diff options
Diffstat (limited to '')
| -rw-r--r-- | Documentation/sound/soc/clocking.rst | 46 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Documentation/sound/soc/codec-to-codec.rst | 108 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Documentation/sound/soc/codec.rst | 190 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Documentation/sound/soc/dai.rst | 64 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Documentation/sound/soc/dapm.rst | 360 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Documentation/sound/soc/dpcm.rst | 390 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Documentation/sound/soc/index.rst | 20 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Documentation/sound/soc/jack.rst | 72 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Documentation/sound/soc/machine.rst | 97 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Documentation/sound/soc/overview.rst | 69 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Documentation/sound/soc/platform.rst | 78 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Documentation/sound/soc/pops-clicks.rst | 55 |
12 files changed, 1549 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/Documentation/sound/soc/clocking.rst b/Documentation/sound/soc/clocking.rst new file mode 100644 index 000000000..32122d687 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/sound/soc/clocking.rst @@ -0,0 +1,46 @@ +============== +Audio Clocking +============== + +This text describes the audio clocking terms in ASoC and digital audio in +general. Note: Audio clocking can be complex! + + +Master Clock +------------ + +Every audio subsystem is driven by a master clock (sometimes referred to as MCLK +or SYSCLK). This audio master clock can be derived from a number of sources +(e.g. crystal, PLL, CPU clock) and is responsible for producing the correct +audio playback and capture sample rates. + +Some master clocks (e.g. PLLs and CPU based clocks) are configurable in that +their speed can be altered by software (depending on the system use and to save +power). Other master clocks are fixed at a set frequency (i.e. crystals). + + +DAI Clocks +---------- +The Digital Audio Interface is usually driven by a Bit Clock (often referred to +as BCLK). This clock is used to drive the digital audio data across the link +between the codec and CPU. + +The DAI also has a frame clock to signal the start of each audio frame. This +clock is sometimes referred to as LRC (left right clock) or FRAME. This clock +runs at exactly the sample rate (LRC = Rate). + +Bit Clock can be generated as follows:- + +- BCLK = MCLK / x, or +- BCLK = LRC * x, or +- BCLK = LRC * Channels * Word Size + +This relationship depends on the codec or SoC CPU in particular. In general +it is best to configure BCLK to the lowest possible speed (depending on your +rate, number of channels and word size) to save on power. + +It is also desirable to use the codec (if possible) to drive (or master) the +audio clocks as it usually gives more accurate sample rates than the CPU. + + + diff --git a/Documentation/sound/soc/codec-to-codec.rst b/Documentation/sound/soc/codec-to-codec.rst new file mode 100644 index 000000000..810109d75 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/sound/soc/codec-to-codec.rst @@ -0,0 +1,108 @@ +============================================== +Creating codec to codec dai link for ALSA dapm +============================================== + +Mostly the flow of audio is always from CPU to codec so your system +will look as below: +:: + + --------- --------- + | | dai | | + CPU -------> codec + | | | | + --------- --------- + +In case your system looks as below: +:: + + --------- + | | + codec-2 + | | + --------- + | + dai-2 + | + ---------- --------- + | | dai-1 | | + CPU -------> codec-1 + | | | | + ---------- --------- + | + dai-3 + | + --------- + | | + codec-3 + | | + --------- + +Suppose codec-2 is a bluetooth chip and codec-3 is connected to +a speaker and you have a below scenario: +codec-2 will receive the audio data and the user wants to play that +audio through codec-3 without involving the CPU.This +aforementioned case is the ideal case when codec to codec +connection should be used. + +Your dai_link should appear as below in your machine +file: +:: + + /* + * this pcm stream only supports 24 bit, 2 channel and + * 48k sampling rate. + */ + static const struct snd_soc_pcm_stream dsp_codec_params = { + .formats = SNDRV_PCM_FMTBIT_S24_LE, + .rate_min = 48000, + .rate_max = 48000, + .channels_min = 2, + .channels_max = 2, + }; + + { + .name = "CPU-DSP", + .stream_name = "CPU-DSP", + .cpu_dai_name = "samsung-i2s.0", + .codec_name = "codec-2, + .codec_dai_name = "codec-2-dai_name", + .platform_name = "samsung-i2s.0", + .dai_fmt = SND_SOC_DAIFMT_I2S | SND_SOC_DAIFMT_NB_NF + | SND_SOC_DAIFMT_CBM_CFM, + .ignore_suspend = 1, + .params = &dsp_codec_params, + }, + { + .name = "DSP-CODEC", + .stream_name = "DSP-CODEC", + .cpu_dai_name = "wm0010-sdi2", + .codec_name = "codec-3, + .codec_dai_name = "codec-3-dai_name", + .dai_fmt = SND_SOC_DAIFMT_I2S | SND_SOC_DAIFMT_NB_NF + | SND_SOC_DAIFMT_CBM_CFM, + .ignore_suspend = 1, + .params = &dsp_codec_params, + }, + +Above code snippet is motivated from sound/soc/samsung/speyside.c. + +Note the "params" callback which lets the dapm know that this +dai_link is a codec to codec connection. + +In dapm core a route is created between cpu_dai playback widget +and codec_dai capture widget for playback path and vice-versa is +true for capture path. In order for this aforementioned route to get +triggered, DAPM needs to find a valid endpoint which could be either +a sink or source widget corresponding to playback and capture path +respectively. + +In order to trigger this dai_link widget, a thin codec driver for +the speaker amp can be created as demonstrated in wm8727.c file, it +sets appropriate constraints for the device even if it needs no control. + +Make sure to name your corresponding cpu and codec playback and capture +dai names ending with "Playback" and "Capture" respectively as dapm core +will link and power those dais based on the name. + +Note that in current device tree there is no way to mark a dai_link +as codec to codec. However, it may change in future. diff --git a/Documentation/sound/soc/codec.rst b/Documentation/sound/soc/codec.rst new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8a9737eb7 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/sound/soc/codec.rst @@ -0,0 +1,190 @@ +======================= +ASoC Codec Class Driver +======================= + +The codec class driver is generic and hardware independent code that configures +the codec, FM, MODEM, BT or external DSP to provide audio capture and playback. +It should contain no code that is specific to the target platform or machine. +All platform and machine specific code should be added to the platform and +machine drivers respectively. + +Each codec class driver *must* provide the following features:- + +1. Codec DAI and PCM configuration +2. Codec control IO - using RegMap API +3. Mixers and audio controls +4. Codec audio operations +5. DAPM description. +6. DAPM event handler. + +Optionally, codec drivers can also provide:- + +7. DAC Digital mute control. + +Its probably best to use this guide in conjunction with the existing codec +driver code in sound/soc/codecs/ + +ASoC Codec driver breakdown +=========================== + +Codec DAI and PCM configuration +------------------------------- +Each codec driver must have a struct snd_soc_dai_driver to define its DAI and +PCM capabilities and operations. This struct is exported so that it can be +registered with the core by your machine driver. + +e.g. +:: + + static struct snd_soc_dai_ops wm8731_dai_ops = { + .prepare = wm8731_pcm_prepare, + .hw_params = wm8731_hw_params, + .shutdown = wm8731_shutdown, + .digital_mute = wm8731_mute, + .set_sysclk = wm8731_set_dai_sysclk, + .set_fmt = wm8731_set_dai_fmt, + }; + + struct snd_soc_dai_driver wm8731_dai = { + .name = "wm8731-hifi", + .playback = { + .stream_name = "Playback", + .channels_min = 1, + .channels_max = 2, + .rates = WM8731_RATES, + .formats = WM8731_FORMATS,}, + .capture = { + .stream_name = "Capture", + .channels_min = 1, + .channels_max = 2, + .rates = WM8731_RATES, + .formats = WM8731_FORMATS,}, + .ops = &wm8731_dai_ops, + .symmetric_rates = 1, + }; + + +Codec control IO +---------------- +The codec can usually be controlled via an I2C or SPI style interface +(AC97 combines control with data in the DAI). The codec driver should use the +Regmap API for all codec IO. Please see include/linux/regmap.h and existing +codec drivers for example regmap usage. + + +Mixers and audio controls +------------------------- +All the codec mixers and audio controls can be defined using the convenience +macros defined in soc.h. +:: + + #define SOC_SINGLE(xname, reg, shift, mask, invert) + +Defines a single control as follows:- +:: + + xname = Control name e.g. "Playback Volume" + reg = codec register + shift = control bit(s) offset in register + mask = control bit size(s) e.g. mask of 7 = 3 bits + invert = the control is inverted + +Other macros include:- +:: + + #define SOC_DOUBLE(xname, reg, shift_left, shift_right, mask, invert) + +A stereo control +:: + + #define SOC_DOUBLE_R(xname, reg_left, reg_right, shift, mask, invert) + +A stereo control spanning 2 registers +:: + + #define SOC_ENUM_SINGLE(xreg, xshift, xmask, xtexts) + +Defines an single enumerated control as follows:- +:: + + xreg = register + xshift = control bit(s) offset in register + xmask = control bit(s) size + xtexts = pointer to array of strings that describe each setting + + #define SOC_ENUM_DOUBLE(xreg, xshift_l, xshift_r, xmask, xtexts) + +Defines a stereo enumerated control + + +Codec Audio Operations +---------------------- +The codec driver also supports the following ALSA PCM operations:- +:: + + /* SoC audio ops */ + struct snd_soc_ops { + int (*startup)(struct snd_pcm_substream *); + void (*shutdown)(struct snd_pcm_substream *); + int (*hw_params)(struct snd_pcm_substream *, struct snd_pcm_hw_params *); + int (*hw_free)(struct snd_pcm_substream *); + int (*prepare)(struct snd_pcm_substream *); + }; + +Please refer to the ALSA driver PCM documentation for details. +http://www.alsa-project.org/~iwai/writing-an-alsa-driver/ + + +DAPM description +---------------- +The Dynamic Audio Power Management description describes the codec power +components and their relationships and registers to the ASoC core. +Please read dapm.rst for details of building the description. + +Please also see the examples in other codec drivers. + + +DAPM event handler +------------------ +This function is a callback that handles codec domain PM calls and system +domain PM calls (e.g. suspend and resume). It is used to put the codec +to sleep when not in use. + +Power states:- +:: + + SNDRV_CTL_POWER_D0: /* full On */ + /* vref/mid, clk and osc on, active */ + + SNDRV_CTL_POWER_D1: /* partial On */ + SNDRV_CTL_POWER_D2: /* partial On */ + + SNDRV_CTL_POWER_D3hot: /* Off, with power */ + /* everything off except vref/vmid, inactive */ + + SNDRV_CTL_POWER_D3cold: /* Everything Off, without power */ + + +Codec DAC digital mute control +------------------------------ +Most codecs have a digital mute before the DACs that can be used to +minimise any system noise. The mute stops any digital data from +entering the DAC. + +A callback can be created that is called by the core for each codec DAI +when the mute is applied or freed. + +i.e. +:: + + static int wm8974_mute(struct snd_soc_dai *dai, int mute) + { + struct snd_soc_component *component = dai->component; + u16 mute_reg = snd_soc_component_read32(component, WM8974_DAC) & 0xffbf; + + if (mute) + snd_soc_component_write(component, WM8974_DAC, mute_reg | 0x40); + else + snd_soc_component_write(component, WM8974_DAC, mute_reg); + return 0; + } diff --git a/Documentation/sound/soc/dai.rst b/Documentation/sound/soc/dai.rst new file mode 100644 index 000000000..55820e517 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/sound/soc/dai.rst @@ -0,0 +1,64 @@ +================================== +ASoC Digital Audio Interface (DAI) +================================== + +ASoC currently supports the three main Digital Audio Interfaces (DAI) found on +SoC controllers and portable audio CODECs today, namely AC97, I2S and PCM. + + +AC97 +==== + +AC97 is a five wire interface commonly found on many PC sound cards. It is +now also popular in many portable devices. This DAI has a reset line and time +multiplexes its data on its SDATA_OUT (playback) and SDATA_IN (capture) lines. +The bit clock (BCLK) is always driven by the CODEC (usually 12.288MHz) and the +frame (FRAME) (usually 48kHz) is always driven by the controller. Each AC97 +frame is 21uS long and is divided into 13 time slots. + +The AC97 specification can be found at : +http://www.intel.com/p/en_US/business/design + + +I2S +=== + +I2S is a common 4 wire DAI used in HiFi, STB and portable devices. The Tx and +Rx lines are used for audio transmission, whilst the bit clock (BCLK) and +left/right clock (LRC) synchronise the link. I2S is flexible in that either the +controller or CODEC can drive (master) the BCLK and LRC clock lines. Bit clock +usually varies depending on the sample rate and the master system clock +(SYSCLK). LRCLK is the same as the sample rate. A few devices support separate +ADC and DAC LRCLKs, this allows for simultaneous capture and playback at +different sample rates. + +I2S has several different operating modes:- + +I2S + MSB is transmitted on the falling edge of the first BCLK after LRC + transition. + +Left Justified + MSB is transmitted on transition of LRC. + +Right Justified + MSB is transmitted sample size BCLKs before LRC transition. + +PCM +=== + +PCM is another 4 wire interface, very similar to I2S, which can support a more +flexible protocol. It has bit clock (BCLK) and sync (SYNC) lines that are used +to synchronise the link whilst the Tx and Rx lines are used to transmit and +receive the audio data. Bit clock usually varies depending on sample rate +whilst sync runs at the sample rate. PCM also supports Time Division +Multiplexing (TDM) in that several devices can use the bus simultaneously (this +is sometimes referred to as network mode). + +Common PCM operating modes:- + +Mode A + MSB is transmitted on falling edge of first BCLK after FRAME/SYNC. + +Mode B + MSB is transmitted on rising edge of FRAME/SYNC. diff --git a/Documentation/sound/soc/dapm.rst b/Documentation/sound/soc/dapm.rst new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8e4410793 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/sound/soc/dapm.rst @@ -0,0 +1,360 @@ +=================================================== +Dynamic Audio Power Management for Portable Devices +=================================================== + +Description +=========== + +Dynamic Audio Power Management (DAPM) is designed to allow portable +Linux devices to use the minimum amount of power within the audio +subsystem at all times. It is independent of other kernel PM and as +such, can easily co-exist with the other PM systems. + +DAPM is also completely transparent to all user space applications as +all power switching is done within the ASoC core. No code changes or +recompiling are required for user space applications. DAPM makes power +switching decisions based upon any audio stream (capture/playback) +activity and audio mixer settings within the device. + +DAPM spans the whole machine. It covers power control within the entire +audio subsystem, this includes internal codec power blocks and machine +level power systems. + +There are 4 power domains within DAPM + +Codec bias domain + VREF, VMID (core codec and audio power) + + Usually controlled at codec probe/remove and suspend/resume, although + can be set at stream time if power is not needed for sidetone, etc. + +Platform/Machine domain + physically connected inputs and outputs + + Is platform/machine and user action specific, is configured by the + machine driver and responds to asynchronous events e.g when HP + are inserted + +Path domain + audio subsystem signal paths + + Automatically set when mixer and mux settings are changed by the user. + e.g. alsamixer, amixer. + +Stream domain + DACs and ADCs. + + Enabled and disabled when stream playback/capture is started and + stopped respectively. e.g. aplay, arecord. + +All DAPM power switching decisions are made automatically by consulting an audio +routing map of the whole machine. This map is specific to each machine and +consists of the interconnections between every audio component (including +internal codec components). All audio components that effect power are called +widgets hereafter. + + +DAPM Widgets +============ + +Audio DAPM widgets fall into a number of types:- + +Mixer + Mixes several analog signals into a single analog signal. +Mux + An analog switch that outputs only one of many inputs. +PGA + A programmable gain amplifier or attenuation widget. +ADC + Analog to Digital Converter +DAC + Digital to Analog Converter +Switch + An analog switch +Input + A codec input pin +Output + A codec output pin +Headphone + Headphone (and optional Jack) +Mic + Mic (and optional Jack) +Line + Line Input/Output (and optional Jack) +Speaker + Speaker +Supply + Power or clock supply widget used by other widgets. +Regulator + External regulator that supplies power to audio components. +Clock + External clock that supplies clock to audio components. +AIF IN + Audio Interface Input (with TDM slot mask). +AIF OUT + Audio Interface Output (with TDM slot mask). +Siggen + Signal Generator. +DAI IN + Digital Audio Interface Input. +DAI OUT + Digital Audio Interface Output. +DAI Link + DAI Link between two DAI structures +Pre + Special PRE widget (exec before all others) +Post + Special POST widget (exec after all others) +Buffer + Inter widget audio data buffer within a DSP. +Scheduler + DSP internal scheduler that schedules component/pipeline processing + work. +Effect + Widget that performs an audio processing effect. +SRC + Sample Rate Converter within DSP or CODEC +ASRC + Asynchronous Sample Rate Converter within DSP or CODEC +Encoder + Widget that encodes audio data from one format (usually PCM) to another + usually more compressed format. +Decoder + Widget that decodes audio data from a compressed format to an + uncompressed format like PCM. + + +(Widgets are defined in include/sound/soc-dapm.h) + +Widgets can be added to the sound card by any of the component driver types. +There are convenience macros defined in soc-dapm.h that can be used to quickly +build a list of widgets of the codecs and machines DAPM widgets. + +Most widgets have a name, register, shift and invert. Some widgets have extra +parameters for stream name and kcontrols. + + +Stream Domain Widgets +--------------------- + +Stream Widgets relate to the stream power domain and only consist of ADCs +(analog to digital converters), DACs (digital to analog converters), +AIF IN and AIF OUT. + +Stream widgets have the following format:- +:: + + SND_SOC_DAPM_DAC(name, stream name, reg, shift, invert), + SND_SOC_DAPM_AIF_IN(name, stream, slot, reg, shift, invert) + +NOTE: the stream name must match the corresponding stream name in your codec +snd_soc_codec_dai. + +e.g. stream widgets for HiFi playback and capture +:: + + SND_SOC_DAPM_DAC("HiFi DAC", "HiFi Playback", REG, 3, 1), + SND_SOC_DAPM_ADC("HiFi ADC", "HiFi Capture", REG, 2, 1), + +e.g. stream widgets for AIF +:: + + SND_SOC_DAPM_AIF_IN("AIF1RX", "AIF1 Playback", 0, SND_SOC_NOPM, 0, 0), + SND_SOC_DAPM_AIF_OUT("AIF1TX", "AIF1 Capture", 0, SND_SOC_NOPM, 0, 0), + + +Path Domain Widgets +------------------- + +Path domain widgets have a ability to control or affect the audio signal or +audio paths within the audio subsystem. They have the following form:- +:: + + SND_SOC_DAPM_PGA(name, reg, shift, invert, controls, num_controls) + +Any widget kcontrols can be set using the controls and num_controls members. + +e.g. Mixer widget (the kcontrols are declared first) +:: + + /* Output Mixer */ + static const snd_kcontrol_new_t wm8731_output_mixer_controls[] = { + SOC_DAPM_SINGLE("Line Bypass Switch", WM8731_APANA, 3, 1, 0), + SOC_DAPM_SINGLE("Mic Sidetone Switch", WM8731_APANA, 5, 1, 0), + SOC_DAPM_SINGLE("HiFi Playback Switch", WM8731_APANA, 4, 1, 0), + }; + + SND_SOC_DAPM_MIXER("Output Mixer", WM8731_PWR, 4, 1, wm8731_output_mixer_controls, + ARRAY_SIZE(wm8731_output_mixer_controls)), + +If you don't want the mixer elements prefixed with the name of the mixer widget, +you can use SND_SOC_DAPM_MIXER_NAMED_CTL instead. the parameters are the same +as for SND_SOC_DAPM_MIXER. + + +Machine domain Widgets +---------------------- + +Machine widgets are different from codec widgets in that they don't have a +codec register bit associated with them. A machine widget is assigned to each +machine audio component (non codec or DSP) that can be independently +powered. e.g. + +* Speaker Amp +* Microphone Bias +* Jack connectors + +A machine widget can have an optional call back. + +e.g. Jack connector widget for an external Mic that enables Mic Bias +when the Mic is inserted:-:: + + static int spitz_mic_bias(struct snd_soc_dapm_widget* w, int event) + { + gpio_set_value(SPITZ_GPIO_MIC_BIAS, SND_SOC_DAPM_EVENT_ON(event)); + return 0; + } + + SND_SOC_DAPM_MIC("Mic Jack", spitz_mic_bias), + + +Codec (BIAS) Domain +------------------- + +The codec bias power domain has no widgets and is handled by the codecs DAPM +event handler. This handler is called when the codec powerstate is changed wrt +to any stream event or by kernel PM events. + + +Virtual Widgets +--------------- + +Sometimes widgets exist in the codec or machine audio map that don't have any +corresponding soft power control. In this case it is necessary to create +a virtual widget - a widget with no control bits e.g. +:: + + SND_SOC_DAPM_MIXER("AC97 Mixer", SND_SOC_DAPM_NOPM, 0, 0, NULL, 0), + +This can be used to merge to signal paths together in software. + +After all the widgets have been defined, they can then be added to the DAPM +subsystem individually with a call to snd_soc_dapm_new_control(). + + +Codec/DSP Widget Interconnections +================================= + +Widgets are connected to each other within the codec, platform and machine by +audio paths (called interconnections). Each interconnection must be defined in +order to create a map of all audio paths between widgets. + +This is easiest with a diagram of the codec or DSP (and schematic of the machine +audio system), as it requires joining widgets together via their audio signal +paths. + +e.g., from the WM8731 output mixer (wm8731.c) + +The WM8731 output mixer has 3 inputs (sources) + +1. Line Bypass Input +2. DAC (HiFi playback) +3. Mic Sidetone Input + +Each input in this example has a kcontrol associated with it (defined in example +above) and is connected to the output mixer via its kcontrol name. We can now +connect the destination widget (wrt audio signal) with its source widgets. +:: + + /* output mixer */ + {"Output Mixer", "Line Bypass Switch", "Line Input"}, + {"Output Mixer", "HiFi Playback Switch", "DAC"}, + {"Output Mixer", "Mic Sidetone Switch", "Mic Bias"}, + +So we have :- + +* Destination Widget <=== Path Name <=== Source Widget, or +* Sink, Path, Source, or +* ``Output Mixer`` is connected to the ``DAC`` via the ``HiFi Playback Switch``. + +When there is no path name connecting widgets (e.g. a direct connection) we +pass NULL for the path name. + +Interconnections are created with a call to:- +:: + + snd_soc_dapm_connect_input(codec, sink, path, source); + +Finally, snd_soc_dapm_new_widgets(codec) must be called after all widgets and +interconnections have been registered with the core. This causes the core to +scan the codec and machine so that the internal DAPM state matches the +physical state of the machine. + + +Machine Widget Interconnections +------------------------------- +Machine widget interconnections are created in the same way as codec ones and +directly connect the codec pins to machine level widgets. + +e.g. connects the speaker out codec pins to the internal speaker. +:: + + /* ext speaker connected to codec pins LOUT2, ROUT2 */ + {"Ext Spk", NULL , "ROUT2"}, + {"Ext Spk", NULL , "LOUT2"}, + +This allows the DAPM to power on and off pins that are connected (and in use) +and pins that are NC respectively. + + +Endpoint Widgets +================ +An endpoint is a start or end point (widget) of an audio signal within the +machine and includes the codec. e.g. + +* Headphone Jack +* Internal Speaker +* Internal Mic +* Mic Jack +* Codec Pins + +Endpoints are added to the DAPM graph so that their usage can be determined in +order to save power. e.g. NC codecs pins will be switched OFF, unconnected +jacks can also be switched OFF. + + +DAPM Widget Events +================== + +Some widgets can register their interest with the DAPM core in PM events. +e.g. A Speaker with an amplifier registers a widget so the amplifier can be +powered only when the spk is in use. +:: + + /* turn speaker amplifier on/off depending on use */ + static int corgi_amp_event(struct snd_soc_dapm_widget *w, int event) + { + gpio_set_value(CORGI_GPIO_APM_ON, SND_SOC_DAPM_EVENT_ON(event)); + return 0; + } + + /* corgi machine dapm widgets */ + static const struct snd_soc_dapm_widget wm8731_dapm_widgets = + SND_SOC_DAPM_SPK("Ext Spk", corgi_amp_event); + +Please see soc-dapm.h for all other widgets that support events. + + +Event types +----------- + +The following event types are supported by event widgets. +:: + + /* dapm event types */ + #define SND_SOC_DAPM_PRE_PMU 0x1 /* before widget power up */ + #define SND_SOC_DAPM_POST_PMU 0x2 /* after widget power up */ + #define SND_SOC_DAPM_PRE_PMD 0x4 /* before widget power down */ + #define SND_SOC_DAPM_POST_PMD 0x8 /* after widget power down */ + #define SND_SOC_DAPM_PRE_REG 0x10 /* before audio path setup */ + #define SND_SOC_DAPM_POST_REG 0x20 /* after audio path setup */ diff --git a/Documentation/sound/soc/dpcm.rst b/Documentation/sound/soc/dpcm.rst new file mode 100644 index 000000000..fe61e0227 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/sound/soc/dpcm.rst @@ -0,0 +1,390 @@ +=========== +Dynamic PCM +=========== + +Description +=========== + +Dynamic PCM allows an ALSA PCM device to digitally route its PCM audio to +various digital endpoints during the PCM stream runtime. e.g. PCM0 can route +digital audio to I2S DAI0, I2S DAI1 or PDM DAI2. This is useful for on SoC DSP +drivers that expose several ALSA PCMs and can route to multiple DAIs. + +The DPCM runtime routing is determined by the ALSA mixer settings in the same +way as the analog signal is routed in an ASoC codec driver. DPCM uses a DAPM +graph representing the DSP internal audio paths and uses the mixer settings to +determine the patch used by each ALSA PCM. + +DPCM re-uses all the existing component codec, platform and DAI drivers without +any modifications. + + +Phone Audio System with SoC based DSP +------------------------------------- + +Consider the following phone audio subsystem. This will be used in this +document for all examples :- +:: + + | Front End PCMs | SoC DSP | Back End DAIs | Audio devices | + + ************* + PCM0 <------------> * * <----DAI0-----> Codec Headset + * * + PCM1 <------------> * * <----DAI1-----> Codec Speakers + * DSP * + PCM2 <------------> * * <----DAI2-----> MODEM + * * + PCM3 <------------> * * <----DAI3-----> BT + * * + * * <----DAI4-----> DMIC + * * + * * <----DAI5-----> FM + ************* + +This diagram shows a simple smart phone audio subsystem. It supports Bluetooth, +FM digital radio, Speakers, Headset Jack, digital microphones and cellular +modem. This sound card exposes 4 DSP front end (FE) ALSA PCM devices and +supports 6 back end (BE) DAIs. Each FE PCM can digitally route audio data to any +of the BE DAIs. The FE PCM devices can also route audio to more than 1 BE DAI. + + + +Example - DPCM Switching playback from DAI0 to DAI1 +--------------------------------------------------- + +Audio is being played to the Headset. After a while the user removes the headset +and audio continues playing on the speakers. + +Playback on PCM0 to Headset would look like :- +:: + + ************* + PCM0 <============> * * <====DAI0=====> Codec Headset + * * + PCM1 <------------> * * <----DAI1-----> Codec Speakers + * DSP * + PCM2 <------------> * * <----DAI2-----> MODEM + * * + PCM3 <------------> * * <----DAI3-----> BT + * * + * * <----DAI4-----> DMIC + * * + * * <----DAI5-----> FM + ************* + +The headset is removed from the jack by user so the speakers must now be used :- +:: + + ************* + PCM0 <============> * * <----DAI0-----> Codec Headset + * * + PCM1 <------------> * * <====DAI1=====> Codec Speakers + * DSP * + PCM2 <------------> * * <----DAI2-----> MODEM + * * + PCM3 <------------> * * <----DAI3-----> BT + * * + * * <----DAI4-----> DMIC + * * + * * <----DAI5-----> FM + ************* + +The audio driver processes this as follows :- + +1. Machine driver receives Jack removal event. + +2. Machine driver OR audio HAL disables the Headset path. + +3. DPCM runs the PCM trigger(stop), hw_free(), shutdown() operations on DAI0 + for headset since the path is now disabled. + +4. Machine driver or audio HAL enables the speaker path. + +5. DPCM runs the PCM ops for startup(), hw_params(), prepapre() and + trigger(start) for DAI1 Speakers since the path is enabled. + +In this example, the machine driver or userspace audio HAL can alter the routing +and then DPCM will take care of managing the DAI PCM operations to either bring +the link up or down. Audio playback does not stop during this transition. + + + +DPCM machine driver +=================== + +The DPCM enabled ASoC machine driver is similar to normal machine drivers +except that we also have to :- + +1. Define the FE and BE DAI links. + +2. Define any FE/BE PCM operations. + +3. Define widget graph connections. + + +FE and BE DAI links +------------------- +:: + + | Front End PCMs | SoC DSP | Back End DAIs | Audio devices | + + ************* + PCM0 <------------> * * <----DAI0-----> Codec Headset + * * + PCM1 <------------> * * <----DAI1-----> Codec Speakers + * DSP * + PCM2 <------------> * * <----DAI2-----> MODEM + * * + PCM3 <------------> * * <----DAI3-----> BT + * * + * * <----DAI4-----> DMIC + * * + * * <----DAI5-----> FM + ************* + +For the example above we have to define 4 FE DAI links and 6 BE DAI links. The +FE DAI links are defined as follows :- +:: + + static struct snd_soc_dai_link machine_dais[] = { + { + .name = "PCM0 System", + .stream_name = "System Playback", + .cpu_dai_name = "System Pin", + .platform_name = "dsp-audio", + .codec_name = "snd-soc-dummy", + .codec_dai_name = "snd-soc-dummy-dai", + .dynamic = 1, + .trigger = {SND_SOC_DPCM_TRIGGER_POST, SND_SOC_DPCM_TRIGGER_POST}, + .dpcm_playback = 1, + }, + .....< other FE and BE DAI links here > + }; + +This FE DAI link is pretty similar to a regular DAI link except that we also +set the DAI link to a DPCM FE with the ``dynamic = 1``. The supported FE stream +directions should also be set with the ``dpcm_playback`` and ``dpcm_capture`` +flags. There is also an option to specify the ordering of the trigger call for +each FE. This allows the ASoC core to trigger the DSP before or after the other +components (as some DSPs have strong requirements for the ordering DAI/DSP +start and stop sequences). + +The FE DAI above sets the codec and code DAIs to dummy devices since the BE is +dynamic and will change depending on runtime config. + +The BE DAIs are configured as follows :- +:: + + static struct snd_soc_dai_link machine_dais[] = { + .....< FE DAI links here > + { + .name = "Codec Headset", + .cpu_dai_name = "ssp-dai.0", + .platform_name = "snd-soc-dummy", + .no_pcm = 1, + .codec_name = "rt5640.0-001c", + .codec_dai_name = "rt5640-aif1", + .ignore_suspend = 1, + .ignore_pmdown_time = 1, + .be_hw_params_fixup = hswult_ssp0_fixup, + .ops = &haswell_ops, + .dpcm_playback = 1, + .dpcm_capture = 1, + }, + .....< other BE DAI links here > + }; + +This BE DAI link connects DAI0 to the codec (in this case RT5460 AIF1). It sets +the ``no_pcm`` flag to mark it has a BE and sets flags for supported stream +directions using ``dpcm_playback`` and ``dpcm_capture`` above. + +The BE has also flags set for ignoring suspend and PM down time. This allows +the BE to work in a hostless mode where the host CPU is not transferring data +like a BT phone call :- +:: + + ************* + PCM0 <------------> * * <----DAI0-----> Codec Headset + * * + PCM1 <------------> * * <----DAI1-----> Codec Speakers + * DSP * + PCM2 <------------> * * <====DAI2=====> MODEM + * * + PCM3 <------------> * * <====DAI3=====> BT + * * + * * <----DAI4-----> DMIC + * * + * * <----DAI5-----> FM + ************* + +This allows the host CPU to sleep whilst the DSP, MODEM DAI and the BT DAI are +still in operation. + +A BE DAI link can also set the codec to a dummy device if the code is a device +that is managed externally. + +Likewise a BE DAI can also set a dummy cpu DAI if the CPU DAI is managed by the +DSP firmware. + + +FE/BE PCM operations +-------------------- + +The BE above also exports some PCM operations and a ``fixup`` callback. The fixup +callback is used by the machine driver to (re)configure the DAI based upon the +FE hw params. i.e. the DSP may perform SRC or ASRC from the FE to BE. + +e.g. DSP converts all FE hw params to run at fixed rate of 48k, 16bit, stereo for +DAI0. This means all FE hw_params have to be fixed in the machine driver for +DAI0 so that the DAI is running at desired configuration regardless of the FE +configuration. +:: + + static int dai0_fixup(struct snd_soc_pcm_runtime *rtd, + struct snd_pcm_hw_params *params) + { + struct snd_interval *rate = hw_param_interval(params, + SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_RATE); + struct snd_interval *channels = hw_param_interval(params, + SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_CHANNELS); + + /* The DSP will covert the FE rate to 48k, stereo */ + rate->min = rate->max = 48000; + channels->min = channels->max = 2; + + /* set DAI0 to 16 bit */ + params_set_format(params, SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_S16_LE); + return 0; + } + +The other PCM operation are the same as for regular DAI links. Use as necessary. + + +Widget graph connections +------------------------ + +The BE DAI links will normally be connected to the graph at initialisation time +by the ASoC DAPM core. However, if the BE codec or BE DAI is a dummy then this +has to be set explicitly in the driver :- +:: + + /* BE for codec Headset - DAI0 is dummy and managed by DSP FW */ + {"DAI0 CODEC IN", NULL, "AIF1 Capture"}, + {"AIF1 Playback", NULL, "DAI0 CODEC OUT"}, + + +Writing a DPCM DSP driver +========================= + +The DPCM DSP driver looks much like a standard platform class ASoC driver +combined with elements from a codec class driver. A DSP platform driver must +implement :- + +1. Front End PCM DAIs - i.e. struct snd_soc_dai_driver. + +2. DAPM graph showing DSP audio routing from FE DAIs to BEs. + +3. DAPM widgets from DSP graph. + +4. Mixers for gains, routing, etc. + +5. DMA configuration. + +6. BE AIF widgets. + +Items 6 is important for routing the audio outside of the DSP. AIF need to be +defined for each BE and each stream direction. e.g for BE DAI0 above we would +have :- +:: + + SND_SOC_DAPM_AIF_IN("DAI0 RX", NULL, 0, SND_SOC_NOPM, 0, 0), + SND_SOC_DAPM_AIF_OUT("DAI0 TX", NULL, 0, SND_SOC_NOPM, 0, 0), + +The BE AIF are used to connect the DSP graph to the graphs for the other +component drivers (e.g. codec graph). + + +Hostless PCM streams +==================== + +A hostless PCM stream is a stream that is not routed through the host CPU. An +example of this would be a phone call from handset to modem. +:: + + ************* + PCM0 <------------> * * <----DAI0-----> Codec Headset + * * + PCM1 <------------> * * <====DAI1=====> Codec Speakers/Mic + * DSP * + PCM2 <------------> * * <====DAI2=====> MODEM + * * + PCM3 <------------> * * <----DAI3-----> BT + * * + * * <----DAI4-----> DMIC + * * + * * <----DAI5-----> FM + ************* + +In this case the PCM data is routed via the DSP. The host CPU in this use case +is only used for control and can sleep during the runtime of the stream. + +The host can control the hostless link either by :- + + 1. Configuring the link as a CODEC <-> CODEC style link. In this case the link + is enabled or disabled by the state of the DAPM graph. This usually means + there is a mixer control that can be used to connect or disconnect the path + between both DAIs. + + 2. Hostless FE. This FE has a virtual connection to the BE DAI links on the DAPM + graph. Control is then carried out by the FE as regular PCM operations. + This method gives more control over the DAI links, but requires much more + userspace code to control the link. Its recommended to use CODEC<->CODEC + unless your HW needs more fine grained sequencing of the PCM ops. + + +CODEC <-> CODEC link +-------------------- + +This DAI link is enabled when DAPM detects a valid path within the DAPM graph. +The machine driver sets some additional parameters to the DAI link i.e. +:: + + static const struct snd_soc_pcm_stream dai_params = { + .formats = SNDRV_PCM_FMTBIT_S32_LE, + .rate_min = 8000, + .rate_max = 8000, + .channels_min = 2, + .channels_max = 2, + }; + + static struct snd_soc_dai_link dais[] = { + < ... more DAI links above ... > + { + .name = "MODEM", + .stream_name = "MODEM", + .cpu_dai_name = "dai2", + .codec_dai_name = "modem-aif1", + .codec_name = "modem", + .dai_fmt = SND_SOC_DAIFMT_I2S | SND_SOC_DAIFMT_NB_NF + | SND_SOC_DAIFMT_CBM_CFM, + .params = &dai_params, + } + < ... more DAI links here ... > + +These parameters are used to configure the DAI hw_params() when DAPM detects a +valid path and then calls the PCM operations to start the link. DAPM will also +call the appropriate PCM operations to disable the DAI when the path is no +longer valid. + + +Hostless FE +----------- + +The DAI link(s) are enabled by a FE that does not read or write any PCM data. +This means creating a new FE that is connected with a virtual path to both +DAI links. The DAI links will be started when the FE PCM is started and stopped +when the FE PCM is stopped. Note that the FE PCM cannot read or write data in +this configuration. + + diff --git a/Documentation/sound/soc/index.rst b/Documentation/sound/soc/index.rst new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e57df2dab --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/sound/soc/index.rst @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +============== +ALSA SoC Layer +============== + +The documentation is spilt into the following sections:- + +.. toctree:: + :maxdepth: 2 + + overview + codec + dai + dapm + platform + machine + pops-clicks + clocking + jack + dpcm + codec-to-codec diff --git a/Documentation/sound/soc/jack.rst b/Documentation/sound/soc/jack.rst new file mode 100644 index 000000000..644b99ecb --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/sound/soc/jack.rst @@ -0,0 +1,72 @@ +=================== +ASoC jack detection +=================== + +ALSA has a standard API for representing physical jacks to user space, +the kernel side of which can be seen in include/sound/jack.h. ASoC +provides a version of this API adding two additional features: + + - It allows more than one jack detection method to work together on one + user visible jack. In embedded systems it is common for multiple + to be present on a single jack but handled by separate bits of + hardware. + + - Integration with DAPM, allowing DAPM endpoints to be updated + automatically based on the detected jack status (eg, turning off the + headphone outputs if no headphones are present). + +This is done by splitting the jacks up into three things working +together: the jack itself represented by a struct snd_soc_jack, sets of +snd_soc_jack_pins representing DAPM endpoints to update and blocks of +code providing jack reporting mechanisms. + +For example, a system may have a stereo headset jack with two reporting +mechanisms, one for the headphone and one for the microphone. Some +systems won't be able to use their speaker output while a headphone is +connected and so will want to make sure to update both speaker and +headphone when the headphone jack status changes. + +The jack - struct snd_soc_jack +============================== + +This represents a physical jack on the system and is what is visible to +user space. The jack itself is completely passive, it is set up by the +machine driver and updated by jack detection methods. + +Jacks are created by the machine driver calling snd_soc_jack_new(). + +snd_soc_jack_pin +================ + +These represent a DAPM pin to update depending on some of the status +bits supported by the jack. Each snd_soc_jack has zero or more of these +which are updated automatically. They are created by the machine driver +and associated with the jack using snd_soc_jack_add_pins(). The status +of the endpoint may configured to be the opposite of the jack status if +required (eg, enabling a built in microphone if a microphone is not +connected via a jack). + +Jack detection methods +====================== + +Actual jack detection is done by code which is able to monitor some +input to the system and update a jack by calling snd_soc_jack_report(), +specifying a subset of bits to update. The jack detection code should +be set up by the machine driver, taking configuration for the jack to +update and the set of things to report when the jack is connected. + +Often this is done based on the status of a GPIO - a handler for this is +provided by the snd_soc_jack_add_gpio() function. Other methods are +also available, for example integrated into CODECs. One example of +CODEC integrated jack detection can be see in the WM8350 driver. + +Each jack may have multiple reporting mechanisms, though it will need at +least one to be useful. + +Machine drivers +=============== + +These are all hooked together by the machine driver depending on the +system hardware. The machine driver will set up the snd_soc_jack and +the list of pins to update then set up one or more jack detection +mechanisms to update that jack based on their current status. diff --git a/Documentation/sound/soc/machine.rst b/Documentation/sound/soc/machine.rst new file mode 100644 index 000000000..515c9444d --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/sound/soc/machine.rst @@ -0,0 +1,97 @@ +=================== +ASoC Machine Driver +=================== + +The ASoC machine (or board) driver is the code that glues together all the +component drivers (e.g. codecs, platforms and DAIs). It also describes the +relationships between each component which include audio paths, GPIOs, +interrupts, clocking, jacks and voltage regulators. + +The machine driver can contain codec and platform specific code. It registers +the audio subsystem with the kernel as a platform device and is represented by +the following struct:- +:: + + /* SoC machine */ + struct snd_soc_card { + char *name; + + ... + + int (*probe)(struct platform_device *pdev); + int (*remove)(struct platform_device *pdev); + + /* the pre and post PM functions are used to do any PM work before and + * after the codec and DAIs do any PM work. */ + int (*suspend_pre)(struct platform_device *pdev, pm_message_t state); + int (*suspend_post)(struct platform_device *pdev, pm_message_t state); + int (*resume_pre)(struct platform_device *pdev); + int (*resume_post)(struct platform_device *pdev); + + ... + + /* CPU <--> Codec DAI links */ + struct snd_soc_dai_link *dai_link; + int num_links; + + ... + }; + +probe()/remove() +---------------- +probe/remove are optional. Do any machine specific probe here. + + +suspend()/resume() +------------------ +The machine driver has pre and post versions of suspend and resume to take care +of any machine audio tasks that have to be done before or after the codec, DAIs +and DMA is suspended and resumed. Optional. + + +Machine DAI Configuration +------------------------- +The machine DAI configuration glues all the codec and CPU DAIs together. It can +also be used to set up the DAI system clock and for any machine related DAI +initialisation e.g. the machine audio map can be connected to the codec audio +map, unconnected codec pins can be set as such. + +struct snd_soc_dai_link is used to set up each DAI in your machine. e.g. +:: + + /* corgi digital audio interface glue - connects codec <--> CPU */ + static struct snd_soc_dai_link corgi_dai = { + .name = "WM8731", + .stream_name = "WM8731", + .cpu_dai_name = "pxa-is2-dai", + .codec_dai_name = "wm8731-hifi", + .platform_name = "pxa-pcm-audio", + .codec_name = "wm8713-codec.0-001a", + .init = corgi_wm8731_init, + .ops = &corgi_ops, + }; + +struct snd_soc_card then sets up the machine with its DAIs. e.g. +:: + + /* corgi audio machine driver */ + static struct snd_soc_card snd_soc_corgi = { + .name = "Corgi", + .dai_link = &corgi_dai, + .num_links = 1, + }; + + +Machine Power Map +----------------- + +The machine driver can optionally extend the codec power map and to become an +audio power map of the audio subsystem. This allows for automatic power up/down +of speaker/HP amplifiers, etc. Codec pins can be connected to the machines jack +sockets in the machine init function. + + +Machine Controls +---------------- + +Machine specific audio mixer controls can be added in the DAI init function. diff --git a/Documentation/sound/soc/overview.rst b/Documentation/sound/soc/overview.rst new file mode 100644 index 000000000..dc8370bbf --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/sound/soc/overview.rst @@ -0,0 +1,69 @@ +======================= +ALSA SoC Layer Overview +======================= + +The overall project goal of the ALSA System on Chip (ASoC) layer is to +provide better ALSA support for embedded system-on-chip processors (e.g. +pxa2xx, au1x00, iMX, etc) and portable audio codecs. Prior to the ASoC +subsystem there was some support in the kernel for SoC audio, however it +had some limitations:- + + * Codec drivers were often tightly coupled to the underlying SoC + CPU. This is not ideal and leads to code duplication - for example, + Linux had different wm8731 drivers for 4 different SoC platforms. + + * There was no standard method to signal user initiated audio events (e.g. + Headphone/Mic insertion, Headphone/Mic detection after an insertion + event). These are quite common events on portable devices and often require + machine specific code to re-route audio, enable amps, etc., after such an + event. + + * Drivers tended to power up the entire codec when playing (or + recording) audio. This is fine for a PC, but tends to waste a lot of + power on portable devices. There was also no support for saving + power via changing codec oversampling rates, bias currents, etc. + + +ASoC Design +=========== + +The ASoC layer is designed to address these issues and provide the following +features :- + + * Codec independence. Allows reuse of codec drivers on other platforms + and machines. + + * Easy I2S/PCM audio interface setup between codec and SoC. Each SoC + interface and codec registers its audio interface capabilities with the + core and are subsequently matched and configured when the application + hardware parameters are known. + + * Dynamic Audio Power Management (DAPM). DAPM automatically sets the codec to + its minimum power state at all times. This includes powering up/down + internal power blocks depending on the internal codec audio routing and any + active streams. + + * Pop and click reduction. Pops and clicks can be reduced by powering the + codec up/down in the correct sequence (including using digital mute). ASoC + signals the codec when to change power states. + + * Machine specific controls: Allow machines to add controls to the sound card + (e.g. volume control for speaker amplifier). + +To achieve all this, ASoC basically splits an embedded audio system into +multiple re-usable component drivers :- + + * Codec class drivers: The codec class driver is platform independent and + contains audio controls, audio interface capabilities, codec DAPM + definition and codec IO functions. This class extends to BT, FM and MODEM + ICs if required. Codec class drivers should be generic code that can run + on any architecture and machine. + + * Platform class drivers: The platform class driver includes the audio DMA + engine driver, digital audio interface (DAI) drivers (e.g. I2S, AC97, PCM) + and any audio DSP drivers for that platform. + + * Machine class driver: The machine driver class acts as the glue that + describes and binds the other component drivers together to form an ALSA + "sound card device". It handles any machine specific controls and + machine level audio events (e.g. turning on an amp at start of playback). diff --git a/Documentation/sound/soc/platform.rst b/Documentation/sound/soc/platform.rst new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c1badea53 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/sound/soc/platform.rst @@ -0,0 +1,78 @@ +==================== +ASoC Platform Driver +==================== + +An ASoC platform driver class can be divided into audio DMA drivers, SoC DAI +drivers and DSP drivers. The platform drivers only target the SoC CPU and must +have no board specific code. + +Audio DMA +========= + +The platform DMA driver optionally supports the following ALSA operations:- +:: + + /* SoC audio ops */ + struct snd_soc_ops { + int (*startup)(struct snd_pcm_substream *); + void (*shutdown)(struct snd_pcm_substream *); + int (*hw_params)(struct snd_pcm_substream *, struct snd_pcm_hw_params *); + int (*hw_free)(struct snd_pcm_substream *); + int (*prepare)(struct snd_pcm_substream *); + int (*trigger)(struct snd_pcm_substream *, int); + }; + +The platform driver exports its DMA functionality via struct +snd_soc_component_driver:- +:: + + struct snd_soc_component_driver { + const char *name; + + ... + int (*probe)(struct snd_soc_component *); + void (*remove)(struct snd_soc_component *); + int (*suspend)(struct snd_soc_component *); + int (*resume)(struct snd_soc_component *); + + /* pcm creation and destruction */ + int (*pcm_new)(struct snd_soc_pcm_runtime *); + void (*pcm_free)(struct snd_pcm *); + + ... + const struct snd_pcm_ops *ops; + const struct snd_compr_ops *compr_ops; + ... + }; + +Please refer to the ALSA driver documentation for details of audio DMA. +http://www.alsa-project.org/~iwai/writing-an-alsa-driver/ + +An example DMA driver is soc/pxa/pxa2xx-pcm.c + + +SoC DAI Drivers +=============== + +Each SoC DAI driver must provide the following features:- + +1. Digital audio interface (DAI) description +2. Digital audio interface configuration +3. PCM's description +4. SYSCLK configuration +5. Suspend and resume (optional) + +Please see codec.rst for a description of items 1 - 4. + + +SoC DSP Drivers +=============== + +Each SoC DSP driver usually supplies the following features :- + +1. DAPM graph +2. Mixer controls +3. DMA IO to/from DSP buffers (if applicable) +4. Definition of DSP front end (FE) PCM devices. + +Please see DPCM.txt for a description of item 4. diff --git a/Documentation/sound/soc/pops-clicks.rst b/Documentation/sound/soc/pops-clicks.rst new file mode 100644 index 000000000..de7eb2a66 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/sound/soc/pops-clicks.rst @@ -0,0 +1,55 @@ +===================== +Audio Pops and Clicks +===================== + +Pops and clicks are unwanted audio artifacts caused by the powering up and down +of components within the audio subsystem. This is noticeable on PCs when an +audio module is either loaded or unloaded (at module load time the sound card is +powered up and causes a popping noise on the speakers). + +Pops and clicks can be more frequent on portable systems with DAPM. This is +because the components within the subsystem are being dynamically powered +depending on the audio usage and this can subsequently cause a small pop or +click every time a component power state is changed. + + +Minimising Playback Pops and Clicks +=================================== + +Playback pops in portable audio subsystems cannot be completely eliminated +currently, however future audio codec hardware will have better pop and click +suppression. Pops can be reduced within playback by powering the audio +components in a specific order. This order is different for startup and +shutdown and follows some basic rules:- +:: + + Startup Order :- DAC --> Mixers --> Output PGA --> Digital Unmute + + Shutdown Order :- Digital Mute --> Output PGA --> Mixers --> DAC + +This assumes that the codec PCM output path from the DAC is via a mixer and then +a PGA (programmable gain amplifier) before being output to the speakers. + + +Minimising Capture Pops and Clicks +================================== + +Capture artifacts are somewhat easier to get rid as we can delay activating the +ADC until all the pops have occurred. This follows similar power rules to +playback in that components are powered in a sequence depending upon stream +startup or shutdown. +:: + + Startup Order - Input PGA --> Mixers --> ADC + + Shutdown Order - ADC --> Mixers --> Input PGA + + +Zipper Noise +============ +An unwanted zipper noise can occur within the audio playback or capture stream +when a volume control is changed near its maximum gain value. The zipper noise +is heard when the gain increase or decrease changes the mean audio signal +amplitude too quickly. It can be minimised by enabling the zero cross setting +for each volume control. The ZC forces the gain change to occur when the signal +crosses the zero amplitude line. |