Adding upstream version 2:8.1.0875.upstream/2%8.1.0875upstream

Signed-off-by: Daniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org>

1 files changed, 7122 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/src/misc1.c b/src/misc1.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..26b570b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/misc1.c
@@ -0,0 +1,7122 @@
+/* vi:set ts=8 sts=4 sw=4 noet:
+ *
+ * VIM - Vi IMproved	by Bram Moolenaar
+ *
+ * Do ":help uganda"  in Vim to read copying and usage conditions.
+ * Do ":help credits" in Vim to see a list of people who contributed.
+ * See README.txt for an overview of the Vim source code.
+ */
+
+/*
+ * misc1.c: functions that didn't seem to fit elsewhere
+ */
+
+#include "vim.h"
+#include "version.h"
+
+#if defined(FEAT_CMDL_COMPL) && defined(WIN3264)
+# include <lm.h>
+#endif
+
+static char_u *vim_version_dir(char_u *vimdir);
+static char_u *remove_tail(char_u *p, char_u *pend, char_u *name);
+
+/* All user names (for ~user completion as done by shell). */
+#if defined(FEAT_CMDL_COMPL) || defined(PROTO)
+static garray_T	ga_users;
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * Count the size (in window cells) of the indent in the current line.
+ */
+    int
+get_indent(void)
+{
+#ifdef FEAT_VARTABS
+    return get_indent_str_vtab(ml_get_curline(), (int)curbuf->b_p_ts,
+						 curbuf->b_p_vts_array, FALSE);
+#else
+    return get_indent_str(ml_get_curline(), (int)curbuf->b_p_ts, FALSE);
+#endif
+}
+
+/*
+ * Count the size (in window cells) of the indent in line "lnum".
+ */
+    int
+get_indent_lnum(linenr_T lnum)
+{
+#ifdef FEAT_VARTABS
+    return get_indent_str_vtab(ml_get(lnum), (int)curbuf->b_p_ts,
+						 curbuf->b_p_vts_array, FALSE);
+#else
+    return get_indent_str(ml_get(lnum), (int)curbuf->b_p_ts, FALSE);
+#endif
+}
+
+#if defined(FEAT_FOLDING) || defined(PROTO)
+/*
+ * Count the size (in window cells) of the indent in line "lnum" of buffer
+ * "buf".
+ */
+    int
+get_indent_buf(buf_T *buf, linenr_T lnum)
+{
+#ifdef FEAT_VARTABS
+    return get_indent_str_vtab(ml_get_buf(buf, lnum, FALSE),
+			       (int)curbuf->b_p_ts, buf->b_p_vts_array, FALSE);
+#else
+    return get_indent_str(ml_get_buf(buf, lnum, FALSE), (int)buf->b_p_ts, FALSE);
+#endif
+}
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * count the size (in window cells) of the indent in line "ptr", with
+ * 'tabstop' at "ts"
+ */
+    int
+get_indent_str(
+    char_u	*ptr,
+    int		ts,
+    int		list) /* if TRUE, count only screen size for tabs */
+{
+    int		count = 0;
+
+    for ( ; *ptr; ++ptr)
+    {
+	if (*ptr == TAB)
+	{
+	    if (!list || lcs_tab1)    /* count a tab for what it is worth */
+		count += ts - (count % ts);
+	    else
+		/* In list mode, when tab is not set, count screen char width
+		 * for Tab, displays: ^I */
+		count += ptr2cells(ptr);
+	}
+	else if (*ptr == ' ')
+	    ++count;		/* count a space for one */
+	else
+	    break;
+    }
+    return count;
+}
+
+#ifdef FEAT_VARTABS
+/*
+ * Count the size (in window cells) of the indent in line "ptr", using
+ * variable tabstops.
+ * if "list" is TRUE, count only screen size for tabs.
+ */
+    int
+get_indent_str_vtab(char_u *ptr, int ts, int *vts, int list)
+{
+    int		count = 0;
+
+    for ( ; *ptr; ++ptr)
+    {
+	if (*ptr == TAB)    /* count a tab for what it is worth */
+	{
+	    if (!list || lcs_tab1)
+		count += tabstop_padding(count, ts, vts);
+	    else
+		/* In list mode, when tab is not set, count screen char width
+		 * for Tab, displays: ^I */
+		count += ptr2cells(ptr);
+	}
+	else if (*ptr == ' ')
+	    ++count;		/* count a space for one */
+	else
+	    break;
+    }
+    return count;
+}
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * Set the indent of the current line.
+ * Leaves the cursor on the first non-blank in the line.
+ * Caller must take care of undo.
+ * "flags":
+ *	SIN_CHANGED:	call changed_bytes() if the line was changed.
+ *	SIN_INSERT:	insert the indent in front of the line.
+ *	SIN_UNDO:	save line for undo before changing it.
+ * Returns TRUE if the line was changed.
+ */
+    int
+set_indent(
+    int		size,		    /* measured in spaces */
+    int		flags)
+{
+    char_u	*p;
+    char_u	*newline;
+    char_u	*oldline;
+    char_u	*s;
+    int		todo;
+    int		ind_len;	    /* measured in characters */
+    int		line_len;
+    int		doit = FALSE;
+    int		ind_done = 0;	    /* measured in spaces */
+#ifdef FEAT_VARTABS
+    int		ind_col = 0;
+#endif
+    int		tab_pad;
+    int		retval = FALSE;
+    int		orig_char_len = -1; /* number of initial whitespace chars when
+				       'et' and 'pi' are both set */
+
+    /*
+     * First check if there is anything to do and compute the number of
+     * characters needed for the indent.
+     */
+    todo = size;
+    ind_len = 0;
+    p = oldline = ml_get_curline();
+
+    /* Calculate the buffer size for the new indent, and check to see if it
+     * isn't already set */
+
+    /* if 'expandtab' isn't set: use TABs; if both 'expandtab' and
+     * 'preserveindent' are set count the number of characters at the
+     * beginning of the line to be copied */
+    if (!curbuf->b_p_et || (!(flags & SIN_INSERT) && curbuf->b_p_pi))
+    {
+	/* If 'preserveindent' is set then reuse as much as possible of
+	 * the existing indent structure for the new indent */
+	if (!(flags & SIN_INSERT) && curbuf->b_p_pi)
+	{
+	    ind_done = 0;
+
+	    /* count as many characters as we can use */
+	    while (todo > 0 && VIM_ISWHITE(*p))
+	    {
+		if (*p == TAB)
+		{
+#ifdef FEAT_VARTABS
+		    tab_pad = tabstop_padding(ind_done, curbuf->b_p_ts,
+							curbuf->b_p_vts_array);
+#else
+		    tab_pad = (int)curbuf->b_p_ts
+					   - (ind_done % (int)curbuf->b_p_ts);
+#endif
+		    /* stop if this tab will overshoot the target */
+		    if (todo < tab_pad)
+			break;
+		    todo -= tab_pad;
+		    ++ind_len;
+		    ind_done += tab_pad;
+		}
+		else
+		{
+		    --todo;
+		    ++ind_len;
+		    ++ind_done;
+		}
+		++p;
+	    }
+
+#ifdef FEAT_VARTABS
+	    /* These diverge from this point. */
+	    ind_col = ind_done;
+#endif
+	    /* Set initial number of whitespace chars to copy if we are
+	     * preserving indent but expandtab is set */
+	    if (curbuf->b_p_et)
+		orig_char_len = ind_len;
+
+	    /* Fill to next tabstop with a tab, if possible */
+#ifdef FEAT_VARTABS
+	    tab_pad = tabstop_padding(ind_done, curbuf->b_p_ts,
+						curbuf->b_p_vts_array);
+#else
+	    tab_pad = (int)curbuf->b_p_ts - (ind_done % (int)curbuf->b_p_ts);
+#endif
+	    if (todo >= tab_pad && orig_char_len == -1)
+	    {
+		doit = TRUE;
+		todo -= tab_pad;
+		++ind_len;
+		/* ind_done += tab_pad; */
+#ifdef FEAT_VARTABS
+		ind_col += tab_pad;
+#endif
+	    }
+	}
+
+	/* count tabs required for indent */
+#ifdef FEAT_VARTABS
+	for (;;)
+	{
+	    tab_pad = tabstop_padding(ind_col, curbuf->b_p_ts,
+							curbuf->b_p_vts_array);
+	    if (todo < tab_pad)
+		break;
+	    if (*p != TAB)
+		doit = TRUE;
+	    else
+		++p;
+	    todo -= tab_pad;
+	    ++ind_len;
+	    ind_col += tab_pad;
+	}
+#else
+	while (todo >= (int)curbuf->b_p_ts)
+	{
+	    if (*p != TAB)
+		doit = TRUE;
+	    else
+		++p;
+	    todo -= (int)curbuf->b_p_ts;
+	    ++ind_len;
+	    /* ind_done += (int)curbuf->b_p_ts; */
+	}
+#endif
+    }
+    /* count spaces required for indent */
+    while (todo > 0)
+    {
+	if (*p != ' ')
+	    doit = TRUE;
+	else
+	    ++p;
+	--todo;
+	++ind_len;
+	/* ++ind_done; */
+    }
+
+    /* Return if the indent is OK already. */
+    if (!doit && !VIM_ISWHITE(*p) && !(flags & SIN_INSERT))
+	return FALSE;
+
+    /* Allocate memory for the new line. */
+    if (flags & SIN_INSERT)
+	p = oldline;
+    else
+	p = skipwhite(p);
+    line_len = (int)STRLEN(p) + 1;
+
+    /* If 'preserveindent' and 'expandtab' are both set keep the original
+     * characters and allocate accordingly.  We will fill the rest with spaces
+     * after the if (!curbuf->b_p_et) below. */
+    if (orig_char_len != -1)
+    {
+	newline = alloc(orig_char_len + size - ind_done + line_len);
+	if (newline == NULL)
+	    return FALSE;
+	todo = size - ind_done;
+	ind_len = orig_char_len + todo;    /* Set total length of indent in
+					    * characters, which may have been
+					    * undercounted until now  */
+	p = oldline;
+	s = newline;
+	while (orig_char_len > 0)
+	{
+	    *s++ = *p++;
+	    orig_char_len--;
+	}
+
+	/* Skip over any additional white space (useful when newindent is less
+	 * than old) */
+	while (VIM_ISWHITE(*p))
+	    ++p;
+
+    }
+    else
+    {
+	todo = size;
+	newline = alloc(ind_len + line_len);
+	if (newline == NULL)
+	    return FALSE;
+	s = newline;
+    }
+
+    /* Put the characters in the new line. */
+    /* if 'expandtab' isn't set: use TABs */
+    if (!curbuf->b_p_et)
+    {
+	/* If 'preserveindent' is set then reuse as much as possible of
+	 * the existing indent structure for the new indent */
+	if (!(flags & SIN_INSERT) && curbuf->b_p_pi)
+	{
+	    p = oldline;
+	    ind_done = 0;
+
+	    while (todo > 0 && VIM_ISWHITE(*p))
+	    {
+		if (*p == TAB)
+		{
+#ifdef FEAT_VARTABS
+		    tab_pad = tabstop_padding(ind_done, curbuf->b_p_ts,
+							curbuf->b_p_vts_array);
+#else
+		    tab_pad = (int)curbuf->b_p_ts
+					   - (ind_done % (int)curbuf->b_p_ts);
+#endif
+		    /* stop if this tab will overshoot the target */
+		    if (todo < tab_pad)
+			break;
+		    todo -= tab_pad;
+		    ind_done += tab_pad;
+		}
+		else
+		{
+		    --todo;
+		    ++ind_done;
+		}
+		*s++ = *p++;
+	    }
+
+	    /* Fill to next tabstop with a tab, if possible */
+#ifdef FEAT_VARTABS
+	    tab_pad = tabstop_padding(ind_done, curbuf->b_p_ts,
+						curbuf->b_p_vts_array);
+#else
+	    tab_pad = (int)curbuf->b_p_ts - (ind_done % (int)curbuf->b_p_ts);
+#endif
+	    if (todo >= tab_pad)
+	    {
+		*s++ = TAB;
+		todo -= tab_pad;
+#ifdef FEAT_VARTABS
+		ind_done += tab_pad;
+#endif
+	    }
+
+	    p = skipwhite(p);
+	}
+
+#ifdef FEAT_VARTABS
+	for (;;)
+	{
+	    tab_pad = tabstop_padding(ind_done, curbuf->b_p_ts,
+							curbuf->b_p_vts_array);
+	    if (todo < tab_pad)
+		break;
+	    *s++ = TAB;
+	    todo -= tab_pad;
+	    ind_done += tab_pad;
+	}
+#else
+	while (todo >= (int)curbuf->b_p_ts)
+	{
+	    *s++ = TAB;
+	    todo -= (int)curbuf->b_p_ts;
+	}
+#endif
+    }
+    while (todo > 0)
+    {
+	*s++ = ' ';
+	--todo;
+    }
+    mch_memmove(s, p, (size_t)line_len);
+
+    // Replace the line (unless undo fails).
+    if (!(flags & SIN_UNDO) || u_savesub(curwin->w_cursor.lnum) == OK)
+    {
+	ml_replace(curwin->w_cursor.lnum, newline, FALSE);
+	if (flags & SIN_CHANGED)
+	    changed_bytes(curwin->w_cursor.lnum, 0);
+
+	// Correct saved cursor position if it is in this line.
+	if (saved_cursor.lnum == curwin->w_cursor.lnum)
+	{
+	    if (saved_cursor.col >= (colnr_T)(p - oldline))
+		// cursor was after the indent, adjust for the number of
+		// bytes added/removed
+		saved_cursor.col += ind_len - (colnr_T)(p - oldline);
+	    else if (saved_cursor.col >= (colnr_T)(s - newline))
+		// cursor was in the indent, and is now after it, put it back
+		// at the start of the indent (replacing spaces with TAB)
+		saved_cursor.col = (colnr_T)(s - newline);
+	}
+#ifdef FEAT_TEXT_PROP
+	adjust_prop_columns(curwin->w_cursor.lnum, (colnr_T)(p - oldline),
+					     ind_len - (colnr_T)(p - oldline));
+#endif
+	retval = TRUE;
+    }
+    else
+	vim_free(newline);
+
+    curwin->w_cursor.col = ind_len;
+    return retval;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Copy the indent from ptr to the current line (and fill to size)
+ * Leaves the cursor on the first non-blank in the line.
+ * Returns TRUE if the line was changed.
+ */
+    static int
+copy_indent(int size, char_u *src)
+{
+    char_u	*p = NULL;
+    char_u	*line = NULL;
+    char_u	*s;
+    int		todo;
+    int		ind_len;
+    int		line_len = 0;
+    int		tab_pad;
+    int		ind_done;
+    int		round;
+#ifdef FEAT_VARTABS
+    int		ind_col;
+#endif
+
+    /* Round 1: compute the number of characters needed for the indent
+     * Round 2: copy the characters. */
+    for (round = 1; round <= 2; ++round)
+    {
+	todo = size;
+	ind_len = 0;
+	ind_done = 0;
+#ifdef FEAT_VARTABS
+	ind_col = 0;
+#endif
+	s = src;
+
+	/* Count/copy the usable portion of the source line */
+	while (todo > 0 && VIM_ISWHITE(*s))
+	{
+	    if (*s == TAB)
+	    {
+#ifdef FEAT_VARTABS
+		tab_pad = tabstop_padding(ind_done, curbuf->b_p_ts,
+							curbuf->b_p_vts_array);
+#else
+		tab_pad = (int)curbuf->b_p_ts
+					   - (ind_done % (int)curbuf->b_p_ts);
+#endif
+		/* Stop if this tab will overshoot the target */
+		if (todo < tab_pad)
+		    break;
+		todo -= tab_pad;
+		ind_done += tab_pad;
+#ifdef FEAT_VARTABS
+		ind_col += tab_pad;
+#endif
+	    }
+	    else
+	    {
+		--todo;
+		++ind_done;
+#ifdef FEAT_VARTABS
+		++ind_col;
+#endif
+	    }
+	    ++ind_len;
+	    if (p != NULL)
+		*p++ = *s;
+	    ++s;
+	}
+
+	/* Fill to next tabstop with a tab, if possible */
+#ifdef FEAT_VARTABS
+	tab_pad = tabstop_padding(ind_done, curbuf->b_p_ts,
+							curbuf->b_p_vts_array);
+#else
+	tab_pad = (int)curbuf->b_p_ts - (ind_done % (int)curbuf->b_p_ts);
+#endif
+	if (todo >= tab_pad && !curbuf->b_p_et)
+	{
+	    todo -= tab_pad;
+	    ++ind_len;
+#ifdef FEAT_VARTABS
+	    ind_col += tab_pad;
+#endif
+	    if (p != NULL)
+		*p++ = TAB;
+	}
+
+	/* Add tabs required for indent */
+	if (!curbuf->b_p_et)
+	{
+#ifdef FEAT_VARTABS
+	    for (;;)
+	    {
+		tab_pad = tabstop_padding(ind_col, curbuf->b_p_ts,
+							curbuf->b_p_vts_array);
+		if (todo < tab_pad)
+		    break;
+		todo -= tab_pad;
+		++ind_len;
+		ind_col += tab_pad;
+		if (p != NULL)
+		    *p++ = TAB;
+	    }
+#else
+	    while (todo >= (int)curbuf->b_p_ts)
+	    {
+		todo -= (int)curbuf->b_p_ts;
+		++ind_len;
+		if (p != NULL)
+		    *p++ = TAB;
+	    }
+#endif
+	}
+
+	/* Count/add spaces required for indent */
+	while (todo > 0)
+	{
+	    --todo;
+	    ++ind_len;
+	    if (p != NULL)
+		*p++ = ' ';
+	}
+
+	if (p == NULL)
+	{
+	    /* Allocate memory for the result: the copied indent, new indent
+	     * and the rest of the line. */
+	    line_len = (int)STRLEN(ml_get_curline()) + 1;
+	    line = alloc(ind_len + line_len);
+	    if (line == NULL)
+		return FALSE;
+	    p = line;
+	}
+    }
+
+    /* Append the original line */
+    mch_memmove(p, ml_get_curline(), (size_t)line_len);
+
+    /* Replace the line */
+    ml_replace(curwin->w_cursor.lnum, line, FALSE);
+
+    /* Put the cursor after the indent. */
+    curwin->w_cursor.col = ind_len;
+    return TRUE;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Return the indent of the current line after a number.  Return -1 if no
+ * number was found.  Used for 'n' in 'formatoptions': numbered list.
+ * Since a pattern is used it can actually handle more than numbers.
+ */
+    int
+get_number_indent(linenr_T lnum)
+{
+    colnr_T	col;
+    pos_T	pos;
+
+    regmatch_T	regmatch;
+    int		lead_len = 0;	/* length of comment leader */
+
+    if (lnum > curbuf->b_ml.ml_line_count)
+	return -1;
+    pos.lnum = 0;
+
+#ifdef FEAT_COMMENTS
+    /* In format_lines() (i.e. not insert mode), fo+=q is needed too...  */
+    if ((State & INSERT) || has_format_option(FO_Q_COMS))
+	lead_len = get_leader_len(ml_get(lnum), NULL, FALSE, TRUE);
+#endif
+    regmatch.regprog = vim_regcomp(curbuf->b_p_flp, RE_MAGIC);
+    if (regmatch.regprog != NULL)
+    {
+	regmatch.rm_ic = FALSE;
+
+	/* vim_regexec() expects a pointer to a line.  This lets us
+	 * start matching for the flp beyond any comment leader...  */
+	if (vim_regexec(&regmatch, ml_get(lnum) + lead_len, (colnr_T)0))
+	{
+	    pos.lnum = lnum;
+	    pos.col = (colnr_T)(*regmatch.endp - ml_get(lnum));
+	    pos.coladd = 0;
+	}
+	vim_regfree(regmatch.regprog);
+    }
+
+    if (pos.lnum == 0 || *ml_get_pos(&pos) == NUL)
+	return -1;
+    getvcol(curwin, &pos, &col, NULL, NULL);
+    return (int)col;
+}
+
+#if defined(FEAT_LINEBREAK) || defined(PROTO)
+/*
+ * Return appropriate space number for breakindent, taking influencing
+ * parameters into account. Window must be specified, since it is not
+ * necessarily always the current one.
+ */
+    int
+get_breakindent_win(
+    win_T	*wp,
+    char_u	*line) /* start of the line */
+{
+    static int	    prev_indent = 0;  /* cached indent value */
+    static long	    prev_ts     = 0L; /* cached tabstop value */
+    static char_u   *prev_line = NULL; /* cached pointer to line */
+    static varnumber_T prev_tick = 0;   /* changedtick of cached value */
+#ifdef FEAT_VARTABS
+    static int      *prev_vts = NULL;    /* cached vartabs values */
+#endif
+    int		    bri = 0;
+    /* window width minus window margin space, i.e. what rests for text */
+    const int	    eff_wwidth = wp->w_width
+			    - ((wp->w_p_nu || wp->w_p_rnu)
+				&& (vim_strchr(p_cpo, CPO_NUMCOL) == NULL)
+						? number_width(wp) + 1 : 0);
+
+    /* used cached indent, unless pointer or 'tabstop' changed */
+    if (prev_line != line || prev_ts != wp->w_buffer->b_p_ts
+	    || prev_tick != CHANGEDTICK(wp->w_buffer)
+#ifdef FEAT_VARTABS
+	    || prev_vts != wp->w_buffer->b_p_vts_array
+#endif
+	)
+    {
+	prev_line = line;
+	prev_ts = wp->w_buffer->b_p_ts;
+	prev_tick = CHANGEDTICK(wp->w_buffer);
+#ifdef FEAT_VARTABS
+	prev_vts = wp->w_buffer->b_p_vts_array;
+	prev_indent = get_indent_str_vtab(line,
+				     (int)wp->w_buffer->b_p_ts,
+				    wp->w_buffer->b_p_vts_array, wp->w_p_list);
+#else
+	prev_indent = get_indent_str(line,
+				     (int)wp->w_buffer->b_p_ts, wp->w_p_list);
+#endif
+    }
+    bri = prev_indent + wp->w_p_brishift;
+
+    /* indent minus the length of the showbreak string */
+    if (wp->w_p_brisbr)
+	bri -= vim_strsize(p_sbr);
+
+    /* Add offset for number column, if 'n' is in 'cpoptions' */
+    bri += win_col_off2(wp);
+
+    /* never indent past left window margin */
+    if (bri < 0)
+	bri = 0;
+    /* always leave at least bri_min characters on the left,
+     * if text width is sufficient */
+    else if (bri > eff_wwidth - wp->w_p_brimin)
+	bri = (eff_wwidth - wp->w_p_brimin < 0)
+			    ? 0 : eff_wwidth - wp->w_p_brimin;
+
+    return bri;
+}
+#endif
+
+
+/*
+ * open_line: Add a new line below or above the current line.
+ *
+ * For VREPLACE mode, we only add a new line when we get to the end of the
+ * file, otherwise we just start replacing the next line.
+ *
+ * Caller must take care of undo.  Since VREPLACE may affect any number of
+ * lines however, it may call u_save_cursor() again when starting to change a
+ * new line.
+ * "flags": OPENLINE_DELSPACES	delete spaces after cursor
+ *	    OPENLINE_DO_COM	format comments
+ *	    OPENLINE_KEEPTRAIL	keep trailing spaces
+ *	    OPENLINE_MARKFIX	adjust mark positions after the line break
+ *	    OPENLINE_COM_LIST	format comments with list or 2nd line indent
+ *
+ * "second_line_indent": indent for after ^^D in Insert mode or if flag
+ *			  OPENLINE_COM_LIST
+ *
+ * Return OK for success, FAIL for failure
+ */
+    int
+open_line(
+    int		dir,		/* FORWARD or BACKWARD */
+    int		flags,
+    int		second_line_indent)
+{
+    char_u	*saved_line;		/* copy of the original line */
+    char_u	*next_line = NULL;	/* copy of the next line */
+    char_u	*p_extra = NULL;	/* what goes to next line */
+    int		less_cols = 0;		/* less columns for mark in new line */
+    int		less_cols_off = 0;	/* columns to skip for mark adjust */
+    pos_T	old_cursor;		/* old cursor position */
+    int		newcol = 0;		/* new cursor column */
+    int		newindent = 0;		/* auto-indent of the new line */
+    int		n;
+    int		trunc_line = FALSE;	/* truncate current line afterwards */
+    int		retval = FAIL;		/* return value */
+#ifdef FEAT_COMMENTS
+    int		extra_len = 0;		/* length of p_extra string */
+    int		lead_len;		/* length of comment leader */
+    char_u	*lead_flags;	/* position in 'comments' for comment leader */
+    char_u	*leader = NULL;		/* copy of comment leader */
+#endif
+    char_u	*allocated = NULL;	/* allocated memory */
+    char_u	*p;
+    int		saved_char = NUL;	/* init for GCC */
+#if defined(FEAT_SMARTINDENT) || defined(FEAT_COMMENTS)
+    pos_T	*pos;
+#endif
+#ifdef FEAT_SMARTINDENT
+    int		do_si = (!p_paste && curbuf->b_p_si
+# ifdef FEAT_CINDENT
+					&& !curbuf->b_p_cin
+# endif
+# ifdef FEAT_EVAL
+					&& *curbuf->b_p_inde == NUL
+# endif
+			);
+    int		no_si = FALSE;		/* reset did_si afterwards */
+    int		first_char = NUL;	/* init for GCC */
+#endif
+#if defined(FEAT_LISP) || defined(FEAT_CINDENT)
+    int		vreplace_mode;
+#endif
+    int		did_append;		/* appended a new line */
+    int		saved_pi = curbuf->b_p_pi; /* copy of preserveindent setting */
+
+    /*
+     * make a copy of the current line so we can mess with it
+     */
+    saved_line = vim_strsave(ml_get_curline());
+    if (saved_line == NULL)	    /* out of memory! */
+	return FALSE;
+
+    if (State & VREPLACE_FLAG)
+    {
+	/*
+	 * With VREPLACE we make a copy of the next line, which we will be
+	 * starting to replace.  First make the new line empty and let vim play
+	 * with the indenting and comment leader to its heart's content.  Then
+	 * we grab what it ended up putting on the new line, put back the
+	 * original line, and call ins_char() to put each new character onto
+	 * the line, replacing what was there before and pushing the right
+	 * stuff onto the replace stack.  -- webb.
+	 */
+	if (curwin->w_cursor.lnum < orig_line_count)
+	    next_line = vim_strsave(ml_get(curwin->w_cursor.lnum + 1));
+	else
+	    next_line = vim_strsave((char_u *)"");
+	if (next_line == NULL)	    /* out of memory! */
+	    goto theend;
+
+	/*
+	 * In VREPLACE mode, a NL replaces the rest of the line, and starts
+	 * replacing the next line, so push all of the characters left on the
+	 * line onto the replace stack.  We'll push any other characters that
+	 * might be replaced at the start of the next line (due to autoindent
+	 * etc) a bit later.
+	 */
+	replace_push(NUL);  /* Call twice because BS over NL expects it */
+	replace_push(NUL);
+	p = saved_line + curwin->w_cursor.col;
+	while (*p != NUL)
+	{
+	    if (has_mbyte)
+		p += replace_push_mb(p);
+	    else
+		replace_push(*p++);
+	}
+	saved_line[curwin->w_cursor.col] = NUL;
+    }
+
+    if ((State & INSERT) && !(State & VREPLACE_FLAG))
+    {
+	p_extra = saved_line + curwin->w_cursor.col;
+#ifdef FEAT_SMARTINDENT
+	if (do_si)		/* need first char after new line break */
+	{
+	    p = skipwhite(p_extra);
+	    first_char = *p;
+	}
+#endif
+#ifdef FEAT_COMMENTS
+	extra_len = (int)STRLEN(p_extra);
+#endif
+	saved_char = *p_extra;
+	*p_extra = NUL;
+    }
+
+    u_clearline();		/* cannot do "U" command when adding lines */
+#ifdef FEAT_SMARTINDENT
+    did_si = FALSE;
+#endif
+    ai_col = 0;
+
+    /*
+     * If we just did an auto-indent, then we didn't type anything on
+     * the prior line, and it should be truncated.  Do this even if 'ai' is not
+     * set because automatically inserting a comment leader also sets did_ai.
+     */
+    if (dir == FORWARD && did_ai)
+	trunc_line = TRUE;
+
+    /*
+     * If 'autoindent' and/or 'smartindent' is set, try to figure out what
+     * indent to use for the new line.
+     */
+    if (curbuf->b_p_ai
+#ifdef FEAT_SMARTINDENT
+			|| do_si
+#endif
+					    )
+    {
+	/*
+	 * count white space on current line
+	 */
+#ifdef FEAT_VARTABS
+	newindent = get_indent_str_vtab(saved_line, curbuf->b_p_ts,
+						 curbuf->b_p_vts_array, FALSE);
+#else
+	newindent = get_indent_str(saved_line, (int)curbuf->b_p_ts, FALSE);
+#endif
+	if (newindent == 0 && !(flags & OPENLINE_COM_LIST))
+	    newindent = second_line_indent; /* for ^^D command in insert mode */
+
+#ifdef FEAT_SMARTINDENT
+	/*
+	 * Do smart indenting.
+	 * In insert/replace mode (only when dir == FORWARD)
+	 * we may move some text to the next line. If it starts with '{'
+	 * don't add an indent. Fixes inserting a NL before '{' in line
+	 *	"if (condition) {"
+	 */
+	if (!trunc_line && do_si && *saved_line != NUL
+				    && (p_extra == NULL || first_char != '{'))
+	{
+	    char_u  *ptr;
+	    char_u  last_char;
+
+	    old_cursor = curwin->w_cursor;
+	    ptr = saved_line;
+# ifdef FEAT_COMMENTS
+	    if (flags & OPENLINE_DO_COM)
+		lead_len = get_leader_len(ptr, NULL, FALSE, TRUE);
+	    else
+		lead_len = 0;
+# endif
+	    if (dir == FORWARD)
+	    {
+		/*
+		 * Skip preprocessor directives, unless they are
+		 * recognised as comments.
+		 */
+		if (
+# ifdef FEAT_COMMENTS
+			lead_len == 0 &&
+# endif
+			ptr[0] == '#')
+		{
+		    while (ptr[0] == '#' && curwin->w_cursor.lnum > 1)
+			ptr = ml_get(--curwin->w_cursor.lnum);
+		    newindent = get_indent();
+		}
+# ifdef FEAT_COMMENTS
+		if (flags & OPENLINE_DO_COM)
+		    lead_len = get_leader_len(ptr, NULL, FALSE, TRUE);
+		else
+		    lead_len = 0;
+		if (lead_len > 0)
+		{
+		    /*
+		     * This case gets the following right:
+		     *	    \*
+		     *	     * A comment (read '\' as '/').
+		     *	     *\
+		     * #define IN_THE_WAY
+		     *	    This should line up here;
+		     */
+		    p = skipwhite(ptr);
+		    if (p[0] == '/' && p[1] == '*')
+			p++;
+		    if (p[0] == '*')
+		    {
+			for (p++; *p; p++)
+			{
+			    if (p[0] == '/' && p[-1] == '*')
+			    {
+				/*
+				 * End of C comment, indent should line up
+				 * with the line containing the start of
+				 * the comment
+				 */
+				curwin->w_cursor.col = (colnr_T)(p - ptr);
+				if ((pos = findmatch(NULL, NUL)) != NULL)
+				{
+				    curwin->w_cursor.lnum = pos->lnum;
+				    newindent = get_indent();
+				}
+			    }
+			}
+		    }
+		}
+		else	/* Not a comment line */
+# endif
+		{
+		    /* Find last non-blank in line */
+		    p = ptr + STRLEN(ptr) - 1;
+		    while (p > ptr && VIM_ISWHITE(*p))
+			--p;
+		    last_char = *p;
+
+		    /*
+		     * find the character just before the '{' or ';'
+		     */
+		    if (last_char == '{' || last_char == ';')
+		    {
+			if (p > ptr)
+			    --p;
+			while (p > ptr && VIM_ISWHITE(*p))
+			    --p;
+		    }
+		    /*
+		     * Try to catch lines that are split over multiple
+		     * lines.  eg:
+		     *	    if (condition &&
+		     *			condition) {
+		     *		Should line up here!
+		     *	    }
+		     */
+		    if (*p == ')')
+		    {
+			curwin->w_cursor.col = (colnr_T)(p - ptr);
+			if ((pos = findmatch(NULL, '(')) != NULL)
+			{
+			    curwin->w_cursor.lnum = pos->lnum;
+			    newindent = get_indent();
+			    ptr = ml_get_curline();
+			}
+		    }
+		    /*
+		     * If last character is '{' do indent, without
+		     * checking for "if" and the like.
+		     */
+		    if (last_char == '{')
+		    {
+			did_si = TRUE;	/* do indent */
+			no_si = TRUE;	/* don't delete it when '{' typed */
+		    }
+		    /*
+		     * Look for "if" and the like, use 'cinwords'.
+		     * Don't do this if the previous line ended in ';' or
+		     * '}'.
+		     */
+		    else if (last_char != ';' && last_char != '}'
+						       && cin_is_cinword(ptr))
+			did_si = TRUE;
+		}
+	    }
+	    else /* dir == BACKWARD */
+	    {
+		/*
+		 * Skip preprocessor directives, unless they are
+		 * recognised as comments.
+		 */
+		if (
+# ifdef FEAT_COMMENTS
+			lead_len == 0 &&
+# endif
+			ptr[0] == '#')
+		{
+		    int was_backslashed = FALSE;
+
+		    while ((ptr[0] == '#' || was_backslashed) &&
+			 curwin->w_cursor.lnum < curbuf->b_ml.ml_line_count)
+		    {
+			if (*ptr && ptr[STRLEN(ptr) - 1] == '\\')
+			    was_backslashed = TRUE;
+			else
+			    was_backslashed = FALSE;
+			ptr = ml_get(++curwin->w_cursor.lnum);
+		    }
+		    if (was_backslashed)
+			newindent = 0;	    /* Got to end of file */
+		    else
+			newindent = get_indent();
+		}
+		p = skipwhite(ptr);
+		if (*p == '}')	    /* if line starts with '}': do indent */
+		    did_si = TRUE;
+		else		    /* can delete indent when '{' typed */
+		    can_si_back = TRUE;
+	    }
+	    curwin->w_cursor = old_cursor;
+	}
+	if (do_si)
+	    can_si = TRUE;
+#endif /* FEAT_SMARTINDENT */
+
+	did_ai = TRUE;
+    }
+
+#ifdef FEAT_COMMENTS
+    /*
+     * Find out if the current line starts with a comment leader.
+     * This may then be inserted in front of the new line.
+     */
+    end_comment_pending = NUL;
+    if (flags & OPENLINE_DO_COM)
+	lead_len = get_leader_len(saved_line, &lead_flags, dir == BACKWARD, TRUE);
+    else
+	lead_len = 0;
+    if (lead_len > 0)
+    {
+	char_u	*lead_repl = NULL;	    /* replaces comment leader */
+	int	lead_repl_len = 0;	    /* length of *lead_repl */
+	char_u	lead_middle[COM_MAX_LEN];   /* middle-comment string */
+	char_u	lead_end[COM_MAX_LEN];	    /* end-comment string */
+	char_u	*comment_end = NULL;	    /* where lead_end has been found */
+	int	extra_space = FALSE;	    /* append extra space */
+	int	current_flag;
+	int	require_blank = FALSE;	    /* requires blank after middle */
+	char_u	*p2;
+
+	/*
+	 * If the comment leader has the start, middle or end flag, it may not
+	 * be used or may be replaced with the middle leader.
+	 */
+	for (p = lead_flags; *p && *p != ':'; ++p)
+	{
+	    if (*p == COM_BLANK)
+	    {
+		require_blank = TRUE;
+		continue;
+	    }
+	    if (*p == COM_START || *p == COM_MIDDLE)
+	    {
+		current_flag = *p;
+		if (*p == COM_START)
+		{
+		    /*
+		     * Doing "O" on a start of comment does not insert leader.
+		     */
+		    if (dir == BACKWARD)
+		    {
+			lead_len = 0;
+			break;
+		    }
+
+		    /* find start of middle part */
+		    (void)copy_option_part(&p, lead_middle, COM_MAX_LEN, ",");
+		    require_blank = FALSE;
+		}
+
+		/*
+		 * Isolate the strings of the middle and end leader.
+		 */
+		while (*p && p[-1] != ':')	/* find end of middle flags */
+		{
+		    if (*p == COM_BLANK)
+			require_blank = TRUE;
+		    ++p;
+		}
+		(void)copy_option_part(&p, lead_middle, COM_MAX_LEN, ",");
+
+		while (*p && p[-1] != ':')	/* find end of end flags */
+		{
+		    /* Check whether we allow automatic ending of comments */
+		    if (*p == COM_AUTO_END)
+			end_comment_pending = -1; /* means we want to set it */
+		    ++p;
+		}
+		n = copy_option_part(&p, lead_end, COM_MAX_LEN, ",");
+
+		if (end_comment_pending == -1)	/* we can set it now */
+		    end_comment_pending = lead_end[n - 1];
+
+		/*
+		 * If the end of the comment is in the same line, don't use
+		 * the comment leader.
+		 */
+		if (dir == FORWARD)
+		{
+		    for (p = saved_line + lead_len; *p; ++p)
+			if (STRNCMP(p, lead_end, n) == 0)
+			{
+			    comment_end = p;
+			    lead_len = 0;
+			    break;
+			}
+		}
+
+		/*
+		 * Doing "o" on a start of comment inserts the middle leader.
+		 */
+		if (lead_len > 0)
+		{
+		    if (current_flag == COM_START)
+		    {
+			lead_repl = lead_middle;
+			lead_repl_len = (int)STRLEN(lead_middle);
+		    }
+
+		    /*
+		     * If we have hit RETURN immediately after the start
+		     * comment leader, then put a space after the middle
+		     * comment leader on the next line.
+		     */
+		    if (!VIM_ISWHITE(saved_line[lead_len - 1])
+			    && ((p_extra != NULL
+				    && (int)curwin->w_cursor.col == lead_len)
+				|| (p_extra == NULL
+				    && saved_line[lead_len] == NUL)
+				|| require_blank))
+			extra_space = TRUE;
+		}
+		break;
+	    }
+	    if (*p == COM_END)
+	    {
+		/*
+		 * Doing "o" on the end of a comment does not insert leader.
+		 * Remember where the end is, might want to use it to find the
+		 * start (for C-comments).
+		 */
+		if (dir == FORWARD)
+		{
+		    comment_end = skipwhite(saved_line);
+		    lead_len = 0;
+		    break;
+		}
+
+		/*
+		 * Doing "O" on the end of a comment inserts the middle leader.
+		 * Find the string for the middle leader, searching backwards.
+		 */
+		while (p > curbuf->b_p_com && *p != ',')
+		    --p;
+		for (lead_repl = p; lead_repl > curbuf->b_p_com
+					 && lead_repl[-1] != ':'; --lead_repl)
+		    ;
+		lead_repl_len = (int)(p - lead_repl);
+
+		/* We can probably always add an extra space when doing "O" on
+		 * the comment-end */
+		extra_space = TRUE;
+
+		/* Check whether we allow automatic ending of comments */
+		for (p2 = p; *p2 && *p2 != ':'; p2++)
+		{
+		    if (*p2 == COM_AUTO_END)
+			end_comment_pending = -1; /* means we want to set it */
+		}
+		if (end_comment_pending == -1)
+		{
+		    /* Find last character in end-comment string */
+		    while (*p2 && *p2 != ',')
+			p2++;
+		    end_comment_pending = p2[-1];
+		}
+		break;
+	    }
+	    if (*p == COM_FIRST)
+	    {
+		/*
+		 * Comment leader for first line only:	Don't repeat leader
+		 * when using "O", blank out leader when using "o".
+		 */
+		if (dir == BACKWARD)
+		    lead_len = 0;
+		else
+		{
+		    lead_repl = (char_u *)"";
+		    lead_repl_len = 0;
+		}
+		break;
+	    }
+	}
+	if (lead_len)
+	{
+	    /* allocate buffer (may concatenate p_extra later) */
+	    leader = alloc(lead_len + lead_repl_len + extra_space + extra_len
+		     + (second_line_indent > 0 ? second_line_indent : 0) + 1);
+	    allocated = leader;		    /* remember to free it later */
+
+	    if (leader == NULL)
+		lead_len = 0;
+	    else
+	    {
+		vim_strncpy(leader, saved_line, lead_len);
+
+		/*
+		 * Replace leader with lead_repl, right or left adjusted
+		 */
+		if (lead_repl != NULL)
+		{
+		    int		c = 0;
+		    int		off = 0;
+
+		    for (p = lead_flags; *p != NUL && *p != ':'; )
+		    {
+			if (*p == COM_RIGHT || *p == COM_LEFT)
+			    c = *p++;
+			else if (VIM_ISDIGIT(*p) || *p == '-')
+			    off = getdigits(&p);
+			else
+			    ++p;
+		    }
+		    if (c == COM_RIGHT)    /* right adjusted leader */
+		    {
+			/* find last non-white in the leader to line up with */
+			for (p = leader + lead_len - 1; p > leader
+						      && VIM_ISWHITE(*p); --p)
+			    ;
+			++p;
+
+			/* Compute the length of the replaced characters in
+			 * screen characters, not bytes. */
+			{
+			    int	    repl_size = vim_strnsize(lead_repl,
+							       lead_repl_len);
+			    int	    old_size = 0;
+			    char_u  *endp = p;
+			    int	    l;
+
+			    while (old_size < repl_size && p > leader)
+			    {
+				MB_PTR_BACK(leader, p);
+				old_size += ptr2cells(p);
+			    }
+			    l = lead_repl_len - (int)(endp - p);
+			    if (l != 0)
+				mch_memmove(endp + l, endp,
+					(size_t)((leader + lead_len) - endp));
+			    lead_len += l;
+			}
+			mch_memmove(p, lead_repl, (size_t)lead_repl_len);
+			if (p + lead_repl_len > leader + lead_len)
+			    p[lead_repl_len] = NUL;
+
+			/* blank-out any other chars from the old leader. */
+			while (--p >= leader)
+			{
+			    int l = mb_head_off(leader, p);
+
+			    if (l > 1)
+			    {
+				p -= l;
+				if (ptr2cells(p) > 1)
+				{
+				    p[1] = ' ';
+				    --l;
+				}
+				mch_memmove(p + 1, p + l + 1,
+				   (size_t)((leader + lead_len) - (p + l + 1)));
+				lead_len -= l;
+				*p = ' ';
+			    }
+			    else if (!VIM_ISWHITE(*p))
+				*p = ' ';
+			}
+		    }
+		    else		    /* left adjusted leader */
+		    {
+			p = skipwhite(leader);
+
+			/* Compute the length of the replaced characters in
+			 * screen characters, not bytes. Move the part that is
+			 * not to be overwritten. */
+			{
+			    int	    repl_size = vim_strnsize(lead_repl,
+							       lead_repl_len);
+			    int	    i;
+			    int	    l;
+
+			    for (i = 0; i < lead_len && p[i] != NUL; i += l)
+			    {
+				l = (*mb_ptr2len)(p + i);
+				if (vim_strnsize(p, i + l) > repl_size)
+				    break;
+			    }
+			    if (i != lead_repl_len)
+			    {
+				mch_memmove(p + lead_repl_len, p + i,
+				       (size_t)(lead_len - i - (p - leader)));
+				lead_len += lead_repl_len - i;
+			    }
+			}
+			mch_memmove(p, lead_repl, (size_t)lead_repl_len);
+
+			/* Replace any remaining non-white chars in the old
+			 * leader by spaces.  Keep Tabs, the indent must
+			 * remain the same. */
+			for (p += lead_repl_len; p < leader + lead_len; ++p)
+			    if (!VIM_ISWHITE(*p))
+			    {
+				/* Don't put a space before a TAB. */
+				if (p + 1 < leader + lead_len && p[1] == TAB)
+				{
+				    --lead_len;
+				    mch_memmove(p, p + 1,
+						     (leader + lead_len) - p);
+				}
+				else
+				{
+				    int	    l = (*mb_ptr2len)(p);
+
+				    if (l > 1)
+				    {
+					if (ptr2cells(p) > 1)
+					{
+					    /* Replace a double-wide char with
+					     * two spaces */
+					    --l;
+					    *p++ = ' ';
+					}
+					mch_memmove(p + 1, p + l,
+						     (leader + lead_len) - p);
+					lead_len -= l - 1;
+				    }
+				    *p = ' ';
+				}
+			    }
+			*p = NUL;
+		    }
+
+		    /* Recompute the indent, it may have changed. */
+		    if (curbuf->b_p_ai
+#ifdef FEAT_SMARTINDENT
+					|| do_si
+#endif
+							   )
+#ifdef FEAT_VARTABS
+			newindent = get_indent_str_vtab(leader, curbuf->b_p_ts,
+						 curbuf->b_p_vts_array, FALSE);
+#else
+			newindent = get_indent_str(leader,
+						   (int)curbuf->b_p_ts, FALSE);
+#endif
+
+		    /* Add the indent offset */
+		    if (newindent + off < 0)
+		    {
+			off = -newindent;
+			newindent = 0;
+		    }
+		    else
+			newindent += off;
+
+		    /* Correct trailing spaces for the shift, so that
+		     * alignment remains equal. */
+		    while (off > 0 && lead_len > 0
+					       && leader[lead_len - 1] == ' ')
+		    {
+			/* Don't do it when there is a tab before the space */
+			if (vim_strchr(skipwhite(leader), '\t') != NULL)
+			    break;
+			--lead_len;
+			--off;
+		    }
+
+		    /* If the leader ends in white space, don't add an
+		     * extra space */
+		    if (lead_len > 0 && VIM_ISWHITE(leader[lead_len - 1]))
+			extra_space = FALSE;
+		    leader[lead_len] = NUL;
+		}
+
+		if (extra_space)
+		{
+		    leader[lead_len++] = ' ';
+		    leader[lead_len] = NUL;
+		}
+
+		newcol = lead_len;
+
+		/*
+		 * if a new indent will be set below, remove the indent that
+		 * is in the comment leader
+		 */
+		if (newindent
+#ifdef FEAT_SMARTINDENT
+				|| did_si
+#endif
+					   )
+		{
+		    while (lead_len && VIM_ISWHITE(*leader))
+		    {
+			--lead_len;
+			--newcol;
+			++leader;
+		    }
+		}
+
+	    }
+#ifdef FEAT_SMARTINDENT
+	    did_si = can_si = FALSE;
+#endif
+	}
+	else if (comment_end != NULL)
+	{
+	    /*
+	     * We have finished a comment, so we don't use the leader.
+	     * If this was a C-comment and 'ai' or 'si' is set do a normal
+	     * indent to align with the line containing the start of the
+	     * comment.
+	     */
+	    if (comment_end[0] == '*' && comment_end[1] == '/' &&
+			(curbuf->b_p_ai
+#ifdef FEAT_SMARTINDENT
+					|| do_si
+#endif
+							   ))
+	    {
+		old_cursor = curwin->w_cursor;
+		curwin->w_cursor.col = (colnr_T)(comment_end - saved_line);
+		if ((pos = findmatch(NULL, NUL)) != NULL)
+		{
+		    curwin->w_cursor.lnum = pos->lnum;
+		    newindent = get_indent();
+		}
+		curwin->w_cursor = old_cursor;
+	    }
+	}
+    }
+#endif
+
+    /* (State == INSERT || State == REPLACE), only when dir == FORWARD */
+    if (p_extra != NULL)
+    {
+	*p_extra = saved_char;		/* restore char that NUL replaced */
+
+	/*
+	 * When 'ai' set or "flags" has OPENLINE_DELSPACES, skip to the first
+	 * non-blank.
+	 *
+	 * When in REPLACE mode, put the deleted blanks on the replace stack,
+	 * preceded by a NUL, so they can be put back when a BS is entered.
+	 */
+	if (REPLACE_NORMAL(State))
+	    replace_push(NUL);	    /* end of extra blanks */
+	if (curbuf->b_p_ai || (flags & OPENLINE_DELSPACES))
+	{
+	    while ((*p_extra == ' ' || *p_extra == '\t')
+		    && (!enc_utf8
+			       || !utf_iscomposing(utf_ptr2char(p_extra + 1))))
+	    {
+		if (REPLACE_NORMAL(State))
+		    replace_push(*p_extra);
+		++p_extra;
+		++less_cols_off;
+	    }
+	}
+	if (*p_extra != NUL)
+	    did_ai = FALSE;	    /* append some text, don't truncate now */
+
+	/* columns for marks adjusted for removed columns */
+	less_cols = (int)(p_extra - saved_line);
+    }
+
+    if (p_extra == NULL)
+	p_extra = (char_u *)"";		    /* append empty line */
+
+#ifdef FEAT_COMMENTS
+    /* concatenate leader and p_extra, if there is a leader */
+    if (lead_len)
+    {
+	if (flags & OPENLINE_COM_LIST && second_line_indent > 0)
+	{
+	    int i;
+	    int padding = second_line_indent
+					  - (newindent + (int)STRLEN(leader));
+
+	    /* Here whitespace is inserted after the comment char.
+	     * Below, set_indent(newindent, SIN_INSERT) will insert the
+	     * whitespace needed before the comment char. */
+	    for (i = 0; i < padding; i++)
+	    {
+		STRCAT(leader, " ");
+		less_cols--;
+		newcol++;
+	    }
+	}
+	STRCAT(leader, p_extra);
+	p_extra = leader;
+	did_ai = TRUE;	    /* So truncating blanks works with comments */
+	less_cols -= lead_len;
+    }
+    else
+	end_comment_pending = NUL;  /* turns out there was no leader */
+#endif
+
+    old_cursor = curwin->w_cursor;
+    if (dir == BACKWARD)
+	--curwin->w_cursor.lnum;
+    if (!(State & VREPLACE_FLAG) || old_cursor.lnum >= orig_line_count)
+    {
+	if (ml_append(curwin->w_cursor.lnum, p_extra, (colnr_T)0, FALSE)
+								      == FAIL)
+	    goto theend;
+	/* Postpone calling changed_lines(), because it would mess up folding
+	 * with markers.
+	 * Skip mark_adjust when adding a line after the last one, there can't
+	 * be marks there. But still needed in diff mode. */
+	if (curwin->w_cursor.lnum + 1 < curbuf->b_ml.ml_line_count
+#ifdef FEAT_DIFF
+		|| curwin->w_p_diff
+#endif
+	    )
+	    mark_adjust(curwin->w_cursor.lnum + 1, (linenr_T)MAXLNUM, 1L, 0L);
+	did_append = TRUE;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+	/*
+	 * In VREPLACE mode we are starting to replace the next line.
+	 */
+	curwin->w_cursor.lnum++;
+	if (curwin->w_cursor.lnum >= Insstart.lnum + vr_lines_changed)
+	{
+	    /* In case we NL to a new line, BS to the previous one, and NL
+	     * again, we don't want to save the new line for undo twice.
+	     */
+	    (void)u_save_cursor();		    /* errors are ignored! */
+	    vr_lines_changed++;
+	}
+	ml_replace(curwin->w_cursor.lnum, p_extra, TRUE);
+	changed_bytes(curwin->w_cursor.lnum, 0);
+	curwin->w_cursor.lnum--;
+	did_append = FALSE;
+    }
+
+    if (newindent
+#ifdef FEAT_SMARTINDENT
+		    || did_si
+#endif
+				)
+    {
+	++curwin->w_cursor.lnum;
+#ifdef FEAT_SMARTINDENT
+	if (did_si)
+	{
+	    int sw = (int)get_sw_value(curbuf);
+
+	    if (p_sr)
+		newindent -= newindent % sw;
+	    newindent += sw;
+	}
+#endif
+	/* Copy the indent */
+	if (curbuf->b_p_ci)
+	{
+	    (void)copy_indent(newindent, saved_line);
+
+	    /*
+	     * Set the 'preserveindent' option so that any further screwing
+	     * with the line doesn't entirely destroy our efforts to preserve
+	     * it.  It gets restored at the function end.
+	     */
+	    curbuf->b_p_pi = TRUE;
+	}
+	else
+	    (void)set_indent(newindent, SIN_INSERT);
+	less_cols -= curwin->w_cursor.col;
+
+	ai_col = curwin->w_cursor.col;
+
+	/*
+	 * In REPLACE mode, for each character in the new indent, there must
+	 * be a NUL on the replace stack, for when it is deleted with BS
+	 */
+	if (REPLACE_NORMAL(State))
+	    for (n = 0; n < (int)curwin->w_cursor.col; ++n)
+		replace_push(NUL);
+	newcol += curwin->w_cursor.col;
+#ifdef FEAT_SMARTINDENT
+	if (no_si)
+	    did_si = FALSE;
+#endif
+    }
+
+#ifdef FEAT_COMMENTS
+    /*
+     * In REPLACE mode, for each character in the extra leader, there must be
+     * a NUL on the replace stack, for when it is deleted with BS.
+     */
+    if (REPLACE_NORMAL(State))
+	while (lead_len-- > 0)
+	    replace_push(NUL);
+#endif
+
+    curwin->w_cursor = old_cursor;
+
+    if (dir == FORWARD)
+    {
+	if (trunc_line || (State & INSERT))
+	{
+	    /* truncate current line at cursor */
+	    saved_line[curwin->w_cursor.col] = NUL;
+	    /* Remove trailing white space, unless OPENLINE_KEEPTRAIL used. */
+	    if (trunc_line && !(flags & OPENLINE_KEEPTRAIL))
+		truncate_spaces(saved_line);
+	    ml_replace(curwin->w_cursor.lnum, saved_line, FALSE);
+	    saved_line = NULL;
+	    if (did_append)
+	    {
+		changed_lines(curwin->w_cursor.lnum, curwin->w_cursor.col,
+					       curwin->w_cursor.lnum + 1, 1L);
+		did_append = FALSE;
+
+		/* Move marks after the line break to the new line. */
+		if (flags & OPENLINE_MARKFIX)
+		    mark_col_adjust(curwin->w_cursor.lnum,
+					 curwin->w_cursor.col + less_cols_off,
+						      1L, (long)-less_cols, 0);
+	    }
+	    else
+		changed_bytes(curwin->w_cursor.lnum, curwin->w_cursor.col);
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Put the cursor on the new line.  Careful: the scrollup() above may
+	 * have moved w_cursor, we must use old_cursor.
+	 */
+	curwin->w_cursor.lnum = old_cursor.lnum + 1;
+    }
+    if (did_append)
+	changed_lines(curwin->w_cursor.lnum, 0, curwin->w_cursor.lnum, 1L);
+
+    curwin->w_cursor.col = newcol;
+    curwin->w_cursor.coladd = 0;
+
+#if defined(FEAT_LISP) || defined(FEAT_CINDENT)
+    /*
+     * In VREPLACE mode, we are handling the replace stack ourselves, so stop
+     * fixthisline() from doing it (via change_indent()) by telling it we're in
+     * normal INSERT mode.
+     */
+    if (State & VREPLACE_FLAG)
+    {
+	vreplace_mode = State;	/* So we know to put things right later */
+	State = INSERT;
+    }
+    else
+	vreplace_mode = 0;
+#endif
+#ifdef FEAT_LISP
+    /*
+     * May do lisp indenting.
+     */
+    if (!p_paste
+# ifdef FEAT_COMMENTS
+	    && leader == NULL
+# endif
+	    && curbuf->b_p_lisp
+	    && curbuf->b_p_ai)
+    {
+	fixthisline(get_lisp_indent);
+	ai_col = (colnr_T)getwhitecols_curline();
+    }
+#endif
+#ifdef FEAT_CINDENT
+    /*
+     * May do indenting after opening a new line.
+     */
+    if (!p_paste
+	    && (curbuf->b_p_cin
+#  ifdef FEAT_EVAL
+		    || *curbuf->b_p_inde != NUL
+#  endif
+		)
+	    && in_cinkeys(dir == FORWARD
+		? KEY_OPEN_FORW
+		: KEY_OPEN_BACK, ' ', linewhite(curwin->w_cursor.lnum)))
+    {
+	do_c_expr_indent();
+	ai_col = (colnr_T)getwhitecols_curline();
+    }
+#endif
+#if defined(FEAT_LISP) || defined(FEAT_CINDENT)
+    if (vreplace_mode != 0)
+	State = vreplace_mode;
+#endif
+
+    /*
+     * Finally, VREPLACE gets the stuff on the new line, then puts back the
+     * original line, and inserts the new stuff char by char, pushing old stuff
+     * onto the replace stack (via ins_char()).
+     */
+    if (State & VREPLACE_FLAG)
+    {
+	/* Put new line in p_extra */
+	p_extra = vim_strsave(ml_get_curline());
+	if (p_extra == NULL)
+	    goto theend;
+
+	/* Put back original line */
+	ml_replace(curwin->w_cursor.lnum, next_line, FALSE);
+
+	/* Insert new stuff into line again */
+	curwin->w_cursor.col = 0;
+	curwin->w_cursor.coladd = 0;
+	ins_bytes(p_extra);	/* will call changed_bytes() */
+	vim_free(p_extra);
+	next_line = NULL;
+    }
+
+    retval = OK;		/* success! */
+theend:
+    curbuf->b_p_pi = saved_pi;
+    vim_free(saved_line);
+    vim_free(next_line);
+    vim_free(allocated);
+    return retval;
+}
+
+#if defined(FEAT_COMMENTS) || defined(PROTO)
+/*
+ * get_leader_len() returns the length in bytes of the prefix of the given
+ * string which introduces a comment.  If this string is not a comment then
+ * 0 is returned.
+ * When "flags" is not NULL, it is set to point to the flags of the recognized
+ * comment leader.
+ * "backward" must be true for the "O" command.
+ * If "include_space" is set, include trailing whitespace while calculating the
+ * length.
+ */
+    int
+get_leader_len(
+    char_u	*line,
+    char_u	**flags,
+    int		backward,
+    int		include_space)
+{
+    int		i, j;
+    int		result;
+    int		got_com = FALSE;
+    int		found_one;
+    char_u	part_buf[COM_MAX_LEN];	/* buffer for one option part */
+    char_u	*string;		/* pointer to comment string */
+    char_u	*list;
+    int		middle_match_len = 0;
+    char_u	*prev_list;
+    char_u	*saved_flags = NULL;
+
+    result = i = 0;
+    while (VIM_ISWHITE(line[i]))    /* leading white space is ignored */
+	++i;
+
+    /*
+     * Repeat to match several nested comment strings.
+     */
+    while (line[i] != NUL)
+    {
+	/*
+	 * scan through the 'comments' option for a match
+	 */
+	found_one = FALSE;
+	for (list = curbuf->b_p_com; *list; )
+	{
+	    /* Get one option part into part_buf[].  Advance "list" to next
+	     * one.  Put "string" at start of string.  */
+	    if (!got_com && flags != NULL)
+		*flags = list;	    /* remember where flags started */
+	    prev_list = list;
+	    (void)copy_option_part(&list, part_buf, COM_MAX_LEN, ",");
+	    string = vim_strchr(part_buf, ':');
+	    if (string == NULL)	    /* missing ':', ignore this part */
+		continue;
+	    *string++ = NUL;	    /* isolate flags from string */
+
+	    /* If we found a middle match previously, use that match when this
+	     * is not a middle or end. */
+	    if (middle_match_len != 0
+		    && vim_strchr(part_buf, COM_MIDDLE) == NULL
+		    && vim_strchr(part_buf, COM_END) == NULL)
+		break;
+
+	    /* When we already found a nested comment, only accept further
+	     * nested comments. */
+	    if (got_com && vim_strchr(part_buf, COM_NEST) == NULL)
+		continue;
+
+	    /* When 'O' flag present and using "O" command skip this one. */
+	    if (backward && vim_strchr(part_buf, COM_NOBACK) != NULL)
+		continue;
+
+	    /* Line contents and string must match.
+	     * When string starts with white space, must have some white space
+	     * (but the amount does not need to match, there might be a mix of
+	     * TABs and spaces). */
+	    if (VIM_ISWHITE(string[0]))
+	    {
+		if (i == 0 || !VIM_ISWHITE(line[i - 1]))
+		    continue;  /* missing white space */
+		while (VIM_ISWHITE(string[0]))
+		    ++string;
+	    }
+	    for (j = 0; string[j] != NUL && string[j] == line[i + j]; ++j)
+		;
+	    if (string[j] != NUL)
+		continue;  /* string doesn't match */
+
+	    /* When 'b' flag used, there must be white space or an
+	     * end-of-line after the string in the line. */
+	    if (vim_strchr(part_buf, COM_BLANK) != NULL
+			   && !VIM_ISWHITE(line[i + j]) && line[i + j] != NUL)
+		continue;
+
+	    /* We have found a match, stop searching unless this is a middle
+	     * comment. The middle comment can be a substring of the end
+	     * comment in which case it's better to return the length of the
+	     * end comment and its flags.  Thus we keep searching with middle
+	     * and end matches and use an end match if it matches better. */
+	    if (vim_strchr(part_buf, COM_MIDDLE) != NULL)
+	    {
+		if (middle_match_len == 0)
+		{
+		    middle_match_len = j;
+		    saved_flags = prev_list;
+		}
+		continue;
+	    }
+	    if (middle_match_len != 0 && j > middle_match_len)
+		/* Use this match instead of the middle match, since it's a
+		 * longer thus better match. */
+		middle_match_len = 0;
+
+	    if (middle_match_len == 0)
+		i += j;
+	    found_one = TRUE;
+	    break;
+	}
+
+	if (middle_match_len != 0)
+	{
+	    /* Use the previously found middle match after failing to find a
+	     * match with an end. */
+	    if (!got_com && flags != NULL)
+		*flags = saved_flags;
+	    i += middle_match_len;
+	    found_one = TRUE;
+	}
+
+	/* No match found, stop scanning. */
+	if (!found_one)
+	    break;
+
+	result = i;
+
+	/* Include any trailing white space. */
+	while (VIM_ISWHITE(line[i]))
+	    ++i;
+
+	if (include_space)
+	    result = i;
+
+	/* If this comment doesn't nest, stop here. */
+	got_com = TRUE;
+	if (vim_strchr(part_buf, COM_NEST) == NULL)
+	    break;
+    }
+    return result;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Return the offset at which the last comment in line starts. If there is no
+ * comment in the whole line, -1 is returned.
+ *
+ * When "flags" is not null, it is set to point to the flags describing the
+ * recognized comment leader.
+ */
+    int
+get_last_leader_offset(char_u *line, char_u **flags)
+{
+    int		result = -1;
+    int		i, j;
+    int		lower_check_bound = 0;
+    char_u	*string;
+    char_u	*com_leader;
+    char_u	*com_flags;
+    char_u	*list;
+    int		found_one;
+    char_u	part_buf[COM_MAX_LEN];	/* buffer for one option part */
+
+    /*
+     * Repeat to match several nested comment strings.
+     */
+    i = (int)STRLEN(line);
+    while (--i >= lower_check_bound)
+    {
+	/*
+	 * scan through the 'comments' option for a match
+	 */
+	found_one = FALSE;
+	for (list = curbuf->b_p_com; *list; )
+	{
+	    char_u *flags_save = list;
+
+	    /*
+	     * Get one option part into part_buf[].  Advance list to next one.
+	     * put string at start of string.
+	     */
+	    (void)copy_option_part(&list, part_buf, COM_MAX_LEN, ",");
+	    string = vim_strchr(part_buf, ':');
+	    if (string == NULL)	/* If everything is fine, this cannot actually
+				 * happen. */
+	    {
+		continue;
+	    }
+	    *string++ = NUL;	/* Isolate flags from string. */
+	    com_leader = string;
+
+	    /*
+	     * Line contents and string must match.
+	     * When string starts with white space, must have some white space
+	     * (but the amount does not need to match, there might be a mix of
+	     * TABs and spaces).
+	     */
+	    if (VIM_ISWHITE(string[0]))
+	    {
+		if (i == 0 || !VIM_ISWHITE(line[i - 1]))
+		    continue;
+		while (VIM_ISWHITE(*string))
+		    ++string;
+	    }
+	    for (j = 0; string[j] != NUL && string[j] == line[i + j]; ++j)
+		/* do nothing */;
+	    if (string[j] != NUL)
+		continue;
+
+	    /*
+	     * When 'b' flag used, there must be white space or an
+	     * end-of-line after the string in the line.
+	     */
+	    if (vim_strchr(part_buf, COM_BLANK) != NULL
+		    && !VIM_ISWHITE(line[i + j]) && line[i + j] != NUL)
+		continue;
+
+	    if (vim_strchr(part_buf, COM_MIDDLE) != NULL)
+	    {
+		// For a middlepart comment, only consider it to match if
+		// everything before the current position in the line is
+		// whitespace.  Otherwise we would think we are inside a
+		// comment if the middle part appears somewhere in the middle
+		// of the line.  E.g. for C the "*" appears often.
+		for (j = 0; VIM_ISWHITE(line[j]) && j <= i; j++)
+		    ;
+		if (j < i)
+		    continue;
+	    }
+
+	    /*
+	     * We have found a match, stop searching.
+	     */
+	    found_one = TRUE;
+
+	    if (flags)
+		*flags = flags_save;
+	    com_flags = flags_save;
+
+	    break;
+	}
+
+	if (found_one)
+	{
+	    char_u  part_buf2[COM_MAX_LEN];	/* buffer for one option part */
+	    int     len1, len2, off;
+
+	    result = i;
+	    /*
+	     * If this comment nests, continue searching.
+	     */
+	    if (vim_strchr(part_buf, COM_NEST) != NULL)
+		continue;
+
+	    lower_check_bound = i;
+
+	    /* Let's verify whether the comment leader found is a substring
+	     * of other comment leaders. If it is, let's adjust the
+	     * lower_check_bound so that we make sure that we have determined
+	     * the comment leader correctly.
+	     */
+
+	    while (VIM_ISWHITE(*com_leader))
+		++com_leader;
+	    len1 = (int)STRLEN(com_leader);
+
+	    for (list = curbuf->b_p_com; *list; )
+	    {
+		char_u *flags_save = list;
+
+		(void)copy_option_part(&list, part_buf2, COM_MAX_LEN, ",");
+		if (flags_save == com_flags)
+		    continue;
+		string = vim_strchr(part_buf2, ':');
+		++string;
+		while (VIM_ISWHITE(*string))
+		    ++string;
+		len2 = (int)STRLEN(string);
+		if (len2 == 0)
+		    continue;
+
+		/* Now we have to verify whether string ends with a substring
+		 * beginning the com_leader. */
+		for (off = (len2 > i ? i : len2); off > 0 && off + len1 > len2;)
+		{
+		    --off;
+		    if (!STRNCMP(string + off, com_leader, len2 - off))
+		    {
+			if (i - off < lower_check_bound)
+			    lower_check_bound = i - off;
+		    }
+		}
+	    }
+	}
+    }
+    return result;
+}
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * Return the number of window lines occupied by buffer line "lnum".
+ */
+    int
+plines(linenr_T lnum)
+{
+    return plines_win(curwin, lnum, TRUE);
+}
+
+    int
+plines_win(
+    win_T	*wp,
+    linenr_T	lnum,
+    int		winheight)	/* when TRUE limit to window height */
+{
+#if defined(FEAT_DIFF) || defined(PROTO)
+    /* Check for filler lines above this buffer line.  When folded the result
+     * is one line anyway. */
+    return plines_win_nofill(wp, lnum, winheight) + diff_check_fill(wp, lnum);
+}
+
+    int
+plines_nofill(linenr_T lnum)
+{
+    return plines_win_nofill(curwin, lnum, TRUE);
+}
+
+    int
+plines_win_nofill(
+    win_T	*wp,
+    linenr_T	lnum,
+    int		winheight)	/* when TRUE limit to window height */
+{
+#endif
+    int		lines;
+
+    if (!wp->w_p_wrap)
+	return 1;
+
+    if (wp->w_width == 0)
+	return 1;
+
+#ifdef FEAT_FOLDING
+    /* A folded lines is handled just like an empty line. */
+    /* NOTE: Caller must handle lines that are MAYBE folded. */
+    if (lineFolded(wp, lnum) == TRUE)
+	return 1;
+#endif
+
+    lines = plines_win_nofold(wp, lnum);
+    if (winheight > 0 && lines > wp->w_height)
+	return (int)wp->w_height;
+    return lines;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Return number of window lines physical line "lnum" will occupy in window
+ * "wp".  Does not care about folding, 'wrap' or 'diff'.
+ */
+    int
+plines_win_nofold(win_T *wp, linenr_T lnum)
+{
+    char_u	*s;
+    long	col;
+    int		width;
+
+    s = ml_get_buf(wp->w_buffer, lnum, FALSE);
+    if (*s == NUL)		/* empty line */
+	return 1;
+    col = win_linetabsize(wp, s, (colnr_T)MAXCOL);
+
+    /*
+     * If list mode is on, then the '$' at the end of the line may take up one
+     * extra column.
+     */
+    if (wp->w_p_list && lcs_eol != NUL)
+	col += 1;
+
+    /*
+     * Add column offset for 'number', 'relativenumber' and 'foldcolumn'.
+     */
+    width = wp->w_width - win_col_off(wp);
+    if (width <= 0)
+	return 32000;
+    if (col <= width)
+	return 1;
+    col -= width;
+    width += win_col_off2(wp);
+    return (col + (width - 1)) / width + 1;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Like plines_win(), but only reports the number of physical screen lines
+ * used from the start of the line to the given column number.
+ */
+    int
+plines_win_col(win_T *wp, linenr_T lnum, long column)
+{
+    long	col;
+    char_u	*s;
+    int		lines = 0;
+    int		width;
+    char_u	*line;
+
+#ifdef FEAT_DIFF
+    /* Check for filler lines above this buffer line.  When folded the result
+     * is one line anyway. */
+    lines = diff_check_fill(wp, lnum);
+#endif
+
+    if (!wp->w_p_wrap)
+	return lines + 1;
+
+    if (wp->w_width == 0)
+	return lines + 1;
+
+    line = s = ml_get_buf(wp->w_buffer, lnum, FALSE);
+
+    col = 0;
+    while (*s != NUL && --column >= 0)
+    {
+	col += win_lbr_chartabsize(wp, line, s, (colnr_T)col, NULL);
+	MB_PTR_ADV(s);
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * If *s is a TAB, and the TAB is not displayed as ^I, and we're not in
+     * INSERT mode, then col must be adjusted so that it represents the last
+     * screen position of the TAB.  This only fixes an error when the TAB wraps
+     * from one screen line to the next (when 'columns' is not a multiple of
+     * 'ts') -- webb.
+     */
+    if (*s == TAB && (State & NORMAL) && (!wp->w_p_list || lcs_tab1))
+	col += win_lbr_chartabsize(wp, line, s, (colnr_T)col, NULL) - 1;
+
+    /*
+     * Add column offset for 'number', 'relativenumber', 'foldcolumn', etc.
+     */
+    width = wp->w_width - win_col_off(wp);
+    if (width <= 0)
+	return 9999;
+
+    lines += 1;
+    if (col > width)
+	lines += (col - width) / (width + win_col_off2(wp)) + 1;
+    return lines;
+}
+
+    int
+plines_m_win(win_T *wp, linenr_T first, linenr_T last)
+{
+    int		count = 0;
+
+    while (first <= last)
+    {
+#ifdef FEAT_FOLDING
+	int	x;
+
+	/* Check if there are any really folded lines, but also included lines
+	 * that are maybe folded. */
+	x = foldedCount(wp, first, NULL);
+	if (x > 0)
+	{
+	    ++count;	    /* count 1 for "+-- folded" line */
+	    first += x;
+	}
+	else
+#endif
+	{
+#ifdef FEAT_DIFF
+	    if (first == wp->w_topline)
+		count += plines_win_nofill(wp, first, TRUE) + wp->w_topfill;
+	    else
+#endif
+		count += plines_win(wp, first, TRUE);
+	    ++first;
+	}
+    }
+    return (count);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Insert string "p" at the cursor position.  Stops at a NUL byte.
+ * Handles Replace mode and multi-byte characters.
+ */
+    void
+ins_bytes(char_u *p)
+{
+    ins_bytes_len(p, (int)STRLEN(p));
+}
+
+/*
+ * Insert string "p" with length "len" at the cursor position.
+ * Handles Replace mode and multi-byte characters.
+ */
+    void
+ins_bytes_len(char_u *p, int len)
+{
+    int		i;
+    int		n;
+
+    if (has_mbyte)
+	for (i = 0; i < len; i += n)
+	{
+	    if (enc_utf8)
+		// avoid reading past p[len]
+		n = utfc_ptr2len_len(p + i, len - i);
+	    else
+		n = (*mb_ptr2len)(p + i);
+	    ins_char_bytes(p + i, n);
+	}
+    else
+	for (i = 0; i < len; ++i)
+	    ins_char(p[i]);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Insert or replace a single character at the cursor position.
+ * When in REPLACE or VREPLACE mode, replace any existing character.
+ * Caller must have prepared for undo.
+ * For multi-byte characters we get the whole character, the caller must
+ * convert bytes to a character.
+ */
+    void
+ins_char(int c)
+{
+    char_u	buf[MB_MAXBYTES + 1];
+    int		n = (*mb_char2bytes)(c, buf);
+
+    /* When "c" is 0x100, 0x200, etc. we don't want to insert a NUL byte.
+     * Happens for CTRL-Vu9900. */
+    if (buf[0] == 0)
+	buf[0] = '\n';
+
+    ins_char_bytes(buf, n);
+}
+
+    void
+ins_char_bytes(char_u *buf, int charlen)
+{
+    int		c = buf[0];
+    int		newlen;		// nr of bytes inserted
+    int		oldlen;		// nr of bytes deleted (0 when not replacing)
+    char_u	*p;
+    char_u	*newp;
+    char_u	*oldp;
+    int		linelen;	// length of old line including NUL
+    colnr_T	col;
+    linenr_T	lnum = curwin->w_cursor.lnum;
+    int		i;
+
+    /* Break tabs if needed. */
+    if (virtual_active() && curwin->w_cursor.coladd > 0)
+	coladvance_force(getviscol());
+
+    col = curwin->w_cursor.col;
+    oldp = ml_get(lnum);
+    linelen = (int)STRLEN(oldp) + 1;
+
+    /* The lengths default to the values for when not replacing. */
+    oldlen = 0;
+    newlen = charlen;
+
+    if (State & REPLACE_FLAG)
+    {
+	if (State & VREPLACE_FLAG)
+	{
+	    colnr_T	new_vcol = 0;   /* init for GCC */
+	    colnr_T	vcol;
+	    int		old_list;
+
+	    /*
+	     * Disable 'list' temporarily, unless 'cpo' contains the 'L' flag.
+	     * Returns the old value of list, so when finished,
+	     * curwin->w_p_list should be set back to this.
+	     */
+	    old_list = curwin->w_p_list;
+	    if (old_list && vim_strchr(p_cpo, CPO_LISTWM) == NULL)
+		curwin->w_p_list = FALSE;
+
+	    /*
+	     * In virtual replace mode each character may replace one or more
+	     * characters (zero if it's a TAB).  Count the number of bytes to
+	     * be deleted to make room for the new character, counting screen
+	     * cells.  May result in adding spaces to fill a gap.
+	     */
+	    getvcol(curwin, &curwin->w_cursor, NULL, &vcol, NULL);
+	    new_vcol = vcol + chartabsize(buf, vcol);
+	    while (oldp[col + oldlen] != NUL && vcol < new_vcol)
+	    {
+		vcol += chartabsize(oldp + col + oldlen, vcol);
+		/* Don't need to remove a TAB that takes us to the right
+		 * position. */
+		if (vcol > new_vcol && oldp[col + oldlen] == TAB)
+		    break;
+		oldlen += (*mb_ptr2len)(oldp + col + oldlen);
+		/* Deleted a bit too much, insert spaces. */
+		if (vcol > new_vcol)
+		    newlen += vcol - new_vcol;
+	    }
+	    curwin->w_p_list = old_list;
+	}
+	else if (oldp[col] != NUL)
+	{
+	    /* normal replace */
+	    oldlen = (*mb_ptr2len)(oldp + col);
+	}
+
+
+	/* Push the replaced bytes onto the replace stack, so that they can be
+	 * put back when BS is used.  The bytes of a multi-byte character are
+	 * done the other way around, so that the first byte is popped off
+	 * first (it tells the byte length of the character). */
+	replace_push(NUL);
+	for (i = 0; i < oldlen; ++i)
+	{
+	    if (has_mbyte)
+		i += replace_push_mb(oldp + col + i) - 1;
+	    else
+		replace_push(oldp[col + i]);
+	}
+    }
+
+    newp = alloc_check((unsigned)(linelen + newlen - oldlen));
+    if (newp == NULL)
+	return;
+
+    /* Copy bytes before the cursor. */
+    if (col > 0)
+	mch_memmove(newp, oldp, (size_t)col);
+
+    /* Copy bytes after the changed character(s). */
+    p = newp + col;
+    if (linelen > col + oldlen)
+	mch_memmove(p + newlen, oldp + col + oldlen,
+					    (size_t)(linelen - col - oldlen));
+
+    /* Insert or overwrite the new character. */
+    mch_memmove(p, buf, charlen);
+    i = charlen;
+
+    /* Fill with spaces when necessary. */
+    while (i < newlen)
+	p[i++] = ' ';
+
+    // Replace the line in the buffer.
+    ml_replace(lnum, newp, FALSE);
+
+    // mark the buffer as changed and prepare for displaying
+    inserted_bytes(lnum, col, newlen - oldlen);
+
+    /*
+     * If we're in Insert or Replace mode and 'showmatch' is set, then briefly
+     * show the match for right parens and braces.
+     */
+    if (p_sm && (State & INSERT)
+	    && msg_silent == 0
+#ifdef FEAT_INS_EXPAND
+	    && !ins_compl_active()
+#endif
+       )
+    {
+	if (has_mbyte)
+	    showmatch(mb_ptr2char(buf));
+	else
+	    showmatch(c);
+    }
+
+#ifdef FEAT_RIGHTLEFT
+    if (!p_ri || (State & REPLACE_FLAG))
+#endif
+    {
+	/* Normal insert: move cursor right */
+	curwin->w_cursor.col += charlen;
+    }
+    /*
+     * TODO: should try to update w_row here, to avoid recomputing it later.
+     */
+}
+
+/*
+ * Insert a string at the cursor position.
+ * Note: Does NOT handle Replace mode.
+ * Caller must have prepared for undo.
+ */
+    void
+ins_str(char_u *s)
+{
+    char_u	*oldp, *newp;
+    int		newlen = (int)STRLEN(s);
+    int		oldlen;
+    colnr_T	col;
+    linenr_T	lnum = curwin->w_cursor.lnum;
+
+    if (virtual_active() && curwin->w_cursor.coladd > 0)
+	coladvance_force(getviscol());
+
+    col = curwin->w_cursor.col;
+    oldp = ml_get(lnum);
+    oldlen = (int)STRLEN(oldp);
+
+    newp = alloc_check((unsigned)(oldlen + newlen + 1));
+    if (newp == NULL)
+	return;
+    if (col > 0)
+	mch_memmove(newp, oldp, (size_t)col);
+    mch_memmove(newp + col, s, (size_t)newlen);
+    mch_memmove(newp + col + newlen, oldp + col, (size_t)(oldlen - col + 1));
+    ml_replace(lnum, newp, FALSE);
+    inserted_bytes(lnum, col, newlen);
+    curwin->w_cursor.col += newlen;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Delete one character under the cursor.
+ * If "fixpos" is TRUE, don't leave the cursor on the NUL after the line.
+ * Caller must have prepared for undo.
+ *
+ * return FAIL for failure, OK otherwise
+ */
+    int
+del_char(int fixpos)
+{
+    if (has_mbyte)
+    {
+	/* Make sure the cursor is at the start of a character. */
+	mb_adjust_cursor();
+	if (*ml_get_cursor() == NUL)
+	    return FAIL;
+	return del_chars(1L, fixpos);
+    }
+    return del_bytes(1L, fixpos, TRUE);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Like del_bytes(), but delete characters instead of bytes.
+ */
+    int
+del_chars(long count, int fixpos)
+{
+    long	bytes = 0;
+    long	i;
+    char_u	*p;
+    int		l;
+
+    p = ml_get_cursor();
+    for (i = 0; i < count && *p != NUL; ++i)
+    {
+	l = (*mb_ptr2len)(p);
+	bytes += l;
+	p += l;
+    }
+    return del_bytes(bytes, fixpos, TRUE);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Delete "count" bytes under the cursor.
+ * If "fixpos" is TRUE, don't leave the cursor on the NUL after the line.
+ * Caller must have prepared for undo.
+ *
+ * Return FAIL for failure, OK otherwise.
+ */
+    int
+del_bytes(
+    long	count,
+    int		fixpos_arg,
+    int		use_delcombine UNUSED)	    /* 'delcombine' option applies */
+{
+    char_u	*oldp, *newp;
+    colnr_T	oldlen;
+    colnr_T	newlen;
+    linenr_T	lnum = curwin->w_cursor.lnum;
+    colnr_T	col = curwin->w_cursor.col;
+    int		alloc_newp;
+    long	movelen;
+    int		fixpos = fixpos_arg;
+
+    oldp = ml_get(lnum);
+    oldlen = (int)STRLEN(oldp);
+
+    /* Can't do anything when the cursor is on the NUL after the line. */
+    if (col >= oldlen)
+	return FAIL;
+
+    /* If "count" is zero there is nothing to do. */
+    if (count == 0)
+	return OK;
+
+    /* If "count" is negative the caller must be doing something wrong. */
+    if (count < 1)
+    {
+	siemsg("E950: Invalid count for del_bytes(): %ld", count);
+	return FAIL;
+    }
+
+    /* If 'delcombine' is set and deleting (less than) one character, only
+     * delete the last combining character. */
+    if (p_deco && use_delcombine && enc_utf8
+					 && utfc_ptr2len(oldp + col) >= count)
+    {
+	int	cc[MAX_MCO];
+	int	n;
+
+	(void)utfc_ptr2char(oldp + col, cc);
+	if (cc[0] != NUL)
+	{
+	    /* Find the last composing char, there can be several. */
+	    n = col;
+	    do
+	    {
+		col = n;
+		count = utf_ptr2len(oldp + n);
+		n += count;
+	    } while (UTF_COMPOSINGLIKE(oldp + col, oldp + n));
+	    fixpos = 0;
+	}
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * When count is too big, reduce it.
+     */
+    movelen = (long)oldlen - (long)col - count + 1; /* includes trailing NUL */
+    if (movelen <= 1)
+    {
+	/*
+	 * If we just took off the last character of a non-blank line, and
+	 * fixpos is TRUE, we don't want to end up positioned at the NUL,
+	 * unless "restart_edit" is set or 'virtualedit' contains "onemore".
+	 */
+	if (col > 0 && fixpos && restart_edit == 0
+					      && (ve_flags & VE_ONEMORE) == 0)
+	{
+	    --curwin->w_cursor.col;
+	    curwin->w_cursor.coladd = 0;
+	    if (has_mbyte)
+		curwin->w_cursor.col -=
+			    (*mb_head_off)(oldp, oldp + curwin->w_cursor.col);
+	}
+	count = oldlen - col;
+	movelen = 1;
+    }
+    newlen = oldlen - count;
+
+    /*
+     * If the old line has been allocated the deletion can be done in the
+     * existing line. Otherwise a new line has to be allocated
+     * Can't do this when using Netbeans, because we would need to invoke
+     * netbeans_removed(), which deallocates the line.  Let ml_replace() take
+     * care of notifying Netbeans.
+     */
+#ifdef FEAT_NETBEANS_INTG
+    if (netbeans_active())
+	alloc_newp = TRUE;
+    else
+#endif
+	alloc_newp = !ml_line_alloced();    // check if oldp was allocated
+    if (!alloc_newp)
+	newp = oldp;			    // use same allocated memory
+    else
+    {					    // need to allocate a new line
+	newp = alloc((unsigned)(newlen + 1));
+	if (newp == NULL)
+	    return FAIL;
+	mch_memmove(newp, oldp, (size_t)col);
+    }
+    mch_memmove(newp + col, oldp + col + count, (size_t)movelen);
+    if (alloc_newp)
+	ml_replace(lnum, newp, FALSE);
+#ifdef FEAT_TEXT_PROP
+    else
+    {
+	// Also move any following text properties.
+	if (oldlen + 1 < curbuf->b_ml.ml_line_len)
+	    mch_memmove(newp + newlen + 1, oldp + oldlen + 1,
+			       (size_t)curbuf->b_ml.ml_line_len - oldlen - 1);
+	curbuf->b_ml.ml_line_len -= count;
+    }
+#endif
+
+    // mark the buffer as changed and prepare for displaying
+    inserted_bytes(lnum, curwin->w_cursor.col, -count);
+
+    return OK;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Delete from cursor to end of line.
+ * Caller must have prepared for undo.
+ *
+ * return FAIL for failure, OK otherwise
+ */
+    int
+truncate_line(
+    int		fixpos)	    /* if TRUE fix the cursor position when done */
+{
+    char_u	*newp;
+    linenr_T	lnum = curwin->w_cursor.lnum;
+    colnr_T	col = curwin->w_cursor.col;
+
+    if (col == 0)
+	newp = vim_strsave((char_u *)"");
+    else
+	newp = vim_strnsave(ml_get(lnum), col);
+
+    if (newp == NULL)
+	return FAIL;
+
+    ml_replace(lnum, newp, FALSE);
+
+    /* mark the buffer as changed and prepare for displaying */
+    changed_bytes(lnum, curwin->w_cursor.col);
+
+    /*
+     * If "fixpos" is TRUE we don't want to end up positioned at the NUL.
+     */
+    if (fixpos && curwin->w_cursor.col > 0)
+	--curwin->w_cursor.col;
+
+    return OK;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Delete "nlines" lines at the cursor.
+ * Saves the lines for undo first if "undo" is TRUE.
+ */
+    void
+del_lines(
+    long	nlines,		/* number of lines to delete */
+    int		undo)		/* if TRUE, prepare for undo */
+{
+    long	n;
+    linenr_T	first = curwin->w_cursor.lnum;
+
+    if (nlines <= 0)
+	return;
+
+    /* save the deleted lines for undo */
+    if (undo && u_savedel(first, nlines) == FAIL)
+	return;
+
+    for (n = 0; n < nlines; )
+    {
+	if (curbuf->b_ml.ml_flags & ML_EMPTY)	    /* nothing to delete */
+	    break;
+
+	ml_delete(first, TRUE);
+	++n;
+
+	/* If we delete the last line in the file, stop */
+	if (first > curbuf->b_ml.ml_line_count)
+	    break;
+    }
+
+    /* Correct the cursor position before calling deleted_lines_mark(), it may
+     * trigger a callback to display the cursor. */
+    curwin->w_cursor.col = 0;
+    check_cursor_lnum();
+
+    /* adjust marks, mark the buffer as changed and prepare for displaying */
+    deleted_lines_mark(first, n);
+}
+
+    int
+gchar_pos(pos_T *pos)
+{
+    char_u	*ptr;
+
+    /* When searching columns is sometimes put at the end of a line. */
+    if (pos->col == MAXCOL)
+	return NUL;
+    ptr = ml_get_pos(pos);
+    if (has_mbyte)
+	return (*mb_ptr2char)(ptr);
+    return (int)*ptr;
+}
+
+    int
+gchar_cursor(void)
+{
+    if (has_mbyte)
+	return (*mb_ptr2char)(ml_get_cursor());
+    return (int)*ml_get_cursor();
+}
+
+/*
+ * Write a character at the current cursor position.
+ * It is directly written into the block.
+ */
+    void
+pchar_cursor(int c)
+{
+    *(ml_get_buf(curbuf, curwin->w_cursor.lnum, TRUE)
+						  + curwin->w_cursor.col) = c;
+}
+
+/*
+ * When extra == 0: Return TRUE if the cursor is before or on the first
+ *		    non-blank in the line.
+ * When extra == 1: Return TRUE if the cursor is before the first non-blank in
+ *		    the line.
+ */
+    int
+inindent(int extra)
+{
+    char_u	*ptr;
+    colnr_T	col;
+
+    for (col = 0, ptr = ml_get_curline(); VIM_ISWHITE(*ptr); ++col)
+	++ptr;
+    if (col >= curwin->w_cursor.col + extra)
+	return TRUE;
+    else
+	return FALSE;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Skip to next part of an option argument: Skip space and comma.
+ */
+    char_u *
+skip_to_option_part(char_u *p)
+{
+    if (*p == ',')
+	++p;
+    while (*p == ' ')
+	++p;
+    return p;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Call this function when something in the current buffer is changed.
+ *
+ * Most often called through changed_bytes() and changed_lines(), which also
+ * mark the area of the display to be redrawn.
+ *
+ * Careful: may trigger autocommands that reload the buffer.
+ */
+    void
+changed(void)
+{
+#if defined(FEAT_XIM) && defined(FEAT_GUI_GTK)
+    if (p_imst == IM_ON_THE_SPOT)
+    {
+	/* The text of the preediting area is inserted, but this doesn't
+	 * mean a change of the buffer yet.  That is delayed until the
+	 * text is committed. (this means preedit becomes empty) */
+	if (im_is_preediting() && !xim_changed_while_preediting)
+	    return;
+	xim_changed_while_preediting = FALSE;
+    }
+#endif
+
+    if (!curbuf->b_changed)
+    {
+	int	save_msg_scroll = msg_scroll;
+
+	/* Give a warning about changing a read-only file.  This may also
+	 * check-out the file, thus change "curbuf"! */
+	change_warning(0);
+
+	/* Create a swap file if that is wanted.
+	 * Don't do this for "nofile" and "nowrite" buffer types. */
+	if (curbuf->b_may_swap
+#ifdef FEAT_QUICKFIX
+		&& !bt_dontwrite(curbuf)
+#endif
+		)
+	{
+	    int save_need_wait_return = need_wait_return;
+
+	    need_wait_return = FALSE;
+	    ml_open_file(curbuf);
+
+	    /* The ml_open_file() can cause an ATTENTION message.
+	     * Wait two seconds, to make sure the user reads this unexpected
+	     * message.  Since we could be anywhere, call wait_return() now,
+	     * and don't let the emsg() set msg_scroll. */
+	    if (need_wait_return && emsg_silent == 0)
+	    {
+		out_flush();
+		ui_delay(2000L, TRUE);
+		wait_return(TRUE);
+		msg_scroll = save_msg_scroll;
+	    }
+	    else
+		need_wait_return = save_need_wait_return;
+	}
+	changed_int();
+    }
+    ++CHANGEDTICK(curbuf);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Internal part of changed(), no user interaction.
+ */
+    void
+changed_int(void)
+{
+    curbuf->b_changed = TRUE;
+    ml_setflags(curbuf);
+    check_status(curbuf);
+    redraw_tabline = TRUE;
+#ifdef FEAT_TITLE
+    need_maketitle = TRUE;	    /* set window title later */
+#endif
+}
+
+static void changedOneline(buf_T *buf, linenr_T lnum);
+static void changed_lines_buf(buf_T *buf, linenr_T lnum, linenr_T lnume, long xtra);
+static void changed_common(linenr_T lnum, colnr_T col, linenr_T lnume, long xtra);
+
+/*
+ * Changed bytes within a single line for the current buffer.
+ * - marks the windows on this buffer to be redisplayed
+ * - marks the buffer changed by calling changed()
+ * - invalidates cached values
+ * Careful: may trigger autocommands that reload the buffer.
+ */
+    void
+changed_bytes(linenr_T lnum, colnr_T col)
+{
+    changedOneline(curbuf, lnum);
+    changed_common(lnum, col, lnum + 1, 0L);
+
+#ifdef FEAT_DIFF
+    /* Diff highlighting in other diff windows may need to be updated too. */
+    if (curwin->w_p_diff)
+    {
+	win_T	    *wp;
+	linenr_T    wlnum;
+
+	FOR_ALL_WINDOWS(wp)
+	    if (wp->w_p_diff && wp != curwin)
+	    {
+		redraw_win_later(wp, VALID);
+		wlnum = diff_lnum_win(lnum, wp);
+		if (wlnum > 0)
+		    changedOneline(wp->w_buffer, wlnum);
+	    }
+    }
+#endif
+}
+
+/*
+ * Like changed_bytes() but also adjust text properties for "added" bytes.
+ * When "added" is negative text was deleted.
+ */
+    void
+inserted_bytes(linenr_T lnum, colnr_T col, int added UNUSED)
+{
+    changed_bytes(lnum, col);
+
+#ifdef FEAT_TEXT_PROP
+    if (curbuf->b_has_textprop && added != 0)
+	adjust_prop_columns(lnum, col, added);
+#endif
+}
+
+    static void
+changedOneline(buf_T *buf, linenr_T lnum)
+{
+    if (buf->b_mod_set)
+    {
+	/* find the maximum area that must be redisplayed */
+	if (lnum < buf->b_mod_top)
+	    buf->b_mod_top = lnum;
+	else if (lnum >= buf->b_mod_bot)
+	    buf->b_mod_bot = lnum + 1;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+	/* set the area that must be redisplayed to one line */
+	buf->b_mod_set = TRUE;
+	buf->b_mod_top = lnum;
+	buf->b_mod_bot = lnum + 1;
+	buf->b_mod_xlines = 0;
+    }
+}
+
+/*
+ * Appended "count" lines below line "lnum" in the current buffer.
+ * Must be called AFTER the change and after mark_adjust().
+ * Takes care of marking the buffer to be redrawn and sets the changed flag.
+ */
+    void
+appended_lines(linenr_T lnum, long count)
+{
+    changed_lines(lnum + 1, 0, lnum + 1, count);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Like appended_lines(), but adjust marks first.
+ */
+    void
+appended_lines_mark(linenr_T lnum, long count)
+{
+    /* Skip mark_adjust when adding a line after the last one, there can't
+     * be marks there. But it's still needed in diff mode. */
+    if (lnum + count < curbuf->b_ml.ml_line_count
+#ifdef FEAT_DIFF
+	    || curwin->w_p_diff
+#endif
+	)
+	mark_adjust(lnum + 1, (linenr_T)MAXLNUM, count, 0L);
+    changed_lines(lnum + 1, 0, lnum + 1, count);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Deleted "count" lines at line "lnum" in the current buffer.
+ * Must be called AFTER the change and after mark_adjust().
+ * Takes care of marking the buffer to be redrawn and sets the changed flag.
+ */
+    void
+deleted_lines(linenr_T lnum, long count)
+{
+    changed_lines(lnum, 0, lnum + count, -count);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Like deleted_lines(), but adjust marks first.
+ * Make sure the cursor is on a valid line before calling, a GUI callback may
+ * be triggered to display the cursor.
+ */
+    void
+deleted_lines_mark(linenr_T lnum, long count)
+{
+    mark_adjust(lnum, (linenr_T)(lnum + count - 1), (long)MAXLNUM, -count);
+    changed_lines(lnum, 0, lnum + count, -count);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Changed lines for the current buffer.
+ * Must be called AFTER the change and after mark_adjust().
+ * - mark the buffer changed by calling changed()
+ * - mark the windows on this buffer to be redisplayed
+ * - invalidate cached values
+ * "lnum" is the first line that needs displaying, "lnume" the first line
+ * below the changed lines (BEFORE the change).
+ * When only inserting lines, "lnum" and "lnume" are equal.
+ * Takes care of calling changed() and updating b_mod_*.
+ * Careful: may trigger autocommands that reload the buffer.
+ */
+    void
+changed_lines(
+    linenr_T	lnum,	    /* first line with change */
+    colnr_T	col,	    /* column in first line with change */
+    linenr_T	lnume,	    /* line below last changed line */
+    long	xtra)	    /* number of extra lines (negative when deleting) */
+{
+    changed_lines_buf(curbuf, lnum, lnume, xtra);
+
+#ifdef FEAT_DIFF
+    if (xtra == 0 && curwin->w_p_diff && !diff_internal())
+    {
+	/* When the number of lines doesn't change then mark_adjust() isn't
+	 * called and other diff buffers still need to be marked for
+	 * displaying. */
+	win_T	    *wp;
+	linenr_T    wlnum;
+
+	FOR_ALL_WINDOWS(wp)
+	    if (wp->w_p_diff && wp != curwin)
+	    {
+		redraw_win_later(wp, VALID);
+		wlnum = diff_lnum_win(lnum, wp);
+		if (wlnum > 0)
+		    changed_lines_buf(wp->w_buffer, wlnum,
+						    lnume - lnum + wlnum, 0L);
+	    }
+    }
+#endif
+
+    changed_common(lnum, col, lnume, xtra);
+}
+
+    static void
+changed_lines_buf(
+    buf_T	*buf,
+    linenr_T	lnum,	    /* first line with change */
+    linenr_T	lnume,	    /* line below last changed line */
+    long	xtra)	    /* number of extra lines (negative when deleting) */
+{
+    if (buf->b_mod_set)
+    {
+	/* find the maximum area that must be redisplayed */
+	if (lnum < buf->b_mod_top)
+	    buf->b_mod_top = lnum;
+	if (lnum < buf->b_mod_bot)
+	{
+	    /* adjust old bot position for xtra lines */
+	    buf->b_mod_bot += xtra;
+	    if (buf->b_mod_bot < lnum)
+		buf->b_mod_bot = lnum;
+	}
+	if (lnume + xtra > buf->b_mod_bot)
+	    buf->b_mod_bot = lnume + xtra;
+	buf->b_mod_xlines += xtra;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+	/* set the area that must be redisplayed */
+	buf->b_mod_set = TRUE;
+	buf->b_mod_top = lnum;
+	buf->b_mod_bot = lnume + xtra;
+	buf->b_mod_xlines = xtra;
+    }
+}
+
+/*
+ * Common code for when a change is was made.
+ * See changed_lines() for the arguments.
+ * Careful: may trigger autocommands that reload the buffer.
+ */
+    static void
+changed_common(
+    linenr_T	lnum,
+    colnr_T	col,
+    linenr_T	lnume,
+    long	xtra)
+{
+    win_T	*wp;
+    tabpage_T	*tp;
+    int		i;
+#ifdef FEAT_JUMPLIST
+    int		cols;
+    pos_T	*p;
+    int		add;
+#endif
+
+    /* mark the buffer as modified */
+    changed();
+
+#ifdef FEAT_DIFF
+    if (curwin->w_p_diff && diff_internal())
+	curtab->tp_diff_update = TRUE;
+#endif
+
+    /* set the '. mark */
+    if (!cmdmod.keepjumps)
+    {
+	curbuf->b_last_change.lnum = lnum;
+	curbuf->b_last_change.col = col;
+
+#ifdef FEAT_JUMPLIST
+	/* Create a new entry if a new undo-able change was started or we
+	 * don't have an entry yet. */
+	if (curbuf->b_new_change || curbuf->b_changelistlen == 0)
+	{
+	    if (curbuf->b_changelistlen == 0)
+		add = TRUE;
+	    else
+	    {
+		/* Don't create a new entry when the line number is the same
+		 * as the last one and the column is not too far away.  Avoids
+		 * creating many entries for typing "xxxxx". */
+		p = &curbuf->b_changelist[curbuf->b_changelistlen - 1];
+		if (p->lnum != lnum)
+		    add = TRUE;
+		else
+		{
+		    cols = comp_textwidth(FALSE);
+		    if (cols == 0)
+			cols = 79;
+		    add = (p->col + cols < col || col + cols < p->col);
+		}
+	    }
+	    if (add)
+	    {
+		/* This is the first of a new sequence of undo-able changes
+		 * and it's at some distance of the last change.  Use a new
+		 * position in the changelist. */
+		curbuf->b_new_change = FALSE;
+
+		if (curbuf->b_changelistlen == JUMPLISTSIZE)
+		{
+		    /* changelist is full: remove oldest entry */
+		    curbuf->b_changelistlen = JUMPLISTSIZE - 1;
+		    mch_memmove(curbuf->b_changelist, curbuf->b_changelist + 1,
+					  sizeof(pos_T) * (JUMPLISTSIZE - 1));
+		    FOR_ALL_TAB_WINDOWS(tp, wp)
+		    {
+			/* Correct position in changelist for other windows on
+			 * this buffer. */
+			if (wp->w_buffer == curbuf && wp->w_changelistidx > 0)
+			    --wp->w_changelistidx;
+		    }
+		}
+		FOR_ALL_TAB_WINDOWS(tp, wp)
+		{
+		    /* For other windows, if the position in the changelist is
+		     * at the end it stays at the end. */
+		    if (wp->w_buffer == curbuf
+			    && wp->w_changelistidx == curbuf->b_changelistlen)
+			++wp->w_changelistidx;
+		}
+		++curbuf->b_changelistlen;
+	    }
+	}
+	curbuf->b_changelist[curbuf->b_changelistlen - 1] =
+							curbuf->b_last_change;
+	/* The current window is always after the last change, so that "g,"
+	 * takes you back to it. */
+	curwin->w_changelistidx = curbuf->b_changelistlen;
+#endif
+    }
+
+    FOR_ALL_TAB_WINDOWS(tp, wp)
+    {
+	if (wp->w_buffer == curbuf)
+	{
+	    /* Mark this window to be redrawn later. */
+	    if (wp->w_redr_type < VALID)
+		wp->w_redr_type = VALID;
+
+	    /* Check if a change in the buffer has invalidated the cached
+	     * values for the cursor. */
+#ifdef FEAT_FOLDING
+	    /*
+	     * Update the folds for this window.  Can't postpone this, because
+	     * a following operator might work on the whole fold: ">>dd".
+	     */
+	    foldUpdate(wp, lnum, lnume + xtra - 1);
+
+	    /* The change may cause lines above or below the change to become
+	     * included in a fold.  Set lnum/lnume to the first/last line that
+	     * might be displayed differently.
+	     * Set w_cline_folded here as an efficient way to update it when
+	     * inserting lines just above a closed fold. */
+	    i = hasFoldingWin(wp, lnum, &lnum, NULL, FALSE, NULL);
+	    if (wp->w_cursor.lnum == lnum)
+		wp->w_cline_folded = i;
+	    i = hasFoldingWin(wp, lnume, NULL, &lnume, FALSE, NULL);
+	    if (wp->w_cursor.lnum == lnume)
+		wp->w_cline_folded = i;
+
+	    /* If the changed line is in a range of previously folded lines,
+	     * compare with the first line in that range. */
+	    if (wp->w_cursor.lnum <= lnum)
+	    {
+		i = find_wl_entry(wp, lnum);
+		if (i >= 0 && wp->w_cursor.lnum > wp->w_lines[i].wl_lnum)
+		    changed_line_abv_curs_win(wp);
+	    }
+#endif
+
+	    if (wp->w_cursor.lnum > lnum)
+		changed_line_abv_curs_win(wp);
+	    else if (wp->w_cursor.lnum == lnum && wp->w_cursor.col >= col)
+		changed_cline_bef_curs_win(wp);
+	    if (wp->w_botline >= lnum)
+	    {
+		/* Assume that botline doesn't change (inserted lines make
+		 * other lines scroll down below botline). */
+		approximate_botline_win(wp);
+	    }
+
+	    /* Check if any w_lines[] entries have become invalid.
+	     * For entries below the change: Correct the lnums for
+	     * inserted/deleted lines.  Makes it possible to stop displaying
+	     * after the change. */
+	    for (i = 0; i < wp->w_lines_valid; ++i)
+		if (wp->w_lines[i].wl_valid)
+		{
+		    if (wp->w_lines[i].wl_lnum >= lnum)
+		    {
+			if (wp->w_lines[i].wl_lnum < lnume)
+			{
+			    /* line included in change */
+			    wp->w_lines[i].wl_valid = FALSE;
+			}
+			else if (xtra != 0)
+			{
+			    /* line below change */
+			    wp->w_lines[i].wl_lnum += xtra;
+#ifdef FEAT_FOLDING
+			    wp->w_lines[i].wl_lastlnum += xtra;
+#endif
+			}
+		    }
+#ifdef FEAT_FOLDING
+		    else if (wp->w_lines[i].wl_lastlnum >= lnum)
+		    {
+			/* change somewhere inside this range of folded lines,
+			 * may need to be redrawn */
+			wp->w_lines[i].wl_valid = FALSE;
+		    }
+#endif
+		}
+
+#ifdef FEAT_FOLDING
+	    /* Take care of side effects for setting w_topline when folds have
+	     * changed.  Esp. when the buffer was changed in another window. */
+	    if (hasAnyFolding(wp))
+		set_topline(wp, wp->w_topline);
+#endif
+	    /* relative numbering may require updating more */
+	    if (wp->w_p_rnu)
+		redraw_win_later(wp, SOME_VALID);
+	}
+    }
+
+    /* Call update_screen() later, which checks out what needs to be redrawn,
+     * since it notices b_mod_set and then uses b_mod_*. */
+    if (must_redraw < VALID)
+	must_redraw = VALID;
+
+    /* when the cursor line is changed always trigger CursorMoved */
+    if (lnum <= curwin->w_cursor.lnum
+		 && lnume + (xtra < 0 ? -xtra : xtra) > curwin->w_cursor.lnum)
+	last_cursormoved.lnum = 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * unchanged() is called when the changed flag must be reset for buffer 'buf'
+ */
+    void
+unchanged(
+    buf_T	*buf,
+    int		ff)	/* also reset 'fileformat' */
+{
+    if (buf->b_changed || (ff && file_ff_differs(buf, FALSE)))
+    {
+	buf->b_changed = 0;
+	ml_setflags(buf);
+	if (ff)
+	    save_file_ff(buf);
+	check_status(buf);
+	redraw_tabline = TRUE;
+#ifdef FEAT_TITLE
+	need_maketitle = TRUE;	    /* set window title later */
+#endif
+    }
+    ++CHANGEDTICK(buf);
+#ifdef FEAT_NETBEANS_INTG
+    netbeans_unmodified(buf);
+#endif
+}
+
+/*
+ * check_status: called when the status bars for the buffer 'buf'
+ *		 need to be updated
+ */
+    void
+check_status(buf_T *buf)
+{
+    win_T	*wp;
+
+    FOR_ALL_WINDOWS(wp)
+	if (wp->w_buffer == buf && wp->w_status_height)
+	{
+	    wp->w_redr_status = TRUE;
+	    if (must_redraw < VALID)
+		must_redraw = VALID;
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * If the file is readonly, give a warning message with the first change.
+ * Don't do this for autocommands.
+ * Don't use emsg(), because it flushes the macro buffer.
+ * If we have undone all changes b_changed will be FALSE, but "b_did_warn"
+ * will be TRUE.
+ * Careful: may trigger autocommands that reload the buffer.
+ */
+    void
+change_warning(
+    int	    col)		/* column for message; non-zero when in insert
+				   mode and 'showmode' is on */
+{
+    static char *w_readonly = N_("W10: Warning: Changing a readonly file");
+
+    if (curbuf->b_did_warn == FALSE
+	    && curbufIsChanged() == 0
+	    && !autocmd_busy
+	    && curbuf->b_p_ro)
+    {
+	++curbuf_lock;
+	apply_autocmds(EVENT_FILECHANGEDRO, NULL, NULL, FALSE, curbuf);
+	--curbuf_lock;
+	if (!curbuf->b_p_ro)
+	    return;
+	/*
+	 * Do what msg() does, but with a column offset if the warning should
+	 * be after the mode message.
+	 */
+	msg_start();
+	if (msg_row == Rows - 1)
+	    msg_col = col;
+	msg_source(HL_ATTR(HLF_W));
+	msg_puts_attr(_(w_readonly), HL_ATTR(HLF_W) | MSG_HIST);
+#ifdef FEAT_EVAL
+	set_vim_var_string(VV_WARNINGMSG, (char_u *)_(w_readonly), -1);
+#endif
+	msg_clr_eos();
+	(void)msg_end();
+	if (msg_silent == 0 && !silent_mode
+#ifdef FEAT_EVAL
+		&& time_for_testing != 1
+#endif
+		)
+	{
+	    out_flush();
+	    ui_delay(1000L, TRUE); /* give the user time to think about it */
+	}
+	curbuf->b_did_warn = TRUE;
+	redraw_cmdline = FALSE;	/* don't redraw and erase the message */
+	if (msg_row < Rows - 1)
+	    showmode();
+    }
+}
+
+/*
+ * Ask for a reply from the user, a 'y' or a 'n'.
+ * No other characters are accepted, the message is repeated until a valid
+ * reply is entered or CTRL-C is hit.
+ * If direct is TRUE, don't use vgetc() but ui_inchar(), don't get characters
+ * from any buffers but directly from the user.
+ *
+ * return the 'y' or 'n'
+ */
+    int
+ask_yesno(char_u *str, int direct)
+{
+    int	    r = ' ';
+    int	    save_State = State;
+
+    if (exiting)		/* put terminal in raw mode for this question */
+	settmode(TMODE_RAW);
+    ++no_wait_return;
+#ifdef USE_ON_FLY_SCROLL
+    dont_scroll = TRUE;		/* disallow scrolling here */
+#endif
+    State = CONFIRM;		/* mouse behaves like with :confirm */
+#ifdef FEAT_MOUSE
+    setmouse();			/* disables mouse for xterm */
+#endif
+    ++no_mapping;
+    ++allow_keys;		/* no mapping here, but recognize keys */
+
+    while (r != 'y' && r != 'n')
+    {
+	/* same highlighting as for wait_return */
+	smsg_attr(HL_ATTR(HLF_R), "%s (y/n)?", str);
+	if (direct)
+	    r = get_keystroke();
+	else
+	    r = plain_vgetc();
+	if (r == Ctrl_C || r == ESC)
+	    r = 'n';
+	msg_putchar(r);	    /* show what you typed */
+	out_flush();
+    }
+    --no_wait_return;
+    State = save_State;
+#ifdef FEAT_MOUSE
+    setmouse();
+#endif
+    --no_mapping;
+    --allow_keys;
+
+    return r;
+}
+
+#if defined(FEAT_MOUSE) || defined(PROTO)
+/*
+ * Return TRUE if "c" is a mouse key.
+ */
+    int
+is_mouse_key(int c)
+{
+    return c == K_LEFTMOUSE
+	|| c == K_LEFTMOUSE_NM
+	|| c == K_LEFTDRAG
+	|| c == K_LEFTRELEASE
+	|| c == K_LEFTRELEASE_NM
+	|| c == K_MOUSEMOVE
+	|| c == K_MIDDLEMOUSE
+	|| c == K_MIDDLEDRAG
+	|| c == K_MIDDLERELEASE
+	|| c == K_RIGHTMOUSE
+	|| c == K_RIGHTDRAG
+	|| c == K_RIGHTRELEASE
+	|| c == K_MOUSEDOWN
+	|| c == K_MOUSEUP
+	|| c == K_MOUSELEFT
+	|| c == K_MOUSERIGHT
+	|| c == K_X1MOUSE
+	|| c == K_X1DRAG
+	|| c == K_X1RELEASE
+	|| c == K_X2MOUSE
+	|| c == K_X2DRAG
+	|| c == K_X2RELEASE;
+}
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * Get a key stroke directly from the user.
+ * Ignores mouse clicks and scrollbar events, except a click for the left
+ * button (used at the more prompt).
+ * Doesn't use vgetc(), because it syncs undo and eats mapped characters.
+ * Disadvantage: typeahead is ignored.
+ * Translates the interrupt character for unix to ESC.
+ */
+    int
+get_keystroke(void)
+{
+    char_u	*buf = NULL;
+    int		buflen = 150;
+    int		maxlen;
+    int		len = 0;
+    int		n;
+    int		save_mapped_ctrl_c = mapped_ctrl_c;
+    int		waited = 0;
+
+    mapped_ctrl_c = FALSE;	/* mappings are not used here */
+    for (;;)
+    {
+	cursor_on();
+	out_flush();
+
+	/* Leave some room for check_termcode() to insert a key code into (max
+	 * 5 chars plus NUL).  And fix_input_buffer() can triple the number of
+	 * bytes. */
+	maxlen = (buflen - 6 - len) / 3;
+	if (buf == NULL)
+	    buf = alloc(buflen);
+	else if (maxlen < 10)
+	{
+	    char_u  *t_buf = buf;
+
+	    /* Need some more space. This might happen when receiving a long
+	     * escape sequence. */
+	    buflen += 100;
+	    buf = vim_realloc(buf, buflen);
+	    if (buf == NULL)
+		vim_free(t_buf);
+	    maxlen = (buflen - 6 - len) / 3;
+	}
+	if (buf == NULL)
+	{
+	    do_outofmem_msg((long_u)buflen);
+	    return ESC;  /* panic! */
+	}
+
+	/* First time: blocking wait.  Second time: wait up to 100ms for a
+	 * terminal code to complete. */
+	n = ui_inchar(buf + len, maxlen, len == 0 ? -1L : 100L, 0);
+	if (n > 0)
+	{
+	    /* Replace zero and CSI by a special key code. */
+	    n = fix_input_buffer(buf + len, n);
+	    len += n;
+	    waited = 0;
+	}
+	else if (len > 0)
+	    ++waited;	    /* keep track of the waiting time */
+
+	/* Incomplete termcode and not timed out yet: get more characters */
+	if ((n = check_termcode(1, buf, buflen, &len)) < 0
+	       && (!p_ttimeout || waited * 100L < (p_ttm < 0 ? p_tm : p_ttm)))
+	    continue;
+
+	if (n == KEYLEN_REMOVED)  /* key code removed */
+	{
+	    if (must_redraw != 0 && !need_wait_return && (State & CMDLINE) == 0)
+	    {
+		/* Redrawing was postponed, do it now. */
+		update_screen(0);
+		setcursor(); /* put cursor back where it belongs */
+	    }
+	    continue;
+	}
+	if (n > 0)		/* found a termcode: adjust length */
+	    len = n;
+	if (len == 0)		/* nothing typed yet */
+	    continue;
+
+	/* Handle modifier and/or special key code. */
+	n = buf[0];
+	if (n == K_SPECIAL)
+	{
+	    n = TO_SPECIAL(buf[1], buf[2]);
+	    if (buf[1] == KS_MODIFIER
+		    || n == K_IGNORE
+#ifdef FEAT_MOUSE
+		    || (is_mouse_key(n) && n != K_LEFTMOUSE)
+#endif
+#ifdef FEAT_GUI
+		    || n == K_VER_SCROLLBAR
+		    || n == K_HOR_SCROLLBAR
+#endif
+	       )
+	    {
+		if (buf[1] == KS_MODIFIER)
+		    mod_mask = buf[2];
+		len -= 3;
+		if (len > 0)
+		    mch_memmove(buf, buf + 3, (size_t)len);
+		continue;
+	    }
+	    break;
+	}
+	if (has_mbyte)
+	{
+	    if (MB_BYTE2LEN(n) > len)
+		continue;	/* more bytes to get */
+	    buf[len >= buflen ? buflen - 1 : len] = NUL;
+	    n = (*mb_ptr2char)(buf);
+	}
+#ifdef UNIX
+	if (n == intr_char)
+	    n = ESC;
+#endif
+	break;
+    }
+    vim_free(buf);
+
+    mapped_ctrl_c = save_mapped_ctrl_c;
+    return n;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Get a number from the user.
+ * When "mouse_used" is not NULL allow using the mouse.
+ */
+    int
+get_number(
+    int	    colon,			/* allow colon to abort */
+    int	    *mouse_used)
+{
+    int	n = 0;
+    int	c;
+    int typed = 0;
+
+    if (mouse_used != NULL)
+	*mouse_used = FALSE;
+
+    /* When not printing messages, the user won't know what to type, return a
+     * zero (as if CR was hit). */
+    if (msg_silent != 0)
+	return 0;
+
+#ifdef USE_ON_FLY_SCROLL
+    dont_scroll = TRUE;		/* disallow scrolling here */
+#endif
+    ++no_mapping;
+    ++allow_keys;		/* no mapping here, but recognize keys */
+    for (;;)
+    {
+	windgoto(msg_row, msg_col);
+	c = safe_vgetc();
+	if (VIM_ISDIGIT(c))
+	{
+	    n = n * 10 + c - '0';
+	    msg_putchar(c);
+	    ++typed;
+	}
+	else if (c == K_DEL || c == K_KDEL || c == K_BS || c == Ctrl_H)
+	{
+	    if (typed > 0)
+	    {
+		msg_puts("\b \b");
+		--typed;
+	    }
+	    n /= 10;
+	}
+#ifdef FEAT_MOUSE
+	else if (mouse_used != NULL && c == K_LEFTMOUSE)
+	{
+	    *mouse_used = TRUE;
+	    n = mouse_row + 1;
+	    break;
+	}
+#endif
+	else if (n == 0 && c == ':' && colon)
+	{
+	    stuffcharReadbuff(':');
+	    if (!exmode_active)
+		cmdline_row = msg_row;
+	    skip_redraw = TRUE;	    /* skip redraw once */
+	    do_redraw = FALSE;
+	    break;
+	}
+	else if (c == CAR || c == NL || c == Ctrl_C || c == ESC)
+	    break;
+    }
+    --no_mapping;
+    --allow_keys;
+    return n;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Ask the user to enter a number.
+ * When "mouse_used" is not NULL allow using the mouse and in that case return
+ * the line number.
+ */
+    int
+prompt_for_number(int *mouse_used)
+{
+    int		i;
+    int		save_cmdline_row;
+    int		save_State;
+
+    /* When using ":silent" assume that <CR> was entered. */
+    if (mouse_used != NULL)
+	msg_puts(_("Type number and <Enter> or click with mouse (empty cancels): "));
+    else
+	msg_puts(_("Type number and <Enter> (empty cancels): "));
+
+    // Set the state such that text can be selected/copied/pasted and we still
+    // get mouse events. redraw_after_callback() will not redraw if cmdline_row
+    // is zero.
+    save_cmdline_row = cmdline_row;
+    cmdline_row = 0;
+    save_State = State;
+    State = CMDLINE;
+#ifdef FEAT_MOUSE
+    // May show different mouse shape.
+    setmouse();
+#endif
+
+    i = get_number(TRUE, mouse_used);
+    if (KeyTyped)
+    {
+	/* don't call wait_return() now */
+	/* msg_putchar('\n'); */
+	cmdline_row = msg_row - 1;
+	need_wait_return = FALSE;
+	msg_didany = FALSE;
+	msg_didout = FALSE;
+    }
+    else
+	cmdline_row = save_cmdline_row;
+    State = save_State;
+#ifdef FEAT_MOUSE
+    // May need to restore mouse shape.
+    setmouse();
+#endif
+
+    return i;
+}
+
+    void
+msgmore(long n)
+{
+    long pn;
+
+    if (global_busy	    /* no messages now, wait until global is finished */
+	    || !messaging())  /* 'lazyredraw' set, don't do messages now */
+	return;
+
+    /* We don't want to overwrite another important message, but do overwrite
+     * a previous "more lines" or "fewer lines" message, so that "5dd" and
+     * then "put" reports the last action. */
+    if (keep_msg != NULL && !keep_msg_more)
+	return;
+
+    if (n > 0)
+	pn = n;
+    else
+	pn = -n;
+
+    if (pn > p_report)
+    {
+	if (n > 0)
+	    vim_snprintf(msg_buf, MSG_BUF_LEN,
+		    NGETTEXT("%ld more line", "%ld more lines", pn), pn);
+	else
+	    vim_snprintf(msg_buf, MSG_BUF_LEN,
+		    NGETTEXT("%ld line less", "%ld fewer lines", pn), pn);
+	if (got_int)
+	    vim_strcat((char_u *)msg_buf, (char_u *)_(" (Interrupted)"),
+								  MSG_BUF_LEN);
+	if (msg(msg_buf))
+	{
+	    set_keep_msg((char_u *)msg_buf, 0);
+	    keep_msg_more = TRUE;
+	}
+    }
+}
+
+/*
+ * flush map and typeahead buffers and give a warning for an error
+ */
+    void
+beep_flush(void)
+{
+    if (emsg_silent == 0)
+    {
+	flush_buffers(FLUSH_MINIMAL);
+	vim_beep(BO_ERROR);
+    }
+}
+
+/*
+ * Give a warning for an error.
+ */
+    void
+vim_beep(
+    unsigned val) /* one of the BO_ values, e.g., BO_OPER */
+{
+#ifdef FEAT_EVAL
+    called_vim_beep = TRUE;
+#endif
+
+    if (emsg_silent == 0)
+    {
+	if (!((bo_flags & val) || (bo_flags & BO_ALL)))
+	{
+#ifdef ELAPSED_FUNC
+	    static int		did_init = FALSE;
+	    static elapsed_T	start_tv;
+
+	    /* Only beep once per half a second, otherwise a sequence of beeps
+	     * would freeze Vim. */
+	    if (!did_init || ELAPSED_FUNC(start_tv) > 500)
+	    {
+		did_init = TRUE;
+		ELAPSED_INIT(start_tv);
+#endif
+		if (p_vb
+#ifdef FEAT_GUI
+			/* While the GUI is starting up the termcap is set for
+			 * the GUI but the output still goes to a terminal. */
+			&& !(gui.in_use && gui.starting)
+#endif
+			)
+		{
+		    out_str_cf(T_VB);
+#ifdef FEAT_VTP
+		    /* No restore color information, refresh the screen. */
+		    if (has_vtp_working() != 0
+# ifdef FEAT_TERMGUICOLORS
+			    && (p_tgc || (!p_tgc && t_colors >= 256))
+# endif
+			)
+		    {
+			redraw_later(CLEAR);
+			update_screen(0);
+			redrawcmd();
+		    }
+#endif
+		}
+		else
+		    out_char(BELL);
+#ifdef ELAPSED_FUNC
+	    }
+#endif
+	}
+
+	/* When 'debug' contains "beep" produce a message.  If we are sourcing
+	 * a script or executing a function give the user a hint where the beep
+	 * comes from. */
+	if (vim_strchr(p_debug, 'e') != NULL)
+	{
+	    msg_source(HL_ATTR(HLF_W));
+	    msg_attr(_("Beep!"), HL_ATTR(HLF_W));
+	}
+    }
+}
+
+/*
+ * To get the "real" home directory:
+ * - get value of $HOME
+ * For Unix:
+ *  - go to that directory
+ *  - do mch_dirname() to get the real name of that directory.
+ *  This also works with mounts and links.
+ *  Don't do this for MS-DOS, it will change the "current dir" for a drive.
+ * For Windows:
+ *  This code is duplicated in init_homedir() in dosinst.c.  Keep in sync!
+ */
+static char_u	*homedir = NULL;
+
+    void
+init_homedir(void)
+{
+    char_u  *var;
+
+    /* In case we are called a second time (when 'encoding' changes). */
+    VIM_CLEAR(homedir);
+
+#ifdef VMS
+    var = mch_getenv((char_u *)"SYS$LOGIN");
+#else
+    var = mch_getenv((char_u *)"HOME");
+#endif
+
+#ifdef WIN3264
+    /*
+     * Typically, $HOME is not defined on Windows, unless the user has
+     * specifically defined it for Vim's sake.  However, on Windows NT
+     * platforms, $HOMEDRIVE and $HOMEPATH are automatically defined for
+     * each user.  Try constructing $HOME from these.
+     */
+    if (var == NULL || *var == NUL)
+    {
+	char_u *homedrive, *homepath;
+
+	homedrive = mch_getenv((char_u *)"HOMEDRIVE");
+	homepath = mch_getenv((char_u *)"HOMEPATH");
+	if (homepath == NULL || *homepath == NUL)
+	    homepath = (char_u *)"\\";
+	if (homedrive != NULL
+			   && STRLEN(homedrive) + STRLEN(homepath) < MAXPATHL)
+	{
+	    sprintf((char *)NameBuff, "%s%s", homedrive, homepath);
+	    if (NameBuff[0] != NUL)
+		var = NameBuff;
+	}
+    }
+
+    if (var == NULL)
+	var = mch_getenv((char_u *)"USERPROFILE");
+
+    /*
+     * Weird but true: $HOME may contain an indirect reference to another
+     * variable, esp. "%USERPROFILE%".  Happens when $USERPROFILE isn't set
+     * when $HOME is being set.
+     */
+    if (var != NULL && *var == '%')
+    {
+	char_u	*p;
+	char_u	*exp;
+
+	p = vim_strchr(var + 1, '%');
+	if (p != NULL)
+	{
+	    vim_strncpy(NameBuff, var + 1, p - (var + 1));
+	    exp = mch_getenv(NameBuff);
+	    if (exp != NULL && *exp != NUL
+					&& STRLEN(exp) + STRLEN(p) < MAXPATHL)
+	    {
+		vim_snprintf((char *)NameBuff, MAXPATHL, "%s%s", exp, p + 1);
+		var = NameBuff;
+	    }
+	}
+    }
+
+    if (var != NULL && *var == NUL)	/* empty is same as not set */
+	var = NULL;
+
+    if (enc_utf8 && var != NULL)
+    {
+	int	len;
+	char_u  *pp = NULL;
+
+	/* Convert from active codepage to UTF-8.  Other conversions are
+	 * not done, because they would fail for non-ASCII characters. */
+	acp_to_enc(var, (int)STRLEN(var), &pp, &len);
+	if (pp != NULL)
+	{
+	    homedir = pp;
+	    return;
+	}
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * Default home dir is C:/
+     * Best assumption we can make in such a situation.
+     */
+    if (var == NULL)
+	var = (char_u *)"C:/";
+#endif
+
+    if (var != NULL)
+    {
+#ifdef UNIX
+	/*
+	 * Change to the directory and get the actual path.  This resolves
+	 * links.  Don't do it when we can't return.
+	 */
+	if (mch_dirname(NameBuff, MAXPATHL) == OK
+					  && mch_chdir((char *)NameBuff) == 0)
+	{
+	    if (!mch_chdir((char *)var) && mch_dirname(IObuff, IOSIZE) == OK)
+		var = IObuff;
+	    if (mch_chdir((char *)NameBuff) != 0)
+		emsg(_(e_prev_dir));
+	}
+#endif
+	homedir = vim_strsave(var);
+    }
+}
+
+#if defined(EXITFREE) || defined(PROTO)
+    void
+free_homedir(void)
+{
+    vim_free(homedir);
+}
+
+# ifdef FEAT_CMDL_COMPL
+    void
+free_users(void)
+{
+    ga_clear_strings(&ga_users);
+}
+# endif
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * Call expand_env() and store the result in an allocated string.
+ * This is not very memory efficient, this expects the result to be freed
+ * again soon.
+ */
+    char_u *
+expand_env_save(char_u *src)
+{
+    return expand_env_save_opt(src, FALSE);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Idem, but when "one" is TRUE handle the string as one file name, only
+ * expand "~" at the start.
+ */
+    char_u *
+expand_env_save_opt(char_u *src, int one)
+{
+    char_u	*p;
+
+    p = alloc(MAXPATHL);
+    if (p != NULL)
+	expand_env_esc(src, p, MAXPATHL, FALSE, one, NULL);
+    return p;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Expand environment variable with path name.
+ * "~/" is also expanded, using $HOME.	For Unix "~user/" is expanded.
+ * Skips over "\ ", "\~" and "\$" (not for Win32 though).
+ * If anything fails no expansion is done and dst equals src.
+ */
+    void
+expand_env(
+    char_u	*src,		/* input string e.g. "$HOME/vim.hlp" */
+    char_u	*dst,		/* where to put the result */
+    int		dstlen)		/* maximum length of the result */
+{
+    expand_env_esc(src, dst, dstlen, FALSE, FALSE, NULL);
+}
+
+    void
+expand_env_esc(
+    char_u	*srcp,		/* input string e.g. "$HOME/vim.hlp" */
+    char_u	*dst,		/* where to put the result */
+    int		dstlen,		/* maximum length of the result */
+    int		esc,		/* escape spaces in expanded variables */
+    int		one,		/* "srcp" is one file name */
+    char_u	*startstr)	/* start again after this (can be NULL) */
+{
+    char_u	*src;
+    char_u	*tail;
+    int		c;
+    char_u	*var;
+    int		copy_char;
+    int		mustfree;	/* var was allocated, need to free it later */
+    int		at_start = TRUE; /* at start of a name */
+    int		startstr_len = 0;
+
+    if (startstr != NULL)
+	startstr_len = (int)STRLEN(startstr);
+
+    src = skipwhite(srcp);
+    --dstlen;		    /* leave one char space for "\," */
+    while (*src && dstlen > 0)
+    {
+#ifdef FEAT_EVAL
+	/* Skip over `=expr`. */
+	if (src[0] == '`' && src[1] == '=')
+	{
+	    size_t len;
+
+	    var = src;
+	    src += 2;
+	    (void)skip_expr(&src);
+	    if (*src == '`')
+		++src;
+	    len = src - var;
+	    if (len > (size_t)dstlen)
+		len = dstlen;
+	    vim_strncpy(dst, var, len);
+	    dst += len;
+	    dstlen -= (int)len;
+	    continue;
+	}
+#endif
+	copy_char = TRUE;
+	if ((*src == '$'
+#ifdef VMS
+		    && at_start
+#endif
+	   )
+#if defined(MSWIN)
+		|| *src == '%'
+#endif
+		|| (*src == '~' && at_start))
+	{
+	    mustfree = FALSE;
+
+	    /*
+	     * The variable name is copied into dst temporarily, because it may
+	     * be a string in read-only memory and a NUL needs to be appended.
+	     */
+	    if (*src != '~')				/* environment var */
+	    {
+		tail = src + 1;
+		var = dst;
+		c = dstlen - 1;
+
+#ifdef UNIX
+		/* Unix has ${var-name} type environment vars */
+		if (*tail == '{' && !vim_isIDc('{'))
+		{
+		    tail++;	/* ignore '{' */
+		    while (c-- > 0 && *tail && *tail != '}')
+			*var++ = *tail++;
+		}
+		else
+#endif
+		{
+		    while (c-- > 0 && *tail != NUL && ((vim_isIDc(*tail))
+#if defined(MSWIN)
+			    || (*src == '%' && *tail != '%')
+#endif
+			    ))
+		    {
+			*var++ = *tail++;
+		    }
+		}
+
+#if defined(MSWIN) || defined(UNIX)
+# ifdef UNIX
+		if (src[1] == '{' && *tail != '}')
+# else
+		if (*src == '%' && *tail != '%')
+# endif
+		    var = NULL;
+		else
+		{
+# ifdef UNIX
+		    if (src[1] == '{')
+# else
+		    if (*src == '%')
+#endif
+			++tail;
+#endif
+		    *var = NUL;
+		    var = vim_getenv(dst, &mustfree);
+#if defined(MSWIN) || defined(UNIX)
+		}
+#endif
+	    }
+							/* home directory */
+	    else if (  src[1] == NUL
+		    || vim_ispathsep(src[1])
+		    || vim_strchr((char_u *)" ,\t\n", src[1]) != NULL)
+	    {
+		var = homedir;
+		tail = src + 1;
+	    }
+	    else					/* user directory */
+	    {
+#if defined(UNIX) || (defined(VMS) && defined(USER_HOME))
+		/*
+		 * Copy ~user to dst[], so we can put a NUL after it.
+		 */
+		tail = src;
+		var = dst;
+		c = dstlen - 1;
+		while (	   c-- > 0
+			&& *tail
+			&& vim_isfilec(*tail)
+			&& !vim_ispathsep(*tail))
+		    *var++ = *tail++;
+		*var = NUL;
+# ifdef UNIX
+		/*
+		 * If the system supports getpwnam(), use it.
+		 * Otherwise, or if getpwnam() fails, the shell is used to
+		 * expand ~user.  This is slower and may fail if the shell
+		 * does not support ~user (old versions of /bin/sh).
+		 */
+#  if defined(HAVE_GETPWNAM) && defined(HAVE_PWD_H)
+		{
+		    /* Note: memory allocated by getpwnam() is never freed.
+		     * Calling endpwent() apparently doesn't help. */
+		    struct passwd *pw = (*dst == NUL)
+					? NULL : getpwnam((char *)dst + 1);
+
+		    var = (pw == NULL) ? NULL : (char_u *)pw->pw_dir;
+		}
+		if (var == NULL)
+#  endif
+		{
+		    expand_T	xpc;
+
+		    ExpandInit(&xpc);
+		    xpc.xp_context = EXPAND_FILES;
+		    var = ExpandOne(&xpc, dst, NULL,
+				WILD_ADD_SLASH|WILD_SILENT, WILD_EXPAND_FREE);
+		    mustfree = TRUE;
+		}
+
+# else	/* !UNIX, thus VMS */
+		/*
+		 * USER_HOME is a comma-separated list of
+		 * directories to search for the user account in.
+		 */
+		{
+		    char_u	test[MAXPATHL], paths[MAXPATHL];
+		    char_u	*path, *next_path, *ptr;
+		    stat_T	st;
+
+		    STRCPY(paths, USER_HOME);
+		    next_path = paths;
+		    while (*next_path)
+		    {
+			for (path = next_path; *next_path && *next_path != ',';
+				next_path++);
+			if (*next_path)
+			    *next_path++ = NUL;
+			STRCPY(test, path);
+			STRCAT(test, "/");
+			STRCAT(test, dst + 1);
+			if (mch_stat(test, &st) == 0)
+			{
+			    var = alloc(STRLEN(test) + 1);
+			    STRCPY(var, test);
+			    mustfree = TRUE;
+			    break;
+			}
+		    }
+		}
+# endif /* UNIX */
+#else
+		/* cannot expand user's home directory, so don't try */
+		var = NULL;
+		tail = (char_u *)"";	/* for gcc */
+#endif /* UNIX || VMS */
+	    }
+
+#ifdef BACKSLASH_IN_FILENAME
+	    /* If 'shellslash' is set change backslashes to forward slashes.
+	     * Can't use slash_adjust(), p_ssl may be set temporarily. */
+	    if (p_ssl && var != NULL && vim_strchr(var, '\\') != NULL)
+	    {
+		char_u	*p = vim_strsave(var);
+
+		if (p != NULL)
+		{
+		    if (mustfree)
+			vim_free(var);
+		    var = p;
+		    mustfree = TRUE;
+		    forward_slash(var);
+		}
+	    }
+#endif
+
+	    /* If "var" contains white space, escape it with a backslash.
+	     * Required for ":e ~/tt" when $HOME includes a space. */
+	    if (esc && var != NULL && vim_strpbrk(var, (char_u *)" \t") != NULL)
+	    {
+		char_u	*p = vim_strsave_escaped(var, (char_u *)" \t");
+
+		if (p != NULL)
+		{
+		    if (mustfree)
+			vim_free(var);
+		    var = p;
+		    mustfree = TRUE;
+		}
+	    }
+
+	    if (var != NULL && *var != NUL
+		    && (STRLEN(var) + STRLEN(tail) + 1 < (unsigned)dstlen))
+	    {
+		STRCPY(dst, var);
+		dstlen -= (int)STRLEN(var);
+		c = (int)STRLEN(var);
+		/* if var[] ends in a path separator and tail[] starts
+		 * with it, skip a character */
+		if (*var != NUL && after_pathsep(dst, dst + c)
+#if defined(BACKSLASH_IN_FILENAME) || defined(AMIGA)
+			&& dst[-1] != ':'
+#endif
+			&& vim_ispathsep(*tail))
+		    ++tail;
+		dst += c;
+		src = tail;
+		copy_char = FALSE;
+	    }
+	    if (mustfree)
+		vim_free(var);
+	}
+
+	if (copy_char)	    /* copy at least one char */
+	{
+	    /*
+	     * Recognize the start of a new name, for '~'.
+	     * Don't do this when "one" is TRUE, to avoid expanding "~" in
+	     * ":edit foo ~ foo".
+	     */
+	    at_start = FALSE;
+	    if (src[0] == '\\' && src[1] != NUL)
+	    {
+		*dst++ = *src++;
+		--dstlen;
+	    }
+	    else if ((src[0] == ' ' || src[0] == ',') && !one)
+		at_start = TRUE;
+	    if (dstlen > 0)
+	    {
+		*dst++ = *src++;
+		--dstlen;
+
+		if (startstr != NULL && src - startstr_len >= srcp
+			&& STRNCMP(src - startstr_len, startstr,
+							    startstr_len) == 0)
+		    at_start = TRUE;
+	    }
+	}
+
+    }
+    *dst = NUL;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Vim's version of getenv().
+ * Special handling of $HOME, $VIM and $VIMRUNTIME.
+ * Also does ACP to 'enc' conversion for Win32.
+ * "mustfree" is set to TRUE when returned is allocated, it must be
+ * initialized to FALSE by the caller.
+ */
+    char_u *
+vim_getenv(char_u *name, int *mustfree)
+{
+    char_u	*p;
+    char_u	*pend;
+    int		vimruntime;
+
+#if defined(MSWIN)
+    /* use "C:/" when $HOME is not set */
+    if (STRCMP(name, "HOME") == 0)
+	return homedir;
+#endif
+
+    p = mch_getenv(name);
+    if (p != NULL && *p == NUL)	    /* empty is the same as not set */
+	p = NULL;
+
+    if (p != NULL)
+    {
+#if defined(WIN3264)
+	if (enc_utf8)
+	{
+	    int	    len;
+	    char_u  *pp = NULL;
+
+	    /* Convert from active codepage to UTF-8.  Other conversions are
+	     * not done, because they would fail for non-ASCII characters. */
+	    acp_to_enc(p, (int)STRLEN(p), &pp, &len);
+	    if (pp != NULL)
+	    {
+		p = pp;
+		*mustfree = TRUE;
+	    }
+	}
+#endif
+	return p;
+    }
+
+    vimruntime = (STRCMP(name, "VIMRUNTIME") == 0);
+    if (!vimruntime && STRCMP(name, "VIM") != 0)
+	return NULL;
+
+    /*
+     * When expanding $VIMRUNTIME fails, try using $VIM/vim<version> or $VIM.
+     * Don't do this when default_vimruntime_dir is non-empty.
+     */
+    if (vimruntime
+#ifdef HAVE_PATHDEF
+	    && *default_vimruntime_dir == NUL
+#endif
+       )
+    {
+	p = mch_getenv((char_u *)"VIM");
+	if (p != NULL && *p == NUL)	    /* empty is the same as not set */
+	    p = NULL;
+	if (p != NULL)
+	{
+	    p = vim_version_dir(p);
+	    if (p != NULL)
+		*mustfree = TRUE;
+	    else
+		p = mch_getenv((char_u *)"VIM");
+
+#if defined(WIN3264)
+	    if (enc_utf8)
+	    {
+		int	len;
+		char_u  *pp = NULL;
+
+		/* Convert from active codepage to UTF-8.  Other conversions
+		 * are not done, because they would fail for non-ASCII
+		 * characters. */
+		acp_to_enc(p, (int)STRLEN(p), &pp, &len);
+		if (pp != NULL)
+		{
+		    if (*mustfree)
+			vim_free(p);
+		    p = pp;
+		    *mustfree = TRUE;
+		}
+	    }
+#endif
+	}
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * When expanding $VIM or $VIMRUNTIME fails, try using:
+     * - the directory name from 'helpfile' (unless it contains '$')
+     * - the executable name from argv[0]
+     */
+    if (p == NULL)
+    {
+	if (p_hf != NULL && vim_strchr(p_hf, '$') == NULL)
+	    p = p_hf;
+#ifdef USE_EXE_NAME
+	/*
+	 * Use the name of the executable, obtained from argv[0].
+	 */
+	else
+	    p = exe_name;
+#endif
+	if (p != NULL)
+	{
+	    /* remove the file name */
+	    pend = gettail(p);
+
+	    /* remove "doc/" from 'helpfile', if present */
+	    if (p == p_hf)
+		pend = remove_tail(p, pend, (char_u *)"doc");
+
+#ifdef USE_EXE_NAME
+# ifdef MACOS_X
+	    /* remove "MacOS" from exe_name and add "Resources/vim" */
+	    if (p == exe_name)
+	    {
+		char_u	*pend1;
+		char_u	*pnew;
+
+		pend1 = remove_tail(p, pend, (char_u *)"MacOS");
+		if (pend1 != pend)
+		{
+		    pnew = alloc((unsigned)(pend1 - p) + 15);
+		    if (pnew != NULL)
+		    {
+			STRNCPY(pnew, p, (pend1 - p));
+			STRCPY(pnew + (pend1 - p), "Resources/vim");
+			p = pnew;
+			pend = p + STRLEN(p);
+		    }
+		}
+	    }
+# endif
+	    /* remove "src/" from exe_name, if present */
+	    if (p == exe_name)
+		pend = remove_tail(p, pend, (char_u *)"src");
+#endif
+
+	    /* for $VIM, remove "runtime/" or "vim54/", if present */
+	    if (!vimruntime)
+	    {
+		pend = remove_tail(p, pend, (char_u *)RUNTIME_DIRNAME);
+		pend = remove_tail(p, pend, (char_u *)VIM_VERSION_NODOT);
+	    }
+
+	    /* remove trailing path separator */
+	    if (pend > p && after_pathsep(p, pend))
+		--pend;
+
+#ifdef MACOS_X
+	    if (p == exe_name || p == p_hf)
+#endif
+		/* check that the result is a directory name */
+		p = vim_strnsave(p, (int)(pend - p));
+
+	    if (p != NULL && !mch_isdir(p))
+		VIM_CLEAR(p);
+	    else
+	    {
+#ifdef USE_EXE_NAME
+		/* may add "/vim54" or "/runtime" if it exists */
+		if (vimruntime && (pend = vim_version_dir(p)) != NULL)
+		{
+		    vim_free(p);
+		    p = pend;
+		}
+#endif
+		*mustfree = TRUE;
+	    }
+	}
+    }
+
+#ifdef HAVE_PATHDEF
+    /* When there is a pathdef.c file we can use default_vim_dir and
+     * default_vimruntime_dir */
+    if (p == NULL)
+    {
+	/* Only use default_vimruntime_dir when it is not empty */
+	if (vimruntime && *default_vimruntime_dir != NUL)
+	{
+	    p = default_vimruntime_dir;
+	    *mustfree = FALSE;
+	}
+	else if (*default_vim_dir != NUL)
+	{
+	    if (vimruntime && (p = vim_version_dir(default_vim_dir)) != NULL)
+		*mustfree = TRUE;
+	    else
+	    {
+		p = default_vim_dir;
+		*mustfree = FALSE;
+	    }
+	}
+    }
+#endif
+
+    /*
+     * Set the environment variable, so that the new value can be found fast
+     * next time, and others can also use it (e.g. Perl).
+     */
+    if (p != NULL)
+    {
+	if (vimruntime)
+	{
+	    vim_setenv((char_u *)"VIMRUNTIME", p);
+	    didset_vimruntime = TRUE;
+	}
+	else
+	{
+	    vim_setenv((char_u *)"VIM", p);
+	    didset_vim = TRUE;
+	}
+    }
+    return p;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Check if the directory "vimdir/<version>" or "vimdir/runtime" exists.
+ * Return NULL if not, return its name in allocated memory otherwise.
+ */
+    static char_u *
+vim_version_dir(char_u *vimdir)
+{
+    char_u	*p;
+
+    if (vimdir == NULL || *vimdir == NUL)
+	return NULL;
+    p = concat_fnames(vimdir, (char_u *)VIM_VERSION_NODOT, TRUE);
+    if (p != NULL && mch_isdir(p))
+	return p;
+    vim_free(p);
+    p = concat_fnames(vimdir, (char_u *)RUNTIME_DIRNAME, TRUE);
+    if (p != NULL && mch_isdir(p))
+	return p;
+    vim_free(p);
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+/*
+ * If the string between "p" and "pend" ends in "name/", return "pend" minus
+ * the length of "name/".  Otherwise return "pend".
+ */
+    static char_u *
+remove_tail(char_u *p, char_u *pend, char_u *name)
+{
+    int		len = (int)STRLEN(name) + 1;
+    char_u	*newend = pend - len;
+
+    if (newend >= p
+	    && fnamencmp(newend, name, len - 1) == 0
+	    && (newend == p || after_pathsep(p, newend)))
+	return newend;
+    return pend;
+}
+
+#if defined(FEAT_EVAL) || defined(PROTO)
+    void
+vim_unsetenv(char_u *var)
+{
+#ifdef HAVE_UNSETENV
+    unsetenv((char *)var);
+#else
+    vim_setenv(var, (char_u *)"");
+#endif
+}
+#endif
+
+
+/*
+ * Our portable version of setenv.
+ */
+    void
+vim_setenv(char_u *name, char_u *val)
+{
+#ifdef HAVE_SETENV
+    mch_setenv((char *)name, (char *)val, 1);
+#else
+    char_u	*envbuf;
+
+    /*
+     * Putenv does not copy the string, it has to remain
+     * valid.  The allocated memory will never be freed.
+     */
+    envbuf = alloc((unsigned)(STRLEN(name) + STRLEN(val) + 2));
+    if (envbuf != NULL)
+    {
+	sprintf((char *)envbuf, "%s=%s", name, val);
+	putenv((char *)envbuf);
+    }
+#endif
+#ifdef FEAT_GETTEXT
+    /*
+     * When setting $VIMRUNTIME adjust the directory to find message
+     * translations to $VIMRUNTIME/lang.
+     */
+    if (*val != NUL && STRICMP(name, "VIMRUNTIME") == 0)
+    {
+	char_u	*buf = concat_str(val, (char_u *)"/lang");
+
+	if (buf != NULL)
+	{
+	    bindtextdomain(VIMPACKAGE, (char *)buf);
+	    vim_free(buf);
+	}
+    }
+#endif
+}
+
+#if defined(FEAT_CMDL_COMPL) || defined(PROTO)
+/*
+ * Function given to ExpandGeneric() to obtain an environment variable name.
+ */
+    char_u *
+get_env_name(
+    expand_T	*xp UNUSED,
+    int		idx)
+{
+# if defined(AMIGA)
+    /*
+     * No environ[] on the Amiga.
+     */
+    return NULL;
+# else
+# ifndef __WIN32__
+    /* Borland C++ 5.2 has this in a header file. */
+    extern char		**environ;
+# endif
+# define ENVNAMELEN 100
+    static char_u	name[ENVNAMELEN];
+    char_u		*str;
+    int			n;
+
+    str = (char_u *)environ[idx];
+    if (str == NULL)
+	return NULL;
+
+    for (n = 0; n < ENVNAMELEN - 1; ++n)
+    {
+	if (str[n] == '=' || str[n] == NUL)
+	    break;
+	name[n] = str[n];
+    }
+    name[n] = NUL;
+    return name;
+# endif
+}
+
+/*
+ * Add a user name to the list of users in ga_users.
+ * Do nothing if user name is NULL or empty.
+ */
+    static void
+add_user(char_u *user, int need_copy)
+{
+    char_u	*user_copy = (user != NULL && need_copy)
+						    ? vim_strsave(user) : user;
+
+    if (user_copy == NULL || *user_copy == NUL || ga_grow(&ga_users, 1) == FAIL)
+    {
+	if (need_copy)
+	    vim_free(user);
+	return;
+    }
+    ((char_u **)(ga_users.ga_data))[ga_users.ga_len++] = user_copy;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Find all user names for user completion.
+ * Done only once and then cached.
+ */
+    static void
+init_users(void)
+{
+    static int	lazy_init_done = FALSE;
+
+    if (lazy_init_done)
+	return;
+
+    lazy_init_done = TRUE;
+    ga_init2(&ga_users, sizeof(char_u *), 20);
+
+# if defined(HAVE_GETPWENT) && defined(HAVE_PWD_H)
+    {
+	struct passwd*	pw;
+
+	setpwent();
+	while ((pw = getpwent()) != NULL)
+	    add_user((char_u *)pw->pw_name, TRUE);
+	endpwent();
+    }
+# elif defined(WIN3264)
+    {
+	DWORD		nusers = 0, ntotal = 0, i;
+	PUSER_INFO_0	uinfo;
+
+	if (NetUserEnum(NULL, 0, 0, (LPBYTE *) &uinfo, MAX_PREFERRED_LENGTH,
+				       &nusers, &ntotal, NULL) == NERR_Success)
+	{
+	    for (i = 0; i < nusers; i++)
+		add_user(utf16_to_enc(uinfo[i].usri0_name, NULL), FALSE);
+
+	    NetApiBufferFree(uinfo);
+	}
+    }
+# endif
+# if defined(HAVE_GETPWNAM)
+    {
+	char_u	*user_env = mch_getenv((char_u *)"USER");
+
+	// The $USER environment variable may be a valid remote user name (NIS,
+	// LDAP) not already listed by getpwent(), as getpwent() only lists
+	// local user names.  If $USER is not already listed, check whether it
+	// is a valid remote user name using getpwnam() and if it is, add it to
+	// the list of user names.
+
+	if (user_env != NULL && *user_env != NUL)
+	{
+	    int	i;
+
+	    for (i = 0; i < ga_users.ga_len; i++)
+	    {
+		char_u	*local_user = ((char_u **)ga_users.ga_data)[i];
+
+		if (STRCMP(local_user, user_env) == 0)
+		    break;
+	    }
+
+	    if (i == ga_users.ga_len)
+	    {
+		struct passwd	*pw = getpwnam((char *)user_env);
+
+		if (pw != NULL)
+		    add_user((char_u *)pw->pw_name, TRUE);
+	    }
+	}
+    }
+# endif
+}
+
+/*
+ * Function given to ExpandGeneric() to obtain an user names.
+ */
+    char_u*
+get_users(expand_T *xp UNUSED, int idx)
+{
+    init_users();
+    if (idx < ga_users.ga_len)
+	return ((char_u **)ga_users.ga_data)[idx];
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Check whether name matches a user name. Return:
+ * 0 if name does not match any user name.
+ * 1 if name partially matches the beginning of a user name.
+ * 2 is name fully matches a user name.
+ */
+    int
+match_user(char_u *name)
+{
+    int i;
+    int n = (int)STRLEN(name);
+    int result = 0;
+
+    init_users();
+    for (i = 0; i < ga_users.ga_len; i++)
+    {
+	if (STRCMP(((char_u **)ga_users.ga_data)[i], name) == 0)
+	    return 2; /* full match */
+	if (STRNCMP(((char_u **)ga_users.ga_data)[i], name, n) == 0)
+	    result = 1; /* partial match */
+    }
+    return result;
+}
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * Replace home directory by "~" in each space or comma separated file name in
+ * 'src'.
+ * If anything fails (except when out of space) dst equals src.
+ */
+    void
+home_replace(
+    buf_T	*buf,	/* when not NULL, check for help files */
+    char_u	*src,	/* input file name */
+    char_u	*dst,	/* where to put the result */
+    int		dstlen,	/* maximum length of the result */
+    int		one)	/* if TRUE, only replace one file name, include
+			   spaces and commas in the file name. */
+{
+    size_t	dirlen = 0, envlen = 0;
+    size_t	len;
+    char_u	*homedir_env, *homedir_env_orig;
+    char_u	*p;
+
+    if (src == NULL)
+    {
+	*dst = NUL;
+	return;
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * If the file is a help file, remove the path completely.
+     */
+    if (buf != NULL && buf->b_help)
+    {
+	vim_snprintf((char *)dst, dstlen, "%s", gettail(src));
+	return;
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * We check both the value of the $HOME environment variable and the
+     * "real" home directory.
+     */
+    if (homedir != NULL)
+	dirlen = STRLEN(homedir);
+
+#ifdef VMS
+    homedir_env_orig = homedir_env = mch_getenv((char_u *)"SYS$LOGIN");
+#else
+    homedir_env_orig = homedir_env = mch_getenv((char_u *)"HOME");
+#endif
+#ifdef WIN3264
+    if (homedir_env == NULL)
+	homedir_env_orig = homedir_env = mch_getenv((char_u *)"USERPROFILE");
+#endif
+    /* Empty is the same as not set. */
+    if (homedir_env != NULL && *homedir_env == NUL)
+	homedir_env = NULL;
+
+#if defined(FEAT_MODIFY_FNAME) || defined(FEAT_EVAL)
+    if (homedir_env != NULL && *homedir_env == '~')
+    {
+	int	usedlen = 0;
+	int	flen;
+	char_u	*fbuf = NULL;
+
+	flen = (int)STRLEN(homedir_env);
+	(void)modify_fname((char_u *)":p", FALSE, &usedlen,
+						  &homedir_env, &fbuf, &flen);
+	flen = (int)STRLEN(homedir_env);
+	if (flen > 0 && vim_ispathsep(homedir_env[flen - 1]))
+	    /* Remove the trailing / that is added to a directory. */
+	    homedir_env[flen - 1] = NUL;
+    }
+#endif
+
+    if (homedir_env != NULL)
+	envlen = STRLEN(homedir_env);
+
+    if (!one)
+	src = skipwhite(src);
+    while (*src && dstlen > 0)
+    {
+	/*
+	 * Here we are at the beginning of a file name.
+	 * First, check to see if the beginning of the file name matches
+	 * $HOME or the "real" home directory. Check that there is a '/'
+	 * after the match (so that if e.g. the file is "/home/pieter/bla",
+	 * and the home directory is "/home/piet", the file does not end up
+	 * as "~er/bla" (which would seem to indicate the file "bla" in user
+	 * er's home directory)).
+	 */
+	p = homedir;
+	len = dirlen;
+	for (;;)
+	{
+	    if (   len
+		&& fnamencmp(src, p, len) == 0
+		&& (vim_ispathsep(src[len])
+		    || (!one && (src[len] == ',' || src[len] == ' '))
+		    || src[len] == NUL))
+	    {
+		src += len;
+		if (--dstlen > 0)
+		    *dst++ = '~';
+
+		/*
+		 * If it's just the home directory, add  "/".
+		 */
+		if (!vim_ispathsep(src[0]) && --dstlen > 0)
+		    *dst++ = '/';
+		break;
+	    }
+	    if (p == homedir_env)
+		break;
+	    p = homedir_env;
+	    len = envlen;
+	}
+
+	/* if (!one) skip to separator: space or comma */
+	while (*src && (one || (*src != ',' && *src != ' ')) && --dstlen > 0)
+	    *dst++ = *src++;
+	/* skip separator */
+	while ((*src == ' ' || *src == ',') && --dstlen > 0)
+	    *dst++ = *src++;
+    }
+    /* if (dstlen == 0) out of space, what to do??? */
+
+    *dst = NUL;
+
+    if (homedir_env != homedir_env_orig)
+	vim_free(homedir_env);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Like home_replace, store the replaced string in allocated memory.
+ * When something fails, NULL is returned.
+ */
+    char_u  *
+home_replace_save(
+    buf_T	*buf,	/* when not NULL, check for help files */
+    char_u	*src)	/* input file name */
+{
+    char_u	*dst;
+    unsigned	len;
+
+    len = 3;			/* space for "~/" and trailing NUL */
+    if (src != NULL)		/* just in case */
+	len += (unsigned)STRLEN(src);
+    dst = alloc(len);
+    if (dst != NULL)
+	home_replace(buf, src, dst, len, TRUE);
+    return dst;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Compare two file names and return:
+ * FPC_SAME   if they both exist and are the same file.
+ * FPC_SAMEX  if they both don't exist and have the same file name.
+ * FPC_DIFF   if they both exist and are different files.
+ * FPC_NOTX   if they both don't exist.
+ * FPC_DIFFX  if one of them doesn't exist.
+ * For the first name environment variables are expanded
+ */
+    int
+fullpathcmp(
+    char_u *s1,
+    char_u *s2,
+    int	    checkname)		/* when both don't exist, check file names */
+{
+#ifdef UNIX
+    char_u	    exp1[MAXPATHL];
+    char_u	    full1[MAXPATHL];
+    char_u	    full2[MAXPATHL];
+    stat_T	    st1, st2;
+    int		    r1, r2;
+
+    expand_env(s1, exp1, MAXPATHL);
+    r1 = mch_stat((char *)exp1, &st1);
+    r2 = mch_stat((char *)s2, &st2);
+    if (r1 != 0 && r2 != 0)
+    {
+	/* if mch_stat() doesn't work, may compare the names */
+	if (checkname)
+	{
+	    if (fnamecmp(exp1, s2) == 0)
+		return FPC_SAMEX;
+	    r1 = vim_FullName(exp1, full1, MAXPATHL, FALSE);
+	    r2 = vim_FullName(s2, full2, MAXPATHL, FALSE);
+	    if (r1 == OK && r2 == OK && fnamecmp(full1, full2) == 0)
+		return FPC_SAMEX;
+	}
+	return FPC_NOTX;
+    }
+    if (r1 != 0 || r2 != 0)
+	return FPC_DIFFX;
+    if (st1.st_dev == st2.st_dev && st1.st_ino == st2.st_ino)
+	return FPC_SAME;
+    return FPC_DIFF;
+#else
+    char_u  *exp1;		/* expanded s1 */
+    char_u  *full1;		/* full path of s1 */
+    char_u  *full2;		/* full path of s2 */
+    int	    retval = FPC_DIFF;
+    int	    r1, r2;
+
+    /* allocate one buffer to store three paths (alloc()/free() is slow!) */
+    if ((exp1 = alloc(MAXPATHL * 3)) != NULL)
+    {
+	full1 = exp1 + MAXPATHL;
+	full2 = full1 + MAXPATHL;
+
+	expand_env(s1, exp1, MAXPATHL);
+	r1 = vim_FullName(exp1, full1, MAXPATHL, FALSE);
+	r2 = vim_FullName(s2, full2, MAXPATHL, FALSE);
+
+	/* If vim_FullName() fails, the file probably doesn't exist. */
+	if (r1 != OK && r2 != OK)
+	{
+	    if (checkname && fnamecmp(exp1, s2) == 0)
+		retval = FPC_SAMEX;
+	    else
+		retval = FPC_NOTX;
+	}
+	else if (r1 != OK || r2 != OK)
+	    retval = FPC_DIFFX;
+	else if (fnamecmp(full1, full2))
+	    retval = FPC_DIFF;
+	else
+	    retval = FPC_SAME;
+	vim_free(exp1);
+    }
+    return retval;
+#endif
+}
+
+/*
+ * Get the tail of a path: the file name.
+ * When the path ends in a path separator the tail is the NUL after it.
+ * Fail safe: never returns NULL.
+ */
+    char_u *
+gettail(char_u *fname)
+{
+    char_u  *p1, *p2;
+
+    if (fname == NULL)
+	return (char_u *)"";
+    for (p1 = p2 = get_past_head(fname); *p2; )	/* find last part of path */
+    {
+	if (vim_ispathsep_nocolon(*p2))
+	    p1 = p2 + 1;
+	MB_PTR_ADV(p2);
+    }
+    return p1;
+}
+
+#if defined(FEAT_SEARCHPATH)
+/*
+ * Return the end of the directory name, on the first path
+ * separator:
+ * "/path/file", "/path/dir/", "/path//dir", "/file"
+ *	 ^	       ^	     ^	      ^
+ */
+    static char_u *
+gettail_dir(char_u *fname)
+{
+    char_u	*dir_end = fname;
+    char_u	*next_dir_end = fname;
+    int		look_for_sep = TRUE;
+    char_u	*p;
+
+    for (p = fname; *p != NUL; )
+    {
+	if (vim_ispathsep(*p))
+	{
+	    if (look_for_sep)
+	    {
+		next_dir_end = p;
+		look_for_sep = FALSE;
+	    }
+	}
+	else
+	{
+	    if (!look_for_sep)
+		dir_end = next_dir_end;
+	    look_for_sep = TRUE;
+	}
+	MB_PTR_ADV(p);
+    }
+    return dir_end;
+}
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * Get pointer to tail of "fname", including path separators.  Putting a NUL
+ * here leaves the directory name.  Takes care of "c:/" and "//".
+ * Always returns a valid pointer.
+ */
+    char_u *
+gettail_sep(char_u *fname)
+{
+    char_u	*p;
+    char_u	*t;
+
+    p = get_past_head(fname);	/* don't remove the '/' from "c:/file" */
+    t = gettail(fname);
+    while (t > p && after_pathsep(fname, t))
+	--t;
+#ifdef VMS
+    /* path separator is part of the path */
+    ++t;
+#endif
+    return t;
+}
+
+/*
+ * get the next path component (just after the next path separator).
+ */
+    char_u *
+getnextcomp(char_u *fname)
+{
+    while (*fname && !vim_ispathsep(*fname))
+	MB_PTR_ADV(fname);
+    if (*fname)
+	++fname;
+    return fname;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Get a pointer to one character past the head of a path name.
+ * Unix: after "/"; DOS: after "c:\"; Amiga: after "disk:/"; Mac: no head.
+ * If there is no head, path is returned.
+ */
+    char_u *
+get_past_head(char_u *path)
+{
+    char_u  *retval;
+
+#if defined(MSWIN)
+    /* may skip "c:" */
+    if (isalpha(path[0]) && path[1] == ':')
+	retval = path + 2;
+    else
+	retval = path;
+#else
+# if defined(AMIGA)
+    /* may skip "label:" */
+    retval = vim_strchr(path, ':');
+    if (retval == NULL)
+	retval = path;
+# else	/* Unix */
+    retval = path;
+# endif
+#endif
+
+    while (vim_ispathsep(*retval))
+	++retval;
+
+    return retval;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Return TRUE if 'c' is a path separator.
+ * Note that for MS-Windows this includes the colon.
+ */
+    int
+vim_ispathsep(int c)
+{
+#ifdef UNIX
+    return (c == '/');	    /* UNIX has ':' inside file names */
+#else
+# ifdef BACKSLASH_IN_FILENAME
+    return (c == ':' || c == '/' || c == '\\');
+# else
+#  ifdef VMS
+    /* server"user passwd"::device:[full.path.name]fname.extension;version" */
+    return (c == ':' || c == '[' || c == ']' || c == '/'
+	    || c == '<' || c == '>' || c == '"' );
+#  else
+    return (c == ':' || c == '/');
+#  endif /* VMS */
+# endif
+#endif
+}
+
+/*
+ * Like vim_ispathsep(c), but exclude the colon for MS-Windows.
+ */
+    int
+vim_ispathsep_nocolon(int c)
+{
+    return vim_ispathsep(c)
+#ifdef BACKSLASH_IN_FILENAME
+	&& c != ':'
+#endif
+	;
+}
+
+#if defined(FEAT_SEARCHPATH) || defined(PROTO)
+/*
+ * return TRUE if 'c' is a path list separator.
+ */
+    int
+vim_ispathlistsep(int c)
+{
+#ifdef UNIX
+    return (c == ':');
+#else
+    return (c == ';');	/* might not be right for every system... */
+#endif
+}
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * Shorten the path of a file from "~/foo/../.bar/fname" to "~/f/../.b/fname"
+ * It's done in-place.
+ */
+    void
+shorten_dir(char_u *str)
+{
+    char_u	*tail, *s, *d;
+    int		skip = FALSE;
+
+    tail = gettail(str);
+    d = str;
+    for (s = str; ; ++s)
+    {
+	if (s >= tail)		    /* copy the whole tail */
+	{
+	    *d++ = *s;
+	    if (*s == NUL)
+		break;
+	}
+	else if (vim_ispathsep(*s))	    /* copy '/' and next char */
+	{
+	    *d++ = *s;
+	    skip = FALSE;
+	}
+	else if (!skip)
+	{
+	    *d++ = *s;		    /* copy next char */
+	    if (*s != '~' && *s != '.') /* and leading "~" and "." */
+		skip = TRUE;
+	    if (has_mbyte)
+	    {
+		int l = mb_ptr2len(s);
+
+		while (--l > 0)
+		    *d++ = *++s;
+	    }
+	}
+    }
+}
+
+/*
+ * Return TRUE if the directory of "fname" exists, FALSE otherwise.
+ * Also returns TRUE if there is no directory name.
+ * "fname" must be writable!.
+ */
+    int
+dir_of_file_exists(char_u *fname)
+{
+    char_u	*p;
+    int		c;
+    int		retval;
+
+    p = gettail_sep(fname);
+    if (p == fname)
+	return TRUE;
+    c = *p;
+    *p = NUL;
+    retval = mch_isdir(fname);
+    *p = c;
+    return retval;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Versions of fnamecmp() and fnamencmp() that handle '/' and '\' equally
+ * and deal with 'fileignorecase'.
+ */
+    int
+vim_fnamecmp(char_u *x, char_u *y)
+{
+#ifdef BACKSLASH_IN_FILENAME
+    return vim_fnamencmp(x, y, MAXPATHL);
+#else
+    if (p_fic)
+	return MB_STRICMP(x, y);
+    return STRCMP(x, y);
+#endif
+}
+
+    int
+vim_fnamencmp(char_u *x, char_u *y, size_t len)
+{
+#ifdef BACKSLASH_IN_FILENAME
+    char_u	*px = x;
+    char_u	*py = y;
+    int		cx = NUL;
+    int		cy = NUL;
+
+    while (len > 0)
+    {
+	cx = PTR2CHAR(px);
+	cy = PTR2CHAR(py);
+	if (cx == NUL || cy == NUL
+	    || ((p_fic ? MB_TOLOWER(cx) != MB_TOLOWER(cy) : cx != cy)
+		&& !(cx == '/' && cy == '\\')
+		&& !(cx == '\\' && cy == '/')))
+	    break;
+	len -= MB_PTR2LEN(px);
+	px += MB_PTR2LEN(px);
+	py += MB_PTR2LEN(py);
+    }
+    if (len == 0)
+	return 0;
+    return (cx - cy);
+#else
+    if (p_fic)
+	return MB_STRNICMP(x, y, len);
+    return STRNCMP(x, y, len);
+#endif
+}
+
+/*
+ * Concatenate file names fname1 and fname2 into allocated memory.
+ * Only add a '/' or '\\' when 'sep' is TRUE and it is necessary.
+ */
+    char_u  *
+concat_fnames(char_u *fname1, char_u *fname2, int sep)
+{
+    char_u  *dest;
+
+    dest = alloc((unsigned)(STRLEN(fname1) + STRLEN(fname2) + 3));
+    if (dest != NULL)
+    {
+	STRCPY(dest, fname1);
+	if (sep)
+	    add_pathsep(dest);
+	STRCAT(dest, fname2);
+    }
+    return dest;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Concatenate two strings and return the result in allocated memory.
+ * Returns NULL when out of memory.
+ */
+    char_u  *
+concat_str(char_u *str1, char_u *str2)
+{
+    char_u  *dest;
+    size_t  l = STRLEN(str1);
+
+    dest = alloc((unsigned)(l + STRLEN(str2) + 1L));
+    if (dest != NULL)
+    {
+	STRCPY(dest, str1);
+	STRCPY(dest + l, str2);
+    }
+    return dest;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Add a path separator to a file name, unless it already ends in a path
+ * separator.
+ */
+    void
+add_pathsep(char_u *p)
+{
+    if (*p != NUL && !after_pathsep(p, p + STRLEN(p)))
+	STRCAT(p, PATHSEPSTR);
+}
+
+/*
+ * FullName_save - Make an allocated copy of a full file name.
+ * Returns NULL when out of memory.
+ */
+    char_u  *
+FullName_save(
+    char_u	*fname,
+    int		force)		/* force expansion, even when it already looks
+				 * like a full path name */
+{
+    char_u	*buf;
+    char_u	*new_fname = NULL;
+
+    if (fname == NULL)
+	return NULL;
+
+    buf = alloc((unsigned)MAXPATHL);
+    if (buf != NULL)
+    {
+	if (vim_FullName(fname, buf, MAXPATHL, force) != FAIL)
+	    new_fname = vim_strsave(buf);
+	else
+	    new_fname = vim_strsave(fname);
+	vim_free(buf);
+    }
+    return new_fname;
+}
+
+    void
+prepare_to_exit(void)
+{
+#if defined(SIGHUP) && defined(SIG_IGN)
+    /* Ignore SIGHUP, because a dropped connection causes a read error, which
+     * makes Vim exit and then handling SIGHUP causes various reentrance
+     * problems. */
+    signal(SIGHUP, SIG_IGN);
+#endif
+
+#ifdef FEAT_GUI
+    if (gui.in_use)
+    {
+	gui.dying = TRUE;
+	out_trash();	/* trash any pending output */
+    }
+    else
+#endif
+    {
+	windgoto((int)Rows - 1, 0);
+
+	/*
+	 * Switch terminal mode back now, so messages end up on the "normal"
+	 * screen (if there are two screens).
+	 */
+	settmode(TMODE_COOK);
+	stoptermcap();
+	out_flush();
+    }
+}
+
+/*
+ * Preserve files and exit.
+ * When called IObuff must contain a message.
+ * NOTE: This may be called from deathtrap() in a signal handler, avoid unsafe
+ * functions, such as allocating memory.
+ */
+    void
+preserve_exit(void)
+{
+    buf_T	*buf;
+
+    prepare_to_exit();
+
+    /* Setting this will prevent free() calls.  That avoids calling free()
+     * recursively when free() was invoked with a bad pointer. */
+    really_exiting = TRUE;
+
+    out_str(IObuff);
+    screen_start();		    /* don't know where cursor is now */
+    out_flush();
+
+    ml_close_notmod();		    /* close all not-modified buffers */
+
+    FOR_ALL_BUFFERS(buf)
+    {
+	if (buf->b_ml.ml_mfp != NULL && buf->b_ml.ml_mfp->mf_fname != NULL)
+	{
+	    OUT_STR("Vim: preserving files...\n");
+	    screen_start();	    /* don't know where cursor is now */
+	    out_flush();
+	    ml_sync_all(FALSE, FALSE);	/* preserve all swap files */
+	    break;
+	}
+    }
+
+    ml_close_all(FALSE);	    /* close all memfiles, without deleting */
+
+    OUT_STR("Vim: Finished.\n");
+
+    getout(1);
+}
+
+/*
+ * return TRUE if "fname" exists.
+ */
+    int
+vim_fexists(char_u *fname)
+{
+    stat_T st;
+
+    if (mch_stat((char *)fname, &st))
+	return FALSE;
+    return TRUE;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Check for CTRL-C pressed, but only once in a while.
+ * Should be used instead of ui_breakcheck() for functions that check for
+ * each line in the file.  Calling ui_breakcheck() each time takes too much
+ * time, because it can be a system call.
+ */
+
+#ifndef BREAKCHECK_SKIP
+# ifdef FEAT_GUI		    /* assume the GUI only runs on fast computers */
+#  define BREAKCHECK_SKIP 200
+# else
+#  define BREAKCHECK_SKIP 32
+# endif
+#endif
+
+static int	breakcheck_count = 0;
+
+    void
+line_breakcheck(void)
+{
+    if (++breakcheck_count >= BREAKCHECK_SKIP)
+    {
+	breakcheck_count = 0;
+	ui_breakcheck();
+    }
+}
+
+/*
+ * Like line_breakcheck() but check 10 times less often.
+ */
+    void
+fast_breakcheck(void)
+{
+    if (++breakcheck_count >= BREAKCHECK_SKIP * 10)
+    {
+	breakcheck_count = 0;
+	ui_breakcheck();
+    }
+}
+
+/*
+ * Invoke expand_wildcards() for one pattern.
+ * Expand items like "%:h" before the expansion.
+ * Returns OK or FAIL.
+ */
+    int
+expand_wildcards_eval(
+    char_u	 **pat,		/* pointer to input pattern */
+    int		  *num_file,	/* resulting number of files */
+    char_u	***file,	/* array of resulting files */
+    int		   flags)	/* EW_DIR, etc. */
+{
+    int		ret = FAIL;
+    char_u	*eval_pat = NULL;
+    char_u	*exp_pat = *pat;
+    char      *ignored_msg;
+    int		usedlen;
+
+    if (*exp_pat == '%' || *exp_pat == '#' || *exp_pat == '<')
+    {
+	++emsg_off;
+	eval_pat = eval_vars(exp_pat, exp_pat, &usedlen,
+						    NULL, &ignored_msg, NULL);
+	--emsg_off;
+	if (eval_pat != NULL)
+	    exp_pat = concat_str(eval_pat, exp_pat + usedlen);
+    }
+
+    if (exp_pat != NULL)
+	ret = expand_wildcards(1, &exp_pat, num_file, file, flags);
+
+    if (eval_pat != NULL)
+    {
+	vim_free(exp_pat);
+	vim_free(eval_pat);
+    }
+
+    return ret;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Expand wildcards.  Calls gen_expand_wildcards() and removes files matching
+ * 'wildignore'.
+ * Returns OK or FAIL.  When FAIL then "num_files" won't be set.
+ */
+    int
+expand_wildcards(
+    int		   num_pat,	/* number of input patterns */
+    char_u	 **pat,		/* array of input patterns */
+    int		  *num_files,	/* resulting number of files */
+    char_u	***files,	/* array of resulting files */
+    int		   flags)	/* EW_DIR, etc. */
+{
+    int		retval;
+    int		i, j;
+    char_u	*p;
+    int		non_suf_match;	/* number without matching suffix */
+
+    retval = gen_expand_wildcards(num_pat, pat, num_files, files, flags);
+
+    /* When keeping all matches, return here */
+    if ((flags & EW_KEEPALL) || retval == FAIL)
+	return retval;
+
+#ifdef FEAT_WILDIGN
+    /*
+     * Remove names that match 'wildignore'.
+     */
+    if (*p_wig)
+    {
+	char_u	*ffname;
+
+	/* check all files in (*files)[] */
+	for (i = 0; i < *num_files; ++i)
+	{
+	    ffname = FullName_save((*files)[i], FALSE);
+	    if (ffname == NULL)		/* out of memory */
+		break;
+# ifdef VMS
+	    vms_remove_version(ffname);
+# endif
+	    if (match_file_list(p_wig, (*files)[i], ffname))
+	    {
+		/* remove this matching file from the list */
+		vim_free((*files)[i]);
+		for (j = i; j + 1 < *num_files; ++j)
+		    (*files)[j] = (*files)[j + 1];
+		--*num_files;
+		--i;
+	    }
+	    vim_free(ffname);
+	}
+
+	/* If the number of matches is now zero, we fail. */
+	if (*num_files == 0)
+	{
+	    VIM_CLEAR(*files);
+	    return FAIL;
+	}
+    }
+#endif
+
+    /*
+     * Move the names where 'suffixes' match to the end.
+     */
+    if (*num_files > 1)
+    {
+	non_suf_match = 0;
+	for (i = 0; i < *num_files; ++i)
+	{
+	    if (!match_suffix((*files)[i]))
+	    {
+		/*
+		 * Move the name without matching suffix to the front
+		 * of the list.
+		 */
+		p = (*files)[i];
+		for (j = i; j > non_suf_match; --j)
+		    (*files)[j] = (*files)[j - 1];
+		(*files)[non_suf_match++] = p;
+	    }
+	}
+    }
+
+    return retval;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Return TRUE if "fname" matches with an entry in 'suffixes'.
+ */
+    int
+match_suffix(char_u *fname)
+{
+    int		fnamelen, setsuflen;
+    char_u	*setsuf;
+#define MAXSUFLEN 30	    /* maximum length of a file suffix */
+    char_u	suf_buf[MAXSUFLEN];
+
+    fnamelen = (int)STRLEN(fname);
+    setsuflen = 0;
+    for (setsuf = p_su; *setsuf; )
+    {
+	setsuflen = copy_option_part(&setsuf, suf_buf, MAXSUFLEN, ".,");
+	if (setsuflen == 0)
+	{
+	    char_u *tail = gettail(fname);
+
+	    /* empty entry: match name without a '.' */
+	    if (vim_strchr(tail, '.') == NULL)
+	    {
+		setsuflen = 1;
+		break;
+	    }
+	}
+	else
+	{
+	    if (fnamelen >= setsuflen
+		    && fnamencmp(suf_buf, fname + fnamelen - setsuflen,
+						  (size_t)setsuflen) == 0)
+		break;
+	    setsuflen = 0;
+	}
+    }
+    return (setsuflen != 0);
+}
+
+#if !defined(NO_EXPANDPATH) || defined(PROTO)
+
+# ifdef VIM_BACKTICK
+static int vim_backtick(char_u *p);
+static int expand_backtick(garray_T *gap, char_u *pat, int flags);
+# endif
+
+# if defined(WIN3264)
+/*
+ * File name expansion code for MS-DOS, Win16 and Win32.  It's here because
+ * it's shared between these systems.
+ */
+# if defined(PROTO)
+#  define _cdecl
+# else
+#  ifdef __BORLANDC__
+#   define _cdecl _RTLENTRYF
+#  endif
+# endif
+
+/*
+ * comparison function for qsort in dos_expandpath()
+ */
+    static int _cdecl
+pstrcmp(const void *a, const void *b)
+{
+    return (pathcmp(*(char **)a, *(char **)b, -1));
+}
+
+/*
+ * Recursively expand one path component into all matching files and/or
+ * directories.  Adds matches to "gap".  Handles "*", "?", "[a-z]", "**", etc.
+ * Return the number of matches found.
+ * "path" has backslashes before chars that are not to be expanded, starting
+ * at "path[wildoff]".
+ * Return the number of matches found.
+ * NOTE: much of this is identical to unix_expandpath(), keep in sync!
+ */
+    static int
+dos_expandpath(
+    garray_T	*gap,
+    char_u	*path,
+    int		wildoff,
+    int		flags,		/* EW_* flags */
+    int		didstar)	/* expanded "**" once already */
+{
+    char_u	*buf;
+    char_u	*path_end;
+    char_u	*p, *s, *e;
+    int		start_len = gap->ga_len;
+    char_u	*pat;
+    regmatch_T	regmatch;
+    int		starts_with_dot;
+    int		matches;
+    int		len;
+    int		starstar = FALSE;
+    static int	stardepth = 0;	    /* depth for "**" expansion */
+    WIN32_FIND_DATA	fb;
+    HANDLE		hFind = (HANDLE)0;
+    WIN32_FIND_DATAW    wfb;
+    WCHAR		*wn = NULL;	/* UCS-2 name, NULL when not used. */
+    char_u		*matchname;
+    int			ok;
+
+    /* Expanding "**" may take a long time, check for CTRL-C. */
+    if (stardepth > 0)
+    {
+	ui_breakcheck();
+	if (got_int)
+	    return 0;
+    }
+
+    // Make room for file name.  When doing encoding conversion the actual
+    // length may be quite a bit longer, thus use the maximum possible length.
+    buf = alloc((int)MAXPATHL);
+    if (buf == NULL)
+	return 0;
+
+    /*
+     * Find the first part in the path name that contains a wildcard or a ~1.
+     * Copy it into buf, including the preceding characters.
+     */
+    p = buf;
+    s = buf;
+    e = NULL;
+    path_end = path;
+    while (*path_end != NUL)
+    {
+	/* May ignore a wildcard that has a backslash before it; it will
+	 * be removed by rem_backslash() or file_pat_to_reg_pat() below. */
+	if (path_end >= path + wildoff && rem_backslash(path_end))
+	    *p++ = *path_end++;
+	else if (*path_end == '\\' || *path_end == ':' || *path_end == '/')
+	{
+	    if (e != NULL)
+		break;
+	    s = p + 1;
+	}
+	else if (path_end >= path + wildoff
+			 && vim_strchr((char_u *)"*?[~", *path_end) != NULL)
+	    e = p;
+	if (has_mbyte)
+	{
+	    len = (*mb_ptr2len)(path_end);
+	    STRNCPY(p, path_end, len);
+	    p += len;
+	    path_end += len;
+	}
+	else
+	    *p++ = *path_end++;
+    }
+    e = p;
+    *e = NUL;
+
+    /* now we have one wildcard component between s and e */
+    /* Remove backslashes between "wildoff" and the start of the wildcard
+     * component. */
+    for (p = buf + wildoff; p < s; ++p)
+	if (rem_backslash(p))
+	{
+	    STRMOVE(p, p + 1);
+	    --e;
+	    --s;
+	}
+
+    /* Check for "**" between "s" and "e". */
+    for (p = s; p < e; ++p)
+	if (p[0] == '*' && p[1] == '*')
+	    starstar = TRUE;
+
+    starts_with_dot = *s == '.';
+    pat = file_pat_to_reg_pat(s, e, NULL, FALSE);
+    if (pat == NULL)
+    {
+	vim_free(buf);
+	return 0;
+    }
+
+    /* compile the regexp into a program */
+    if (flags & (EW_NOERROR | EW_NOTWILD))
+	++emsg_silent;
+    regmatch.rm_ic = TRUE;		/* Always ignore case */
+    regmatch.regprog = vim_regcomp(pat, RE_MAGIC);
+    if (flags & (EW_NOERROR | EW_NOTWILD))
+	--emsg_silent;
+    vim_free(pat);
+
+    if (regmatch.regprog == NULL && (flags & EW_NOTWILD) == 0)
+    {
+	vim_free(buf);
+	return 0;
+    }
+
+    /* remember the pattern or file name being looked for */
+    matchname = vim_strsave(s);
+
+    /* If "**" is by itself, this is the first time we encounter it and more
+     * is following then find matches without any directory. */
+    if (!didstar && stardepth < 100 && starstar && e - s == 2
+							  && *path_end == '/')
+    {
+	STRCPY(s, path_end + 1);
+	++stardepth;
+	(void)dos_expandpath(gap, buf, (int)(s - buf), flags, TRUE);
+	--stardepth;
+    }
+
+    /* Scan all files in the directory with "dir/ *.*" */
+    STRCPY(s, "*.*");
+    if (enc_codepage >= 0 && (int)GetACP() != enc_codepage)
+    {
+	/* The active codepage differs from 'encoding'.  Attempt using the
+	 * wide function.  If it fails because it is not implemented fall back
+	 * to the non-wide version (for Windows 98) */
+	wn = enc_to_utf16(buf, NULL);
+	if (wn != NULL)
+	{
+	    hFind = FindFirstFileW(wn, &wfb);
+	    if (hFind == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE
+			      && GetLastError() == ERROR_CALL_NOT_IMPLEMENTED)
+		VIM_CLEAR(wn);
+	}
+    }
+
+    if (wn == NULL)
+	hFind = FindFirstFile((LPCSTR)buf, &fb);
+    ok = (hFind != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE);
+
+    while (ok)
+    {
+	if (wn != NULL)
+	    p = utf16_to_enc(wfb.cFileName, NULL);   /* p is allocated here */
+	else
+	    p = (char_u *)fb.cFileName;
+	/* Ignore entries starting with a dot, unless when asked for.  Accept
+	 * all entries found with "matchname". */
+	if ((p[0] != '.' || starts_with_dot
+			 || ((flags & EW_DODOT)
+			     && p[1] != NUL && (p[1] != '.' || p[2] != NUL)))
+		&& (matchname == NULL
+		  || (regmatch.regprog != NULL
+				     && vim_regexec(&regmatch, p, (colnr_T)0))
+		  || ((flags & EW_NOTWILD)
+		     && fnamencmp(path + (s - buf), p, e - s) == 0)))
+	{
+	    STRCPY(s, p);
+	    len = (int)STRLEN(buf);
+
+	    if (starstar && stardepth < 100)
+	    {
+		/* For "**" in the pattern first go deeper in the tree to
+		 * find matches. */
+		STRCPY(buf + len, "/**");
+		STRCPY(buf + len + 3, path_end);
+		++stardepth;
+		(void)dos_expandpath(gap, buf, len + 1, flags, TRUE);
+		--stardepth;
+	    }
+
+	    STRCPY(buf + len, path_end);
+	    if (mch_has_exp_wildcard(path_end))
+	    {
+		/* need to expand another component of the path */
+		/* remove backslashes for the remaining components only */
+		(void)dos_expandpath(gap, buf, len + 1, flags, FALSE);
+	    }
+	    else
+	    {
+		/* no more wildcards, check if there is a match */
+		/* remove backslashes for the remaining components only */
+		if (*path_end != 0)
+		    backslash_halve(buf + len + 1);
+		if (mch_getperm(buf) >= 0)	/* add existing file */
+		    addfile(gap, buf, flags);
+	    }
+	}
+
+	if (wn != NULL)
+	{
+	    vim_free(p);
+	    ok = FindNextFileW(hFind, &wfb);
+	}
+	else
+	    ok = FindNextFile(hFind, &fb);
+
+	/* If no more matches and no match was used, try expanding the name
+	 * itself.  Finds the long name of a short filename. */
+	if (!ok && matchname != NULL && gap->ga_len == start_len)
+	{
+	    STRCPY(s, matchname);
+	    FindClose(hFind);
+	    if (wn != NULL)
+	    {
+		vim_free(wn);
+		wn = enc_to_utf16(buf, NULL);
+		if (wn != NULL)
+		    hFind = FindFirstFileW(wn, &wfb);
+	    }
+	    if (wn == NULL)
+		hFind = FindFirstFile((LPCSTR)buf, &fb);
+	    ok = (hFind != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE);
+	    VIM_CLEAR(matchname);
+	}
+    }
+
+    FindClose(hFind);
+    vim_free(wn);
+    vim_free(buf);
+    vim_regfree(regmatch.regprog);
+    vim_free(matchname);
+
+    matches = gap->ga_len - start_len;
+    if (matches > 0)
+	qsort(((char_u **)gap->ga_data) + start_len, (size_t)matches,
+						   sizeof(char_u *), pstrcmp);
+    return matches;
+}
+
+    int
+mch_expandpath(
+    garray_T	*gap,
+    char_u	*path,
+    int		flags)		/* EW_* flags */
+{
+    return dos_expandpath(gap, path, 0, flags, FALSE);
+}
+# endif /* WIN3264 */
+
+#if (defined(UNIX) && !defined(VMS)) || defined(USE_UNIXFILENAME) \
+	|| defined(PROTO)
+/*
+ * Unix style wildcard expansion code.
+ * It's here because it's used both for Unix and Mac.
+ */
+    static int
+pstrcmp(const void *a, const void *b)
+{
+    return (pathcmp(*(char **)a, *(char **)b, -1));
+}
+
+/*
+ * Recursively expand one path component into all matching files and/or
+ * directories.  Adds matches to "gap".  Handles "*", "?", "[a-z]", "**", etc.
+ * "path" has backslashes before chars that are not to be expanded, starting
+ * at "path + wildoff".
+ * Return the number of matches found.
+ * NOTE: much of this is identical to dos_expandpath(), keep in sync!
+ */
+    int
+unix_expandpath(
+    garray_T	*gap,
+    char_u	*path,
+    int		wildoff,
+    int		flags,		/* EW_* flags */
+    int		didstar)	/* expanded "**" once already */
+{
+    char_u	*buf;
+    char_u	*path_end;
+    char_u	*p, *s, *e;
+    int		start_len = gap->ga_len;
+    char_u	*pat;
+    regmatch_T	regmatch;
+    int		starts_with_dot;
+    int		matches;
+    int		len;
+    int		starstar = FALSE;
+    static int	stardepth = 0;	    /* depth for "**" expansion */
+
+    DIR		*dirp;
+    struct dirent *dp;
+
+    /* Expanding "**" may take a long time, check for CTRL-C. */
+    if (stardepth > 0)
+    {
+	ui_breakcheck();
+	if (got_int)
+	    return 0;
+    }
+
+    /* make room for file name */
+    buf = alloc((int)STRLEN(path) + BASENAMELEN + 5);
+    if (buf == NULL)
+	return 0;
+
+    /*
+     * Find the first part in the path name that contains a wildcard.
+     * When EW_ICASE is set every letter is considered to be a wildcard.
+     * Copy it into "buf", including the preceding characters.
+     */
+    p = buf;
+    s = buf;
+    e = NULL;
+    path_end = path;
+    while (*path_end != NUL)
+    {
+	/* May ignore a wildcard that has a backslash before it; it will
+	 * be removed by rem_backslash() or file_pat_to_reg_pat() below. */
+	if (path_end >= path + wildoff && rem_backslash(path_end))
+	    *p++ = *path_end++;
+	else if (*path_end == '/')
+	{
+	    if (e != NULL)
+		break;
+	    s = p + 1;
+	}
+	else if (path_end >= path + wildoff
+			 && (vim_strchr((char_u *)"*?[{~$", *path_end) != NULL
+			     || (!p_fic && (flags & EW_ICASE)
+					     && isalpha(PTR2CHAR(path_end)))))
+	    e = p;
+	if (has_mbyte)
+	{
+	    len = (*mb_ptr2len)(path_end);
+	    STRNCPY(p, path_end, len);
+	    p += len;
+	    path_end += len;
+	}
+	else
+	    *p++ = *path_end++;
+    }
+    e = p;
+    *e = NUL;
+
+    /* Now we have one wildcard component between "s" and "e". */
+    /* Remove backslashes between "wildoff" and the start of the wildcard
+     * component. */
+    for (p = buf + wildoff; p < s; ++p)
+	if (rem_backslash(p))
+	{
+	    STRMOVE(p, p + 1);
+	    --e;
+	    --s;
+	}
+
+    /* Check for "**" between "s" and "e". */
+    for (p = s; p < e; ++p)
+	if (p[0] == '*' && p[1] == '*')
+	    starstar = TRUE;
+
+    /* convert the file pattern to a regexp pattern */
+    starts_with_dot = *s == '.';
+    pat = file_pat_to_reg_pat(s, e, NULL, FALSE);
+    if (pat == NULL)
+    {
+	vim_free(buf);
+	return 0;
+    }
+
+    /* compile the regexp into a program */
+    if (flags & EW_ICASE)
+	regmatch.rm_ic = TRUE;		/* 'wildignorecase' set */
+    else
+	regmatch.rm_ic = p_fic;	/* ignore case when 'fileignorecase' is set */
+    if (flags & (EW_NOERROR | EW_NOTWILD))
+	++emsg_silent;
+    regmatch.regprog = vim_regcomp(pat, RE_MAGIC);
+    if (flags & (EW_NOERROR | EW_NOTWILD))
+	--emsg_silent;
+    vim_free(pat);
+
+    if (regmatch.regprog == NULL && (flags & EW_NOTWILD) == 0)
+    {
+	vim_free(buf);
+	return 0;
+    }
+
+    /* If "**" is by itself, this is the first time we encounter it and more
+     * is following then find matches without any directory. */
+    if (!didstar && stardepth < 100 && starstar && e - s == 2
+							  && *path_end == '/')
+    {
+	STRCPY(s, path_end + 1);
+	++stardepth;
+	(void)unix_expandpath(gap, buf, (int)(s - buf), flags, TRUE);
+	--stardepth;
+    }
+
+    /* open the directory for scanning */
+    *s = NUL;
+    dirp = opendir(*buf == NUL ? "." : (char *)buf);
+
+    /* Find all matching entries */
+    if (dirp != NULL)
+    {
+	for (;;)
+	{
+	    dp = readdir(dirp);
+	    if (dp == NULL)
+		break;
+	    if ((dp->d_name[0] != '.' || starts_with_dot
+			|| ((flags & EW_DODOT)
+			    && dp->d_name[1] != NUL
+			    && (dp->d_name[1] != '.' || dp->d_name[2] != NUL)))
+		 && ((regmatch.regprog != NULL && vim_regexec(&regmatch,
+					     (char_u *)dp->d_name, (colnr_T)0))
+		   || ((flags & EW_NOTWILD)
+		     && fnamencmp(path + (s - buf), dp->d_name, e - s) == 0)))
+	    {
+		STRCPY(s, dp->d_name);
+		len = STRLEN(buf);
+
+		if (starstar && stardepth < 100)
+		{
+		    /* For "**" in the pattern first go deeper in the tree to
+		     * find matches. */
+		    STRCPY(buf + len, "/**");
+		    STRCPY(buf + len + 3, path_end);
+		    ++stardepth;
+		    (void)unix_expandpath(gap, buf, len + 1, flags, TRUE);
+		    --stardepth;
+		}
+
+		STRCPY(buf + len, path_end);
+		if (mch_has_exp_wildcard(path_end)) /* handle more wildcards */
+		{
+		    /* need to expand another component of the path */
+		    /* remove backslashes for the remaining components only */
+		    (void)unix_expandpath(gap, buf, len + 1, flags, FALSE);
+		}
+		else
+		{
+		    stat_T  sb;
+
+		    /* no more wildcards, check if there is a match */
+		    /* remove backslashes for the remaining components only */
+		    if (*path_end != NUL)
+			backslash_halve(buf + len + 1);
+		    /* add existing file or symbolic link */
+		    if ((flags & EW_ALLLINKS) ? mch_lstat((char *)buf, &sb) >= 0
+						      : mch_getperm(buf) >= 0)
+		    {
+#ifdef MACOS_CONVERT
+			size_t precomp_len = STRLEN(buf)+1;
+			char_u *precomp_buf =
+			    mac_precompose_path(buf, precomp_len, &precomp_len);
+
+			if (precomp_buf)
+			{
+			    mch_memmove(buf, precomp_buf, precomp_len);
+			    vim_free(precomp_buf);
+			}
+#endif
+			addfile(gap, buf, flags);
+		    }
+		}
+	    }
+	}
+
+	closedir(dirp);
+    }
+
+    vim_free(buf);
+    vim_regfree(regmatch.regprog);
+
+    matches = gap->ga_len - start_len;
+    if (matches > 0)
+	qsort(((char_u **)gap->ga_data) + start_len, matches,
+						   sizeof(char_u *), pstrcmp);
+    return matches;
+}
+#endif
+
+#if defined(FEAT_SEARCHPATH)
+/*
+ * Moves "*psep" back to the previous path separator in "path".
+ * Returns FAIL is "*psep" ends up at the beginning of "path".
+ */
+    static int
+find_previous_pathsep(char_u *path, char_u **psep)
+{
+    /* skip the current separator */
+    if (*psep > path && vim_ispathsep(**psep))
+	--*psep;
+
+    /* find the previous separator */
+    while (*psep > path)
+    {
+	if (vim_ispathsep(**psep))
+	    return OK;
+	MB_PTR_BACK(path, *psep);
+    }
+
+    return FAIL;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Returns TRUE if "maybe_unique" is unique wrt other_paths in "gap".
+ * "maybe_unique" is the end portion of "((char_u **)gap->ga_data)[i]".
+ */
+    static int
+is_unique(char_u *maybe_unique, garray_T *gap, int i)
+{
+    int	    j;
+    int	    candidate_len;
+    int	    other_path_len;
+    char_u  **other_paths = (char_u **)gap->ga_data;
+    char_u  *rival;
+
+    for (j = 0; j < gap->ga_len; j++)
+    {
+	if (j == i)
+	    continue;  /* don't compare it with itself */
+
+	candidate_len = (int)STRLEN(maybe_unique);
+	other_path_len = (int)STRLEN(other_paths[j]);
+	if (other_path_len < candidate_len)
+	    continue;  /* it's different when it's shorter */
+
+	rival = other_paths[j] + other_path_len - candidate_len;
+	if (fnamecmp(maybe_unique, rival) == 0
+		&& (rival == other_paths[j] || vim_ispathsep(*(rival - 1))))
+	    return FALSE;  /* match */
+    }
+
+    return TRUE;  /* no match found */
+}
+
+/*
+ * Split the 'path' option into an array of strings in garray_T.  Relative
+ * paths are expanded to their equivalent fullpath.  This includes the "."
+ * (relative to current buffer directory) and empty path (relative to current
+ * directory) notations.
+ *
+ * TODO: handle upward search (;) and path limiter (**N) notations by
+ * expanding each into their equivalent path(s).
+ */
+    static void
+expand_path_option(char_u *curdir, garray_T *gap)
+{
+    char_u	*path_option = *curbuf->b_p_path == NUL
+						  ? p_path : curbuf->b_p_path;
+    char_u	*buf;
+    char_u	*p;
+    int		len;
+
+    if ((buf = alloc((int)MAXPATHL)) == NULL)
+	return;
+
+    while (*path_option != NUL)
+    {
+	copy_option_part(&path_option, buf, MAXPATHL, " ,");
+
+	if (buf[0] == '.' && (buf[1] == NUL || vim_ispathsep(buf[1])))
+	{
+	    /* Relative to current buffer:
+	     * "/path/file" + "." -> "/path/"
+	     * "/path/file"  + "./subdir" -> "/path/subdir" */
+	    if (curbuf->b_ffname == NULL)
+		continue;
+	    p = gettail(curbuf->b_ffname);
+	    len = (int)(p - curbuf->b_ffname);
+	    if (len + (int)STRLEN(buf) >= MAXPATHL)
+		continue;
+	    if (buf[1] == NUL)
+		buf[len] = NUL;
+	    else
+		STRMOVE(buf + len, buf + 2);
+	    mch_memmove(buf, curbuf->b_ffname, len);
+	    simplify_filename(buf);
+	}
+	else if (buf[0] == NUL)
+	    /* relative to current directory */
+	    STRCPY(buf, curdir);
+	else if (path_with_url(buf))
+	    /* URL can't be used here */
+	    continue;
+	else if (!mch_isFullName(buf))
+	{
+	    /* Expand relative path to their full path equivalent */
+	    len = (int)STRLEN(curdir);
+	    if (len + (int)STRLEN(buf) + 3 > MAXPATHL)
+		continue;
+	    STRMOVE(buf + len + 1, buf);
+	    STRCPY(buf, curdir);
+	    buf[len] = PATHSEP;
+	    simplify_filename(buf);
+	}
+
+	if (ga_grow(gap, 1) == FAIL)
+	    break;
+
+# if defined(MSWIN)
+	/* Avoid the path ending in a backslash, it fails when a comma is
+	 * appended. */
+	len = (int)STRLEN(buf);
+	if (buf[len - 1] == '\\')
+	    buf[len - 1] = '/';
+# endif
+
+	p = vim_strsave(buf);
+	if (p == NULL)
+	    break;
+	((char_u **)gap->ga_data)[gap->ga_len++] = p;
+    }
+
+    vim_free(buf);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Returns a pointer to the file or directory name in "fname" that matches the
+ * longest path in "ga"p, or NULL if there is no match. For example:
+ *
+ *    path: /foo/bar/baz
+ *   fname: /foo/bar/baz/quux.txt
+ * returns:		 ^this
+ */
+    static char_u *
+get_path_cutoff(char_u *fname, garray_T *gap)
+{
+    int	    i;
+    int	    maxlen = 0;
+    char_u  **path_part = (char_u **)gap->ga_data;
+    char_u  *cutoff = NULL;
+
+    for (i = 0; i < gap->ga_len; i++)
+    {
+	int j = 0;
+
+	while ((fname[j] == path_part[i][j]
+# if defined(MSWIN)
+		|| (vim_ispathsep(fname[j]) && vim_ispathsep(path_part[i][j]))
+#endif
+			     ) && fname[j] != NUL && path_part[i][j] != NUL)
+	    j++;
+	if (j > maxlen)
+	{
+	    maxlen = j;
+	    cutoff = &fname[j];
+	}
+    }
+
+    /* skip to the file or directory name */
+    if (cutoff != NULL)
+	while (vim_ispathsep(*cutoff))
+	    MB_PTR_ADV(cutoff);
+
+    return cutoff;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Sorts, removes duplicates and modifies all the fullpath names in "gap" so
+ * that they are unique with respect to each other while conserving the part
+ * that matches the pattern. Beware, this is at least O(n^2) wrt "gap->ga_len".
+ */
+    static void
+uniquefy_paths(garray_T *gap, char_u *pattern)
+{
+    int		i;
+    int		len;
+    char_u	**fnames = (char_u **)gap->ga_data;
+    int		sort_again = FALSE;
+    char_u	*pat;
+    char_u      *file_pattern;
+    char_u	*curdir;
+    regmatch_T	regmatch;
+    garray_T	path_ga;
+    char_u	**in_curdir = NULL;
+    char_u	*short_name;
+
+    remove_duplicates(gap);
+    ga_init2(&path_ga, (int)sizeof(char_u *), 1);
+
+    /*
+     * We need to prepend a '*' at the beginning of file_pattern so that the
+     * regex matches anywhere in the path. FIXME: is this valid for all
+     * possible patterns?
+     */
+    len = (int)STRLEN(pattern);
+    file_pattern = alloc(len + 2);
+    if (file_pattern == NULL)
+	return;
+    file_pattern[0] = '*';
+    file_pattern[1] = NUL;
+    STRCAT(file_pattern, pattern);
+    pat = file_pat_to_reg_pat(file_pattern, NULL, NULL, TRUE);
+    vim_free(file_pattern);
+    if (pat == NULL)
+	return;
+
+    regmatch.rm_ic = TRUE;		/* always ignore case */
+    regmatch.regprog = vim_regcomp(pat, RE_MAGIC + RE_STRING);
+    vim_free(pat);
+    if (regmatch.regprog == NULL)
+	return;
+
+    if ((curdir = alloc((int)(MAXPATHL))) == NULL)
+	goto theend;
+    mch_dirname(curdir, MAXPATHL);
+    expand_path_option(curdir, &path_ga);
+
+    in_curdir = (char_u **)alloc_clear(gap->ga_len * sizeof(char_u *));
+    if (in_curdir == NULL)
+	goto theend;
+
+    for (i = 0; i < gap->ga_len && !got_int; i++)
+    {
+	char_u	    *path = fnames[i];
+	int	    is_in_curdir;
+	char_u	    *dir_end = gettail_dir(path);
+	char_u	    *pathsep_p;
+	char_u	    *path_cutoff;
+
+	len = (int)STRLEN(path);
+	is_in_curdir = fnamencmp(curdir, path, dir_end - path) == 0
+					     && curdir[dir_end - path] == NUL;
+	if (is_in_curdir)
+	    in_curdir[i] = vim_strsave(path);
+
+	/* Shorten the filename while maintaining its uniqueness */
+	path_cutoff = get_path_cutoff(path, &path_ga);
+
+	/* Don't assume all files can be reached without path when search
+	 * pattern starts with star star slash, so only remove path_cutoff
+	 * when possible. */
+	if (pattern[0] == '*' && pattern[1] == '*'
+		&& vim_ispathsep_nocolon(pattern[2])
+		&& path_cutoff != NULL
+		&& vim_regexec(&regmatch, path_cutoff, (colnr_T)0)
+		&& is_unique(path_cutoff, gap, i))
+	{
+	    sort_again = TRUE;
+	    mch_memmove(path, path_cutoff, STRLEN(path_cutoff) + 1);
+	}
+	else
+	{
+	    /* Here all files can be reached without path, so get shortest
+	     * unique path.  We start at the end of the path. */
+	    pathsep_p = path + len - 1;
+
+	    while (find_previous_pathsep(path, &pathsep_p))
+		if (vim_regexec(&regmatch, pathsep_p + 1, (colnr_T)0)
+			&& is_unique(pathsep_p + 1, gap, i)
+			&& path_cutoff != NULL && pathsep_p + 1 >= path_cutoff)
+		{
+		    sort_again = TRUE;
+		    mch_memmove(path, pathsep_p + 1, STRLEN(pathsep_p));
+		    break;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (mch_isFullName(path))
+	{
+	    /*
+	     * Last resort: shorten relative to curdir if possible.
+	     * 'possible' means:
+	     * 1. It is under the current directory.
+	     * 2. The result is actually shorter than the original.
+	     *
+	     *	    Before		  curdir	After
+	     *	    /foo/bar/file.txt	  /foo/bar	./file.txt
+	     *	    c:\foo\bar\file.txt   c:\foo\bar	.\file.txt
+	     *	    /file.txt		  /		/file.txt
+	     *	    c:\file.txt		  c:\		.\file.txt
+	     */
+	    short_name = shorten_fname(path, curdir);
+	    if (short_name != NULL && short_name > path + 1
+#if defined(MSWIN)
+		    /* On windows,
+		     *	    shorten_fname("c:\a\a.txt", "c:\a\b")
+		     * returns "\a\a.txt", which is not really the short
+		     * name, hence: */
+		    && !vim_ispathsep(*short_name)
+#endif
+		)
+	    {
+		STRCPY(path, ".");
+		add_pathsep(path);
+		STRMOVE(path + STRLEN(path), short_name);
+	    }
+	}
+	ui_breakcheck();
+    }
+
+    /* Shorten filenames in /in/current/directory/{filename} */
+    for (i = 0; i < gap->ga_len && !got_int; i++)
+    {
+	char_u *rel_path;
+	char_u *path = in_curdir[i];
+
+	if (path == NULL)
+	    continue;
+
+	/* If the {filename} is not unique, change it to ./{filename}.
+	 * Else reduce it to {filename} */
+	short_name = shorten_fname(path, curdir);
+	if (short_name == NULL)
+	    short_name = path;
+	if (is_unique(short_name, gap, i))
+	{
+	    STRCPY(fnames[i], short_name);
+	    continue;
+	}
+
+	rel_path = alloc((int)(STRLEN(short_name) + STRLEN(PATHSEPSTR) + 2));
+	if (rel_path == NULL)
+	    goto theend;
+	STRCPY(rel_path, ".");
+	add_pathsep(rel_path);
+	STRCAT(rel_path, short_name);
+
+	vim_free(fnames[i]);
+	fnames[i] = rel_path;
+	sort_again = TRUE;
+	ui_breakcheck();
+    }
+
+theend:
+    vim_free(curdir);
+    if (in_curdir != NULL)
+    {
+	for (i = 0; i < gap->ga_len; i++)
+	    vim_free(in_curdir[i]);
+	vim_free(in_curdir);
+    }
+    ga_clear_strings(&path_ga);
+    vim_regfree(regmatch.regprog);
+
+    if (sort_again)
+	remove_duplicates(gap);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Calls globpath() with 'path' values for the given pattern and stores the
+ * result in "gap".
+ * Returns the total number of matches.
+ */
+    static int
+expand_in_path(
+    garray_T	*gap,
+    char_u	*pattern,
+    int		flags)		/* EW_* flags */
+{
+    char_u	*curdir;
+    garray_T	path_ga;
+    char_u	*paths = NULL;
+    int		glob_flags = 0;
+
+    if ((curdir = alloc((unsigned)MAXPATHL)) == NULL)
+	return 0;
+    mch_dirname(curdir, MAXPATHL);
+
+    ga_init2(&path_ga, (int)sizeof(char_u *), 1);
+    expand_path_option(curdir, &path_ga);
+    vim_free(curdir);
+    if (path_ga.ga_len == 0)
+	return 0;
+
+    paths = ga_concat_strings(&path_ga, ",");
+    ga_clear_strings(&path_ga);
+    if (paths == NULL)
+	return 0;
+
+    if (flags & EW_ICASE)
+	glob_flags |= WILD_ICASE;
+    if (flags & EW_ADDSLASH)
+	glob_flags |= WILD_ADD_SLASH;
+    globpath(paths, pattern, gap, glob_flags);
+    vim_free(paths);
+
+    return gap->ga_len;
+}
+#endif
+
+#if defined(FEAT_SEARCHPATH) || defined(FEAT_CMDL_COMPL) || defined(PROTO)
+/*
+ * Sort "gap" and remove duplicate entries.  "gap" is expected to contain a
+ * list of file names in allocated memory.
+ */
+    void
+remove_duplicates(garray_T *gap)
+{
+    int	    i;
+    int	    j;
+    char_u  **fnames = (char_u **)gap->ga_data;
+
+    sort_strings(fnames, gap->ga_len);
+    for (i = gap->ga_len - 1; i > 0; --i)
+	if (fnamecmp(fnames[i - 1], fnames[i]) == 0)
+	{
+	    vim_free(fnames[i]);
+	    for (j = i + 1; j < gap->ga_len; ++j)
+		fnames[j - 1] = fnames[j];
+	    --gap->ga_len;
+	}
+}
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * Return TRUE if "p" contains what looks like an environment variable.
+ * Allowing for escaping.
+ */
+    static int
+has_env_var(char_u *p)
+{
+    for ( ; *p; MB_PTR_ADV(p))
+    {
+	if (*p == '\\' && p[1] != NUL)
+	    ++p;
+	else if (vim_strchr((char_u *)
+#if defined(MSWIN)
+				    "$%"
+#else
+				    "$"
+#endif
+					, *p) != NULL)
+	    return TRUE;
+    }
+    return FALSE;
+}
+
+#ifdef SPECIAL_WILDCHAR
+/*
+ * Return TRUE if "p" contains a special wildcard character, one that Vim
+ * cannot expand, requires using a shell.
+ */
+    static int
+has_special_wildchar(char_u *p)
+{
+    for ( ; *p; MB_PTR_ADV(p))
+    {
+	/* Allow for escaping. */
+	if (*p == '\\' && p[1] != NUL)
+	    ++p;
+	else if (vim_strchr((char_u *)SPECIAL_WILDCHAR, *p) != NULL)
+	    return TRUE;
+    }
+    return FALSE;
+}
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * Generic wildcard expansion code.
+ *
+ * Characters in "pat" that should not be expanded must be preceded with a
+ * backslash. E.g., "/path\ with\ spaces/my\*star*"
+ *
+ * Return FAIL when no single file was found.  In this case "num_file" is not
+ * set, and "file" may contain an error message.
+ * Return OK when some files found.  "num_file" is set to the number of
+ * matches, "file" to the array of matches.  Call FreeWild() later.
+ */
+    int
+gen_expand_wildcards(
+    int		num_pat,	/* number of input patterns */
+    char_u	**pat,		/* array of input patterns */
+    int		*num_file,	/* resulting number of files */
+    char_u	***file,	/* array of resulting files */
+    int		flags)		/* EW_* flags */
+{
+    int			i;
+    garray_T		ga;
+    char_u		*p;
+    static int		recursive = FALSE;
+    int			add_pat;
+    int			retval = OK;
+#if defined(FEAT_SEARCHPATH)
+    int			did_expand_in_path = FALSE;
+#endif
+
+    /*
+     * expand_env() is called to expand things like "~user".  If this fails,
+     * it calls ExpandOne(), which brings us back here.  In this case, always
+     * call the machine specific expansion function, if possible.  Otherwise,
+     * return FAIL.
+     */
+    if (recursive)
+#ifdef SPECIAL_WILDCHAR
+	return mch_expand_wildcards(num_pat, pat, num_file, file, flags);
+#else
+	return FAIL;
+#endif
+
+#ifdef SPECIAL_WILDCHAR
+    /*
+     * If there are any special wildcard characters which we cannot handle
+     * here, call machine specific function for all the expansion.  This
+     * avoids starting the shell for each argument separately.
+     * For `=expr` do use the internal function.
+     */
+    for (i = 0; i < num_pat; i++)
+    {
+	if (has_special_wildchar(pat[i])
+# ifdef VIM_BACKTICK
+		&& !(vim_backtick(pat[i]) && pat[i][1] == '=')
+# endif
+	   )
+	    return mch_expand_wildcards(num_pat, pat, num_file, file, flags);
+    }
+#endif
+
+    recursive = TRUE;
+
+    /*
+     * The matching file names are stored in a growarray.  Init it empty.
+     */
+    ga_init2(&ga, (int)sizeof(char_u *), 30);
+
+    for (i = 0; i < num_pat; ++i)
+    {
+	add_pat = -1;
+	p = pat[i];
+
+#ifdef VIM_BACKTICK
+	if (vim_backtick(p))
+	{
+	    add_pat = expand_backtick(&ga, p, flags);
+	    if (add_pat == -1)
+		retval = FAIL;
+	}
+	else
+#endif
+	{
+	    /*
+	     * First expand environment variables, "~/" and "~user/".
+	     */
+	    if (has_env_var(p) || *p == '~')
+	    {
+		p = expand_env_save_opt(p, TRUE);
+		if (p == NULL)
+		    p = pat[i];
+#ifdef UNIX
+		/*
+		 * On Unix, if expand_env() can't expand an environment
+		 * variable, use the shell to do that.  Discard previously
+		 * found file names and start all over again.
+		 */
+		else if (has_env_var(p) || *p == '~')
+		{
+		    vim_free(p);
+		    ga_clear_strings(&ga);
+		    i = mch_expand_wildcards(num_pat, pat, num_file, file,
+							 flags|EW_KEEPDOLLAR);
+		    recursive = FALSE;
+		    return i;
+		}
+#endif
+	    }
+
+	    /*
+	     * If there are wildcards: Expand file names and add each match to
+	     * the list.  If there is no match, and EW_NOTFOUND is given, add
+	     * the pattern.
+	     * If there are no wildcards: Add the file name if it exists or
+	     * when EW_NOTFOUND is given.
+	     */
+	    if (mch_has_exp_wildcard(p))
+	    {
+#if defined(FEAT_SEARCHPATH)
+		if ((flags & EW_PATH)
+			&& !mch_isFullName(p)
+			&& !(p[0] == '.'
+			    && (vim_ispathsep(p[1])
+				|| (p[1] == '.' && vim_ispathsep(p[2]))))
+		   )
+		{
+		    /* :find completion where 'path' is used.
+		     * Recursiveness is OK here. */
+		    recursive = FALSE;
+		    add_pat = expand_in_path(&ga, p, flags);
+		    recursive = TRUE;
+		    did_expand_in_path = TRUE;
+		}
+		else
+#endif
+		    add_pat = mch_expandpath(&ga, p, flags);
+	    }
+	}
+
+	if (add_pat == -1 || (add_pat == 0 && (flags & EW_NOTFOUND)))
+	{
+	    char_u	*t = backslash_halve_save(p);
+
+	    /* When EW_NOTFOUND is used, always add files and dirs.  Makes
+	     * "vim c:/" work. */
+	    if (flags & EW_NOTFOUND)
+		addfile(&ga, t, flags | EW_DIR | EW_FILE);
+	    else
+		addfile(&ga, t, flags);
+	    vim_free(t);
+	}
+
+#if defined(FEAT_SEARCHPATH)
+	if (did_expand_in_path && ga.ga_len > 0 && (flags & EW_PATH))
+	    uniquefy_paths(&ga, p);
+#endif
+	if (p != pat[i])
+	    vim_free(p);
+    }
+
+    *num_file = ga.ga_len;
+    *file = (ga.ga_data != NULL) ? (char_u **)ga.ga_data : (char_u **)"";
+
+    recursive = FALSE;
+
+    return ((flags & EW_EMPTYOK) || ga.ga_data != NULL) ? retval : FAIL;
+}
+
+# ifdef VIM_BACKTICK
+
+/*
+ * Return TRUE if we can expand this backtick thing here.
+ */
+    static int
+vim_backtick(char_u *p)
+{
+    return (*p == '`' && *(p + 1) != NUL && *(p + STRLEN(p) - 1) == '`');
+}
+
+/*
+ * Expand an item in `backticks` by executing it as a command.
+ * Currently only works when pat[] starts and ends with a `.
+ * Returns number of file names found, -1 if an error is encountered.
+ */
+    static int
+expand_backtick(
+    garray_T	*gap,
+    char_u	*pat,
+    int		flags)	/* EW_* flags */
+{
+    char_u	*p;
+    char_u	*cmd;
+    char_u	*buffer;
+    int		cnt = 0;
+    int		i;
+
+    /* Create the command: lop off the backticks. */
+    cmd = vim_strnsave(pat + 1, (int)STRLEN(pat) - 2);
+    if (cmd == NULL)
+	return -1;
+
+#ifdef FEAT_EVAL
+    if (*cmd == '=')	    /* `={expr}`: Expand expression */
+	buffer = eval_to_string(cmd + 1, &p, TRUE);
+    else
+#endif
+	buffer = get_cmd_output(cmd, NULL,
+				(flags & EW_SILENT) ? SHELL_SILENT : 0, NULL);
+    vim_free(cmd);
+    if (buffer == NULL)
+	return -1;
+
+    cmd = buffer;
+    while (*cmd != NUL)
+    {
+	cmd = skipwhite(cmd);		/* skip over white space */
+	p = cmd;
+	while (*p != NUL && *p != '\r' && *p != '\n') /* skip over entry */
+	    ++p;
+	/* add an entry if it is not empty */
+	if (p > cmd)
+	{
+	    i = *p;
+	    *p = NUL;
+	    addfile(gap, cmd, flags);
+	    *p = i;
+	    ++cnt;
+	}
+	cmd = p;
+	while (*cmd != NUL && (*cmd == '\r' || *cmd == '\n'))
+	    ++cmd;
+    }
+
+    vim_free(buffer);
+    return cnt;
+}
+# endif /* VIM_BACKTICK */
+
+/*
+ * Add a file to a file list.  Accepted flags:
+ * EW_DIR	add directories
+ * EW_FILE	add files
+ * EW_EXEC	add executable files
+ * EW_NOTFOUND	add even when it doesn't exist
+ * EW_ADDSLASH	add slash after directory name
+ * EW_ALLLINKS	add symlink also when the referred file does not exist
+ */
+    void
+addfile(
+    garray_T	*gap,
+    char_u	*f,	/* filename */
+    int		flags)
+{
+    char_u	*p;
+    int		isdir;
+    stat_T	sb;
+
+    /* if the file/dir/link doesn't exist, may not add it */
+    if (!(flags & EW_NOTFOUND) && ((flags & EW_ALLLINKS)
+			? mch_lstat((char *)f, &sb) < 0 : mch_getperm(f) < 0))
+	return;
+
+#ifdef FNAME_ILLEGAL
+    /* if the file/dir contains illegal characters, don't add it */
+    if (vim_strpbrk(f, (char_u *)FNAME_ILLEGAL) != NULL)
+	return;
+#endif
+
+    isdir = mch_isdir(f);
+    if ((isdir && !(flags & EW_DIR)) || (!isdir && !(flags & EW_FILE)))
+	return;
+
+    /* If the file isn't executable, may not add it.  Do accept directories.
+     * When invoked from expand_shellcmd() do not use $PATH. */
+    if (!isdir && (flags & EW_EXEC)
+			     && !mch_can_exe(f, NULL, !(flags & EW_SHELLCMD)))
+	return;
+
+    /* Make room for another item in the file list. */
+    if (ga_grow(gap, 1) == FAIL)
+	return;
+
+    p = alloc((unsigned)(STRLEN(f) + 1 + isdir));
+    if (p == NULL)
+	return;
+
+    STRCPY(p, f);
+#ifdef BACKSLASH_IN_FILENAME
+    slash_adjust(p);
+#endif
+    /*
+     * Append a slash or backslash after directory names if none is present.
+     */
+#ifndef DONT_ADD_PATHSEP_TO_DIR
+    if (isdir && (flags & EW_ADDSLASH))
+	add_pathsep(p);
+#endif
+    ((char_u **)gap->ga_data)[gap->ga_len++] = p;
+}
+#endif /* !NO_EXPANDPATH */
+
+#if defined(VIM_BACKTICK) || defined(FEAT_EVAL) || defined(PROTO)
+
+#ifndef SEEK_SET
+# define SEEK_SET 0
+#endif
+#ifndef SEEK_END
+# define SEEK_END 2
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * Get the stdout of an external command.
+ * If "ret_len" is NULL replace NUL characters with NL.  When "ret_len" is not
+ * NULL store the length there.
+ * Returns an allocated string, or NULL for error.
+ */
+    char_u *
+get_cmd_output(
+    char_u	*cmd,
+    char_u	*infile,	/* optional input file name */
+    int		flags,		/* can be SHELL_SILENT */
+    int		*ret_len)
+{
+    char_u	*tempname;
+    char_u	*command;
+    char_u	*buffer = NULL;
+    int		len;
+    int		i = 0;
+    FILE	*fd;
+
+    if (check_restricted() || check_secure())
+	return NULL;
+
+    /* get a name for the temp file */
+    if ((tempname = vim_tempname('o', FALSE)) == NULL)
+    {
+	emsg(_(e_notmp));
+	return NULL;
+    }
+
+    /* Add the redirection stuff */
+    command = make_filter_cmd(cmd, infile, tempname);
+    if (command == NULL)
+	goto done;
+
+    /*
+     * Call the shell to execute the command (errors are ignored).
+     * Don't check timestamps here.
+     */
+    ++no_check_timestamps;
+    call_shell(command, SHELL_DOOUT | SHELL_EXPAND | flags);
+    --no_check_timestamps;
+
+    vim_free(command);
+
+    /*
+     * read the names from the file into memory
+     */
+# ifdef VMS
+    /* created temporary file is not always readable as binary */
+    fd = mch_fopen((char *)tempname, "r");
+# else
+    fd = mch_fopen((char *)tempname, READBIN);
+# endif
+
+    if (fd == NULL)
+    {
+	semsg(_(e_notopen), tempname);
+	goto done;
+    }
+
+    fseek(fd, 0L, SEEK_END);
+    len = ftell(fd);		    /* get size of temp file */
+    fseek(fd, 0L, SEEK_SET);
+
+    buffer = alloc(len + 1);
+    if (buffer != NULL)
+	i = (int)fread((char *)buffer, (size_t)1, (size_t)len, fd);
+    fclose(fd);
+    mch_remove(tempname);
+    if (buffer == NULL)
+	goto done;
+#ifdef VMS
+    len = i;	/* VMS doesn't give us what we asked for... */
+#endif
+    if (i != len)
+    {
+	semsg(_(e_notread), tempname);
+	VIM_CLEAR(buffer);
+    }
+    else if (ret_len == NULL)
+    {
+	/* Change NUL into SOH, otherwise the string is truncated. */
+	for (i = 0; i < len; ++i)
+	    if (buffer[i] == NUL)
+		buffer[i] = 1;
+
+	buffer[len] = NUL;	/* make sure the buffer is terminated */
+    }
+    else
+	*ret_len = len;
+
+done:
+    vim_free(tempname);
+    return buffer;
+}
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * Free the list of files returned by expand_wildcards() or other expansion
+ * functions.
+ */
+    void
+FreeWild(int count, char_u **files)
+{
+    if (count <= 0 || files == NULL)
+	return;
+    while (count--)
+	vim_free(files[count]);
+    vim_free(files);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Return TRUE when need to go to Insert mode because of 'insertmode'.
+ * Don't do this when still processing a command or a mapping.
+ * Don't do this when inside a ":normal" command.
+ */
+    int
+goto_im(void)
+{
+    return (p_im && stuff_empty() && typebuf_typed());
+}
+
+/*
+ * Returns the isolated name of the shell in allocated memory:
+ * - Skip beyond any path.  E.g., "/usr/bin/csh -f" -> "csh -f".
+ * - Remove any argument.  E.g., "csh -f" -> "csh".
+ * But don't allow a space in the path, so that this works:
+ *   "/usr/bin/csh --rcfile ~/.cshrc"
+ * But don't do that for Windows, it's common to have a space in the path.
+ */
+    char_u *
+get_isolated_shell_name(void)
+{
+    char_u *p;
+
+#ifdef WIN3264
+    p = gettail(p_sh);
+    p = vim_strnsave(p, (int)(skiptowhite(p) - p));
+#else
+    p = skiptowhite(p_sh);
+    if (*p == NUL)
+    {
+	/* No white space, use the tail. */
+	p = vim_strsave(gettail(p_sh));
+    }
+    else
+    {
+	char_u  *p1, *p2;
+
+	/* Find the last path separator before the space. */
+	p1 = p_sh;
+	for (p2 = p_sh; p2 < p; MB_PTR_ADV(p2))
+	    if (vim_ispathsep(*p2))
+		p1 = p2 + 1;
+	p = vim_strnsave(p1, (int)(p - p1));
+    }
+#endif
+    return p;
+}