Adding upstream version 4.19.249.upstream/4.19.249

Signed-off-by: Daniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org>

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+========================
+Force feedback for Linux
+========================
+
+:Author: Johann Deneux <johann.deneux@gmail.com> on 2001/04/22.
+:Updated: Anssi Hannula <anssi.hannula@gmail.com> on 2006/04/09.
+
+You may redistribute this file. Please remember to include shape.svg and
+interactive.svg as well.
+
+Introduction
+~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+This document describes how to use force feedback devices under Linux. The
+goal is not to support these devices as if they were simple input-only devices
+(as it is already the case), but to really enable the rendering of force
+effects.
+This document only describes the force feedback part of the Linux input
+interface. Please read joystick.txt and input.txt before reading further this
+document.
+
+Instructions to the user
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+To enable force feedback, you have to:
+
+1. have your kernel configured with evdev and a driver that supports your
+   device.
+2. make sure evdev module is loaded and /dev/input/event* device files are
+   created.
+
+Before you start, let me WARN you that some devices shake violently during the
+initialisation phase. This happens for example with my "AVB Top Shot Pegasus".
+To stop this annoying behaviour, move your joystick to its limits. Anyway, you
+should keep a hand on your device, in order to avoid it to break down if
+something goes wrong.
+
+If you have a serial iforce device, you need to start inputattach. See
+joystick.txt for details.
+
+Does it work ?
+--------------
+
+There is an utility called fftest that will allow you to test the driver::
+
+    % fftest /dev/input/eventXX
+
+Instructions to the developer
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+All interactions are done using the event API. That is, you can use ioctl()
+and write() on /dev/input/eventXX.
+This information is subject to change.
+
+Querying device capabilities
+----------------------------
+
+::
+
+    #include <linux/input.h>
+    #include <sys/ioctl.h>
+
+    #define BITS_TO_LONGS(x) \
+	    (((x) + 8 * sizeof (unsigned long) - 1) / (8 * sizeof (unsigned long)))
+    unsigned long features[BITS_TO_LONGS(FF_CNT)];
+    int ioctl(int file_descriptor, int request, unsigned long *features);
+
+"request" must be EVIOCGBIT(EV_FF, size of features array in bytes )
+
+Returns the features supported by the device. features is a bitfield with the
+following bits:
+
+- FF_CONSTANT	can render constant force effects
+- FF_PERIODIC	can render periodic effects with the following waveforms:
+
+  - FF_SQUARE	  square waveform
+  - FF_TRIANGLE	  triangle waveform
+  - FF_SINE	  sine waveform
+  - FF_SAW_UP	  sawtooth up waveform
+  - FF_SAW_DOWN	  sawtooth down waveform
+  - FF_CUSTOM	  custom waveform
+
+- FF_RAMP       can render ramp effects
+- FF_SPRING	can simulate the presence of a spring
+- FF_FRICTION	can simulate friction
+- FF_DAMPER	can simulate damper effects
+- FF_RUMBLE	rumble effects
+- FF_INERTIA    can simulate inertia
+- FF_GAIN	gain is adjustable
+- FF_AUTOCENTER	autocenter is adjustable
+
+.. note::
+
+    - In most cases you should use FF_PERIODIC instead of FF_RUMBLE. All
+      devices that support FF_RUMBLE support FF_PERIODIC (square, triangle,
+      sine) and the other way around.
+
+    - The exact syntax FF_CUSTOM is undefined for the time being as no driver
+      supports it yet.
+
+::
+
+    int ioctl(int fd, EVIOCGEFFECTS, int *n);
+
+Returns the number of effects the device can keep in its memory.
+
+Uploading effects to the device
+-------------------------------
+
+::
+
+    #include <linux/input.h>
+    #include <sys/ioctl.h>
+
+    int ioctl(int file_descriptor, int request, struct ff_effect *effect);
+
+"request" must be EVIOCSFF.
+
+"effect" points to a structure describing the effect to upload. The effect is
+uploaded, but not played.
+The content of effect may be modified. In particular, its field "id" is set
+to the unique id assigned by the driver. This data is required for performing
+some operations (removing an effect, controlling the playback).
+The "id" field must be set to -1 by the user in order to tell the driver to
+allocate a new effect.
+
+Effects are file descriptor specific.
+
+See <uapi/linux/input.h> for a description of the ff_effect struct.  You
+should also find help in a few sketches, contained in files shape.svg
+and interactive.svg:
+
+.. kernel-figure:: shape.svg
+
+    Shape
+
+.. kernel-figure:: interactive.svg
+
+    Interactive
+
+
+Removing an effect from the device
+----------------------------------
+
+::
+
+    int ioctl(int fd, EVIOCRMFF, effect.id);
+
+This makes room for new effects in the device's memory. Note that this also
+stops the effect if it was playing.
+
+Controlling the playback of effects
+-----------------------------------
+
+Control of playing is done with write(). Below is an example:
+
+::
+
+    #include <linux/input.h>
+    #include <unistd.h>
+
+	struct input_event play;
+	struct input_event stop;
+	struct ff_effect effect;
+	int fd;
+   ...
+	fd = open("/dev/input/eventXX", O_RDWR);
+   ...
+	/* Play three times */
+	play.type = EV_FF;
+	play.code = effect.id;
+	play.value = 3;
+
+	write(fd, (const void*) &play, sizeof(play));
+   ...
+	/* Stop an effect */
+	stop.type = EV_FF;
+	stop.code = effect.id;
+	stop.value = 0;
+
+	write(fd, (const void*) &stop, sizeof(stop));
+
+Setting the gain
+----------------
+
+Not all devices have the same strength. Therefore, users should set a gain
+factor depending on how strong they want effects to be. This setting is
+persistent across access to the driver.
+
+::
+
+    /* Set the gain of the device
+    int gain;		/* between 0 and 100 */
+    struct input_event ie;	/* structure used to communicate with the driver */
+
+    ie.type = EV_FF;
+    ie.code = FF_GAIN;
+    ie.value = 0xFFFFUL * gain / 100;
+
+    if (write(fd, &ie, sizeof(ie)) == -1)
+	perror("set gain");
+
+Enabling/Disabling autocenter
+-----------------------------
+
+The autocenter feature quite disturbs the rendering of effects in my opinion,
+and I think it should be an effect, which computation depends on the game
+type. But you can enable it if you want.
+
+::
+
+    int autocenter;		/* between 0 and 100 */
+    struct input_event ie;
+
+    ie.type = EV_FF;
+    ie.code = FF_AUTOCENTER;
+    ie.value = 0xFFFFUL * autocenter / 100;
+
+    if (write(fd, &ie, sizeof(ie)) == -1)
+	perror("set auto-center");
+
+A value of 0 means "no auto-center".
+
+Dynamic update of an effect
+---------------------------
+
+Proceed as if you wanted to upload a new effect, except that instead of
+setting the id field to -1, you set it to the wanted effect id.
+Normally, the effect is not stopped and restarted. However, depending on the
+type of device, not all parameters can be dynamically updated. For example,
+the direction of an effect cannot be updated with iforce devices. In this
+case, the driver stops the effect, up-load it, and restart it.
+
+Therefore it is recommended to dynamically change direction while the effect
+is playing only when it is ok to restart the effect with a replay count of 1.
+
+Information about the status of effects
+---------------------------------------
+
+Every time the status of an effect is changed, an event is sent. The values
+and meanings of the fields of the event are as follows::
+
+    struct input_event {
+    /* When the status of the effect changed */
+	    struct timeval time;
+
+    /* Set to EV_FF_STATUS */
+	    unsigned short type;
+
+    /* Contains the id of the effect */
+	    unsigned short code;
+
+    /* Indicates the status */
+	    unsigned int value;
+    };
+
+    FF_STATUS_STOPPED	The effect stopped playing
+    FF_STATUS_PLAYING	The effect started to play
+
+.. note::
+
+    - Status feedback is only supported by iforce driver. If you have
+      a really good reason to use this, please contact
+      linux-joystick@atrey.karlin.mff.cuni.cz or anssi.hannula@gmail.com
+      so that support for it can be added to the rest of the drivers.