current
+ time minus 1 hour (to allow for clock skew) is used.
+ </p>
+ </dd>
+<dt><span class="term">-e <em class="replaceable"><code>end-time</code></em></span></dt>
+<dd>
+ <p>
+ Specify the date and time when the generated RRSIG records
+ expire. As with <code class="option">start-time</code>, an absolute
+ time is indicated in YYYYMMDDHHMMSS notation. A time relative
+ to the start time is indicated with +N, which is N seconds from
+ the start time. A time relative to the current time is
+ indicated with now+N. If no <code class="option">end-time</code> is
+ specified, 30 days from the start time is used as a default.
+ <code class="option">end-time</code> must be later than
+ <code class="option">start-time</code>.
+ </p>
+ </dd>
+<dt><span class="term">-X <em class="replaceable"><code>extended end-time</code></em></span></dt>
+<dd>
+ <p>
+ Specify the date and time when the generated RRSIG records
+ for the DNSKEY RRset will expire. This is to be used in cases
+ when the DNSKEY signatures need to persist longer than
+ signatures on other records; e.g., when the private component
+ of the KSK is kept offline and the KSK signature is to be
+ refreshed manually.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ As with <code class="option">start-time</code>, an absolute
+ time is indicated in YYYYMMDDHHMMSS notation. A time relative
+ to the start time is indicated with +N, which is N seconds from
+ the start time. A time relative to the current time is
+ indicated with now+N. If no <code class="option">extended end-time</code> is
+ specified, the value of <code class="option">end-time</code> is used as
+ the default. (<code class="option">end-time</code>, in turn, defaults to
+ 30 days from the start time.) <code class="option">extended end-time</code>
+ must be later than <code class="option">start-time</code>.
+ </p>
+ </dd>
+<dt><span class="term">-f <em class="replaceable"><code>output-file</code></em></span></dt>
+<dd>
+ <p>
+ The name of the output file containing the signed zone. The
+ default is to append <code class="filename">.signed</code> to
+ the input filename. If <code class="option">output-file</code> is
+ set to <code class="literal">"-"</code>, then the signed zone is
+ written to the standard output, with a default output
+ format of "full".
+ </p>
+ </dd>
+<dt><span class="term">-h</span></dt>
+<dd>
+ <p>
+ Prints a short summary of the options and arguments to
+ <span class="command"><strong>dnssec-signzone</strong></span>.
+ </p>
+ </dd>
+<dt><span class="term">-V</span></dt>
+<dd>
+ <p>
+ Prints version information.
+ </p>
+ </dd>
+<dt><span class="term">-i <em class="replaceable"><code>interval</code></em></span></dt>
+<dd>
+ <p>
+ When a previously-signed zone is passed as input, records
+ may be resigned. The <code class="option">interval</code> option
+ specifies the cycle interval as an offset from the current
+ time (in seconds). If a RRSIG record expires after the
+ cycle interval, it is retained. Otherwise, it is considered
+ to be expiring soon, and it will be replaced.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ The default cycle interval is one quarter of the difference
+ between the signature end and start times. So if neither
+ <code class="option">end-time</code> or <code class="option">start-time</code>
+ are specified, <span class="command"><strong>dnssec-signzone</strong></span>
+ generates
+ signatures that are valid for 30 days, with a cycle
+ interval of 7.5 days. Therefore, if any existing RRSIG records
+ are due to expire in less than 7.5 days, they would be
+ replaced.
+ </p>
+ </dd>
+<dt><span class="term">-I <em class="replaceable"><code>input-format</code></em></span></dt>
+<dd>
+ <p>
+ The format of the input zone file.
+ Possible formats are <span class="command"><strong>"text"</strong></span> (default),
+ <span class="command"><strong>"raw"</strong></span>, and <span class="command"><strong>"map"</strong></span>.
+ This option is primarily intended to be used for dynamic
+ signed zones so that the dumped zone file in a non-text
+ format containing updates can be signed directly.
+ The use of this option does not make much sense for
+ non-dynamic zones.
+ </p>
+ </dd>
+<dt><span class="term">-j <em class="replaceable"><code>jitter</code></em></span></dt>
+<dd>
+ <p>
+ When signing a zone with a fixed signature lifetime, all
+ RRSIG records issued at the time of signing expires
+ simultaneously. If the zone is incrementally signed, i.e.
+ a previously-signed zone is passed as input to the signer,
+ all expired signatures have to be regenerated at about the
+ same time. The <code class="option">jitter</code> option specifies a
+ jitter window that will be used to randomize the signature
+ expire time, thus spreading incremental signature
+ regeneration over time.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ Signature lifetime jitter also to some extent benefits
+ validators and servers by spreading out cache expiration,
+ i.e. if large numbers of RRSIGs don't expire at the same time
+ from all caches there will be less congestion than if all
+ validators need to refetch at mostly the same time.
+ </p>
+ </dd>
+<dt><span class="term">-L <em class="replaceable"><code>serial</code></em></span></dt>
+<dd>
+ <p>
+ When writing a signed zone to "raw" or "map" format, set the
+ "source serial" value in the header to the specified serial
+ number. (This is expected to be used primarily for testing
+ purposes.)
+ </p>
+ </dd>
+<dt><span class="term">-n <em class="replaceable"><code>ncpus</code></em></span></dt>
+<dd>
+ <p>
+ Specifies the number of threads to use. By default, one
+ thread is started for each detected CPU.
+ </p>
+ </dd>
+<dt><span class="term">-N <em class="replaceable"><code>soa-serial-format</code></em></span></dt>
+<dd>
+ <p>
+ The SOA serial number format of the signed zone.
+ Possible formats are <span class="command"><strong>"keep"</strong></span> (default),
+ <span class="command"><strong>"increment"</strong></span>, <span class="command"><strong>"unixtime"</strong></span>,
+ and <span class="command"><strong>"date"</strong></span>.
+ </p>
+
+ <div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist">
+<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>"keep"</strong></span></span></dt>
+<dd>
+ <p>Do not modify the SOA serial number.</p>
+ </dd>
+<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>"increment"</strong></span></span></dt>
+<dd>
+ <p>Increment the SOA serial number using RFC 1982
+ arithmetics.</p>
+ </dd>
+<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>"unixtime"</strong></span></span></dt>
+<dd>
+ <p>Set the SOA serial number to the number of seconds
+ since epoch.</p>
+ </dd>
+<dt><span class="term"><span class="command"><strong>"date"</strong></span></span></dt>
+<dd>
+ <p>Set the SOA serial number to today's date in
+ YYYYMMDDNN format.</p>
+ </dd>
+</dl></div>
+
+ </dd>
+<dt><span class="term">-o <em class="replaceable"><code>origin</code></em></span></dt>
+<dd>
+ <p>
+ The zone origin. If not specified, the name of the zone file
+ is assumed to be the origin.
+ </p>
+ </dd>
+<dt><span class="term">-O <em class="replaceable"><code>output-format</code></em></span></dt>
+<dd>
+ <p>
+ The format of the output file containing the signed zone.
+ Possible formats are <span class="command"><strong>"text"</strong></span> (default),
+ which is the standard textual representation of the zone;
+ <span class="command"><strong>"full"</strong></span>, which is text output in a
+ format suitable for processing by external scripts;
+ and <span class="command"><strong>"map"</strong></span>, <span class="command"><strong>"raw"</strong></span>,
+ and <span class="command"><strong>"raw=N"</strong></span>, which store the zone in
+ binary formats for rapid loading by <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span>.
+ <span class="command"><strong>"raw=N"</strong></span> specifies the format version of
+ the raw zone file: if N is 0, the raw file can be read by
+ any version of <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span>; if N is 1, the file
+ can be read by release 9.9.0 or higher; the default is 1.
+ </p>
+ </dd>
+<dt><span class="term">-p</span></dt>
+<dd>
+ <p>
+ Use pseudo-random data when signing the zone. This is faster,
+ but less secure, than using real random data. This option
+ may be useful when signing large zones or when the entropy
+ source is limited.
+ </p>
+ </dd>
+<dt><span class="term">-P</span></dt>
+<dd>
+ <p>
+ Disable post sign verification tests.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ The post sign verification test ensures that for each algorithm
+ in use there is at least one non revoked self signed KSK key,
+ that all revoked KSK keys are self signed, and that all records
+ in the zone are signed by the algorithm.
+ This option skips these tests.
+ </p>
+ </dd>
+<dt><span class="term">-Q</span></dt>
+<dd>
+ <p>
+ Remove signatures from keys that are no longer active.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ Normally, when a previously-signed zone is passed as input
+ to the signer, and a DNSKEY record has been removed and
+ replaced with a new one, signatures from the old key
+ that are still within their validity period are retained.
+ This allows the zone to continue to validate with cached
+ copies of the old DNSKEY RRset. The <code class="option">-Q</code>
+ forces <span class="command"><strong>dnssec-signzone</strong></span> to remove
+ signatures from keys that are no longer active. This
+ enables ZSK rollover using the procedure described in
+ RFC 4641, section 4.2.1.1 ("Pre-Publish Key Rollover").
+ </p>
+ </dd>
+<dt><span class="term">-R</span></dt>
+<dd>
+ <p>
+ Remove signatures from keys that are no longer published.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ This option is similar to <code class="option">-Q</code>, except it
+ forces <span class="command"><strong>dnssec-signzone</strong></span> to signatures from
+ keys that are no longer published. This enables ZSK rollover
+ using the procedure described in RFC 4641, section 4.2.1.2
+ ("Double Signature Zone Signing Key Rollover").
+ </p>
+ </dd>
+<dt><span class="term">-r <em class="replaceable"><code>randomdev</code></em></span></dt>
+<dd>
+ <p>
+ Specifies the source of randomness. If the operating
+ system does not provide a <code class="filename">/dev/random</code>
+ or equivalent device, the default source of randomness
+ is keyboard input. <code class="filename">randomdev</code>
+ specifies
+ the name of a character device or file containing random
+ data to be used instead of the default. The special value
+ <code class="filename">keyboard</code> indicates that keyboard
+ input should be used.
+ </p>
+ </dd>
+<dt><span class="term">-S</span></dt>
+<dd>
+ <p>
+ Smart signing: Instructs <span class="command"><strong>dnssec-signzone</strong></span> to
+ search the key repository for keys that match the zone being
+ signed, and to include them in the zone if appropriate.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ When a key is found, its timing metadata is examined to
+ determine how it should be used, according to the following
+ rules. Each successive rule takes priority over the prior
+ ones:
+ </p>
+ <div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist">
+<dt></dt>
+<dd>
+ <p>
+ If no timing metadata has been set for the key, the key is
+ published in the zone and used to sign the zone.
+ </p>
+ </dd>
+<dt></dt>
+<dd>
+ <p>
+ If the key's publication date is set and is in the past, the
+ key is published in the zone.
+ </p>
+ </dd>
+<dt></dt>
+<dd>
+ <p>
+ If the key's activation date is set and in the past, the
+ key is published (regardless of publication date) and
+ used to sign the zone.
+ </p>
+ </dd>
+<dt></dt>
+<dd>
+ <p>
+ If the key's revocation date is set and in the past, and the
+ key is published, then the key is revoked, and the revoked key
+ is used to sign the zone.
+ </p>
+ </dd>
+<dt></dt>
+<dd>
+ <p>
+ If either of the key's unpublication or deletion dates are set
+ and in the past, the key is NOT published or used to sign the
+ zone, regardless of any other metadata.
+ </p>
+ </dd>
+</dl></div>
+ </dd>
+<dt><span class="term">-T <em class="replaceable"><code>ttl</code></em></span></dt>
+<dd>
+ <p>
+ Specifies a TTL to be used for new DNSKEY records imported
+ into the zone from the key repository. If not
+ specified, the default is the TTL value from the zone's SOA
+ record. This option is ignored when signing without
+ <code class="option">-S</code>, since DNSKEY records are not imported
+ from the key repository in that case. It is also ignored if
+ there are any pre-existing DNSKEY records at the zone apex,
+ in which case new records' TTL values will be set to match
+ them, or if any of the imported DNSKEY records had a default
+ TTL value. In the event of a a conflict between TTL values in
+ imported keys, the shortest one is used.
+ </p>
+ </dd>
+<dt><span class="term">-t</span></dt>
+<dd>
+ <p>
+ Print statistics at completion.
+ </p>
+ </dd>
+<dt><span class="term">-u</span></dt>
+<dd>
+ <p>
+ Update NSEC/NSEC3 chain when re-signing a previously signed
+ zone. With this option, a zone signed with NSEC can be
+ switched to NSEC3, or a zone signed with NSEC3 can
+ be switch to NSEC or to NSEC3 with different parameters.
+ Without this option, <span class="command"><strong>dnssec-signzone</strong></span> will
+ retain the existing chain when re-signing.
+ </p>
+ </dd>
+<dt><span class="term">-v <em class="replaceable"><code>level</code></em></span></dt>
+<dd>
+ <p>
+ Sets the debugging level.
+ </p>
+ </dd>
+<dt><span class="term">-x</span></dt>
+<dd>
+ <p>
+ Only sign the DNSKEY RRset with key-signing keys, and omit
+ signatures from zone-signing keys. (This is similar to the
+ <span class="command"><strong>dnssec-dnskey-kskonly yes;</strong></span> zone option in
+ <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span>.)
+ </p>
+ </dd>
+<dt><span class="term">-z</span></dt>
+<dd>
+ <p>
+ Ignore KSK flag on key when determining what to sign. This
+ causes KSK-flagged keys to sign all records, not just the
+ DNSKEY RRset. (This is similar to the
+ <span class="command"><strong>update-check-ksk no;</strong></span> zone option in
+ <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span>.)
+ </p>
+ </dd>
+<dt><span class="term">-3 <em class="replaceable"><code>salt</code></em></span></dt>
+<dd>
+ <p>
+ Generate an NSEC3 chain with the given hex encoded salt.
+ A dash (<em class="replaceable"><code>salt</code></em>) can
+ be used to indicate that no salt is to be used when generating the NSEC3 chain.
+ </p>
+ </dd>
+<dt><span class="term">-H <em class="replaceable"><code>iterations</code></em></span></dt>
+<dd>
+ <p>
+ When generating an NSEC3 chain, use this many iterations. The
+ default is 10.
+ </p>
+ </dd>
+<dt><span class="term">-A</span></dt>
+<dd>
+ <p>
+ When generating an NSEC3 chain set the OPTOUT flag on all
+ NSEC3 records and do not generate NSEC3 records for insecure
+ delegations.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ Using this option twice (i.e., <code class="option">-AA</code>)
+ turns the OPTOUT flag off for all records. This is useful
+ when using the <code class="option">-u</code> option to modify an NSEC3
+ chain which previously had OPTOUT set.
+ </p>
+ </dd>
+<dt><span class="term">zonefile</span></dt>
+<dd>
+ <p>
+ The file containing the zone to be signed.
+ </p>
+ </dd>
+<dt><span class="term">key</span></dt>
+<dd>
+ <p>
+ Specify which keys should be used to sign the zone. If
+ no keys are specified, then the zone will be examined
+ for DNSKEY records at the zone apex. If these are found and
+ there are matching private keys, in the current directory,
+ then these will be used for signing.
+ </p>
+ </dd>
+</dl></div>
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="refsection">
+<a name="id-1.9"></a><h2>EXAMPLE</h2>
+
+ <p>
+ The following command signs the <strong class="userinput"><code>example.com</code></strong>
+ zone with the DSA key generated by <span class="command"><strong>dnssec-keygen</strong></span>
+ (Kexample.com.+003+17247). Because the <span class="command"><strong>-S</strong></span> option
+ is not being used, the zone's keys must be in the master file
+ (<code class="filename">db.example.com</code>). This invocation looks
+ for <code class="filename">dsset</code> files, in the current directory,
+ so that DS records can be imported from them (<span class="command"><strong>-g</strong></span>).
+ </p>
+<pre class="programlisting">% dnssec-signzone -g -o example.com db.example.com \
+Kexample.com.+003+17247
+db.example.com.signed
+%</pre>
+ <p>
+ In the above example, <span class="command"><strong>dnssec-signzone</strong></span> creates
+ the file <code class="filename">db.example.com.signed</code>. This
+ file should be referenced in a zone statement in a
+ <code class="filename">named.conf</code> file.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ This example re-signs a previously signed zone with default parameters.
+ The private keys are assumed to be in the current directory.
+ </p>
+<pre class="programlisting">% cp db.example.com.signed db.example.com
+% dnssec-signzone -o example.com db.example.com
+db.example.com.signed
+%</pre>
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="refsection">
+<a name="id-1.10"></a><h2>SEE ALSO</h2>
+
+ <p><span class="citerefentry">
+ <span class="refentrytitle">dnssec-keygen</span>(8)
+ </span>,
+ <em class="citetitle">BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual</em>,
+ <em class="citetitle">RFC 4033</em>, <em class="citetitle">RFC 4641</em>.
+ </p>
+ </div>
+
+</div></body>
+</html>