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| -rw-r--r-- | Documentation/filesystems/nfs/nfs.txt | 136 |
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diff --git a/Documentation/filesystems/nfs/nfs.txt b/Documentation/filesystems/nfs/nfs.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f2571c8be --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/filesystems/nfs/nfs.txt @@ -0,0 +1,136 @@ + +The NFS client +============== + +The NFS version 2 protocol was first documented in RFC1094 (March 1989). +Since then two more major releases of NFS have been published, with NFSv3 +being documented in RFC1813 (June 1995), and NFSv4 in RFC3530 (April +2003). + +The Linux NFS client currently supports all the above published versions, +and work is in progress on adding support for minor version 1 of the NFSv4 +protocol. + +The purpose of this document is to provide information on some of the +special features of the NFS client that can be configured by system +administrators. + + +The nfs4_unique_id parameter +============================ + +NFSv4 requires clients to identify themselves to servers with a unique +string. File open and lock state shared between one client and one server +is associated with this identity. To support robust NFSv4 state recovery +and transparent state migration, this identity string must not change +across client reboots. + +Without any other intervention, the Linux client uses a string that contains +the local system's node name. System administrators, however, often do not +take care to ensure that node names are fully qualified and do not change +over the lifetime of a client system. Node names can have other +administrative requirements that require particular behavior that does not +work well as part of an nfs_client_id4 string. + +The nfs.nfs4_unique_id boot parameter specifies a unique string that can be +used instead of a system's node name when an NFS client identifies itself to +a server. Thus, if the system's node name is not unique, or it changes, its +nfs.nfs4_unique_id stays the same, preventing collision with other clients +or loss of state during NFS reboot recovery or transparent state migration. + +The nfs.nfs4_unique_id string is typically a UUID, though it can contain +anything that is believed to be unique across all NFS clients. An +nfs4_unique_id string should be chosen when a client system is installed, +just as a system's root file system gets a fresh UUID in its label at +install time. + +The string should remain fixed for the lifetime of the client. It can be +changed safely if care is taken that the client shuts down cleanly and all +outstanding NFSv4 state has expired, to prevent loss of NFSv4 state. + +This string can be stored in an NFS client's grub.conf, or it can be provided +via a net boot facility such as PXE. It may also be specified as an nfs.ko +module parameter. Specifying a uniquifier string is not support for NFS +clients running in containers. + + +The DNS resolver +================ + +NFSv4 allows for one server to refer the NFS client to data that has been +migrated onto another server by means of the special "fs_locations" +attribute. See + http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3530#section-6 +and + http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-nfsv4-referrals-00 + +The fs_locations information can take the form of either an ip address and +a path, or a DNS hostname and a path. The latter requires the NFS client to +do a DNS lookup in order to mount the new volume, and hence the need for an +upcall to allow userland to provide this service. + +Assuming that the user has the 'rpc_pipefs' filesystem mounted in the usual +/var/lib/nfs/rpc_pipefs, the upcall consists of the following steps: + + (1) The process checks the dns_resolve cache to see if it contains a + valid entry. If so, it returns that entry and exits. + + (2) If no valid entry exists, the helper script '/sbin/nfs_cache_getent' + (may be changed using the 'nfs.cache_getent' kernel boot parameter) + is run, with two arguments: + - the cache name, "dns_resolve" + - the hostname to resolve + + (3) After looking up the corresponding ip address, the helper script + writes the result into the rpc_pipefs pseudo-file + '/var/lib/nfs/rpc_pipefs/cache/dns_resolve/channel' + in the following (text) format: + + "<ip address> <hostname> <ttl>\n" + + Where <ip address> is in the usual IPv4 (123.456.78.90) or IPv6 + (ffee:ddcc:bbaa:9988:7766:5544:3322:1100, ffee::1100, ...) format. + <hostname> is identical to the second argument of the helper + script, and <ttl> is the 'time to live' of this cache entry (in + units of seconds). + + Note: If <ip address> is invalid, say the string "0", then a negative + entry is created, which will cause the kernel to treat the hostname + as having no valid DNS translation. + + + + +A basic sample /sbin/nfs_cache_getent +===================================== + +#!/bin/bash +# +ttl=600 +# +cut=/usr/bin/cut +getent=/usr/bin/getent +rpc_pipefs=/var/lib/nfs/rpc_pipefs +# +die() +{ + echo "Usage: $0 cache_name entry_name" + exit 1 +} + +[ $# -lt 2 ] && die +cachename="$1" +cache_path=${rpc_pipefs}/cache/${cachename}/channel + +case "${cachename}" in + dns_resolve) + name="$2" + result="$(${getent} hosts ${name} | ${cut} -f1 -d\ )" + [ -z "${result}" ] && result="0" + ;; + *) + die + ;; +esac +echo "${result} ${name} ${ttl}" >${cache_path} + |