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diff --git a/Documentation/isdn/README b/Documentation/isdn/README new file mode 100644 index 000000000..74bd2bdb4 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/isdn/README @@ -0,0 +1,599 @@ +README for the ISDN-subsystem + +1. Preface + + 1.1 Introduction + + This README describes how to set up and how to use the different parts + of the ISDN-subsystem. + + For using the ISDN-subsystem, some additional userlevel programs are + necessary. Those programs and some contributed utilities are available + at + + ftp.isdn4linux.de + + /pub/isdn4linux/isdn4k-utils-<VersionNumber>.tar.gz + + + We also have set up a mailing-list: + + The isdn4linux-project originates in Germany, and therefore by historical + reasons, the mailing-list's primary language is german. However mails + written in english have been welcome all the time. + + to subscribe: write a email to majordomo@listserv.isdn4linux.de, + Subject irrelevant, in the message body: + subscribe isdn4linux <your_email_address> + + To write to the mailing-list, write to isdn4linux@listserv.isdn4linux.de + + This mailinglist is bidirectionally gated to the newsgroup + + de.alt.comm.isdn4linux + + There is also a well maintained FAQ in English available at + https://www.mhessler.de/i4lfaq/ + It can be viewed online, or downloaded in sgml/text/html format. + The FAQ can also be viewed online at + https://www.isdn4linux.de/faq/i4lfaq.html + or downloaded from + ftp://ftp.isdn4linux.de/pub/isdn4linux/FAQ/ + + 1.1 Technical details + + In the following Text, the terms MSN and EAZ are used. + + MSN is the abbreviation for (M)ultiple(S)ubscriber(N)umber, and applies + to Euro(EDSS1)-type lines. Usually it is simply the phone number. + + EAZ is the abbreviation of (E)ndgeraete(A)uswahl(Z)iffer and + applies to German 1TR6-type lines. This is a one-digit string, + simply appended to the base phone number + + The internal handling is nearly identical, so replace the appropriate + term to that one, which applies to your local ISDN-environment. + + When the link-level-module isdn.o is loaded, it supports up to 16 + low-level-modules with up to 64 channels. (The number 64 is arbitrarily + chosen and can be configured at compile-time --ISDN_MAX in isdn.h). + A low-level-driver can register itself through an interface (which is + defined in isdnif.h) and gets assigned a slot. + The following char-devices are made available for each channel: + + A raw-control-device with the following functions: + write: raw D-channel-messages (format: depends on driver). + read: raw D-channel-messages (format: depends on driver). + ioctl: depends on driver, i.e. for the ICN-driver, the base-address of + the ports and the shared memory on the card can be set and read + also the boot-code and the protocol software can be loaded into + the card. + + O N L Y !!! for debugging (no locking against other devices): + One raw-data-device with the following functions: + write: data to B-channel. + read: data from B-channel. + + In addition the following devices are made available: + + 128 tty-devices (64 cuix and 64 ttyIx) with integrated modem-emulator: + The functionality is almost the same as that of a serial device + (the line-discs are handled by the kernel), which lets you run + SLIP, CSLIP and asynchronous PPP through the devices. We have tested + Seyon, minicom, CSLIP (uri-dip) PPP, mgetty, XCept and Hylafax. + + The modem-emulation supports the following: + 1.3.1 Commands: + + ATA Answer incoming call. + ATD<No.> Dial, the number may contain: + [0-9] and [,#.*WPT-S] + the latter are ignored until 'S'. + The 'S' must precede the number, if + the line is a SPV (German 1TR6). + ATE0 Echo off. + ATE1 Echo on (default). + ATH Hang-up. + ATH1 Off hook (ignored). + ATH0 Hang-up. + ATI Return "ISDN for Linux...". + ATI0 " + ATI1 " + ATI2 Report of last connection. + ATO On line (data mode). + ATQ0 Enable result codes (default). + ATQ1 Disable result codes (default). + ATSx=y Set register x to y. + ATSx? Show contents of register x. + ATV0 Numeric responses. + ATV1 English responses (default). + ATZ Load registers and EAZ/MSN from Profile. + AT&Bx Set Send-Packet-size to x (max. 4000) + The real packet-size may be limited by the + low-level-driver used. e.g. the HiSax-Module- + limit is 2000. You will get NO Error-Message, + if you set it to higher values, because at the + time of giving this command the corresponding + driver may not be selected (see "Automatic + Assignment") however the size of outgoing packets + will be limited correctly. + AT&D0 Ignore DTR + AT&D2 DTR-low-edge: Hang up and return to + command mode (default). + AT&D3 Same as AT&D2 but also resets all registers. + AT&Ex Set the EAZ/MSN for this channel to x. + AT&F Reset all registers and profile to "factory-defaults" + AT&Lx Set list of phone numbers to listen on. x is a + list of wildcard patterns separated by semicolon. + If this is set, it has precedence over the MSN set + by AT&E. + AT&Rx Select V.110 bitrate adaption. + This command enables V.110 protocol with 9600 baud + (x=9600), 19200 baud (x=19200) or 38400 baud + (x=38400). A value of x=0 disables V.110 switching + back to default X.75. This command sets the following + Registers: + Reg 14 (Layer-2 protocol): + x = 0: 0 + x = 9600: 7 + x = 19200: 8 + x = 38400: 9 + Reg 18.2 = 1 + Reg 19 (Additional Service Indicator): + x = 0: 0 + x = 9600: 197 + x = 19200: 199 + x = 38400: 198 + Note on value in Reg 19: + There is _NO_ common convention for 38400 baud. + The value 198 is chosen arbitrarily. Users + _MUST_ negotiate this value before establishing + a connection. + AT&Sx Set window-size (x = 1..8) (not yet implemented) + AT&V Show all settings. + AT&W0 Write registers and EAZ/MSN to profile. See also + iprofd (5.c in this README). + AT&X0 BTX-mode and T.70-mode off (default) + AT&X1 BTX-mode on. (S13.1=1, S13.5=0 S14=0, S16=7, S18=7, S19=0) + AT&X2 T.70-mode on. (S13.1=1, S13.5=1, S14=0, S16=7, S18=7, S19=0) + AT+Rx Resume a suspended call with CallID x (x = 1,2,3...) + AT+Sx Suspend a call with CallID x (x = 1,2,3...) + + For voice-mode commands refer to README.audio + + 1.3.2 Escape sequence: + During a connection, the emulation reacts just like + a normal modem to the escape sequence <DELAY>+++<DELAY>. + (The escape character - default '+' - can be set in the + register 2). + The DELAY must at least be 1.5 seconds long and delay + between the escape characters must not exceed 0.5 seconds. + + 1.3.3 Registers: + + Nr. Default Description + 0 0 Answer on ring number. + (no auto-answer if S0=0). + 1 0 Count of rings. + 2 43 Escape character. + (a value >= 128 disables the escape sequence). + 3 13 Carriage return character (ASCII). + 4 10 Line feed character (ASCII). + 5 8 Backspace character (ASCII). + 6 3 Delay in seconds before dialing. + 7 60 Wait for carrier. + 8 2 Pause time for comma (ignored) + 9 6 Carrier detect time (ignored) + 10 7 Carrier loss to disconnect time (ignored). + 11 70 Touch tone timing (ignored). + 12 69 Bit coded register: + Bit 0: 0 = Suppress response messages. + 1 = Show response messages. + Bit 1: 0 = English response messages. + 1 = Numeric response messages. + Bit 2: 0 = Echo off. + 1 = Echo on. + Bit 3 0 = DCD always on. + 1 = DCD follows carrier. + Bit 4 0 = CTS follows RTS + 1 = Ignore RTS, CTS always on. + Bit 5 0 = return to command mode on DTR low. + 1 = Same as 0 but also resets all + registers. + See also register 13, bit 2 + Bit 6 0 = DSR always on. + 1 = DSR only on if channel is available. + Bit 7 0 = Cisco-PPP-flag-hack off (default). + 1 = Cisco-PPP-flag-hack on. + 13 0 Bit coded register: + Bit 0: 0 = Use delayed tty-send-algorithm + 1 = Direct tty-send. + Bit 1: 0 = T.70 protocol (Only for BTX!) off + 1 = T.70 protocol (Only for BTX!) on + Bit 2: 0 = Don't hangup on DTR low. + 1 = Hangup on DTR low. + Bit 3: 0 = Standard response messages + 1 = Extended response messages + Bit 4: 0 = CALLER NUMBER before every RING. + 1 = CALLER NUMBER after first RING. + Bit 5: 0 = T.70 extended protocol off + 1 = T.70 extended protocol on + Bit 6: 0 = Special RUNG Message off + 1 = Special RUNG Message on + "RUNG" is delivered on a ttyI, if + an incoming call happened (RING) and + the remote party hung up before any + local ATA was given. + Bit 7: 0 = Don't show display messages from net + 1 = Show display messages from net + (S12 Bit 1 must be 0 too) + 14 0 Layer-2 protocol: + 0 = X75/LAPB with I-frames + 1 = X75/LAPB with UI-frames + 2 = X75/LAPB with BUI-frames + 3 = HDLC + 4 = Transparent (audio) + 7 = V.110, 9600 baud + 8 = V.110, 19200 baud + 9 = V.110, 38400 baud + 10 = Analog Modem (only if hardware supports this) + 11 = Fax G3 (only if hardware supports this) + 15 0 Layer-3 protocol: + 0 = transparent + 1 = transparent with audio features (e.g. DSP) + 2 = Fax G3 Class 2 commands (S14 has to be set to 11) + 3 = Fax G3 Class 1 commands (S14 has to be set to 11) + 16 250 Send-Packet-size/16 + 17 8 Window-size (not yet implemented) + 18 4 Bit coded register, Service-Octet-1 to accept, + or to be used on dialout: + Bit 0: Service 1 (audio) when set. + Bit 1: Service 5 (BTX) when set. + Bit 2: Service 7 (data) when set. + Note: It is possible to set more than one + bit. In this case, on incoming calls + the selected services are accepted, + and if the service is "audio", the + Layer-2-protocol is automatically + changed to 4 regardless of the setting + of register 14. On outgoing calls, + the most significant 1-bit is chosen to + select the outgoing service octet. + 19 0 Service-Octet-2 + 20 0 Bit coded register (readonly) + Service-Octet-1 of last call. + Bit mapping is the same as register 18 + 21 0 Bit coded register (readonly) + Set on incoming call (during RING) to + octet 3 of calling party number IE (Numbering plan) + See section 4.5.10 of ITU Q.931 + 22 0 Bit coded register (readonly) + Set on incoming call (during RING) to + octet 3a of calling party number IE (Screening info) + See section 4.5.10 of ITU Q.931 + 23 0 Bit coded register: + Bit 0: 0 = Add CPN to RING message off + 1 = Add CPN to RING message on + Bit 1: 0 = Add CPN to FCON message off + 1 = Add CPN to FCON message on + Bit 2: 0 = Add CDN to RING/FCON message off + 1 = Add CDN to RING/FCON message on + + Last but not least a (at the moment fairly primitive) device to request + the line-status (/dev/isdninfo) is made available. + + Automatic assignment of devices to lines: + + All inactive physical lines are listening to all EAZs for incoming + calls and are NOT assigned to a specific tty or network interface. + When an incoming call is detected, the driver looks first for a network + interface and then for an opened tty which: + + 1. is configured for the same EAZ. + 2. has the same protocol settings for the B-channel. + 3. (only for network interfaces if the security flag is set) + contains the caller number in its access list. + 4. Either the channel is not bound exclusively to another Net-interface, or + it is bound AND the other checks apply to exactly this interface. + (For usage of the bind-features, refer to the isdnctrl-man-page) + + Only when a matching interface or tty is found is the call accepted + and the "connection" between the low-level-layer and the link-level-layer + is established and kept until the end of the connection. + In all other cases no connection is established. Isdn4linux can be + configured to either do NOTHING in this case (which is useful, if + other, external devices with the same EAZ/MSN are connected to the bus) + or to reject the call actively. (isdnctrl busreject ...) + + For an outgoing call, the inactive physical lines are searched. + The call is placed on the first physical line, which supports the + requested protocols for the B-channel. If a net-interface, however + is pre-bound to a channel, this channel is used directly. + + This makes it possible to configure several network interfaces and ttys + for one EAZ, if the network interfaces are set to secure operation. + If an incoming call matches one network interface, it gets connected to it. + If another incoming call for the same EAZ arrives, which does not match + a network interface, the first tty gets a "RING" and so on. + +2 System prerequisites: + + ATTENTION! + + Always use the latest module utilities. The current version is + named in Documentation/Changes. Some old versions of insmod + are not capable of setting the driver-Ids correctly. + +3. Lowlevel-driver configuration. + + Configuration depends on how the drivers are built. See the + README.<yourDriver> for information on driver-specific setup. + +4. Device-inodes + + The major and minor numbers and their names are described in + Documentation/admin-guide/devices.rst. The major numbers are: + + 43 for the ISDN-tty's. + 44 for the ISDN-callout-tty's. + 45 for control/info/debug devices. + +5. Application + + a) For some card-types, firmware has to be loaded into the cards, before + proceeding with device-independent setup. See README.<yourDriver> + for how to do that. + + b) If you only intend to use ttys, you are nearly ready now. + + c) If you want to have really permanent "Modem"-settings on disk, you + can start the daemon iprofd. Give it a path to a file at the command- + line. It will store the profile-settings in this file every time + an AT&W0 is performed on any ISDN-tty. If the file already exists, + all profiles are initialized from this file. If you want to unload + any of the modules, kill iprofd first. + + d) For networking, continue: Create an interface: + isdnctrl addif isdn0 + + e) Set the EAZ (or MSN for Euro-ISDN): + isdnctrl eaz isdn0 2 + + (For 1TR6 a single digit is allowed, for Euro-ISDN the number is your + real MSN e.g.: Phone-Number) + + f) Set the number for outgoing calls on the interface: + isdnctrl addphone isdn0 out 1234567 + ... (this can be executed more than once, all assigned numbers are + tried in order) + and the number(s) for incoming calls: + isdnctrl addphone isdn0 in 1234567 + + g) Set the timeout for hang-up: + isdnctrl huptimeout isdn0 <timeout_in_seconds> + + h) additionally you may activate charge-hang-up (= Hang up before + next charge-info, this only works, if your isdn-provider transmits + the charge-info during and after the connection): + isdnctrl chargehup isdn0 on + + i) Set the dial mode of the interface: + isdnctrl dialmode isdn0 auto + "off" means that you (or the system) cannot make any connection + (neither incoming or outgoing connections are possible). Use + this if you want to be sure that no connections will be made. + "auto" means that the interface is in auto-dial mode, and will + attempt to make a connection whenever a network data packet needs + the interface's link. Note that this can cause unexpected dialouts, + and lead to a high phone bill! Some daemons or other pc's that use + this interface can cause this. + Incoming connections are also possible. + "manual" is a dial mode created to prevent the unexpected dialouts. + In this mode, the interface will never make any connections on its + own. You must explicitly initiate a connection with "isdnctrl dial + isdn0". However, after an idle time of no traffic as configured for + the huptimeout value with isdnctrl, the connection _will_ be ended. + If you don't want any automatic hangup, set the huptimeout value to 0. + "manual" is the default. + + j) Setup the interface with ifconfig as usual, and set a route to it. + + k) (optional) If you run X11 and have Tcl/Tk-wish version 4.0, you can use + the script tools/tcltk/isdnmon. You can add actions for line-status + changes. See the comments at the beginning of the script for how to + do that. There are other tty-based tools in the tools-subdirectory + contributed by Michael Knigge (imon), Volker Götz (imontty) and + Andreas Kool (isdnmon). + + l) For initial testing, you can set the verbose-level to 2 (default: 0). + Then all incoming calls are logged, even if they are not addressed + to one of the configured net-interfaces: + isdnctrl verbose 2 + + Now you are ready! A ping to the set address should now result in an + automatic dial-out (look at syslog kernel-messages). + The phone numbers and EAZs can be assigned at any time with isdnctrl. + You can add as many interfaces as you like with addif following the + directions above. Of course, there may be some limitations. But we have + tested as many as 20 interfaces without any problem. However, if you + don't give an interface name to addif, the kernel will assign a name + which starts with "eth". The number of "eth"-interfaces is limited by + the kernel. + +5. Additional options for isdnctrl: + + "isdnctrl secure <InterfaceName> on" + Only incoming calls, for which the caller-id is listed in the access + list of the interface are accepted. You can add caller-id's With the + command "isdnctrl addphone <InterfaceName> in <caller-id>" + Euro-ISDN does not transmit the leading '0' of the caller-id for an + incoming call, therefore you should configure it accordingly. + If the real number for the dialout e.g. is "09311234567" the number + to configure here is "9311234567". The pattern-match function + works similar to the shell mechanism. + + ? one arbitrary digit + * zero or arbitrary many digits + [123] one of the digits in the list + [1-5] one digit between '1' and '5' + a '^' as the first character in a list inverts the list + + + "isdnctrl secure <InterfaceName> off" + Switch off secure operation (default). + + "isdnctrl ihup <InterfaceName> [on|off]" + Switch the hang-up-timer for incoming calls on or off. + + "isdnctrl eaz <InterfaceName>" + Returns the EAZ of an interface. + + "isdnctrl delphone <InterfaceName> in|out <number>" + Deletes a number from one of the access-lists of the interface. + + "isdnctrl delif <InterfaceName>" + Removes the interface (and possible slaves) from the kernel. + (You have to unregister it with "ifconfig <InterfaceName> down" before). + + "isdnctrl callback <InterfaceName> [on|off]" + Switches an interface to callback-mode. In this mode, an incoming call + will be rejected and after this the remote-station will be called. If + you test this feature by using ping, some routers will re-dial very + quickly, so that the callback from isdn4linux may not be recognized. + In this case use ping with the option -i <sec> to increase the interval + between echo-packets. + + "isdnctrl cbdelay <InterfaceName> [seconds]" + Sets the delay (default 5 sec) between an incoming call and start of + dialing when callback is enabled. + + "isdnctrl cbhup <InterfaceName> [on|off]" + This enables (default) or disables an active hangup (reject) when getting an + incoming call for an interface which is configured for callback. + + "isdnctrl encap <InterfaceName> <EncapType>" + Selects the type of packet-encapsulation. The encapsulation can be changed + only while an interface is down. + + At the moment the following values are supported: + + rawip (Default) Selects raw-IP-encapsulation. This means, MAC-headers + are stripped off. + ip IP with type-field. Same as IP but the type-field of the MAC-header + is preserved. + x25iface X.25 interface encapsulation (first byte semantics as defined in + ../networking/x25-iface.txt). Use this for running the linux + X.25 network protocol stack (AF_X25 sockets) on top of isdn. + cisco-h A special-mode for communicating with a Cisco, which is configured + to do "hdlc" + ethernet No stripping. Packets are sent with full MAC-header. + The Ethernet-address of the interface is faked, from its + IP-address: fc:fc:i1:i2:i3:i4, where i1-4 are the IP-addr.-values. + syncppp Synchronous PPP + + uihdlc HDLC with UI-frame-header (for use with DOS ISPA, option -h1) + + + NOTE: x25iface encapsulation is currently experimental. Please + read README.x25 for further details + + + Watching packets, using standard-tcpdump will fail for all encapsulations + except ethernet because tcpdump does not know how to handle packets + without MAC-header. A patch for tcpdump is included in the utility-package + mentioned above. + + "isdnctrl l2_prot <InterfaceName> <L2-ProtocolName>" + Selects a layer-2-protocol. + (With the ICN-driver and the HiSax-driver, "x75i" and "hdlc" is available. + With other drivers, "x75ui", "x75bui", "x25dte", "x25dce" may be + possible too. See README.x25 for x25 related l2 protocols.) + + isdnctrl l3_prot <InterfaceName> <L3-ProtocolName> + The same for layer-3. (At the moment only "trans" is allowed) + + "isdnctrl list <InterfaceName>" + Shows all parameters of an interface and the charge-info. + Try "all" as the interface name. + + "isdnctrl hangup <InterfaceName>" + Forces hangup of an interface. + + "isdnctrl bind <InterfaceName> <DriverId>,<ChannelNumber> [exclusive]" + If you are using more than one ISDN card, it is sometimes necessary to + dial out using a specific card or even preserve a specific channel for + dialout of a specific net-interface. This can be done with the above + command. Replace <DriverId> by whatever you assigned while loading the + module. The <ChannelNumber> is counted from zero. The upper limit + depends on the card used. At the moment no card supports more than + 2 channels, so the upper limit is one. + + "isdnctrl unbind <InterfaceName>" + unbinds a previously bound interface. + + "isdnctrl busreject <DriverId> on|off" + If switched on, isdn4linux replies a REJECT to incoming calls, it + cannot match to any configured interface. + If switched off, nothing happens in this case. + You normally should NOT enable this feature, if the ISDN adapter is not + the only device connected to the S0-bus. Otherwise it could happen that + isdn4linux rejects an incoming call, which belongs to another device on + the bus. + + "isdnctrl addslave <InterfaceName> <SlaveName> + Creates a slave interface for channel-bundling. Slave interfaces are + not seen by the kernel, but their ISDN-part can be configured with + isdnctrl as usual. (Phone numbers, EAZ/MSN, timeouts etc.) If more + than two channels are to be bundled, feel free to create as many as you + want. InterfaceName must be a real interface, NOT a slave. Slave interfaces + start dialing, if the master interface resp. the previous slave interface + has a load of more than 7000 cps. They hangup if the load goes under 7000 + cps, according to their "huptimeout"-parameter. + + "isdnctrl sdelay <InterfaceName> secs." + This sets the minimum time an Interface has to be fully loaded, until + it sends a dial-request to its slave. + + "isdnctrl dial <InterfaceName>" + Forces an interface to start dialing even if no packets are to be + transferred. + + "isdnctrl mapping <DriverId> MSN0,MSN1,MSN2,...MSN9" + This installs a mapping table for EAZ<->MSN-mapping for a single line. + Missing MSN's have to be given as "-" or can be omitted, if at the end + of the commandline. + With this command, it's now possible to have an interface listening to + mixed 1TR6- and Euro-Type lines. In this case, the interface has to be + configured to a 1TR6-type EAZ (one digit). The mapping is also valid + for tty-emulation. Seen from the interface/tty-level the mapping + CAN be used, however it's possible to use single tty's/interfaces with + real MSN's (more digits) also, in which case the mapping will be ignored. + Here is an example: + + You have a 1TR6-type line with base-nr. 1234567 and a Euro-line with + MSN's 987654, 987655 and 987656. The DriverId for the Euro-line is "EURO". + + isdnctrl mapping EURO -,987654,987655,987656,-,987655 + ... + isdnctrl eaz isdn0 1 # listen on 12345671(1tr6) and 987654(euro) + ... + isdnctrl eaz isdn1 4 # listen on 12345674(1tr6) only. + ... + isdnctrl eaz isdn2 987654 # listen on 987654(euro) only. + + Same scheme is used with AT&E... at the tty's. + +6. If you want to write a new low-level-driver, you are welcome. + The interface to the link-level-module is described in the file INTERFACE. + If the interface should be expanded for any reason, don't do it + on your own, send me a mail containing the proposed changes and + some reasoning about them. + If other drivers will not be affected, I will include the changes + in the next release. + For developers only, there is a second mailing-list. Write to me + (fritz@isdn4linux.de), if you want to join that list. + +Have fun! + + -Fritz + |