Adding upstream version 4.19.249.upstream/4.19.249

Signed-off-by: Daniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org>

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+=================================
+IMA Template Management Mechanism
+=================================
+
+
+Introduction
+============
+
+The original ``ima`` template is fixed length, containing the filedata hash
+and pathname. The filedata hash is limited to 20 bytes (md5/sha1).
+The pathname is a null terminated string, limited to 255 characters.
+To overcome these limitations and to add additional file metadata, it is
+necessary to extend the current version of IMA by defining additional
+templates. For example, information that could be possibly reported are
+the inode UID/GID or the LSM labels either of the inode and of the process
+that is accessing it.
+
+However, the main problem to introduce this feature is that, each time
+a new template is defined, the functions that generate and display
+the measurements list would include the code for handling a new format
+and, thus, would significantly grow over the time.
+
+The proposed solution solves this problem by separating the template
+management from the remaining IMA code. The core of this solution is the
+definition of two new data structures: a template descriptor, to determine
+which information should be included in the measurement list; a template
+field, to generate and display data of a given type.
+
+Managing templates with these structures is very simple. To support
+a new data type, developers define the field identifier and implement
+two functions, init() and show(), respectively to generate and display
+measurement entries. Defining a new template descriptor requires
+specifying the template format (a string of field identifiers separated
+by the ``|`` character) through the ``ima_template_fmt`` kernel command line
+parameter. At boot time, IMA initializes the chosen template descriptor
+by translating the format into an array of template fields structures taken
+from the set of the supported ones.
+
+After the initialization step, IMA will call ``ima_alloc_init_template()``
+(new function defined within the patches for the new template management
+mechanism) to generate a new measurement entry by using the template
+descriptor chosen through the kernel configuration or through the newly
+introduced ``ima_template`` and ``ima_template_fmt`` kernel command line parameters.
+It is during this phase that the advantages of the new architecture are
+clearly shown: the latter function will not contain specific code to handle
+a given template but, instead, it simply calls the ``init()`` method of the template
+fields associated to the chosen template descriptor and store the result
+(pointer to allocated data and data length) in the measurement entry structure.
+
+The same mechanism is employed to display measurements entries.
+The functions ``ima[_ascii]_measurements_show()`` retrieve, for each entry,
+the template descriptor used to produce that entry and call the show()
+method for each item of the array of template fields structures.
+
+
+
+Supported Template Fields and Descriptors
+=========================================
+
+In the following, there is the list of supported template fields
+``('<identifier>': description)``, that can be used to define new template
+descriptors by adding their identifier to the format string
+(support for more data types will be added later):
+
+ - 'd': the digest of the event (i.e. the digest of a measured file),
+   calculated with the SHA1 or MD5 hash algorithm;
+ - 'n': the name of the event (i.e. the file name), with size up to 255 bytes;
+ - 'd-ng': the digest of the event, calculated with an arbitrary hash
+   algorithm (field format: [<hash algo>:]digest, where the digest
+   prefix is shown only if the hash algorithm is not SHA1 or MD5);
+ - 'n-ng': the name of the event, without size limitations;
+ - 'sig': the file signature.
+
+
+Below, there is the list of defined template descriptors:
+
+ - "ima": its format is ``d|n``;
+ - "ima-ng" (default): its format is ``d-ng|n-ng``;
+ - "ima-sig": its format is ``d-ng|n-ng|sig``.
+
+
+
+Use
+===
+
+To specify the template descriptor to be used to generate measurement entries,
+currently the following methods are supported:
+
+ - select a template descriptor among those supported in the kernel
+   configuration (``ima-ng`` is the default choice);
+ - specify a template descriptor name from the kernel command line through
+   the ``ima_template=`` parameter;
+ - register a new template descriptor with custom format through the kernel
+   command line parameter ``ima_template_fmt=``.