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It can also be a dotted-decimal IPv4 address or a colon-delimited + IPv6 address, in which case <span class="command"><strong>host</strong></span> will by + default + perform a reverse lookup for that address. + <em class="parameter"><code>server</code></em> is an optional argument which + is either + the name or IP address of the name server that <span class="command"><strong>host</strong></span> + should query instead of the server or servers listed in + <code class="filename">/etc/resolv.conf</code>. + </p> + + </div> + + <div class="refsection"> +<a name="id-1.14.4.8"></a><h2>OPTIONS</h2> + + <div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist"> +<dt><span class="term">-4</span></dt> +<dd> + <p> + Use IPv4 only for query transport. + See also the <code class="option">-6</code> option. + </p> + </dd> +<dt><span class="term">-6</span></dt> +<dd> + <p> + Use IPv6 only for query transport. + See also the <code class="option">-4</code> option. + </p> + </dd> +<dt><span class="term">-a</span></dt> +<dd> + <p> + "All". The <code class="option">-a</code> option is normally equivalent + to <code class="option">-v -t <code class="literal">ANY</code></code>. + It also affects the behaviour of the <code class="option">-l</code> + list zone option. + </p> + </dd> +<dt><span class="term">-c <em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em></span></dt> +<dd> + <p> + Query class: This can be used to lookup HS (Hesiod) or CH + (Chaosnet) class resource records. The default class is IN + (Internet). + </p> + </dd> +<dt><span class="term">-C</span></dt> +<dd> + <p> + Check consistency: <span class="command"><strong>host</strong></span> will query the + SOA records for zone <em class="parameter"><code>name</code></em> from all + the listed authoritative name servers for that zone. The + list of name servers is defined by the NS records that are + found for the zone. + </p> + </dd> +<dt><span class="term">-d</span></dt> +<dd> + <p> + Print debugging traces. + Equivalent to the <code class="option">-v</code> verbose option. + </p> + </dd> +<dt><span class="term">-i</span></dt> +<dd> + <p> + Obsolete. + Use the IP6.INT domain for reverse lookups of IPv6 + addresses as defined in RFC1886 and deprecated in RFC4159. + The default is to use IP6.ARPA as specified in RFC3596. + </p> + </dd> +<dt><span class="term">-l</span></dt> +<dd> + <p> + List zone: + The <span class="command"><strong>host</strong></span> command performs a zone transfer of + zone <em class="parameter"><code>name</code></em> and prints out the NS, + PTR and address records (A/AAAA). + </p> + <p> + Together, the <code class="option">-l -a</code> + options print all records in the zone. + </p> + </dd> +<dt><span class="term">-N <em class="replaceable"><code>ndots</code></em></span></dt> +<dd> + <p> + The number of dots that have to be + in <em class="parameter"><code>name</code></em> for it to be considered + absolute. The default value is that defined using the + ndots statement in <code class="filename">/etc/resolv.conf</code>, + or 1 if no ndots statement is present. Names with fewer + dots are interpreted as relative names and will be + searched for in the domains listed in + the <span class="type">search</span> or <span class="type">domain</span> directive + in <code class="filename">/etc/resolv.conf</code>. + </p> + </dd> +<dt><span class="term">-r</span></dt> +<dd> + <p> + Non-recursive query: + Setting this option clears the RD (recursion desired) bit + in the query. This should mean that the name server + receiving the query will not attempt to + resolve <em class="parameter"><code>name</code></em>. + The <code class="option">-r</code> option + enables <span class="command"><strong>host</strong></span> to mimic the behavior of a + name server by making non-recursive queries and expecting + to receive answers to those queries that can be + referrals to other name servers. + </p> + </dd> +<dt><span class="term">-R <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em></span></dt> +<dd> + <p> + Number of retries for UDP queries: + If <em class="parameter"><code>number</code></em> is negative or zero, the + number of retries will default to 1. The default value is + 1, or the value of the <em class="parameter"><code>attempts</code></em> + option in <code class="filename">/etc/resolv.conf</code>, if set. + </p> + </dd> +<dt><span class="term">-s</span></dt> +<dd> + <p> + Do <span class="emphasis"><em>not</em></span> send the query to the next + nameserver if any server responds with a SERVFAIL + response, which is the reverse of normal stub resolver + behavior. + </p> + </dd> +<dt><span class="term">-t <em class="replaceable"><code>type</code></em></span></dt> +<dd> + <p> + Query type: + The <em class="parameter"><code>type</code></em> argument can be any + recognized query type: CNAME, NS, SOA, TXT, DNSKEY, AXFR, etc. + </p> + <p> + When no query type is specified, <span class="command"><strong>host</strong></span> + automatically selects an appropriate query type. By default, it + looks for A, AAAA, and MX records. + If the <code class="option">-C</code> option is given, queries will + be made for SOA records. + If <em class="parameter"><code>name</code></em> is a dotted-decimal IPv4 + address or colon-delimited IPv6 + address, <span class="command"><strong>host</strong></span> will query for PTR + records. + </p> + <p> + If a query type of IXFR is chosen the starting serial + number can be specified by appending an equal followed by + the starting serial number + (like <code class="option">-t <code class="literal">IXFR=12345678</code></code>). + </p> + </dd> +<dt> +<span class="term">-T, </span><span class="term">-U</span> +</dt> +<dd> + <p> + TCP/UDP: + By default, <span class="command"><strong>host</strong></span> uses UDP when making + queries. The <code class="option">-T</code> option makes it use a TCP + connection when querying the name server. TCP will be + automatically selected for queries that require it, such + as zone transfer (AXFR) requests. Type ANY queries default + to TCP but can be forced to UDP initially using <code class="option">-U</code>. + </p> + </dd> +<dt><span class="term">-m <em class="replaceable"><code>flag</code></em></span></dt> +<dd> + <p> + Memory usage debugging: the flag can + be <em class="parameter"><code>record</code></em>, <em class="parameter"><code>usage</code></em>, + or <em class="parameter"><code>trace</code></em>. You can specify + the <code class="option">-m</code> option more than once to set + multiple flags. + </p> + </dd> +<dt><span class="term">-v</span></dt> +<dd> + <p> + Verbose output. + Equivalent to the <code class="option">-d</code> debug option. + Verbose output can also be enabled by setting + the <em class="parameter"><code>debug</code></em> option + in <code class="filename">/etc/resolv.conf</code>. + </p> + </dd> +<dt><span class="term">-V</span></dt> +<dd> + <p> + Print the version number and exit. + </p> + </dd> +<dt><span class="term">-w</span></dt> +<dd> + <p> + Wait forever: The query timeout is set to the maximum possible. + See also the <code class="option">-W</code> option. + </p> + </dd> +<dt><span class="term">-W <em class="replaceable"><code>wait</code></em></span></dt> +<dd> + <p> + Timeout: Wait for up to <em class="parameter"><code>wait</code></em> + seconds for a reply. If <em class="parameter"><code>wait</code></em> is + less than one, the wait interval is set to one second. + </p> + <p> + By default, <span class="command"><strong>host</strong></span> will wait for 5 + seconds for UDP responses and 10 seconds for TCP + connections. These defaults can be overridden by + the <em class="parameter"><code>timeout</code></em> option + in <code class="filename">/etc/resolv.conf</code>. + </p> + <p> + See also the <code class="option">-w</code> option. + </p> + </dd> +</dl></div> + + </div> + + <div class="refsection"> +<a name="id-1.14.4.9"></a><h2>IDN SUPPORT</h2> + + <p> + If <span class="command"><strong>host</strong></span> has been built with IDN (internationalized + domain name) support, it can accept and display non-ASCII domain names. + <span class="command"><strong>host</strong></span> appropriately converts character encoding of + domain name before sending a request to DNS server or displaying a + reply from the server. + If you'd like to turn off the IDN support for some reason, defines + the <code class="envar">IDN_DISABLE</code> environment variable. + The IDN support is disabled if the variable is set when + <span class="command"><strong>host</strong></span> runs. + </p> + </div> + + <div class="refsection"> +<a name="id-1.14.4.10"></a><h2>FILES</h2> + + <p><code class="filename">/etc/resolv.conf</code> + </p> + </div> + + <div class="refsection"> +<a name="id-1.14.4.11"></a><h2>SEE ALSO</h2> + + <p><span class="citerefentry"> + <span class="refentrytitle">dig</span>(1) + </span>, + <span class="citerefentry"> + <span class="refentrytitle">named</span>(8) + </span>. + </p> + </div> + +</div> +<div class="navfooter"> +<hr> +<table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"> +<tr> +<td width="40%" align="left"> +<a accesskey="p" href="man.mdig.html">Prev</a> </td> +<td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="Bv9ARM.ch13.html">Up</a></td> +<td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="man.delv.html">Next</a> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td width="40%" align="left" valign="top"> +<span class="application">mdig</span> </td> +<td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="Bv9ARM.html">Home</a></td> +<td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> delv</td> +</tr> +</table> +</div> +<p xmlns:db="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" style="text-align: center;">BIND 9.11.5-P4 (Extended Support Version)</p> +</body> +</html> |