diff options
Diffstat (limited to '')
| -rw-r--r-- | src/core/main.c | 2690 |
1 files changed, 2690 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/src/core/main.c b/src/core/main.c new file mode 100644 index 0000000..561f956 --- /dev/null +++ b/src/core/main.c @@ -0,0 +1,2690 @@ +/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1+ */ + +#include <errno.h> +#include <fcntl.h> +#include <getopt.h> +#include <signal.h> +#include <stdio.h> +#include <string.h> +#include <sys/mount.h> +#include <sys/prctl.h> +#include <sys/reboot.h> +#include <sys/stat.h> +#include <unistd.h> +#if HAVE_SECCOMP +#include <seccomp.h> +#endif +#if HAVE_VALGRIND_VALGRIND_H +#include <valgrind/valgrind.h> +#endif + +#include "sd-bus.h" +#include "sd-daemon.h" +#include "sd-messages.h" + +#include "alloc-util.h" +#include "architecture.h" +#include "build.h" +#include "bus-error.h" +#include "bus-util.h" +#include "capability-util.h" +#include "cgroup-util.h" +#include "clock-util.h" +#include "conf-parser.h" +#include "cpu-set-util.h" +#include "dbus.h" +#include "dbus-manager.h" +#include "def.h" +#include "emergency-action.h" +#include "env-util.h" +#include "exit-status.h" +#include "fd-util.h" +#include "fdset.h" +#include "fileio.h" +#include "format-util.h" +#include "fs-util.h" +#include "hostname-setup.h" +#include "ima-setup.h" +#include "killall.h" +#include "kmod-setup.h" +#include "load-fragment.h" +#include "log.h" +#include "loopback-setup.h" +#include "machine-id-setup.h" +#include "manager.h" +#include "missing.h" +#include "mount-setup.h" +#include "os-util.h" +#include "pager.h" +#include "parse-util.h" +#include "path-util.h" +#include "pretty-print.h" +#include "proc-cmdline.h" +#include "process-util.h" +#include "raw-clone.h" +#include "rlimit-util.h" +#if HAVE_SECCOMP +#include "seccomp-util.h" +#endif +#include "selinux-setup.h" +#include "selinux-util.h" +#include "signal-util.h" +#include "smack-setup.h" +#include "special.h" +#include "stat-util.h" +#include "stdio-util.h" +#include "strv.h" +#include "switch-root.h" +#include "sysctl-util.h" +#include "terminal-util.h" +#include "umask-util.h" +#include "user-util.h" +#include "util.h" +#include "virt.h" +#include "watchdog.h" + +#if HAS_FEATURE_ADDRESS_SANITIZER +#include <sanitizer/lsan_interface.h> +#endif + +static enum { + ACTION_RUN, + ACTION_HELP, + ACTION_VERSION, + ACTION_TEST, + ACTION_DUMP_CONFIGURATION_ITEMS, + ACTION_DUMP_BUS_PROPERTIES, +} arg_action = ACTION_RUN; +static char *arg_default_unit = NULL; +static bool arg_system = false; +static bool arg_dump_core = true; +static int arg_crash_chvt = -1; +static bool arg_crash_shell = false; +static bool arg_crash_reboot = false; +static char *arg_confirm_spawn = NULL; +static ShowStatus arg_show_status = _SHOW_STATUS_INVALID; +static bool arg_switched_root = false; +static PagerFlags arg_pager_flags = 0; +static bool arg_service_watchdogs = true; +static ExecOutput arg_default_std_output = EXEC_OUTPUT_JOURNAL; +static ExecOutput arg_default_std_error = EXEC_OUTPUT_INHERIT; +static usec_t arg_default_restart_usec = DEFAULT_RESTART_USEC; +static usec_t arg_default_timeout_start_usec = DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_USEC; +static usec_t arg_default_timeout_stop_usec = DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_USEC; +static usec_t arg_default_start_limit_interval = DEFAULT_START_LIMIT_INTERVAL; +static unsigned arg_default_start_limit_burst = DEFAULT_START_LIMIT_BURST; +static usec_t arg_runtime_watchdog = 0; +static usec_t arg_shutdown_watchdog = 10 * USEC_PER_MINUTE; +static char *arg_early_core_pattern = NULL; +static char *arg_watchdog_device = NULL; +static char **arg_default_environment = NULL; +static struct rlimit *arg_default_rlimit[_RLIMIT_MAX] = {}; +static uint64_t arg_capability_bounding_set = CAP_ALL; +static bool arg_no_new_privs = false; +static nsec_t arg_timer_slack_nsec = NSEC_INFINITY; +static usec_t arg_default_timer_accuracy_usec = 1 * USEC_PER_MINUTE; +static Set* arg_syscall_archs = NULL; +static FILE* arg_serialization = NULL; +static int arg_default_cpu_accounting = -1; +static bool arg_default_io_accounting = false; +static bool arg_default_ip_accounting = false; +static bool arg_default_blockio_accounting = false; +static bool arg_default_memory_accounting = MEMORY_ACCOUNTING_DEFAULT; +static bool arg_default_tasks_accounting = true; +static uint64_t arg_default_tasks_max = UINT64_MAX; +static sd_id128_t arg_machine_id = {}; +static EmergencyAction arg_cad_burst_action = EMERGENCY_ACTION_REBOOT_FORCE; + +_noreturn_ static void freeze_or_exit_or_reboot(void) { + + /* If we are running in a contianer, let's prefer exiting, after all we can propagate an exit code to the + * container manager, and thus inform it that something went wrong. */ + if (detect_container() > 0) { + log_emergency("Exiting PID 1..."); + exit(EXIT_EXCEPTION); + } + + if (arg_crash_reboot) { + log_notice("Rebooting in 10s..."); + (void) sleep(10); + + log_notice("Rebooting now..."); + (void) reboot(RB_AUTOBOOT); + log_emergency_errno(errno, "Failed to reboot: %m"); + } + + log_emergency("Freezing execution."); + freeze(); +} + +_noreturn_ static void crash(int sig) { + struct sigaction sa; + pid_t pid; + + if (getpid_cached() != 1) + /* Pass this on immediately, if this is not PID 1 */ + (void) raise(sig); + else if (!arg_dump_core) + log_emergency("Caught <%s>, not dumping core.", signal_to_string(sig)); + else { + sa = (struct sigaction) { + .sa_handler = nop_signal_handler, + .sa_flags = SA_NOCLDSTOP|SA_RESTART, + }; + + /* We want to wait for the core process, hence let's enable SIGCHLD */ + (void) sigaction(SIGCHLD, &sa, NULL); + + pid = raw_clone(SIGCHLD); + if (pid < 0) + log_emergency_errno(errno, "Caught <%s>, cannot fork for core dump: %m", signal_to_string(sig)); + else if (pid == 0) { + /* Enable default signal handler for core dump */ + + sa = (struct sigaction) { + .sa_handler = SIG_DFL, + }; + (void) sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL); + + /* Don't limit the coredump size */ + (void) setrlimit(RLIMIT_CORE, &RLIMIT_MAKE_CONST(RLIM_INFINITY)); + + /* Just to be sure... */ + (void) chdir("/"); + + /* Raise the signal again */ + pid = raw_getpid(); + (void) kill(pid, sig); /* raise() would kill the parent */ + + assert_not_reached("We shouldn't be here..."); + _exit(EXIT_EXCEPTION); + } else { + siginfo_t status; + int r; + + /* Order things nicely. */ + r = wait_for_terminate(pid, &status); + if (r < 0) + log_emergency_errno(r, "Caught <%s>, waitpid() failed: %m", signal_to_string(sig)); + else if (status.si_code != CLD_DUMPED) + log_emergency("Caught <%s>, core dump failed (child "PID_FMT", code=%s, status=%i/%s).", + signal_to_string(sig), + pid, sigchld_code_to_string(status.si_code), + status.si_status, + strna(status.si_code == CLD_EXITED + ? exit_status_to_string(status.si_status, EXIT_STATUS_MINIMAL) + : signal_to_string(status.si_status))); + else + log_emergency("Caught <%s>, dumped core as pid "PID_FMT".", signal_to_string(sig), pid); + } + } + + if (arg_crash_chvt >= 0) + (void) chvt(arg_crash_chvt); + + sa = (struct sigaction) { + .sa_handler = SIG_IGN, + .sa_flags = SA_NOCLDSTOP|SA_NOCLDWAIT|SA_RESTART, + }; + + /* Let the kernel reap children for us */ + (void) sigaction(SIGCHLD, &sa, NULL); + + if (arg_crash_shell) { + log_notice("Executing crash shell in 10s..."); + (void) sleep(10); + + pid = raw_clone(SIGCHLD); + if (pid < 0) + log_emergency_errno(errno, "Failed to fork off crash shell: %m"); + else if (pid == 0) { + (void) setsid(); + (void) make_console_stdio(); + (void) rlimit_nofile_safe(); + (void) execle("/bin/sh", "/bin/sh", NULL, environ); + + log_emergency_errno(errno, "execle() failed: %m"); + _exit(EXIT_EXCEPTION); + } else { + log_info("Spawned crash shell as PID "PID_FMT".", pid); + (void) wait_for_terminate(pid, NULL); + } + } + + freeze_or_exit_or_reboot(); +} + +static void install_crash_handler(void) { + static const struct sigaction sa = { + .sa_handler = crash, + .sa_flags = SA_NODEFER, /* So that we can raise the signal again from the signal handler */ + }; + int r; + + /* We ignore the return value here, since, we don't mind if we + * cannot set up a crash handler */ + r = sigaction_many(&sa, SIGNALS_CRASH_HANDLER, -1); + if (r < 0) + log_debug_errno(r, "I had trouble setting up the crash handler, ignoring: %m"); +} + +static int console_setup(void) { + _cleanup_close_ int tty_fd = -1; + int r; + + tty_fd = open_terminal("/dev/console", O_WRONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC); + if (tty_fd < 0) + return log_error_errno(tty_fd, "Failed to open /dev/console: %m"); + + /* We don't want to force text mode. plymouth may be showing + * pictures already from initrd. */ + r = reset_terminal_fd(tty_fd, false); + if (r < 0) + return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to reset /dev/console: %m"); + + return 0; +} + +static int parse_crash_chvt(const char *value) { + int b; + + if (safe_atoi(value, &arg_crash_chvt) >= 0) + return 0; + + b = parse_boolean(value); + if (b < 0) + return b; + + if (b > 0) + arg_crash_chvt = 0; /* switch to where kmsg goes */ + else + arg_crash_chvt = -1; /* turn off switching */ + + return 0; +} + +static int parse_confirm_spawn(const char *value, char **console) { + char *s; + int r; + + r = value ? parse_boolean(value) : 1; + if (r == 0) { + *console = NULL; + return 0; + } + + if (r > 0) /* on with default tty */ + s = strdup("/dev/console"); + else if (is_path(value)) /* on with fully qualified path */ + s = strdup(value); + else /* on with only a tty file name, not a fully qualified path */ + s = strjoin("/dev/", value); + if (!s) + return -ENOMEM; + + *console = s; + return 0; +} + +static int set_machine_id(const char *m) { + sd_id128_t t; + assert(m); + + if (sd_id128_from_string(m, &t) < 0) + return -EINVAL; + + if (sd_id128_is_null(t)) + return -EINVAL; + + arg_machine_id = t; + return 0; +} + +static int parse_proc_cmdline_item(const char *key, const char *value, void *data) { + + int r; + + assert(key); + + if (STR_IN_SET(key, "systemd.unit", "rd.systemd.unit")) { + + if (proc_cmdline_value_missing(key, value)) + return 0; + + if (!unit_name_is_valid(value, UNIT_NAME_PLAIN|UNIT_NAME_INSTANCE)) + log_warning("Unit name specified on %s= is not valid, ignoring: %s", key, value); + else if (in_initrd() == !!startswith(key, "rd.")) { + if (free_and_strdup(&arg_default_unit, value) < 0) + return log_oom(); + } + + } else if (proc_cmdline_key_streq(key, "systemd.dump_core")) { + + r = value ? parse_boolean(value) : true; + if (r < 0) + log_warning_errno(r, "Failed to parse dump core switch %s, ignoring: %m", value); + else + arg_dump_core = r; + + } else if (proc_cmdline_key_streq(key, "systemd.early_core_pattern")) { + + if (proc_cmdline_value_missing(key, value)) + return 0; + + if (path_is_absolute(value)) + (void) parse_path_argument_and_warn(value, false, &arg_early_core_pattern); + else + log_warning("Specified core pattern '%s' is not an absolute path, ignoring.", value); + + } else if (proc_cmdline_key_streq(key, "systemd.crash_chvt")) { + + if (!value) + arg_crash_chvt = 0; /* turn on */ + else { + r = parse_crash_chvt(value); + if (r < 0) + log_warning_errno(r, "Failed to parse crash chvt switch %s, ignoring: %m", value); + } + + } else if (proc_cmdline_key_streq(key, "systemd.crash_shell")) { + + r = value ? parse_boolean(value) : true; + if (r < 0) + log_warning_errno(r, "Failed to parse crash shell switch %s, ignoring: %m", value); + else + arg_crash_shell = r; + + } else if (proc_cmdline_key_streq(key, "systemd.crash_reboot")) { + + r = value ? parse_boolean(value) : true; + if (r < 0) + log_warning_errno(r, "Failed to parse crash reboot switch %s, ignoring: %m", value); + else + arg_crash_reboot = r; + + } else if (proc_cmdline_key_streq(key, "systemd.confirm_spawn")) { + char *s; + + r = parse_confirm_spawn(value, &s); + if (r < 0) + log_warning_errno(r, "Failed to parse confirm_spawn switch %s, ignoring: %m", value); + else + free_and_replace(arg_confirm_spawn, s); + + } else if (proc_cmdline_key_streq(key, "systemd.service_watchdogs")) { + + r = value ? parse_boolean(value) : true; + if (r < 0) + log_warning_errno(r, "Failed to parse service watchdog switch %s, ignoring: %m", value); + else + arg_service_watchdogs = r; + + } else if (proc_cmdline_key_streq(key, "systemd.show_status")) { + + if (value) { + r = parse_show_status(value, &arg_show_status); + if (r < 0) + log_warning_errno(r, "Failed to parse show status switch %s, ignoring: %m", value); + } else + arg_show_status = SHOW_STATUS_YES; + + } else if (proc_cmdline_key_streq(key, "systemd.default_standard_output")) { + + if (proc_cmdline_value_missing(key, value)) + return 0; + + r = exec_output_from_string(value); + if (r < 0) + log_warning_errno(r, "Failed to parse default standard output switch %s, ignoring: %m", value); + else + arg_default_std_output = r; + + } else if (proc_cmdline_key_streq(key, "systemd.default_standard_error")) { + + if (proc_cmdline_value_missing(key, value)) + return 0; + + r = exec_output_from_string(value); + if (r < 0) + log_warning_errno(r, "Failed to parse default standard error switch %s, ignoring: %m", value); + else + arg_default_std_error = r; + + } else if (streq(key, "systemd.setenv")) { + + if (proc_cmdline_value_missing(key, value)) + return 0; + + if (env_assignment_is_valid(value)) { + char **env; + + env = strv_env_set(arg_default_environment, value); + if (!env) + return log_oom(); + + arg_default_environment = env; + } else + log_warning("Environment variable name '%s' is not valid. Ignoring.", value); + + } else if (proc_cmdline_key_streq(key, "systemd.machine_id")) { + + if (proc_cmdline_value_missing(key, value)) + return 0; + + r = set_machine_id(value); + if (r < 0) + log_warning_errno(r, "MachineID '%s' is not valid, ignoring: %m", value); + + } else if (proc_cmdline_key_streq(key, "systemd.default_timeout_start_sec")) { + + if (proc_cmdline_value_missing(key, value)) + return 0; + + r = parse_sec(value, &arg_default_timeout_start_usec); + if (r < 0) + log_warning_errno(r, "Failed to parse default start timeout '%s', ignoring: %m", value); + + if (arg_default_timeout_start_usec <= 0) + arg_default_timeout_start_usec = USEC_INFINITY; + + } else if (proc_cmdline_key_streq(key, "systemd.watchdog_device")) { + + if (proc_cmdline_value_missing(key, value)) + return 0; + + (void) parse_path_argument_and_warn(value, false, &arg_watchdog_device); + + } else if (streq(key, "quiet") && !value) { + + if (arg_show_status == _SHOW_STATUS_INVALID) + arg_show_status = SHOW_STATUS_AUTO; + + } else if (streq(key, "debug") && !value) { + + /* Note that log_parse_environment() handles 'debug' + * too, and sets the log level to LOG_DEBUG. */ + + if (detect_container() > 0) + log_set_target(LOG_TARGET_CONSOLE); + + } else if (!value) { + const char *target; + + /* SysV compatibility */ + target = runlevel_to_target(key); + if (target) + return free_and_strdup(&arg_default_unit, target); + } + + return 0; +} + +#define DEFINE_SETTER(name, func, descr) \ + static int name(const char *unit, \ + const char *filename, \ + unsigned line, \ + const char *section, \ + unsigned section_line, \ + const char *lvalue, \ + int ltype, \ + const char *rvalue, \ + void *data, \ + void *userdata) { \ + \ + int r; \ + \ + assert(filename); \ + assert(lvalue); \ + assert(rvalue); \ + \ + r = func(rvalue); \ + if (r < 0) \ + log_syntax(unit, LOG_ERR, filename, line, r, \ + "Invalid " descr "'%s': %m", \ + rvalue); \ + \ + return 0; \ + } + +DEFINE_SETTER(config_parse_level2, log_set_max_level_from_string, "log level"); +DEFINE_SETTER(config_parse_target, log_set_target_from_string, "target"); +DEFINE_SETTER(config_parse_color, log_show_color_from_string, "color" ); +DEFINE_SETTER(config_parse_location, log_show_location_from_string, "location"); + +static int config_parse_cpu_affinity2( + const char *unit, + const char *filename, + unsigned line, + const char *section, + unsigned section_line, + const char *lvalue, + int ltype, + const char *rvalue, + void *data, + void *userdata) { + + _cleanup_cpu_free_ cpu_set_t *c = NULL; + int ncpus; + + ncpus = parse_cpu_set_and_warn(rvalue, &c, unit, filename, line, lvalue); + if (ncpus < 0) + return ncpus; + + if (sched_setaffinity(0, CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(ncpus), c) < 0) + log_warning_errno(errno, "Failed to set CPU affinity: %m"); + + return 0; +} + +static int config_parse_show_status( + const char* unit, + const char *filename, + unsigned line, + const char *section, + unsigned section_line, + const char *lvalue, + int ltype, + const char *rvalue, + void *data, + void *userdata) { + + int k; + ShowStatus *b = data; + + assert(filename); + assert(lvalue); + assert(rvalue); + assert(data); + + k = parse_show_status(rvalue, b); + if (k < 0) { + log_syntax(unit, LOG_ERR, filename, line, k, "Failed to parse show status setting, ignoring: %s", rvalue); + return 0; + } + + return 0; +} + +static int config_parse_output_restricted( + const char* unit, + const char *filename, + unsigned line, + const char *section, + unsigned section_line, + const char *lvalue, + int ltype, + const char *rvalue, + void *data, + void *userdata) { + + ExecOutput t, *eo = data; + + assert(filename); + assert(lvalue); + assert(rvalue); + assert(data); + + t = exec_output_from_string(rvalue); + if (t < 0) { + log_syntax(unit, LOG_ERR, filename, line, 0, "Failed to parse output type, ignoring: %s", rvalue); + return 0; + } + + if (IN_SET(t, EXEC_OUTPUT_SOCKET, EXEC_OUTPUT_NAMED_FD, EXEC_OUTPUT_FILE, EXEC_OUTPUT_FILE_APPEND)) { + log_syntax(unit, LOG_ERR, filename, line, 0, "Standard output types socket, fd:, file:, append: are not supported as defaults, ignoring: %s", rvalue); + return 0; + } + + *eo = t; + return 0; +} + +static int config_parse_crash_chvt( + const char* unit, + const char *filename, + unsigned line, + const char *section, + unsigned section_line, + const char *lvalue, + int ltype, + const char *rvalue, + void *data, + void *userdata) { + + int r; + + assert(filename); + assert(lvalue); + assert(rvalue); + + r = parse_crash_chvt(rvalue); + if (r < 0) { + log_syntax(unit, LOG_ERR, filename, line, r, "Failed to parse CrashChangeVT= setting, ignoring: %s", rvalue); + return 0; + } + + return 0; +} + +static int parse_config_file(void) { + + const ConfigTableItem items[] = { + { "Manager", "LogLevel", config_parse_level2, 0, NULL }, + { "Manager", "LogTarget", config_parse_target, 0, NULL }, + { "Manager", "LogColor", config_parse_color, 0, NULL }, + { "Manager", "LogLocation", config_parse_location, 0, NULL }, + { "Manager", "DumpCore", config_parse_bool, 0, &arg_dump_core }, + { "Manager", "CrashChVT", /* legacy */ config_parse_crash_chvt, 0, NULL }, + { "Manager", "CrashChangeVT", config_parse_crash_chvt, 0, NULL }, + { "Manager", "CrashShell", config_parse_bool, 0, &arg_crash_shell }, + { "Manager", "CrashReboot", config_parse_bool, 0, &arg_crash_reboot }, + { "Manager", "ShowStatus", config_parse_show_status, 0, &arg_show_status }, + { "Manager", "CPUAffinity", config_parse_cpu_affinity2, 0, NULL }, + { "Manager", "JoinControllers", config_parse_warn_compat, DISABLED_CONFIGURATION, NULL }, + { "Manager", "RuntimeWatchdogSec", config_parse_sec, 0, &arg_runtime_watchdog }, + { "Manager", "ShutdownWatchdogSec", config_parse_sec, 0, &arg_shutdown_watchdog }, + { "Manager", "WatchdogDevice", config_parse_path, 0, &arg_watchdog_device }, + { "Manager", "CapabilityBoundingSet", config_parse_capability_set, 0, &arg_capability_bounding_set }, + { "Manager", "NoNewPrivileges", config_parse_bool, 0, &arg_no_new_privs }, +#if HAVE_SECCOMP + { "Manager", "SystemCallArchitectures", config_parse_syscall_archs, 0, &arg_syscall_archs }, +#endif + { "Manager", "TimerSlackNSec", config_parse_nsec, 0, &arg_timer_slack_nsec }, + { "Manager", "DefaultTimerAccuracySec", config_parse_sec, 0, &arg_default_timer_accuracy_usec }, + { "Manager", "DefaultStandardOutput", config_parse_output_restricted,0, &arg_default_std_output }, + { "Manager", "DefaultStandardError", config_parse_output_restricted,0, &arg_default_std_error }, + { "Manager", "DefaultTimeoutStartSec", config_parse_sec, 0, &arg_default_timeout_start_usec }, + { "Manager", "DefaultTimeoutStopSec", config_parse_sec, 0, &arg_default_timeout_stop_usec }, + { "Manager", "DefaultRestartSec", config_parse_sec, 0, &arg_default_restart_usec }, + { "Manager", "DefaultStartLimitInterval", config_parse_sec, 0, &arg_default_start_limit_interval }, /* obsolete alias */ + { "Manager", "DefaultStartLimitIntervalSec",config_parse_sec, 0, &arg_default_start_limit_interval }, + { "Manager", "DefaultStartLimitBurst", config_parse_unsigned, 0, &arg_default_start_limit_burst }, + { "Manager", "DefaultEnvironment", config_parse_environ, 0, &arg_default_environment }, + { "Manager", "DefaultLimitCPU", config_parse_rlimit, RLIMIT_CPU, arg_default_rlimit }, + { "Manager", "DefaultLimitFSIZE", config_parse_rlimit, RLIMIT_FSIZE, arg_default_rlimit }, + { "Manager", "DefaultLimitDATA", config_parse_rlimit, RLIMIT_DATA, arg_default_rlimit }, + { "Manager", "DefaultLimitSTACK", config_parse_rlimit, RLIMIT_STACK, arg_default_rlimit }, + { "Manager", "DefaultLimitCORE", config_parse_rlimit, RLIMIT_CORE, arg_default_rlimit }, + { "Manager", "DefaultLimitRSS", config_parse_rlimit, RLIMIT_RSS, arg_default_rlimit }, + { "Manager", "DefaultLimitNOFILE", config_parse_rlimit, RLIMIT_NOFILE, arg_default_rlimit }, + { "Manager", "DefaultLimitAS", config_parse_rlimit, RLIMIT_AS, arg_default_rlimit }, + { "Manager", "DefaultLimitNPROC", config_parse_rlimit, RLIMIT_NPROC, arg_default_rlimit }, + { "Manager", "DefaultLimitMEMLOCK", config_parse_rlimit, RLIMIT_MEMLOCK, arg_default_rlimit }, + { "Manager", "DefaultLimitLOCKS", config_parse_rlimit, RLIMIT_LOCKS, arg_default_rlimit }, + { "Manager", "DefaultLimitSIGPENDING", config_parse_rlimit, RLIMIT_SIGPENDING, arg_default_rlimit }, + { "Manager", "DefaultLimitMSGQUEUE", config_parse_rlimit, RLIMIT_MSGQUEUE, arg_default_rlimit }, + { "Manager", "DefaultLimitNICE", config_parse_rlimit, RLIMIT_NICE, arg_default_rlimit }, + { "Manager", "DefaultLimitRTPRIO", config_parse_rlimit, RLIMIT_RTPRIO, arg_default_rlimit }, + { "Manager", "DefaultLimitRTTIME", config_parse_rlimit, RLIMIT_RTTIME, arg_default_rlimit }, + { "Manager", "DefaultCPUAccounting", config_parse_tristate, 0, &arg_default_cpu_accounting }, + { "Manager", "DefaultIOAccounting", config_parse_bool, 0, &arg_default_io_accounting }, + { "Manager", "DefaultIPAccounting", config_parse_bool, 0, &arg_default_ip_accounting }, + { "Manager", "DefaultBlockIOAccounting", config_parse_bool, 0, &arg_default_blockio_accounting }, + { "Manager", "DefaultMemoryAccounting", config_parse_bool, 0, &arg_default_memory_accounting }, + { "Manager", "DefaultTasksAccounting", config_parse_bool, 0, &arg_default_tasks_accounting }, + { "Manager", "DefaultTasksMax", config_parse_tasks_max, 0, &arg_default_tasks_max }, + { "Manager", "CtrlAltDelBurstAction", config_parse_emergency_action, 0, &arg_cad_burst_action }, + {} + }; + + const char *fn, *conf_dirs_nulstr; + + fn = arg_system ? + PKGSYSCONFDIR "/system.conf" : + PKGSYSCONFDIR "/user.conf"; + + conf_dirs_nulstr = arg_system ? + CONF_PATHS_NULSTR("systemd/system.conf.d") : + CONF_PATHS_NULSTR("systemd/user.conf.d"); + + (void) config_parse_many_nulstr(fn, conf_dirs_nulstr, "Manager\0", config_item_table_lookup, items, CONFIG_PARSE_WARN, NULL); + + /* Traditionally "0" was used to turn off the default unit timeouts. Fix this up so that we used USEC_INFINITY + * like everywhere else. */ + if (arg_default_timeout_start_usec <= 0) + arg_default_timeout_start_usec = USEC_INFINITY; + if (arg_default_timeout_stop_usec <= 0) + arg_default_timeout_stop_usec = USEC_INFINITY; + + return 0; +} + +static void set_manager_defaults(Manager *m) { + + assert(m); + + /* Propagates the various default unit property settings into the manager object, i.e. properties that do not + * affect the manager itself, but are just what newly allocated units will have set if they haven't set + * anything else. (Also see set_manager_settings() for the settings that affect the manager's own behaviour) */ + + m->default_timer_accuracy_usec = arg_default_timer_accuracy_usec; + m->default_std_output = arg_default_std_output; + m->default_std_error = arg_default_std_error; + m->default_timeout_start_usec = arg_default_timeout_start_usec; + m->default_timeout_stop_usec = arg_default_timeout_stop_usec; + m->default_restart_usec = arg_default_restart_usec; + m->default_start_limit_interval = arg_default_start_limit_interval; + m->default_start_limit_burst = arg_default_start_limit_burst; + + /* On 4.15+ with unified hierarchy, CPU accounting is essentially free as it doesn't require the CPU + * controller to be enabled, so the default is to enable it unless we got told otherwise. */ + if (arg_default_cpu_accounting >= 0) + m->default_cpu_accounting = arg_default_cpu_accounting; + else + m->default_cpu_accounting = cpu_accounting_is_cheap(); + + m->default_io_accounting = arg_default_io_accounting; + m->default_ip_accounting = arg_default_ip_accounting; + m->default_blockio_accounting = arg_default_blockio_accounting; + m->default_memory_accounting = arg_default_memory_accounting; + m->default_tasks_accounting = arg_default_tasks_accounting; + m->default_tasks_max = arg_default_tasks_max; + + (void) manager_set_default_rlimits(m, arg_default_rlimit); + + (void) manager_default_environment(m); + (void) manager_transient_environment_add(m, arg_default_environment); +} + +static void set_manager_settings(Manager *m) { + + assert(m); + + /* Propagates the various manager settings into the manager object, i.e. properties that effect the manager + * itself (as opposed to just being inherited into newly allocated units, see set_manager_defaults() above). */ + + m->confirm_spawn = arg_confirm_spawn; + m->service_watchdogs = arg_service_watchdogs; + m->runtime_watchdog = arg_runtime_watchdog; + m->shutdown_watchdog = arg_shutdown_watchdog; + m->cad_burst_action = arg_cad_burst_action; + + manager_set_show_status(m, arg_show_status); +} + +static int parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) { + enum { + ARG_LOG_LEVEL = 0x100, + ARG_LOG_TARGET, + ARG_LOG_COLOR, + ARG_LOG_LOCATION, + ARG_UNIT, + ARG_SYSTEM, + ARG_USER, + ARG_TEST, + ARG_NO_PAGER, + ARG_VERSION, + ARG_DUMP_CONFIGURATION_ITEMS, + ARG_DUMP_BUS_PROPERTIES, + ARG_DUMP_CORE, + ARG_CRASH_CHVT, + ARG_CRASH_SHELL, + ARG_CRASH_REBOOT, + ARG_CONFIRM_SPAWN, + ARG_SHOW_STATUS, + ARG_DESERIALIZE, + ARG_SWITCHED_ROOT, + ARG_DEFAULT_STD_OUTPUT, + ARG_DEFAULT_STD_ERROR, + ARG_MACHINE_ID, + ARG_SERVICE_WATCHDOGS, + }; + + static const struct option options[] = { + { "log-level", required_argument, NULL, ARG_LOG_LEVEL }, + { "log-target", required_argument, NULL, ARG_LOG_TARGET }, + { "log-color", optional_argument, NULL, ARG_LOG_COLOR }, + { "log-location", optional_argument, NULL, ARG_LOG_LOCATION }, + { "unit", required_argument, NULL, ARG_UNIT }, + { "system", no_argument, NULL, ARG_SYSTEM }, + { "user", no_argument, NULL, ARG_USER }, + { "test", no_argument, NULL, ARG_TEST }, + { "no-pager", no_argument, NULL, ARG_NO_PAGER }, + { "help", no_argument, NULL, 'h' }, + { "version", no_argument, NULL, ARG_VERSION }, + { "dump-configuration-items", no_argument, NULL, ARG_DUMP_CONFIGURATION_ITEMS }, + { "dump-bus-properties", no_argument, NULL, ARG_DUMP_BUS_PROPERTIES }, + { "dump-core", optional_argument, NULL, ARG_DUMP_CORE }, + { "crash-chvt", required_argument, NULL, ARG_CRASH_CHVT }, + { "crash-shell", optional_argument, NULL, ARG_CRASH_SHELL }, + { "crash-reboot", optional_argument, NULL, ARG_CRASH_REBOOT }, + { "confirm-spawn", optional_argument, NULL, ARG_CONFIRM_SPAWN }, + { "show-status", optional_argument, NULL, ARG_SHOW_STATUS }, + { "deserialize", required_argument, NULL, ARG_DESERIALIZE }, + { "switched-root", no_argument, NULL, ARG_SWITCHED_ROOT }, + { "default-standard-output", required_argument, NULL, ARG_DEFAULT_STD_OUTPUT, }, + { "default-standard-error", required_argument, NULL, ARG_DEFAULT_STD_ERROR, }, + { "machine-id", required_argument, NULL, ARG_MACHINE_ID }, + { "service-watchdogs", required_argument, NULL, ARG_SERVICE_WATCHDOGS }, + {} + }; + + int c, r; + + assert(argc >= 1); + assert(argv); + + if (getpid_cached() == 1) + opterr = 0; + + while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "hDbsz:", options, NULL)) >= 0) + + switch (c) { + + case ARG_LOG_LEVEL: + r = log_set_max_level_from_string(optarg); + if (r < 0) + return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to parse log level \"%s\": %m", optarg); + + break; + + case ARG_LOG_TARGET: + r = log_set_target_from_string(optarg); + if (r < 0) + return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to parse log target \"%s\": %m", optarg); + + break; + + case ARG_LOG_COLOR: + + if (optarg) { + r = log_show_color_from_string(optarg); + if (r < 0) + return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to parse log color setting \"%s\": %m", + optarg); + } else + log_show_color(true); + + break; + + case ARG_LOG_LOCATION: + if (optarg) { + r = log_show_location_from_string(optarg); + if (r < 0) + return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to parse log location setting \"%s\": %m", + optarg); + } else + log_show_location(true); + + break; + + case ARG_DEFAULT_STD_OUTPUT: + r = exec_output_from_string(optarg); + if (r < 0) + return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to parse default standard output setting \"%s\": %m", + optarg); + arg_default_std_output = r; + break; + + case ARG_DEFAULT_STD_ERROR: + r = exec_output_from_string(optarg); + if (r < 0) + return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to parse default standard error output setting \"%s\": %m", + optarg); + arg_default_std_error = r; + break; + + case ARG_UNIT: + r = free_and_strdup(&arg_default_unit, optarg); + if (r < 0) + return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to set default unit \"%s\": %m", optarg); + + break; + + case ARG_SYSTEM: + arg_system = true; + break; + + case ARG_USER: + arg_system = false; + break; + + case ARG_TEST: + arg_action = ACTION_TEST; + break; + + case ARG_NO_PAGER: + arg_pager_flags |= PAGER_DISABLE; + break; + + case ARG_VERSION: + arg_action = ACTION_VERSION; + break; + + case ARG_DUMP_CONFIGURATION_ITEMS: + arg_action = ACTION_DUMP_CONFIGURATION_ITEMS; + break; + + case ARG_DUMP_BUS_PROPERTIES: + arg_action = ACTION_DUMP_BUS_PROPERTIES; + break; + + case ARG_DUMP_CORE: + if (!optarg) + arg_dump_core = true; + else { + r = parse_boolean(optarg); + if (r < 0) + return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to parse dump core boolean: \"%s\": %m", + optarg); + arg_dump_core = r; + } + break; + + case ARG_CRASH_CHVT: + r = parse_crash_chvt(optarg); + if (r < 0) + return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to parse crash virtual terminal index: \"%s\": %m", + optarg); + break; + + case ARG_CRASH_SHELL: + if (!optarg) + arg_crash_shell = true; + else { + r = parse_boolean(optarg); + if (r < 0) + return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to parse crash shell boolean: \"%s\": %m", + optarg); + arg_crash_shell = r; + } + break; + + case ARG_CRASH_REBOOT: + if (!optarg) + arg_crash_reboot = true; + else { + r = parse_boolean(optarg); + if (r < 0) + return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to parse crash shell boolean: \"%s\": %m", + optarg); + arg_crash_reboot = r; + } + break; + + case ARG_CONFIRM_SPAWN: + arg_confirm_spawn = mfree(arg_confirm_spawn); + + r = parse_confirm_spawn(optarg, &arg_confirm_spawn); + if (r < 0) + return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to parse confirm spawn option: \"%s\": %m", + optarg); + break; + + case ARG_SERVICE_WATCHDOGS: + r = parse_boolean(optarg); + if (r < 0) + return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to parse service watchdogs boolean: \"%s\": %m", + optarg); + arg_service_watchdogs = r; + break; + + case ARG_SHOW_STATUS: + if (optarg) { + r = parse_show_status(optarg, &arg_show_status); + if (r < 0) + return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to parse show status boolean: \"%s\": %m", + optarg); + } else + arg_show_status = SHOW_STATUS_YES; + break; + + case ARG_DESERIALIZE: { + int fd; + FILE *f; + + r = safe_atoi(optarg, &fd); + if (r < 0) + log_error_errno(r, "Failed to parse deserialize option \"%s\": %m", optarg); + if (fd < 0) + return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL), + "Invalid deserialize fd: %d", + fd); + + (void) fd_cloexec(fd, true); + + f = fdopen(fd, "r"); + if (!f) + return log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to open serialization fd %d: %m", fd); + + safe_fclose(arg_serialization); + arg_serialization = f; + + break; + } + + case ARG_SWITCHED_ROOT: + arg_switched_root = true; + break; + + case ARG_MACHINE_ID: + r = set_machine_id(optarg); + if (r < 0) + return log_error_errno(r, "MachineID '%s' is not valid: %m", optarg); + break; + + case 'h': + arg_action = ACTION_HELP; + break; + + case 'D': + log_set_max_level(LOG_DEBUG); + break; + + case 'b': + case 's': + case 'z': + /* Just to eat away the sysvinit kernel + * cmdline args without getopt() error + * messages that we'll parse in + * parse_proc_cmdline_word() or ignore. */ + + case '?': + if (getpid_cached() != 1) + return -EINVAL; + else + return 0; + + default: + assert_not_reached("Unhandled option code."); + } + + if (optind < argc && getpid_cached() != 1) { + /* Hmm, when we aren't run as init system + * let's complain about excess arguments */ + + return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL), + "Excess arguments."); + } + + return 0; +} + +static int help(void) { + _cleanup_free_ char *link = NULL; + int r; + + r = terminal_urlify_man("systemd", "1", &link); + if (r < 0) + return log_oom(); + + printf("%s [OPTIONS...]\n\n" + "Starts up and maintains the system or user services.\n\n" + " -h --help Show this help\n" + " --version Show version\n" + " --test Determine startup sequence, dump it and exit\n" + " --no-pager Do not pipe output into a pager\n" + " --dump-configuration-items Dump understood unit configuration items\n" + " --dump-bus-properties Dump exposed bus properties\n" + " --unit=UNIT Set default unit\n" + " --system Run a system instance, even if PID != 1\n" + " --user Run a user instance\n" + " --dump-core[=BOOL] Dump core on crash\n" + " --crash-vt=NR Change to specified VT on crash\n" + " --crash-reboot[=BOOL] Reboot on crash\n" + " --crash-shell[=BOOL] Run shell on crash\n" + " --confirm-spawn[=BOOL] Ask for confirmation when spawning processes\n" + " --show-status[=BOOL] Show status updates on the console during bootup\n" + " --log-target=TARGET Set log target (console, journal, kmsg, journal-or-kmsg, null)\n" + " --log-level=LEVEL Set log level (debug, info, notice, warning, err, crit, alert, emerg)\n" + " --log-color[=BOOL] Highlight important log messages\n" + " --log-location[=BOOL] Include code location in log messages\n" + " --default-standard-output= Set default standard output for services\n" + " --default-standard-error= Set default standard error output for services\n" + "\nSee the %s for details.\n" + , program_invocation_short_name + , link + ); + + return 0; +} + +static int prepare_reexecute( + Manager *m, + FILE **ret_f, + FDSet **ret_fds, + bool switching_root) { + + _cleanup_fdset_free_ FDSet *fds = NULL; + _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL; + int r; + + assert(m); + assert(ret_f); + assert(ret_fds); + + r = manager_open_serialization(m, &f); + if (r < 0) + return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to create serialization file: %m"); + + /* Make sure nothing is really destructed when we shut down */ + m->n_reloading++; + bus_manager_send_reloading(m, true); + + fds = fdset_new(); + if (!fds) + return log_oom(); + + r = manager_serialize(m, f, fds, switching_root); + if (r < 0) + return r; + + if (fseeko(f, 0, SEEK_SET) == (off_t) -1) + return log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to rewind serialization fd: %m"); + + r = fd_cloexec(fileno(f), false); + if (r < 0) + return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to disable O_CLOEXEC for serialization: %m"); + + r = fdset_cloexec(fds, false); + if (r < 0) + return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to disable O_CLOEXEC for serialization fds: %m"); + + *ret_f = TAKE_PTR(f); + *ret_fds = TAKE_PTR(fds); + + return 0; +} + +static void bump_file_max_and_nr_open(void) { + + /* Let's bump fs.file-max and fs.nr_open to their respective maximums. On current kernels large numbers of file + * descriptors are no longer a performance problem and their memory is properly tracked by memcg, thus counting + * them and limiting them in another two layers of limits is unnecessary and just complicates things. This + * function hence turns off 2 of the 4 levels of limits on file descriptors, and makes RLIMIT_NOLIMIT (soft + + * hard) the only ones that really matter. */ + +#if BUMP_PROC_SYS_FS_FILE_MAX || BUMP_PROC_SYS_FS_NR_OPEN + _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL; + int r; +#endif + +#if BUMP_PROC_SYS_FS_FILE_MAX + /* I so wanted to use STRINGIFY(ULONG_MAX) here, but alas we can't as glibc/gcc define that as + * "(0x7fffffffffffffffL * 2UL + 1UL)". Seriously. 😢 */ + if (asprintf(&t, "%lu\n", ULONG_MAX) < 0) { + log_oom(); + return; + } + + r = sysctl_write("fs/file-max", t); + if (r < 0) + log_full_errno(IN_SET(r, -EROFS, -EPERM, -EACCES) ? LOG_DEBUG : LOG_WARNING, r, "Failed to bump fs.file-max, ignoring: %m"); +#endif + +#if BUMP_PROC_SYS_FS_FILE_MAX && BUMP_PROC_SYS_FS_NR_OPEN + t = mfree(t); +#endif + +#if BUMP_PROC_SYS_FS_NR_OPEN + int v = INT_MAX; + + /* Arg! The kernel enforces maximum and minimum values on the fs.nr_open, but we don't really know what they + * are. The expression by which the maximum is determined is dependent on the architecture, and is something we + * don't really want to copy to userspace, as it is dependent on implementation details of the kernel. Since + * the kernel doesn't expose the maximum value to us, we can only try and hope. Hence, let's start with + * INT_MAX, and then keep halving the value until we find one that works. Ugly? Yes, absolutely, but kernel + * APIs are kernel APIs, so what do can we do... 🤯 */ + + for (;;) { + int k; + + v &= ~(__SIZEOF_POINTER__ - 1); /* Round down to next multiple of the pointer size */ + if (v < 1024) { + log_warning("Can't bump fs.nr_open, value too small."); + break; + } + + k = read_nr_open(); + if (k < 0) { + log_error_errno(k, "Failed to read fs.nr_open: %m"); + break; + } + if (k >= v) { /* Already larger */ + log_debug("Skipping bump, value is already larger."); + break; + } + + if (asprintf(&t, "%i\n", v) < 0) { + log_oom(); + return; + } + + r = sysctl_write("fs/nr_open", t); + t = mfree(t); + if (r == -EINVAL) { + log_debug("Couldn't write fs.nr_open as %i, halving it.", v); + v /= 2; + continue; + } + if (r < 0) { + log_full_errno(IN_SET(r, -EROFS, -EPERM, -EACCES) ? LOG_DEBUG : LOG_WARNING, r, "Failed to bump fs.nr_open, ignoring: %m"); + break; + } + + log_debug("Successfully bumped fs.nr_open to %i", v); + break; + } +#endif +} + +static int bump_rlimit_nofile(struct rlimit *saved_rlimit) { + struct rlimit new_rlimit; + int r, nr; + + assert(saved_rlimit); + + /* Save the original RLIMIT_NOFILE so that we can reset it later when transitioning from the initrd to the main + * systemd or suchlike. */ + if (getrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE, saved_rlimit) < 0) + return log_warning_errno(errno, "Reading RLIMIT_NOFILE failed, ignoring: %m"); + + /* Get the underlying absolute limit the kernel enforces */ + nr = read_nr_open(); + + /* Make sure forked processes get limits based on the original kernel setting */ + if (!arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_NOFILE]) { + struct rlimit *rl; + + rl = newdup(struct rlimit, saved_rlimit, 1); + if (!rl) + return log_oom(); + + /* Bump the hard limit for system services to a substantially higher value. The default hard limit + * current kernels set is pretty low (4K), mostly for historical reasons. According to kernel + * developers, the fd handling in recent kernels has been optimized substantially enough, so that we + * can bump the limit now, without paying too high a price in memory or performance. Note however that + * we only bump the hard limit, not the soft limit. That's because select() works the way it works, and + * chokes on fds >= 1024. If we'd bump the soft limit globally, it might accidentally happen to + * unexpecting programs that they get fds higher than what they can process using select(). By only + * bumping the hard limit but leaving the low limit as it is we avoid this pitfall: programs that are + * written by folks aware of the select() problem in mind (and thus use poll()/epoll instead of + * select(), the way everybody should) can explicitly opt into high fds by bumping their soft limit + * beyond 1024, to the hard limit we pass. */ + if (arg_system) + rl->rlim_max = MIN((rlim_t) nr, MAX(rl->rlim_max, (rlim_t) HIGH_RLIMIT_NOFILE)); + + /* If for some reason we were invoked with a soft limit above 1024 (which should never + * happen!, but who knows what we get passed in from pam_limit when invoked as --user + * instance), then lower what we pass on to not confuse our children */ + rl->rlim_cur = MIN(rl->rlim_cur, (rlim_t) FD_SETSIZE); + + arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_NOFILE] = rl; + } + + /* Calculate the new limits to use for us. Never lower from what we inherited. */ + new_rlimit = (struct rlimit) { + .rlim_cur = MAX((rlim_t) nr, saved_rlimit->rlim_cur), + .rlim_max = MAX((rlim_t) nr, saved_rlimit->rlim_max), + }; + + /* Shortcut if nothing changes. */ + if (saved_rlimit->rlim_max >= new_rlimit.rlim_max && + saved_rlimit->rlim_cur >= new_rlimit.rlim_cur) { + log_debug("RLIMIT_NOFILE is already as high or higher than we need it, not bumping."); + return 0; + } + + /* Bump up the resource limit for ourselves substantially, all the way to the maximum the kernel allows, for + * both hard and soft. */ + r = setrlimit_closest(RLIMIT_NOFILE, &new_rlimit); + if (r < 0) + return log_warning_errno(r, "Setting RLIMIT_NOFILE failed, ignoring: %m"); + + return 0; +} + +static int bump_rlimit_memlock(struct rlimit *saved_rlimit) { + struct rlimit new_rlimit; + int r; + + assert(saved_rlimit); + + /* BPF_MAP_TYPE_LPM_TRIE bpf maps are charged against RLIMIT_MEMLOCK, even if we have CAP_IPC_LOCK which should + * normally disable such checks. We need them to implement IPAccessAllow= and IPAccessDeny=, hence let's bump + * the value high enough for our user. */ + + if (getrlimit(RLIMIT_MEMLOCK, saved_rlimit) < 0) + return log_warning_errno(errno, "Reading RLIMIT_MEMLOCK failed, ignoring: %m"); + + /* Pass the original value down to invoked processes */ + if (!arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_MEMLOCK]) { + struct rlimit *rl; + + rl = newdup(struct rlimit, saved_rlimit, 1); + if (!rl) + return log_oom(); + + arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_MEMLOCK] = rl; + } + + /* Using MAX() on resource limits only is safe if RLIM_INFINITY is > 0. POSIX declares that rlim_t + * must be unsigned, hence this is a given, but let's make this clear here. */ + assert_cc(RLIM_INFINITY > 0); + + new_rlimit = (struct rlimit) { + .rlim_cur = MAX(HIGH_RLIMIT_MEMLOCK, saved_rlimit->rlim_cur), + .rlim_max = MAX(HIGH_RLIMIT_MEMLOCK, saved_rlimit->rlim_max), + }; + + if (saved_rlimit->rlim_max >= new_rlimit.rlim_cur && + saved_rlimit->rlim_cur >= new_rlimit.rlim_max) { + log_debug("RLIMIT_MEMLOCK is already as high or higher than we need it, not bumping."); + return 0; + } + + r = setrlimit_closest(RLIMIT_MEMLOCK, &new_rlimit); + if (r < 0) + return log_warning_errno(r, "Setting RLIMIT_MEMLOCK failed, ignoring: %m"); + + return 0; +} + +static void test_usr(void) { + + /* Check that /usr is not a separate fs */ + + if (dir_is_empty("/usr") <= 0) + return; + + log_warning("/usr appears to be on its own filesystem and is not already mounted. This is not a supported setup. " + "Some things will probably break (sometimes even silently) in mysterious ways. " + "Consult http://freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/separate-usr-is-broken for more information."); +} + +static int enforce_syscall_archs(Set *archs) { +#if HAVE_SECCOMP + int r; + + if (!is_seccomp_available()) + return 0; + + r = seccomp_restrict_archs(arg_syscall_archs); + if (r < 0) + return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to enforce system call architecture restrication: %m"); +#endif + return 0; +} + +static int status_welcome(void) { + _cleanup_free_ char *pretty_name = NULL, *ansi_color = NULL; + int r; + + if (IN_SET(arg_show_status, SHOW_STATUS_NO, SHOW_STATUS_AUTO)) + return 0; + + r = parse_os_release(NULL, + "PRETTY_NAME", &pretty_name, + "ANSI_COLOR", &ansi_color, + NULL); + if (r < 0) + log_full_errno(r == -ENOENT ? LOG_DEBUG : LOG_WARNING, r, + "Failed to read os-release file, ignoring: %m"); + + if (log_get_show_color()) + return status_printf(NULL, 0, + "\nWelcome to \x1B[%sm%s\x1B[0m!\n", + isempty(ansi_color) ? "1" : ansi_color, + isempty(pretty_name) ? "Linux" : pretty_name); + else + return status_printf(NULL, 0, + "\nWelcome to %s!\n", + isempty(pretty_name) ? "Linux" : pretty_name); +} + +static int write_container_id(void) { + const char *c; + int r; + + c = getenv("container"); + if (isempty(c)) + return 0; + + RUN_WITH_UMASK(0022) + r = write_string_file("/run/systemd/container", c, WRITE_STRING_FILE_CREATE); + if (r < 0) + return log_warning_errno(r, "Failed to write /run/systemd/container, ignoring: %m"); + + return 1; +} + +static int bump_unix_max_dgram_qlen(void) { + _cleanup_free_ char *qlen = NULL; + unsigned long v; + int r; + + /* Let's bump the net.unix.max_dgram_qlen sysctl. The kernel default of 16 is simply too low. We set the value + * really really early during boot, so that it is actually applied to all our sockets, including the + * $NOTIFY_SOCKET one. */ + + r = read_one_line_file("/proc/sys/net/unix/max_dgram_qlen", &qlen); + if (r < 0) + return log_full_errno(r == -ENOENT ? LOG_DEBUG : LOG_WARNING, r, "Failed to read AF_UNIX datagram queue length, ignoring: %m"); + + r = safe_atolu(qlen, &v); + if (r < 0) + return log_warning_errno(r, "Failed to parse AF_UNIX datagram queue length '%s', ignoring: %m", qlen); + + if (v >= DEFAULT_UNIX_MAX_DGRAM_QLEN) + return 0; + + r = write_string_filef("/proc/sys/net/unix/max_dgram_qlen", WRITE_STRING_FILE_DISABLE_BUFFER, "%lu", DEFAULT_UNIX_MAX_DGRAM_QLEN); + if (r < 0) + return log_full_errno(IN_SET(r, -EROFS, -EPERM, -EACCES) ? LOG_DEBUG : LOG_WARNING, r, + "Failed to bump AF_UNIX datagram queue length, ignoring: %m"); + + return 1; +} + +static int fixup_environment(void) { + _cleanup_free_ char *term = NULL; + const char *t; + int r; + + /* Only fix up the environment when we are started as PID 1 */ + if (getpid_cached() != 1) + return 0; + + /* We expect the environment to be set correctly if run inside a container. */ + if (detect_container() > 0) + return 0; + + /* When started as PID1, the kernel uses /dev/console for our stdios and uses TERM=linux whatever the backend + * device used by the console. We try to make a better guess here since some consoles might not have support + * for color mode for example. + * + * However if TERM was configured through the kernel command line then leave it alone. */ + r = proc_cmdline_get_key("TERM", 0, &term); + if (r < 0) + return r; + + t = term ?: default_term_for_tty("/dev/console"); + + if (setenv("TERM", t, 1) < 0) + return -errno; + + return 0; +} + +static void redirect_telinit(int argc, char *argv[]) { + + /* This is compatibility support for SysV, where calling init as a user is identical to telinit. */ + +#if HAVE_SYSV_COMPAT + if (getpid_cached() == 1) + return; + + if (!strstr(program_invocation_short_name, "init")) + return; + + execv(SYSTEMCTL_BINARY_PATH, argv); + log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to exec " SYSTEMCTL_BINARY_PATH ": %m"); + exit(EXIT_FAILURE); +#endif +} + +static int become_shutdown( + const char *shutdown_verb, + int retval) { + + char log_level[DECIMAL_STR_MAX(int) + 1], + exit_code[DECIMAL_STR_MAX(uint8_t) + 1], + timeout[DECIMAL_STR_MAX(usec_t) + 1]; + + const char* command_line[13] = { + SYSTEMD_SHUTDOWN_BINARY_PATH, + shutdown_verb, + "--timeout", timeout, + "--log-level", log_level, + "--log-target", + }; + + _cleanup_strv_free_ char **env_block = NULL; + size_t pos = 7; + int r; + + assert(shutdown_verb); + assert(!command_line[pos]); + env_block = strv_copy(environ); + + xsprintf(log_level, "%d", log_get_max_level()); + xsprintf(timeout, "%" PRI_USEC "us", arg_default_timeout_stop_usec); + + switch (log_get_target()) { + + case LOG_TARGET_KMSG: + case LOG_TARGET_JOURNAL_OR_KMSG: + case LOG_TARGET_SYSLOG_OR_KMSG: + command_line[pos++] = "kmsg"; + break; + + case LOG_TARGET_NULL: + command_line[pos++] = "null"; + break; + + case LOG_TARGET_CONSOLE: + default: + command_line[pos++] = "console"; + break; + }; + + if (log_get_show_color()) + command_line[pos++] = "--log-color"; + + if (log_get_show_location()) + command_line[pos++] = "--log-location"; + + if (streq(shutdown_verb, "exit")) { + command_line[pos++] = "--exit-code"; + command_line[pos++] = exit_code; + xsprintf(exit_code, "%d", retval); + } + + assert(pos < ELEMENTSOF(command_line)); + + if (streq(shutdown_verb, "reboot") && + arg_shutdown_watchdog > 0 && + arg_shutdown_watchdog != USEC_INFINITY) { + + char *e; + + /* If we reboot let's set the shutdown + * watchdog and tell the shutdown binary to + * repeatedly ping it */ + r = watchdog_set_timeout(&arg_shutdown_watchdog); + watchdog_close(r < 0); + + /* Tell the binary how often to ping, ignore failure */ + if (asprintf(&e, "WATCHDOG_USEC="USEC_FMT, arg_shutdown_watchdog) > 0) + (void) strv_consume(&env_block, e); + + if (arg_watchdog_device && + asprintf(&e, "WATCHDOG_DEVICE=%s", arg_watchdog_device) > 0) + (void) strv_consume(&env_block, e); + } else + watchdog_close(true); + + /* Avoid the creation of new processes forked by the + * kernel; at this point, we will not listen to the + * signals anyway */ + if (detect_container() <= 0) + (void) cg_uninstall_release_agent(SYSTEMD_CGROUP_CONTROLLER); + + execve(SYSTEMD_SHUTDOWN_BINARY_PATH, (char **) command_line, env_block); + return -errno; +} + +static void initialize_clock(void) { + int r; + + if (clock_is_localtime(NULL) > 0) { + int min; + + /* + * The very first call of settimeofday() also does a time warp in the kernel. + * + * In the rtc-in-local time mode, we set the kernel's timezone, and rely on external tools to take care + * of maintaining the RTC and do all adjustments. This matches the behavior of Windows, which leaves + * the RTC alone if the registry tells that the RTC runs in UTC. + */ + r = clock_set_timezone(&min); + if (r < 0) + log_error_errno(r, "Failed to apply local time delta, ignoring: %m"); + else + log_info("RTC configured in localtime, applying delta of %i minutes to system time.", min); + + } else if (!in_initrd()) { + /* + * Do a dummy very first call to seal the kernel's time warp magic. + * + * Do not call this from inside the initrd. The initrd might not carry /etc/adjtime with LOCAL, but the + * real system could be set up that way. In such case, we need to delay the time-warp or the sealing + * until we reach the real system. + * + * Do no set the kernel's timezone. The concept of local time cannot be supported reliably, the time + * will jump or be incorrect at every daylight saving time change. All kernel local time concepts will + * be treated as UTC that way. + */ + (void) clock_reset_timewarp(); + } + + r = clock_apply_epoch(); + if (r < 0) + log_error_errno(r, "Current system time is before build time, but cannot correct: %m"); + else if (r > 0) + log_info("System time before build time, advancing clock."); +} + +static void initialize_coredump(bool skip_setup) { +#if ENABLE_COREDUMP + if (getpid_cached() != 1) + return; + + /* Don't limit the core dump size, so that coredump handlers such as systemd-coredump (which honour the limit) + * will process core dumps for system services by default. */ + if (setrlimit(RLIMIT_CORE, &RLIMIT_MAKE_CONST(RLIM_INFINITY)) < 0) + log_warning_errno(errno, "Failed to set RLIMIT_CORE: %m"); + + /* But at the same time, turn off the core_pattern logic by default, so that no + * coredumps are stored until the systemd-coredump tool is enabled via + * sysctl. However it can be changed via the kernel command line later so core + * dumps can still be generated during early startup and in initramfs. */ + if (!skip_setup) + disable_coredumps(); +#endif +} + +static void initialize_core_pattern(bool skip_setup) { + int r; + + if (skip_setup || !arg_early_core_pattern) + return; + + if (getpid_cached() != 1) + return; + + r = write_string_file("/proc/sys/kernel/core_pattern", arg_early_core_pattern, WRITE_STRING_FILE_DISABLE_BUFFER); + if (r < 0) + log_warning_errno(r, "Failed to write '%s' to /proc/sys/kernel/core_pattern, ignoring: %m", arg_early_core_pattern); +} + +static void do_reexecute( + int argc, + char *argv[], + const struct rlimit *saved_rlimit_nofile, + const struct rlimit *saved_rlimit_memlock, + FDSet *fds, + const char *switch_root_dir, + const char *switch_root_init, + const char **ret_error_message) { + + unsigned i, j, args_size; + const char **args; + int r; + + assert(saved_rlimit_nofile); + assert(saved_rlimit_memlock); + assert(ret_error_message); + + /* Close and disarm the watchdog, so that the new instance can reinitialize it, but doesn't get rebooted while + * we do that */ + watchdog_close(true); + + /* Reset RLIMIT_NOFILE + RLIMIT_MEMLOCK back to the kernel defaults, so that the new systemd can pass + * the kernel default to its child processes */ + if (saved_rlimit_nofile->rlim_cur != 0) + (void) setrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE, saved_rlimit_nofile); + if (saved_rlimit_memlock->rlim_cur != RLIM_INFINITY) + (void) setrlimit(RLIMIT_MEMLOCK, saved_rlimit_memlock); + + if (switch_root_dir) { + /* Kill all remaining processes from the initrd, but don't wait for them, so that we can handle the + * SIGCHLD for them after deserializing. */ + broadcast_signal(SIGTERM, false, true, arg_default_timeout_stop_usec); + + /* And switch root with MS_MOVE, because we remove the old directory afterwards and detach it. */ + r = switch_root(switch_root_dir, "/mnt", true, MS_MOVE); + if (r < 0) + log_error_errno(r, "Failed to switch root, trying to continue: %m"); + } + + args_size = MAX(6, argc+1); + args = newa(const char*, args_size); + + if (!switch_root_init) { + char sfd[DECIMAL_STR_MAX(int) + 1]; + + /* First try to spawn ourselves with the right path, and with full serialization. We do this only if + * the user didn't specify an explicit init to spawn. */ + + assert(arg_serialization); + assert(fds); + + xsprintf(sfd, "%i", fileno(arg_serialization)); + + i = 0; + args[i++] = SYSTEMD_BINARY_PATH; + if (switch_root_dir) + args[i++] = "--switched-root"; + args[i++] = arg_system ? "--system" : "--user"; + args[i++] = "--deserialize"; + args[i++] = sfd; + args[i++] = NULL; + + assert(i <= args_size); + + /* + * We want valgrind to print its memory usage summary before reexecution. Valgrind won't do this is on + * its own on exec(), but it will do it on exit(). Hence, to ensure we get a summary here, fork() off + * a child, let it exit() cleanly, so that it prints the summary, and wait() for it in the parent, + * before proceeding into the exec(). + */ + valgrind_summary_hack(); + + (void) execv(args[0], (char* const*) args); + log_debug_errno(errno, "Failed to execute our own binary, trying fallback: %m"); + } + + /* Try the fallback, if there is any, without any serialization. We pass the original argv[] and envp[]. (Well, + * modulo the ordering changes due to getopt() in argv[], and some cleanups in envp[], but let's hope that + * doesn't matter.) */ + + arg_serialization = safe_fclose(arg_serialization); + fds = fdset_free(fds); + + /* Reopen the console */ + (void) make_console_stdio(); + + for (j = 1, i = 1; j < (unsigned) argc; j++) + args[i++] = argv[j]; + args[i++] = NULL; + assert(i <= args_size); + + /* Reenable any blocked signals, especially important if we switch from initial ramdisk to init=... */ + (void) reset_all_signal_handlers(); + (void) reset_signal_mask(); + (void) rlimit_nofile_safe(); + + if (switch_root_init) { + args[0] = switch_root_init; + (void) execv(args[0], (char* const*) args); + log_warning_errno(errno, "Failed to execute configured init, trying fallback: %m"); + } + + args[0] = "/sbin/init"; + (void) execv(args[0], (char* const*) args); + r = -errno; + + manager_status_printf(NULL, STATUS_TYPE_EMERGENCY, + ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_RED " !! " ANSI_NORMAL, + "Failed to execute /sbin/init"); + + if (r == -ENOENT) { + log_warning("No /sbin/init, trying fallback"); + + args[0] = "/bin/sh"; + args[1] = NULL; + (void) execv(args[0], (char* const*) args); + log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to execute /bin/sh, giving up: %m"); + } else + log_warning_errno(r, "Failed to execute /sbin/init, giving up: %m"); + + *ret_error_message = "Failed to execute fallback shell"; +} + +static int invoke_main_loop( + Manager *m, + bool *ret_reexecute, + int *ret_retval, /* Return parameters relevant for shutting down */ + const char **ret_shutdown_verb, /* … */ + FDSet **ret_fds, /* Return parameters for reexecuting */ + char **ret_switch_root_dir, /* … */ + char **ret_switch_root_init, /* … */ + const char **ret_error_message) { + + int r; + + assert(m); + assert(ret_reexecute); + assert(ret_retval); + assert(ret_shutdown_verb); + assert(ret_fds); + assert(ret_switch_root_dir); + assert(ret_switch_root_init); + assert(ret_error_message); + + for (;;) { + r = manager_loop(m); + if (r < 0) { + *ret_error_message = "Failed to run main loop"; + return log_emergency_errno(r, "Failed to run main loop: %m"); + } + + switch ((ManagerObjective) r) { + + case MANAGER_RELOAD: { + LogTarget saved_log_target; + int saved_log_level; + + log_info("Reloading."); + + /* First, save any overridden log level/target, then parse the configuration file, which might + * change the log level to new settings. */ + + saved_log_level = m->log_level_overridden ? log_get_max_level() : -1; + saved_log_target = m->log_target_overridden ? log_get_target() : _LOG_TARGET_INVALID; + + r = parse_config_file(); + if (r < 0) + log_warning_errno(r, "Failed to parse config file, ignoring: %m"); + + set_manager_defaults(m); + + if (saved_log_level >= 0) + manager_override_log_level(m, saved_log_level); + if (saved_log_target >= 0) + manager_override_log_target(m, saved_log_target); + + r = manager_reload(m); + if (r < 0) + /* Reloading failed before the point of no return. Let's continue running as if nothing happened. */ + m->objective = MANAGER_OK; + + break; + } + + case MANAGER_REEXECUTE: + + r = prepare_reexecute(m, &arg_serialization, ret_fds, false); + if (r < 0) { + *ret_error_message = "Failed to prepare for reexecution"; + return r; + } + + log_notice("Reexecuting."); + + *ret_reexecute = true; + *ret_retval = EXIT_SUCCESS; + *ret_shutdown_verb = NULL; + *ret_switch_root_dir = *ret_switch_root_init = NULL; + + return 0; + + case MANAGER_SWITCH_ROOT: + if (!m->switch_root_init) { + r = prepare_reexecute(m, &arg_serialization, ret_fds, true); + if (r < 0) { + *ret_error_message = "Failed to prepare for reexecution"; + return r; + } + } else + *ret_fds = NULL; + + log_notice("Switching root."); + + *ret_reexecute = true; + *ret_retval = EXIT_SUCCESS; + *ret_shutdown_verb = NULL; + + /* Steal the switch root parameters */ + *ret_switch_root_dir = m->switch_root; + *ret_switch_root_init = m->switch_root_init; + m->switch_root = m->switch_root_init = NULL; + + return 0; + + case MANAGER_EXIT: + + if (MANAGER_IS_USER(m)) { + log_debug("Exit."); + + *ret_reexecute = false; + *ret_retval = m->return_value; + *ret_shutdown_verb = NULL; + *ret_fds = NULL; + *ret_switch_root_dir = *ret_switch_root_init = NULL; + + return 0; + } + + _fallthrough_; + case MANAGER_REBOOT: + case MANAGER_POWEROFF: + case MANAGER_HALT: + case MANAGER_KEXEC: { + static const char * const table[_MANAGER_OBJECTIVE_MAX] = { + [MANAGER_EXIT] = "exit", + [MANAGER_REBOOT] = "reboot", + [MANAGER_POWEROFF] = "poweroff", + [MANAGER_HALT] = "halt", + [MANAGER_KEXEC] = "kexec", + }; + + log_notice("Shutting down."); + + *ret_reexecute = false; + *ret_retval = m->return_value; + assert_se(*ret_shutdown_verb = table[m->objective]); + *ret_fds = NULL; + *ret_switch_root_dir = *ret_switch_root_init = NULL; + + return 0; + } + + default: + assert_not_reached("Unknown or unexpected manager objective."); + } + } +} + +static void log_execution_mode(bool *ret_first_boot) { + assert(ret_first_boot); + + if (arg_system) { + int v; + + log_info("systemd " GIT_VERSION " running in %ssystem mode. (" SYSTEMD_FEATURES ")", + arg_action == ACTION_TEST ? "test " : "" ); + + v = detect_virtualization(); + if (v > 0) + log_info("Detected virtualization %s.", virtualization_to_string(v)); + + log_info("Detected architecture %s.", architecture_to_string(uname_architecture())); + + if (in_initrd()) { + *ret_first_boot = false; + log_info("Running in initial RAM disk."); + } else { + /* Let's check whether we are in first boot, i.e. whether /etc is still unpopulated. We use + * /etc/machine-id as flag file, for this: if it exists we assume /etc is populated, if it + * doesn't it's unpopulated. This allows container managers and installers to provision a + * couple of files already. If the container manager wants to provision the machine ID itself + * it should pass $container_uuid to PID 1. */ + + *ret_first_boot = access("/etc/machine-id", F_OK) < 0; + if (*ret_first_boot) + log_info("Running with unpopulated /etc."); + } + } else { + if (DEBUG_LOGGING) { + _cleanup_free_ char *t; + + t = uid_to_name(getuid()); + log_debug("systemd " GIT_VERSION " running in %suser mode for user " UID_FMT "/%s. (" SYSTEMD_FEATURES ")", + arg_action == ACTION_TEST ? " test" : "", getuid(), strna(t)); + } + + *ret_first_boot = false; + } +} + +static int initialize_runtime( + bool skip_setup, + struct rlimit *saved_rlimit_nofile, + struct rlimit *saved_rlimit_memlock, + const char **ret_error_message) { + + int r; + + assert(ret_error_message); + + /* Sets up various runtime parameters. Many of these initializations are conditionalized: + * + * - Some only apply to --system instances + * - Some only apply to --user instances + * - Some only apply when we first start up, but not when we reexecute + */ + + if (arg_action != ACTION_RUN) + return 0; + + if (arg_system) { + /* Make sure we leave a core dump without panicing the kernel. */ + install_crash_handler(); + + if (!skip_setup) { + r = mount_cgroup_controllers(); + if (r < 0) { + *ret_error_message = "Failed to mount cgroup hierarchies"; + return r; + } + + status_welcome(); + hostname_setup(); + machine_id_setup(NULL, arg_machine_id, NULL); + loopback_setup(); + bump_unix_max_dgram_qlen(); + bump_file_max_and_nr_open(); + test_usr(); + write_container_id(); + } + + if (arg_watchdog_device) { + r = watchdog_set_device(arg_watchdog_device); + if (r < 0) + log_warning_errno(r, "Failed to set watchdog device to %s, ignoring: %m", arg_watchdog_device); + } + + if (arg_runtime_watchdog > 0 && arg_runtime_watchdog != USEC_INFINITY) + watchdog_set_timeout(&arg_runtime_watchdog); + } + + if (arg_timer_slack_nsec != NSEC_INFINITY) + if (prctl(PR_SET_TIMERSLACK, arg_timer_slack_nsec) < 0) + log_warning_errno(errno, "Failed to adjust timer slack, ignoring: %m"); + + if (arg_system && !cap_test_all(arg_capability_bounding_set)) { + r = capability_bounding_set_drop_usermode(arg_capability_bounding_set); + if (r < 0) { + *ret_error_message = "Failed to drop capability bounding set of usermode helpers"; + return log_emergency_errno(r, "Failed to drop capability bounding set of usermode helpers: %m"); + } + + r = capability_bounding_set_drop(arg_capability_bounding_set, true); + if (r < 0) { + *ret_error_message = "Failed to drop capability bounding set"; + return log_emergency_errno(r, "Failed to drop capability bounding set: %m"); + } + } + + if (arg_system && arg_no_new_privs) { + if (prctl(PR_SET_NO_NEW_PRIVS, 1, 0, 0, 0) < 0) { + *ret_error_message = "Failed to disable new privileges"; + return log_emergency_errno(errno, "Failed to disable new privileges: %m"); + } + } + + if (arg_syscall_archs) { + r = enforce_syscall_archs(arg_syscall_archs); + if (r < 0) { + *ret_error_message = "Failed to set syscall architectures"; + return r; + } + } + + if (!arg_system) + /* Become reaper of our children */ + if (prctl(PR_SET_CHILD_SUBREAPER, 1) < 0) + log_warning_errno(errno, "Failed to make us a subreaper: %m"); + + /* Bump up RLIMIT_NOFILE for systemd itself */ + (void) bump_rlimit_nofile(saved_rlimit_nofile); + (void) bump_rlimit_memlock(saved_rlimit_memlock); + + return 0; +} + +static int do_queue_default_job( + Manager *m, + const char **ret_error_message) { + + _cleanup_(sd_bus_error_free) sd_bus_error error = SD_BUS_ERROR_NULL; + Job *default_unit_job; + Unit *target = NULL; + int r; + + log_debug("Activating default unit: %s", arg_default_unit); + + r = manager_load_startable_unit_or_warn(m, arg_default_unit, NULL, &target); + if (r < 0) { + log_info("Falling back to rescue target: " SPECIAL_RESCUE_TARGET); + + r = manager_load_startable_unit_or_warn(m, SPECIAL_RESCUE_TARGET, NULL, &target); + if (r < 0) { + *ret_error_message = r == -ERFKILL ? "Rescue target masked" + : "Failed to load rescue target"; + return r; + } + } + + assert(target->load_state == UNIT_LOADED); + + r = manager_add_job(m, JOB_START, target, JOB_ISOLATE, &error, &default_unit_job); + if (r == -EPERM) { + log_debug_errno(r, "Default target could not be isolated, starting instead: %s", bus_error_message(&error, r)); + + sd_bus_error_free(&error); + + r = manager_add_job(m, JOB_START, target, JOB_REPLACE, &error, &default_unit_job); + if (r < 0) { + *ret_error_message = "Failed to start default target"; + return log_emergency_errno(r, "Failed to start default target: %s", bus_error_message(&error, r)); + } + + } else if (r < 0) { + *ret_error_message = "Failed to isolate default target"; + return log_emergency_errno(r, "Failed to isolate default target: %s", bus_error_message(&error, r)); + } + + m->default_unit_job_id = default_unit_job->id; + + return 0; +} + +static void free_arguments(void) { + + /* Frees all arg_* variables, with the exception of arg_serialization */ + rlimit_free_all(arg_default_rlimit); + + arg_default_unit = mfree(arg_default_unit); + arg_confirm_spawn = mfree(arg_confirm_spawn); + arg_default_environment = strv_free(arg_default_environment); + arg_syscall_archs = set_free(arg_syscall_archs); +} + +static int load_configuration(int argc, char **argv, const char **ret_error_message) { + int r; + + assert(ret_error_message); + + arg_default_tasks_max = system_tasks_max_scale(DEFAULT_TASKS_MAX_PERCENTAGE, 100U); + + r = parse_config_file(); + if (r < 0) { + *ret_error_message = "Failed to parse config file"; + return r; + } + + if (arg_system) { + r = proc_cmdline_parse(parse_proc_cmdline_item, NULL, 0); + if (r < 0) + log_warning_errno(r, "Failed to parse kernel command line, ignoring: %m"); + } + + /* Note that this also parses bits from the kernel command line, including "debug". */ + log_parse_environment(); + + r = parse_argv(argc, argv); + if (r < 0) { + *ret_error_message = "Failed to parse commandline arguments"; + return r; + } + + /* Initialize default unit */ + if (!arg_default_unit) { + arg_default_unit = strdup(SPECIAL_DEFAULT_TARGET); + if (!arg_default_unit) { + *ret_error_message = "Failed to set default unit"; + return log_oom(); + } + } + + /* Initialize the show status setting if it hasn't been set explicitly yet */ + if (arg_show_status == _SHOW_STATUS_INVALID) + arg_show_status = SHOW_STATUS_YES; + + return 0; +} + +static int safety_checks(void) { + + if (getpid_cached() == 1 && + arg_action != ACTION_RUN) + return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EPERM), + "Unsupported execution mode while PID 1."); + + if (getpid_cached() == 1 && + !arg_system) + return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EPERM), + "Can't run --user mode as PID 1."); + + if (arg_action == ACTION_RUN && + arg_system && + getpid_cached() != 1) + return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EPERM), + "Can't run system mode unless PID 1."); + + if (arg_action == ACTION_TEST && + geteuid() == 0) + return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EPERM), + "Don't run test mode as root."); + + if (!arg_system && + arg_action == ACTION_RUN && + sd_booted() <= 0) + return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EOPNOTSUPP), + "Trying to run as user instance, but the system has not been booted with systemd."); + + if (!arg_system && + arg_action == ACTION_RUN && + !getenv("XDG_RUNTIME_DIR")) + return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EUNATCH), + "Trying to run as user instance, but $XDG_RUNTIME_DIR is not set."); + + if (arg_system && + arg_action == ACTION_RUN && + running_in_chroot() > 0) + return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EOPNOTSUPP), + "Cannot be run in a chroot() environment."); + + return 0; +} + +static int initialize_security( + bool *loaded_policy, + dual_timestamp *security_start_timestamp, + dual_timestamp *security_finish_timestamp, + const char **ret_error_message) { + + int r; + + assert(loaded_policy); + assert(security_start_timestamp); + assert(security_finish_timestamp); + assert(ret_error_message); + + dual_timestamp_get(security_start_timestamp); + + r = mac_selinux_setup(loaded_policy); + if (r < 0) { + *ret_error_message = "Failed to load SELinux policy"; + return r; + } + + r = mac_smack_setup(loaded_policy); + if (r < 0) { + *ret_error_message = "Failed to load SMACK policy"; + return r; + } + + r = ima_setup(); + if (r < 0) { + *ret_error_message = "Failed to load IMA policy"; + return r; + } + + dual_timestamp_get(security_finish_timestamp); + return 0; +} + +static void test_summary(Manager *m) { + assert(m); + + printf("-> By units:\n"); + manager_dump_units(m, stdout, "\t"); + + printf("-> By jobs:\n"); + manager_dump_jobs(m, stdout, "\t"); +} + +static int collect_fds(FDSet **ret_fds, const char **ret_error_message) { + int r; + + assert(ret_fds); + assert(ret_error_message); + + r = fdset_new_fill(ret_fds); + if (r < 0) { + *ret_error_message = "Failed to allocate fd set"; + return log_emergency_errno(r, "Failed to allocate fd set: %m"); + } + + fdset_cloexec(*ret_fds, true); + + if (arg_serialization) + assert_se(fdset_remove(*ret_fds, fileno(arg_serialization)) >= 0); + + return 0; +} + +static void setup_console_terminal(bool skip_setup) { + + if (!arg_system) + return; + + /* Become a session leader if we aren't one yet. */ + (void) setsid(); + + /* If we are init, we connect stdin/stdout/stderr to /dev/null and make sure we don't have a controlling + * tty. */ + (void) release_terminal(); + + /* Reset the console, but only if this is really init and we are freshly booted */ + if (getpid_cached() == 1 && !skip_setup) + (void) console_setup(); +} + +static bool early_skip_setup_check(int argc, char *argv[]) { + bool found_deserialize = false; + int i; + + /* Determine if this is a reexecution or normal bootup. We do the full command line parsing much later, so + * let's just have a quick peek here. Note that if we have switched root, do all the special setup things + * anyway, even if in that case we also do deserialization. */ + + for (i = 1; i < argc; i++) { + if (streq(argv[i], "--switched-root")) + return false; /* If we switched root, don't skip the setup. */ + else if (streq(argv[i], "--deserialize")) + found_deserialize = true; + } + + return found_deserialize; /* When we are deserializing, then we are reexecuting, hence avoid the extensive setup */ +} + +int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { + + dual_timestamp initrd_timestamp = DUAL_TIMESTAMP_NULL, userspace_timestamp = DUAL_TIMESTAMP_NULL, kernel_timestamp = DUAL_TIMESTAMP_NULL, + security_start_timestamp = DUAL_TIMESTAMP_NULL, security_finish_timestamp = DUAL_TIMESTAMP_NULL; + struct rlimit saved_rlimit_nofile = RLIMIT_MAKE_CONST(0), + saved_rlimit_memlock = RLIMIT_MAKE_CONST(RLIM_INFINITY); /* The original rlimits we passed + * in. Note we use different values + * for the two that indicate whether + * these fields are initialized! */ + bool skip_setup, loaded_policy = false, queue_default_job = false, first_boot = false, reexecute = false; + char *switch_root_dir = NULL, *switch_root_init = NULL; + usec_t before_startup, after_startup; + static char systemd[] = "systemd"; + char timespan[FORMAT_TIMESPAN_MAX]; + const char *shutdown_verb = NULL, *error_message = NULL; + int r, retval = EXIT_FAILURE; + Manager *m = NULL; + FDSet *fds = NULL; + + /* SysV compatibility: redirect init → telinit */ + redirect_telinit(argc, argv); + + /* Take timestamps early on */ + dual_timestamp_from_monotonic(&kernel_timestamp, 0); + dual_timestamp_get(&userspace_timestamp); + + /* Figure out whether we need to do initialize the system, or if we already did that because we are + * reexecuting */ + skip_setup = early_skip_setup_check(argc, argv); + + /* If we get started via the /sbin/init symlink then we are called 'init'. After a subsequent reexecution we + * are then called 'systemd'. That is confusing, hence let's call us systemd right-away. */ + program_invocation_short_name = systemd; + (void) prctl(PR_SET_NAME, systemd); + + /* Save the original command line */ + saved_argv = argv; + saved_argc = argc; + + /* Make sure that if the user says "syslog" we actually log to the journal. */ + log_set_upgrade_syslog_to_journal(true); + + if (getpid_cached() == 1) { + /* When we run as PID 1 force system mode */ + arg_system = true; + + /* Disable the umask logic */ + umask(0); + + /* Make sure that at least initially we do not ever log to journald/syslogd, because it might not be + * activated yet (even though the log socket for it exists). */ + log_set_prohibit_ipc(true); + + /* Always reopen /dev/console when running as PID 1 or one of its pre-execve() children. This is + * important so that we never end up logging to any foreign stderr, for example if we have to log in a + * child process right before execve()'ing the actual binary, at a point in time where socket + * activation stderr/stdout area already set up. */ + log_set_always_reopen_console(true); + + if (detect_container() <= 0) { + + /* Running outside of a container as PID 1 */ + log_set_target(LOG_TARGET_KMSG); + log_open(); + + if (in_initrd()) + initrd_timestamp = userspace_timestamp; + + if (!skip_setup) { + r = mount_setup_early(); + if (r < 0) { + error_message = "Failed to mount early API filesystems"; + goto finish; + } + + r = initialize_security( + &loaded_policy, + &security_start_timestamp, + &security_finish_timestamp, + &error_message); + if (r < 0) + goto finish; + } + + if (mac_selinux_init() < 0) { + error_message = "Failed to initialize SELinux policy"; + goto finish; + } + + if (!skip_setup) + initialize_clock(); + + /* Set the default for later on, but don't actually open the logs like this for now. Note that + * if we are transitioning from the initrd there might still be journal fd open, and we + * shouldn't attempt opening that before we parsed /proc/cmdline which might redirect output + * elsewhere. */ + log_set_target(LOG_TARGET_JOURNAL_OR_KMSG); + + } else { + /* Running inside a container, as PID 1 */ + log_set_target(LOG_TARGET_CONSOLE); + log_open(); + + /* For later on, see above... */ + log_set_target(LOG_TARGET_JOURNAL); + + /* clear the kernel timestamp, + * because we are in a container */ + kernel_timestamp = DUAL_TIMESTAMP_NULL; + } + + initialize_coredump(skip_setup); + + r = fixup_environment(); + if (r < 0) { + log_emergency_errno(r, "Failed to fix up PID 1 environment: %m"); + error_message = "Failed to fix up PID1 environment"; + goto finish; + } + + } else { + /* Running as user instance */ + arg_system = false; + log_set_target(LOG_TARGET_AUTO); + log_open(); + + /* clear the kernel timestamp, + * because we are not PID 1 */ + kernel_timestamp = DUAL_TIMESTAMP_NULL; + } + + if (arg_system) { + /* Try to figure out if we can use colors with the console. No need to do that for user instances since + * they never log into the console. */ + log_show_color(colors_enabled()); + + r = make_null_stdio(); + if (r < 0) + log_warning_errno(r, "Failed to redirect standard streams to /dev/null, ignoring: %m"); + } + + /* Mount /proc, /sys and friends, so that /proc/cmdline and + * /proc/$PID/fd is available. */ + if (getpid_cached() == 1) { + + /* Load the kernel modules early. */ + if (!skip_setup) + kmod_setup(); + + r = mount_setup(loaded_policy); + if (r < 0) { + error_message = "Failed to mount API filesystems"; + goto finish; + } + } + + /* Reset all signal handlers. */ + (void) reset_all_signal_handlers(); + (void) ignore_signals(SIGNALS_IGNORE, -1); + + r = load_configuration(argc, argv, &error_message); + if (r < 0) + goto finish; + + r = safety_checks(); + if (r < 0) + goto finish; + + if (IN_SET(arg_action, ACTION_TEST, ACTION_HELP, ACTION_DUMP_CONFIGURATION_ITEMS, ACTION_DUMP_BUS_PROPERTIES)) + (void) pager_open(arg_pager_flags); + + if (arg_action != ACTION_RUN) + skip_setup = true; + + if (arg_action == ACTION_HELP) { + retval = help() < 0 ? EXIT_FAILURE : EXIT_SUCCESS; + goto finish; + } else if (arg_action == ACTION_VERSION) { + retval = version(); + goto finish; + } else if (arg_action == ACTION_DUMP_CONFIGURATION_ITEMS) { + unit_dump_config_items(stdout); + retval = EXIT_SUCCESS; + goto finish; + } else if (arg_action == ACTION_DUMP_BUS_PROPERTIES) { + dump_bus_properties(stdout); + retval = EXIT_SUCCESS; + goto finish; + } + + assert_se(IN_SET(arg_action, ACTION_RUN, ACTION_TEST)); + + /* Move out of the way, so that we won't block unmounts */ + assert_se(chdir("/") == 0); + + if (arg_action == ACTION_RUN) { + + /* A core pattern might have been specified via the cmdline. */ + initialize_core_pattern(skip_setup); + + /* Close logging fds, in order not to confuse collecting passed fds and terminal logic below */ + log_close(); + + /* Remember open file descriptors for later deserialization */ + r = collect_fds(&fds, &error_message); + if (r < 0) + goto finish; + + /* Give up any control of the console, but make sure its initialized. */ + setup_console_terminal(skip_setup); + + /* Open the logging devices, if possible and necessary */ + log_open(); + } + + log_execution_mode(&first_boot); + + r = initialize_runtime(skip_setup, + &saved_rlimit_nofile, + &saved_rlimit_memlock, + &error_message); + if (r < 0) + goto finish; + + r = manager_new(arg_system ? UNIT_FILE_SYSTEM : UNIT_FILE_USER, + arg_action == ACTION_TEST ? MANAGER_TEST_FULL : 0, + &m); + if (r < 0) { + log_emergency_errno(r, "Failed to allocate manager object: %m"); + error_message = "Failed to allocate manager object"; + goto finish; + } + + m->timestamps[MANAGER_TIMESTAMP_KERNEL] = kernel_timestamp; + m->timestamps[MANAGER_TIMESTAMP_INITRD] = initrd_timestamp; + m->timestamps[MANAGER_TIMESTAMP_USERSPACE] = userspace_timestamp; + m->timestamps[manager_timestamp_initrd_mangle(MANAGER_TIMESTAMP_SECURITY_START)] = security_start_timestamp; + m->timestamps[manager_timestamp_initrd_mangle(MANAGER_TIMESTAMP_SECURITY_FINISH)] = security_finish_timestamp; + + set_manager_defaults(m); + set_manager_settings(m); + manager_set_first_boot(m, first_boot); + + /* Remember whether we should queue the default job */ + queue_default_job = !arg_serialization || arg_switched_root; + + before_startup = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC); + + r = manager_startup(m, arg_serialization, fds); + if (r < 0) { + error_message = "Failed to start up manager"; + goto finish; + } + + /* This will close all file descriptors that were opened, but not claimed by any unit. */ + fds = fdset_free(fds); + arg_serialization = safe_fclose(arg_serialization); + + if (queue_default_job) { + r = do_queue_default_job(m, &error_message); + if (r < 0) + goto finish; + } + + after_startup = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC); + + log_full(arg_action == ACTION_TEST ? LOG_INFO : LOG_DEBUG, + "Loaded units and determined initial transaction in %s.", + format_timespan(timespan, sizeof(timespan), after_startup - before_startup, 100 * USEC_PER_MSEC)); + + if (arg_action == ACTION_TEST) { + test_summary(m); + retval = EXIT_SUCCESS; + goto finish; + } + + (void) invoke_main_loop(m, + &reexecute, + &retval, + &shutdown_verb, + &fds, + &switch_root_dir, + &switch_root_init, + &error_message); + +finish: + pager_close(); + + if (m) { + arg_shutdown_watchdog = m->shutdown_watchdog; + m = manager_free(m); + } + + free_arguments(); + mac_selinux_finish(); + + if (reexecute) + do_reexecute(argc, argv, + &saved_rlimit_nofile, + &saved_rlimit_memlock, + fds, + switch_root_dir, + switch_root_init, + &error_message); /* This only returns if reexecution failed */ + + arg_serialization = safe_fclose(arg_serialization); + fds = fdset_free(fds); + +#if HAVE_VALGRIND_VALGRIND_H + /* If we are PID 1 and running under valgrind, then let's exit + * here explicitly. valgrind will only generate nice output on + * exit(), not on exec(), hence let's do the former not the + * latter here. */ + if (getpid_cached() == 1 && RUNNING_ON_VALGRIND) { + /* Cleanup watchdog_device strings for valgrind. We need them + * in become_shutdown() so normally we cannot free them yet. */ + watchdog_free_device(); + arg_watchdog_device = mfree(arg_watchdog_device); + return retval; + } +#endif + +#if HAS_FEATURE_ADDRESS_SANITIZER + __lsan_do_leak_check(); +#endif + + if (shutdown_verb) { + r = become_shutdown(shutdown_verb, retval); + log_error_errno(r, "Failed to execute shutdown binary, %s: %m", getpid_cached() == 1 ? "freezing" : "quitting"); + error_message = "Failed to execute shutdown binary"; + } + + watchdog_free_device(); + arg_watchdog_device = mfree(arg_watchdog_device); + + if (getpid_cached() == 1) { + if (error_message) + manager_status_printf(NULL, STATUS_TYPE_EMERGENCY, + ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_RED "!!!!!!" ANSI_NORMAL, + "%s.", error_message); + freeze_or_exit_or_reboot(); + } + + return retval; +} |