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diff --git a/runtime/doc/term.txt b/runtime/doc/term.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..024b7a7 --- /dev/null +++ b/runtime/doc/term.txt @@ -0,0 +1,990 @@ +*term.txt* For Vim version 8.1. Last change: 2019 Jan 19 + + + VIM REFERENCE MANUAL by Bram Moolenaar + + +Terminal information *terminal-info* + +Vim uses information about the terminal you are using to fill the screen and +recognize what keys you hit. If this information is not correct, the screen +may be messed up or keys may not be recognized. The actions which have to be +performed on the screen are accomplished by outputting a string of +characters. Special keys produce a string of characters. These strings are +stored in the terminal options, see |terminal-options|. + +NOTE: Most of this is not used when running the |GUI|. + +1. Startup |startup-terminal| +2. Terminal options |terminal-options| +3. Window size |window-size| +4. Slow and fast terminals |slow-fast-terminal| +5. Using the mouse |mouse-using| + +============================================================================== +1. Startup *startup-terminal* + +When Vim is started a default terminal type is assumed. For the Amiga this is +a standard CLI window, for MS-DOS the pc terminal, for Unix an ansi terminal. +A few other terminal types are always available, see below |builtin-terms|. + +You can give the terminal name with the '-T' Vim argument. If it is not given +Vim will try to get the name from the TERM environment variable. + + *termcap* *terminfo* *E557* *E558* *E559* +On Unix the terminfo database or termcap file is used. This is referred to as +"termcap" in all the documentation. At compile time, when running configure, +the choice whether to use terminfo or termcap is done automatically. When +running Vim the output of ":version" will show |+terminfo| if terminfo is +used. Also see |xterm-screens|. + +On non-Unix systems a termcap is only available if Vim was compiled with +TERMCAP defined. + + *builtin-terms* *builtin_terms* +Which builtin terminals are available depends on a few defines in feature.h, +which need to be set at compile time: + define output of ":version" terminals builtin ~ +NO_BUILTIN_TCAPS -builtin_terms none +SOME_BUILTIN_TCAPS +builtin_terms most common ones (default) +ALL_BUILTIN_TCAPS ++builtin_terms all available + +You can see a list of available builtin terminals with ":set term=xxx" (when +not running the GUI). Also see |+builtin_terms|. + +If the termcap code is included Vim will try to get the strings for the +terminal you are using from the termcap file and the builtin termcaps. Both +are always used, if an entry for the terminal you are using is present. Which +one is used first depends on the 'ttybuiltin' option: + +'ttybuiltin' on 1: builtin termcap 2: external termcap +'ttybuiltin' off 1: external termcap 2: builtin termcap + +If an option is missing in one of them, it will be obtained from the other +one. If an option is present in both, the one first encountered is used. + +Which external termcap file is used varies from system to system and may +depend on the environment variables "TERMCAP" and "TERMPATH". See "man +tgetent". + +Settings depending on terminal *term-dependent-settings* + +If you want to set options or mappings, depending on the terminal name, you +can do this best in your .vimrc. Example: > + + if &term == "xterm" + ... xterm maps and settings ... + elseif &term =~ "vt10." + ... vt100, vt102 maps and settings ... + endif +< + *raw-terminal-mode* +For normal editing the terminal will be put into "raw" mode. The strings +defined with 't_ti' and 't_ks' will be sent to the terminal. Normally this +puts the terminal in a state where the termcap codes are valid and activates +the cursor and function keys. When Vim exits the terminal will be put back +into the mode it was before Vim started. The strings defined with 't_te' and +'t_ke' will be sent to the terminal. On the Amiga, with commands that execute +an external command (e.g., "!!"), the terminal will be put into Normal mode +for a moment. This means that you can stop the output to the screen by +hitting a printing key. Output resumes when you hit <BS>. + + *xterm-bracketed-paste* +When the 't_BE' option is set then 't_BE' will be sent to the +terminal when entering "raw" mode and 't_BD' when leaving "raw" mode. The +terminal is then expected to put 't_PS' before pasted text and 't_PE' after +pasted text. This way Vim can separate text that is pasted from characters +that are typed. The pasted text is handled like when the middle mouse button +is used, it is inserted literally and not interpreted as commands. + +When the cursor is in the first column, the pasted text will be inserted +before it. Otherwise the pasted text is appended after the cursor position. +This means one cannot paste after the first column. Unfortunately Vim does +not have a way to tell where the mouse pointer was. + +Note that in some situations Vim will not recognize the bracketed paste and +you will get the raw text. In other situations Vim will only get the first +pasted character and drop the rest, e.g. when using the "r" command. If you +have a problem with this, disable bracketed paste by putting this in your +.vimrc: > + set t_BE= +If this is done while Vim is running the 't_BD' will be sent to the terminal +to disable bracketed paste. + +If your terminal supports bracketed paste, but the options are not set +automatically, you can try using something like this: > + + if &term =~ "screen" + let &t_BE = "\e[?2004h" + let &t_BD = "\e[?2004l" + exec "set t_PS=\e[200~" + exec "set t_PE=\e[201~" + endif +< + *cs7-problem* +Note: If the terminal settings are changed after running Vim, you might have +an illegal combination of settings. This has been reported on Solaris 2.5 +with "stty cs8 parenb", which is restored as "stty cs7 parenb". Use +"stty cs8 -parenb -istrip" instead, this is restored correctly. + +Some termcap entries are wrong in the sense that after sending 't_ks' the +cursor keys send codes different from the codes defined in the termcap. To +avoid this you can set 't_ks' (and 't_ke') to empty strings. This must be +done during initialization (see |initialization|), otherwise it's too late. + +Some termcap entries assume that the highest bit is always reset. For +example: The cursor-up entry for the Amiga could be ":ku=\E[A:". But the +Amiga really sends "\233A". This works fine if the highest bit is reset, +e.g., when using an Amiga over a serial line. If the cursor keys don't work, +try the entry ":ku=\233A:". + +Some termcap entries have the entry ":ku=\E[A:". But the Amiga really sends +"\233A". On output "\E[" and "\233" are often equivalent, on input they +aren't. You will have to change the termcap entry, or change the key code with +the :set command to fix this. + +Many cursor key codes start with an <Esc>. Vim must find out if this is a +single hit of the <Esc> key or the start of a cursor key sequence. It waits +for a next character to arrive. If it does not arrive within one second a +single <Esc> is assumed. On very slow systems this may fail, causing cursor +keys not to work sometimes. If you discover this problem reset the 'timeout' +option. Vim will wait for the next character to arrive after an <Esc>. If +you want to enter a single <Esc> you must type it twice. Resetting the +'esckeys' option avoids this problem in Insert mode, but you lose the +possibility to use cursor and function keys in Insert mode. + +On the Amiga the recognition of window resizing is activated only when the +terminal name is "amiga" or "builtin_amiga". + +Some terminals have confusing codes for the cursor keys. The televideo 925 is +such a terminal. It sends a CTRL-H for cursor-left. This would make it +impossible to distinguish a backspace and cursor-left. To avoid this problem +CTRL-H is never recognized as cursor-left. + + *vt100-cursor-keys* *xterm-cursor-keys* +Other terminals (e.g., vt100 and xterm) have cursor keys that send <Esc>OA, +<Esc>OB, etc. Unfortunately these are valid commands in insert mode: Stop +insert, Open a new line above the new one, start inserting 'A', 'B', etc. +Instead of performing these commands Vim will erroneously recognize this typed +key sequence as a cursor key movement. To avoid this and make Vim do what you +want in either case you could use these settings: > + :set notimeout " don't timeout on mappings + :set ttimeout " do timeout on terminal key codes + :set timeoutlen=100 " timeout after 100 msec +This requires the key-codes to be sent within 100 msec in order to recognize +them as a cursor key. When you type you normally are not that fast, so they +are recognized as individual typed commands, even though Vim receives the same +sequence of bytes. + + *vt100-function-keys* *xterm-function-keys* +An xterm can send function keys F1 to F4 in two modes: vt100 compatible or +not. Because Vim may not know what the xterm is sending, both types of keys +are recognized. The same happens for the <Home> and <End> keys. + normal vt100 ~ + <F1> t_k1 <Esc>[11~ <xF1> <Esc>OP *<xF1>-xterm* + <F2> t_k2 <Esc>[12~ <xF2> <Esc>OQ *<xF2>-xterm* + <F3> t_k3 <Esc>[13~ <xF3> <Esc>OR *<xF3>-xterm* + <F4> t_k4 <Esc>[14~ <xF4> <Esc>OS *<xF4>-xterm* + <Home> t_kh <Esc>[7~ <xHome> <Esc>OH *<xHome>-xterm* + <End> t_@7 <Esc>[4~ <xEnd> <Esc>OF *<xEnd>-xterm* + +When Vim starts, <xF1> is mapped to <F1>, <xF2> to <F2> etc. This means that +by default both codes do the same thing. If you make a mapping for <xF2>, +because your terminal does have two keys, the default mapping is overwritten, +thus you can use the <F2> and <xF2> keys for something different. + + *xterm-shifted-keys* +Newer versions of xterm support shifted function keys and special keys. Vim +recognizes most of them. Use ":set termcap" to check which are supported and +what the codes are. Mostly these are not in a termcap, they are only +supported by the builtin_xterm termcap. + + *xterm-modifier-keys* +Newer versions of xterm support Alt and Ctrl for most function keys. To avoid +having to add all combinations of Alt, Ctrl and Shift for every key a special +sequence is recognized at the end of a termcap entry: ";*X". The "X" can be +any character, often '~' is used. The ";*" stands for an optional modifier +argument. ";2" is Shift, ";3" is Alt, ";5" is Ctrl and ";9" is Meta (when +it's different from Alt). They can be combined. Examples: > + :set <F8>=^[[19;*~ + :set <Home>=^[[1;*H +Another speciality about these codes is that they are not overwritten by +another code. That is to avoid that the codes obtained from xterm directly +|t_RV| overwrite them. + *xterm-scroll-region* +The default termcap entry for xterm on Sun and other platforms does not +contain the entry for scroll regions. Add ":cs=\E[%i%d;%dr:" to the xterm +entry in /etc/termcap and everything should work. + + *xterm-end-home-keys* +On some systems (at least on FreeBSD with XFree86 3.1.2) the codes that the +<End> and <Home> keys send contain a <Nul> character. To make these keys send +the proper key code, add these lines to your ~/.Xdefaults file: + +*VT100.Translations: #override \n\ + <Key>Home: string("0x1b") string("[7~") \n\ + <Key>End: string("0x1b") string("[8~") + + *xterm-8bit* *xterm-8-bit* +Xterm can be run in a mode where it uses 8-bit escape sequences. The CSI code +is used instead of <Esc>[. The advantage is that an <Esc> can quickly be +recognized in Insert mode, because it can't be confused with the start of a +special key. +For the builtin termcap entries, Vim checks if the 'term' option contains +"8bit" anywhere. It then uses 8-bit characters for the termcap entries, the +mouse and a few other things. You would normally set $TERM in your shell to +"xterm-8bit" and Vim picks this up and adjusts to the 8-bit setting +automatically. +When Vim receives a response to the |t_RV| (request version) sequence and it +starts with CSI, it assumes that the terminal is in 8-bit mode and will +convert all key sequences to their 8-bit variants. + +============================================================================== +2. Terminal options *terminal-options* *termcap-options* *E436* + +The terminal options can be set just like normal options. But they are not +shown with the ":set all" command. Instead use ":set termcap". + +It is always possible to change individual strings by setting the +appropriate option. For example: > + :set t_ce=^V^[[K (CTRL-V, <Esc>, [, K) + +{Vi: no terminal options. You have to exit Vi, edit the termcap entry and +try again} + +The options are listed below. The associated termcap code is always equal to +the last two characters of the option name. Only one termcap code is +required: Cursor motion, 't_cm'. + +The options 't_da', 't_db', 't_ms', 't_xs', 't_xn' represent flags in the +termcap. When the termcap flag is present, the option will be set to "y". +But any non-empty string means that the flag is set. An empty string means +that the flag is not set. 't_CS' works like this too, but it isn't a termcap +flag. + +OUTPUT CODES *terminal-output-codes* + option meaning ~ + + t_AB set background color (ANSI) *t_AB* *'t_AB'* + t_AF set foreground color (ANSI) *t_AF* *'t_AF'* + t_AL add number of blank lines *t_AL* *'t_AL'* + t_al add new blank line *t_al* *'t_al'* + t_bc backspace character *t_bc* *'t_bc'* + t_cd clear to end of screen *t_cd* *'t_cd'* + t_ce clear to end of line *t_ce* *'t_ce'* + t_cl clear screen *t_cl* *'t_cl'* + t_cm cursor motion (required!) *E437* *t_cm* *'t_cm'* + t_Co number of colors *t_Co* *'t_Co'* + t_CS if non-empty, cursor relative to scroll region *t_CS* *'t_CS'* + t_cs define scrolling region *t_cs* *'t_cs'* + t_CV define vertical scrolling region *t_CV* *'t_CV'* + t_da if non-empty, lines from above scroll down *t_da* *'t_da'* + t_db if non-empty, lines from below scroll up *t_db* *'t_db'* + t_DL delete number of lines *t_DL* *'t_DL'* + t_dl delete line *t_dl* *'t_dl'* + t_fs set window title end (from status line) *t_fs* *'t_fs'* + t_ke exit "keypad transmit" mode *t_ke* *'t_ke'* + t_ks start "keypad transmit" mode *t_ks* *'t_ks'* + t_le move cursor one char left *t_le* *'t_le'* + t_mb blinking mode *t_mb* *'t_mb'* + t_md bold mode *t_md* *'t_md'* + t_me Normal mode (undoes t_mr, t_mb, t_md and color) *t_me* *'t_me'* + t_mr reverse (invert) mode *t_mr* *'t_mr'* + *t_ms* *'t_ms'* + t_ms if non-empty, cursor can be moved in standout/inverse mode + t_nd non destructive space character *t_nd* *'t_nd'* + t_op reset to original color pair *t_op* *'t_op'* + t_RI cursor number of chars right *t_RI* *'t_RI'* + t_Sb set background color *t_Sb* *'t_Sb'* + t_Sf set foreground color *t_Sf* *'t_Sf'* + t_se standout end *t_se* *'t_se'* + t_so standout mode *t_so* *'t_so'* + t_sr scroll reverse (backward) *t_sr* *'t_sr'* + t_te out of "termcap" mode *t_te* *'t_te'* + t_ti put terminal in "termcap" mode *t_ti* *'t_ti'* + t_ts set window title start (to status line) *t_ts* *'t_ts'* + t_ue underline end *t_ue* *'t_ue'* + t_us underline mode *t_us* *'t_us'* + t_ut clearing uses the current background color *t_ut* *'t_ut'* + t_vb visual bell *t_vb* *'t_vb'* + t_ve cursor visible *t_ve* *'t_ve'* + t_vi cursor invisible *t_vi* *'t_vi'* + t_vs cursor very visible (blink) *t_vs* *'t_vs'* + *t_xs* *'t_xs'* + t_xs if non-empty, standout not erased by overwriting (hpterm) + *t_xn* *'t_xn'* + t_xn if non-empty, writing a character at the last screen cell + does not cause scrolling + t_ZH italics mode *t_ZH* *'t_ZH'* + t_ZR italics end *t_ZR* *'t_ZR'* + +Added by Vim (there are no standard codes for these): + t_Ce undercurl end *t_Ce* *'t_Ce'* + t_Cs undercurl mode *t_Cs* *'t_Cs'* + t_Te strikethrough end *t_Te* *'t_Te'* + t_Ts strikethrough mode *t_Ts* *'t_Ts'* + t_IS set icon text start *t_IS* *'t_IS'* + t_IE set icon text end *t_IE* *'t_IE'* + t_WP set window position (Y, X) in pixels *t_WP* *'t_WP'* + t_GP get window position (Y, X) in pixels *t_GP* *'t_GP'* + t_WS set window size (height, width in cells) *t_WS* *'t_WS'* + t_VS cursor normally visible (no blink) *t_VS* *'t_VS'* + t_SI start insert mode (bar cursor shape) *t_SI* *'t_SI'* + t_SR start replace mode (underline cursor shape) *t_SR* *'t_SR'* + t_EI end insert or replace mode (block cursor shape) *t_EI* *'t_EI'* + |termcap-cursor-shape| + t_RV request terminal version string (for xterm) *t_RV* *'t_RV'* + The response is stored in |v:termresponse| + |xterm-8bit| |'ttymouse'| |xterm-codes| + t_u7 request cursor position (for xterm) *t_u7* *'t_u7'* + see |'ambiwidth'| + The response is stored in |v:termu7resp| + t_RF request terminal foreground color *t_RF* *'t_RF'* + The response is stored in |v:termrfgresp| + t_RB request terminal background color *t_RB* *'t_RB'* + The response is stored in |v:termrbgresp| + t_8f set foreground color (R, G, B) *t_8f* *'t_8f'* + |xterm-true-color| + t_8b set background color (R, G, B) *t_8b* *'t_8b'* + |xterm-true-color| + t_BE enable bracketed paste mode *t_BE* *'t_BE'* + |xterm-bracketed-paste| + t_BD disable bracketed paste mode *t_BD* *'t_BD'* + |xterm-bracketed-paste| + t_SC set cursor color start *t_SC* *'t_SC'* + t_EC set cursor color end *t_EC* *'t_EC'* + t_SH set cursor shape *t_SH* *'t_SH'* + t_RC request terminal cursor blinking *t_RC* *'t_RC'* + The response is stored in |v:termblinkresp| + t_RS request terminal cursor style *t_RS* *'t_RS'* + The response is stored in |v:termstyleresp| + t_ST save window title to stack *t_ST* *'t_ST'* + t_RT restore window title from stack *t_RT* *'t_RT'* + t_Si save icon text to stack *t_Si* *'t_Si'* + t_Ri restore icon text from stack *t_Ri* *'t_Ri'* + +Some codes have a start, middle and end part. The start and end are defined +by the termcap option, the middle part is text. + set title text: t_ts {title text} t_fs + set icon text: t_IS {icon text} t_IE + set cursor color: t_SC {color name} t_EC + +t_SH must take one argument: + 0, 1 or none blinking block cursor + 2 block cursor + 3 blinking underline cursor + 4 underline cursor + 5 blinking vertical bar cursor + 6 vertical bar cursor + +t_RS is sent only if the response to t_RV has been received. It is not used +on Mac OS when Terminal.app could be recognized from the termresponse. + + +KEY CODES *terminal-key-codes* +Note: Use the <> form if possible + + option name meaning ~ + + t_ku <Up> arrow up *t_ku* *'t_ku'* + t_kd <Down> arrow down *t_kd* *'t_kd'* + t_kr <Right> arrow right *t_kr* *'t_kr'* + t_kl <Left> arrow left *t_kl* *'t_kl'* + <xUp> alternate arrow up *<xUp>* + <xDown> alternate arrow down *<xDown>* + <xRight> alternate arrow right *<xRight>* + <xLeft> alternate arrow left *<xLeft>* + <S-Up> shift arrow up + <S-Down> shift arrow down + t_%i <S-Right> shift arrow right *t_%i* *'t_%i'* + t_#4 <S-Left> shift arrow left *t_#4* *'t_#4'* + t_k1 <F1> function key 1 *t_k1* *'t_k1'* + <xF1> alternate F1 *<xF1>* + t_k2 <F2> function key 2 *<F2>* *t_k2* *'t_k2'* + <xF2> alternate F2 *<xF2>* + t_k3 <F3> function key 3 *<F3>* *t_k3* *'t_k3'* + <xF3> alternate F3 *<xF3>* + t_k4 <F4> function key 4 *<F4>* *t_k4* *'t_k4'* + <xF4> alternate F4 *<xF4>* + t_k5 <F5> function key 5 *<F5>* *t_k5* *'t_k5'* + t_k6 <F6> function key 6 *<F6>* *t_k6* *'t_k6'* + t_k7 <F7> function key 7 *<F7>* *t_k7* *'t_k7'* + t_k8 <F8> function key 8 *<F8>* *t_k8* *'t_k8'* + t_k9 <F9> function key 9 *<F9>* *t_k9* *'t_k9'* + t_k; <F10> function key 10 *<F10>* *t_k;* *'t_k;'* + t_F1 <F11> function key 11 *<F11>* *t_F1* *'t_F1'* + t_F2 <F12> function key 12 *<F12>* *t_F2* *'t_F2'* + t_F3 <F13> function key 13 *<F13>* *t_F3* *'t_F3'* + t_F4 <F14> function key 14 *<F14>* *t_F4* *'t_F4'* + t_F5 <F15> function key 15 *<F15>* *t_F5* *'t_F5'* + t_F6 <F16> function key 16 *<F16>* *t_F6* *'t_F6'* + t_F7 <F17> function key 17 *<F17>* *t_F7* *'t_F7'* + t_F8 <F18> function key 18 *<F18>* *t_F8* *'t_F8'* + t_F9 <F19> function key 19 *<F19>* *t_F9* *'t_F9'* + <S-F1> shifted function key 1 + <S-xF1> alternate <S-F1> *<S-xF1>* + <S-F2> shifted function key 2 *<S-F2>* + <S-xF2> alternate <S-F2> *<S-xF2>* + <S-F3> shifted function key 3 *<S-F3>* + <S-xF3> alternate <S-F3> *<S-xF3>* + <S-F4> shifted function key 4 *<S-F4>* + <S-xF4> alternate <S-F4> *<S-xF4>* + <S-F5> shifted function key 5 *<S-F5>* + <S-F6> shifted function key 6 *<S-F6>* + <S-F7> shifted function key 7 *<S-F7>* + <S-F8> shifted function key 8 *<S-F8>* + <S-F9> shifted function key 9 *<S-F9>* + <S-F10> shifted function key 10 *<S-F10>* + <S-F11> shifted function key 11 *<S-F11>* + <S-F12> shifted function key 12 *<S-F12>* + t_%1 <Help> help key *t_%1* *'t_%1'* + t_&8 <Undo> undo key *t_&8* *'t_&8'* + t_kI <Insert> insert key *t_kI* *'t_kI'* + t_kD <Del> delete key *t_kD* *'t_kD'* + t_kb <BS> backspace key *t_kb* *'t_kb'* + t_kB <S-Tab> back-tab (shift-tab) *<S-Tab>* *t_kB* *'t_kB'* + t_kh <Home> home key *t_kh* *'t_kh'* + t_#2 <S-Home> shifted home key *<S-Home>* *t_#2* *'t_#2'* + <xHome> alternate home key *<xHome>* + t_@7 <End> end key *t_@7* *'t_@7'* + t_*7 <S-End> shifted end key *<S-End>* *t_star7* *'t_star7'* + <xEnd> alternate end key *<xEnd>* + t_kP <PageUp> page-up key *t_kP* *'t_kP'* + t_kN <PageDown> page-down key *t_kN* *'t_kN'* + t_K1 <kHome> keypad home key *t_K1* *'t_K1'* + t_K4 <kEnd> keypad end key *t_K4* *'t_K4'* + t_K3 <kPageUp> keypad page-up key *t_K3* *'t_K3'* + t_K5 <kPageDown> keypad page-down key *t_K5* *'t_K5'* + t_K6 <kPlus> keypad plus key *<kPlus>* *t_K6* *'t_K6'* + t_K7 <kMinus> keypad minus key *<kMinus>* *t_K7* *'t_K7'* + t_K8 <kDivide> keypad divide *<kDivide>* *t_K8* *'t_K8'* + t_K9 <kMultiply> keypad multiply *<kMultiply>* *t_K9* *'t_K9'* + t_KA <kEnter> keypad enter key *<kEnter>* *t_KA* *'t_KA'* + t_KB <kPoint> keypad decimal point *<kPoint>* *t_KB* *'t_KB'* + t_KC <k0> keypad 0 *<k0>* *t_KC* *'t_KC'* + t_KD <k1> keypad 1 *<k1>* *t_KD* *'t_KD'* + t_KE <k2> keypad 2 *<k2>* *t_KE* *'t_KE'* + t_KF <k3> keypad 3 *<k3>* *t_KF* *'t_KF'* + t_KG <k4> keypad 4 *<k4>* *t_KG* *'t_KG'* + t_KH <k5> keypad 5 *<k5>* *t_KH* *'t_KH'* + t_KI <k6> keypad 6 *<k6>* *t_KI* *'t_KI'* + t_KJ <k7> keypad 7 *<k7>* *t_KJ* *'t_KJ'* + t_KK <k8> keypad 8 *<k8>* *t_KK* *'t_KK'* + t_KL <k9> keypad 9 *<k9>* *t_KL* *'t_KL'* + <Mouse> leader of mouse code *<Mouse>* + *t_PS* *'t_PS'* + t_PS start of bracketed paste |xterm-bracketed-paste| + t_PE end of bracketed paste |xterm-bracketed-paste| *t_PE* *'t_PE'* + +Note about t_so and t_mr: When the termcap entry "so" is not present the +entry for "mr" is used. And vice versa. The same is done for "se" and "me". +If your terminal supports both inversion and standout mode, you can see two +different modes. If your terminal supports only one of the modes, both will +look the same. + + *keypad-comma* +The keypad keys, when they are not mapped, behave like the equivalent normal +key. There is one exception: if you have a comma on the keypad instead of a +decimal point, Vim will use a dot anyway. Use these mappings to fix that: > + :noremap <kPoint> , + :noremap! <kPoint> , +< *xterm-codes* +There is a special trick to obtain the key codes which currently only works +for xterm. When |t_RV| is defined and a response is received which indicates +an xterm with patchlevel 141 or higher, Vim uses special escape sequences to +request the key codes directly from the xterm. The responses are used to +adjust the various t_ codes. This avoids the problem that the xterm can +produce different codes, depending on the mode it is in (8-bit, VT102, +VT220, etc.). The result is that codes like <xF1> are no longer needed. +Note: This is only done on startup. If the xterm options are changed after +Vim has started, the escape sequences may not be recognized anymore. + + *xterm-true-color* +Vim supports using true colors in the terminal (taken from |highlight-guifg| +and |highlight-guibg|), given that the terminal supports this. To make this +work the 'termguicolors' option needs to be set. +See https://gist.github.com/XVilka/8346728 for a list of terminals that +support true colors. + +Sometimes setting 'termguicolors' is not enough and one has to set the |t_8f| +and |t_8b| options explicitly. Default values of these options are +"^[[38;2;%lu;%lu;%lum" and "^[[48;2;%lu;%lu;%lum" respectively, but it is only +set when `$TERM` is `xterm`. Some terminals accept the same sequences, but +with all semicolons replaced by colons (this is actually more compatible, but +less widely supported): > + let &t_8f = "\<Esc>[38:2:%lu:%lu:%lum" + let &t_8b = "\<Esc>[48:2:%lu:%lu:%lum" + +These options contain printf strings, with |printf()| (actually, its C +equivalent hence `l` modifier) invoked with the t_ option value and three +unsigned long integers that may have any value between 0 and 255 (inclusive) +representing red, green and blue colors respectively. + + *xterm-resize* +Window resizing with xterm only works if the allowWindowOps resource is +enabled. On some systems and versions of xterm it's disabled by default +because someone thought it would be a security issue. It's not clear if this +is actually the case. + +To overrule the default, put this line in your ~/.Xdefaults or +~/.Xresources: +> + XTerm*allowWindowOps: true + +And run "xrdb -merge .Xresources" to make it effective. You can check the +value with the context menu (right mouse button while CTRL key is pressed), +there should be a tick at allow-window-ops. + + *termcap-colors* +Note about colors: The 't_Co' option tells Vim the number of colors available. +When it is non-zero, the 't_AB' and 't_AF' options are used to set the color. +If one of these is not available, 't_Sb' and 't_Sf' are used. 't_me' is used +to reset to the default colors. + + *termcap-cursor-shape* *termcap-cursor-color* +When Vim enters Insert mode the 't_SI' escape sequence is sent. When Vim +enters Replace mode the 't_SR' escape sequence is sent if it is set, otherwise +'t_SI' is sent. When leaving Insert mode or Replace mode 't_EI' is used. This +can be used to change the shape or color of the cursor in Insert or Replace +mode. These are not standard termcap/terminfo entries, you need to set them +yourself. +Example for an xterm, this changes the color of the cursor: > + if &term =~ "xterm" + let &t_SI = "\<Esc>]12;purple\x7" + let &t_SR = "\<Esc>]12;red\x7" + let &t_EI = "\<Esc>]12;blue\x7" + endif +NOTE: When Vim exits the shape for Normal mode will remain. The shape from +before Vim started will not be restored. +{not available when compiled without the |+cursorshape| feature} + + *termcap-title* +The 't_ts' and 't_fs' options are used to set the window title if the terminal +allows title setting via sending strings. They are sent before and after the +title string, respectively. Similar 't_IS' and 't_IE' are used to set the +icon text. These are Vim-internal extensions of the Unix termcap, so they +cannot be obtained from an external termcap. However, the builtin termcap +contains suitable entries for xterm and iris-ansi, so you don't need to set +them here. + *hpterm* +If inversion or other highlighting does not work correctly, try setting the +'t_xs' option to a non-empty string. This makes the 't_ce' code be used to +remove highlighting from a line. This is required for "hpterm". Setting the +'weirdinvert' option has the same effect as making 't_xs' non-empty, and vice +versa. + + *scroll-region* +Some termcaps do not include an entry for 'cs' (scroll region), although the +terminal does support it. For example: xterm on a Sun. You can use the +builtin_xterm or define t_cs yourself. For example: > + :set t_cs=^V^[[%i%d;%dr +Where ^V is CTRL-V and ^[ is <Esc>. + +The vertical scroll region t_CV is not a standard termcap code. Vim uses it +internally in the GUI. But it can also be defined for a terminal, if you can +find one that supports it. The two arguments are the left and right column of +the region which to restrict the scrolling to. Just like t_cs defines the top +and bottom lines. Defining t_CV will make scrolling in vertically split +windows a lot faster. Don't set t_CV when t_da or t_db is set (text isn't +cleared when scrolling). + +Unfortunately it is not possible to deduce from the termcap how cursor +positioning should be done when using a scrolling region: Relative to the +beginning of the screen or relative to the beginning of the scrolling region. +Most terminals use the first method. A known exception is the MS-DOS console +(pcterm). The 't_CS' option should be set to any string when cursor +positioning is relative to the start of the scrolling region. It should be +set to an empty string otherwise. It defaults to "yes" when 'term' is +"pcterm". + +Note for xterm users: The shifted cursor keys normally don't work. You can + make them work with the xmodmap command and some mappings in Vim. + + Give these commands in the xterm: + xmodmap -e "keysym Up = Up F13" + xmodmap -e "keysym Down = Down F16" + xmodmap -e "keysym Left = Left F18" + xmodmap -e "keysym Right = Right F19" + + And use these mappings in Vim: + :map <t_F3> <S-Up> + :map! <t_F3> <S-Up> + :map <t_F6> <S-Down> + :map! <t_F6> <S-Down> + :map <t_F8> <S-Left> + :map! <t_F8> <S-Left> + :map <t_F9> <S-Right> + :map! <t_F9> <S-Right> + +Instead of, say, <S-Up> you can use any other command that you want to use the +shift-cursor-up key for. (Note: To help people that have a Sun keyboard with +left side keys F14 is not used because it is confused with the undo key; F15 +is not used, because it does a window-to-front; F17 is not used, because it +closes the window. On other systems you can probably use them.) + +============================================================================== +3. Window size *window-size* + +[This is about the size of the whole window Vim is using, not a window that is +created with the ":split" command.] + +If you are running Vim on an Amiga and the terminal name is "amiga" or +"builtin_amiga", the amiga-specific window resizing will be enabled. On Unix +systems three methods are tried to get the window size: + +- an ioctl call (TIOCGSIZE or TIOCGWINSZ, depends on your system) +- the environment variables "LINES" and "COLUMNS" +- from the termcap entries "li" and "co" + +If everything fails a default size of 24 lines and 80 columns is assumed. If +a window-resize signal is received the size will be set again. If the window +size is wrong you can use the 'lines' and 'columns' options to set the +correct values. + +One command can be used to set the screen size: + + *:mod* *:mode* *E359* +:mod[e] [mode] + +Without argument this only detects the screen size and redraws the screen. +With MS-DOS it is possible to switch screen mode. [mode] can be one of these +values: + "bw40" 40 columns black&white + "c40" 40 columns color + "bw80" 80 columns black&white + "c80" 80 columns color (most people use this) + "mono" 80 columns monochrome + "c4350" 43 or 50 lines EGA/VGA mode + number mode number to use, depends on your video card + +============================================================================== +4. Slow and fast terminals *slow-fast-terminal* + *slow-terminal* + +If you have a fast terminal you may like to set the 'ruler' option. The +cursor position is shown in the status line. If you are using horizontal +scrolling ('wrap' option off) consider setting 'sidescroll' to a small +number. + +If you have a slow terminal you may want to reset the 'showcmd' option. +The command characters will not be shown in the status line. If the terminal +scrolls very slowly, set the 'scrolljump' to 5 or so. If the cursor is moved +off the screen (e.g., with "j") Vim will scroll 5 lines at a time. Another +possibility is to reduce the number of lines that Vim uses with the command +"z{height}<CR>". + +If the characters from the terminal are arriving with more than 1 second +between them you might want to set the 'timeout' and/or 'ttimeout' option. +See the "Options" chapter |options|. + +If your terminal does not support a scrolling region, but it does support +insert/delete line commands, scrolling with multiple windows may make the +lines jump up and down. If you don't want this set the 'ttyfast' option. +This will redraw the window instead of scroll it. + +If your terminal scrolls very slowly, but redrawing is not slow, set the +'ttyscroll' option to a small number, e.g., 3. This will make Vim redraw the +screen instead of scrolling, when there are more than 3 lines to be scrolled. + +If you are using a color terminal that is slow, use this command: > + hi NonText cterm=NONE ctermfg=NONE +This avoids that spaces are sent when they have different attributes. On most +terminals you can't see this anyway. + +If you are using Vim over a slow serial line, you might want to try running +Vim inside the "screen" program. Screen will optimize the terminal I/O quite +a bit. + +If you are testing termcap options, but you cannot see what is happening, +you might want to set the 'writedelay' option. When non-zero, one character +is sent to the terminal at a time (does not work for MS-DOS). This makes the +screen updating a lot slower, making it possible to see what is happening. + +============================================================================== +5. Using the mouse *mouse-using* + +This section is about using the mouse on a terminal or a terminal window. How +to use the mouse in a GUI window is explained in |gui-mouse|. For scrolling +with a mouse wheel see |scroll-mouse-wheel|. + +Don't forget to enable the mouse with this command: > + :set mouse=a +Otherwise Vim won't recognize the mouse in all modes (See 'mouse'). + +Currently the mouse is supported for Unix in an xterm window, in a *BSD +console with |sysmouse|, in a Linux console (with GPM |gpm-mouse|), for +MS-DOS and in a Windows console. +Mouse clicks can be used to position the cursor, select an area and paste. + +These characters in the 'mouse' option tell in which situations the mouse will +be used by Vim: + n Normal mode + v Visual mode + i Insert mode + c Command-line mode + h all previous modes when in a help file + a all previous modes + r for |hit-enter| prompt + +The default for 'mouse' is empty, the mouse is not used. Normally you would +do: > + :set mouse=a +to start using the mouse (this is equivalent to setting 'mouse' to "nvich"). +If you only want to use the mouse in a few modes or also want to use it for +the two questions you will have to concatenate the letters for those modes. +For example: > + :set mouse=nv +Will make the mouse work in Normal mode and Visual mode. > + :set mouse=h +Will make the mouse work in help files only (so you can use "g<LeftMouse>" to +jump to tags). + +Whether the selection that is started with the mouse is in Visual mode or +Select mode depends on whether "mouse" is included in the 'selectmode' +option. + +In an xterm, with the currently active mode included in the 'mouse' option, +normal mouse clicks are used by Vim, mouse clicks with the shift or ctrl key +pressed go to the xterm. With the currently active mode not included in +'mouse' all mouse clicks go to the xterm. + + *xterm-clipboard* +In the Athena and Motif GUI versions, when running in a terminal and there is +access to the X-server (DISPLAY is set), the copy and paste will behave like +in the GUI. If not, the middle mouse button will insert the unnamed register. +In that case, here is how you copy and paste a piece of text: + +Copy/paste with the mouse and Visual mode ('mouse' option must be set, see +above): +1. Press left mouse button on first letter of text, move mouse pointer to last + letter of the text and release the button. This will start Visual mode and + highlight the selected area. +2. Press "y" to yank the Visual text in the unnamed register. +3. Click the left mouse button at the insert position. +4. Click the middle mouse button. + +Shortcut: If the insert position is on the screen at the same time as the +Visual text, you can do 2, 3 and 4 all in one: Click the middle mouse button +at the insert position. + +Note: When the |-X| command line argument is used, Vim will not connect to the +X server and copy/paste to the X clipboard (selection) will not work. Use the +shift key with the mouse buttons to let the xterm do the selection. + + *xterm-command-server* +When the X-server clipboard is available, the command server described in +|x11-clientserver| can be enabled with the --servername command line argument. + + *xterm-copy-paste* +NOTE: In some (older) xterms, it's not possible to move the cursor past column +95 or 223. This is an xterm problem, not Vim's. Get a newer xterm +|color-xterm|. Also see |'ttymouse'|. + +Copy/paste in xterm with (current mode NOT included in 'mouse'): +1. Press left mouse button on first letter of text, move mouse pointer to last + letter of the text and release the button. +2. Use normal Vim commands to put the cursor at the insert position. +3. Press "a" to start Insert mode. +4. Click the middle mouse button. +5. Press ESC to end Insert mode. +(The same can be done with anything in 'mouse' if you keep the shift key +pressed while using the mouse.) + +Note: if you lose the 8th bit when pasting (special characters are translated +into other characters), you may have to do "stty cs8 -istrip -parenb" in your +shell before starting Vim. + +Thus in an xterm the shift and ctrl keys cannot be used with the mouse. Mouse +commands requiring the CTRL modifier can be simulated by typing the "g" key +before using the mouse: + "g<LeftMouse>" is "<C-LeftMouse> (jump to tag under mouse click) + "g<RightMouse>" is "<C-RightMouse> ("CTRL-T") + + *mouse-mode-table* *mouse-overview* +A short overview of what the mouse buttons do, when 'mousemodel' is "extend": + +Normal Mode: +event position selection change action ~ + cursor window ~ +<LeftMouse> yes end yes +<C-LeftMouse> yes end yes "CTRL-]" (2) +<S-LeftMouse> yes no change yes "*" (2) *<S-LeftMouse>* +<LeftDrag> yes start or extend (1) no *<LeftDrag>* +<LeftRelease> yes start or extend (1) no +<MiddleMouse> yes if not active no put +<MiddleMouse> yes if active no yank and put +<RightMouse> yes start or extend yes +<A-RightMouse> yes start or extend blockw. yes *<A-RightMouse>* +<S-RightMouse> yes no change yes "#" (2) *<S-RightMouse>* +<C-RightMouse> no no change no "CTRL-T" +<RightDrag> yes extend no *<RightDrag>* +<RightRelease> yes extend no *<RightRelease>* + +Insert or Replace Mode: +event position selection change action ~ + cursor window ~ +<LeftMouse> yes (cannot be active) yes +<C-LeftMouse> yes (cannot be active) yes "CTRL-O^]" (2) +<S-LeftMouse> yes (cannot be active) yes "CTRL-O*" (2) +<LeftDrag> yes start or extend (1) no like CTRL-O (1) +<LeftRelease> yes start or extend (1) no like CTRL-O (1) +<MiddleMouse> no (cannot be active) no put register +<RightMouse> yes start or extend yes like CTRL-O +<A-RightMouse> yes start or extend blockw. yes +<S-RightMouse> yes (cannot be active) yes "CTRL-O#" (2) +<C-RightMouse> no (cannot be active) no "CTRL-O CTRL-T" + +In a help window: +event position selection change action ~ + cursor window ~ +<2-LeftMouse> yes (cannot be active) no "^]" (jump to help tag) + +When 'mousemodel' is "popup", these are different: + +Normal Mode: +event position selection change action ~ + cursor window ~ +<S-LeftMouse> yes start or extend (1) no +<A-LeftMouse> yes start or extend blockw. no *<A-LeftMouse>* +<RightMouse> no popup menu no + +Insert or Replace Mode: +event position selection change action ~ + cursor window ~ +<S-LeftMouse> yes start or extend (1) no like CTRL-O (1) +<A-LeftMouse> yes start or extend blockw. no +<RightMouse> no popup menu no + +(1) only if mouse pointer moved since press +(2) only if click is in same buffer + +Clicking the left mouse button causes the cursor to be positioned. If the +click is in another window that window is made the active window. When +editing the command-line the cursor can only be positioned on the +command-line. When in Insert mode Vim remains in Insert mode. If 'scrolloff' +is set, and the cursor is positioned within 'scrolloff' lines from the window +border, the text is scrolled. + +A selection can be started by pressing the left mouse button on the first +character, moving the mouse to the last character, then releasing the mouse +button. You will not always see the selection until you release the button, +only in some versions (GUI, MS-DOS, WIN32) will the dragging be shown +immediately. Note that you can make the text scroll by moving the mouse at +least one character in the first/last line in the window when 'scrolloff' is +non-zero. + +In Normal, Visual and Select mode clicking the right mouse button causes the +Visual area to be extended. When 'mousemodel' is "popup", the left button has +to be used while keeping the shift key pressed. When clicking in a window +which is editing another buffer, the Visual or Select mode is stopped. + +In Normal, Visual and Select mode clicking the right mouse button with the alt +key pressed causes the Visual area to become blockwise. When 'mousemodel' is +"popup" the left button has to be used with the alt key. Note that this won't +work on systems where the window manager consumes the mouse events when the +alt key is pressed (it may move the window). + + *double-click* +Double, triple and quadruple clicks are supported when the GUI is active, +for MS-DOS and Win32, and for an xterm (if the gettimeofday() function is +available). For selecting text, extra clicks extend the selection: + click select ~ + double word or % match *<2-LeftMouse>* + triple line *<3-LeftMouse>* + quadruple rectangular block *<4-LeftMouse>* +Exception: In a Help window a double click jumps to help for the word that is +clicked on. +A double click on a word selects that word. 'iskeyword' is used to specify +which characters are included in a word. A double click on a character +that has a match selects until that match (like using "v%"). If the match is +an #if/#else/#endif block, the selection becomes linewise. +For MS-DOS and xterm the time for double clicking can be set with the +'mousetime' option. For the other systems this time is defined outside of +Vim. +An example, for using a double click to jump to the tag under the cursor: > + :map <2-LeftMouse> :exe "tag ". expand("<cword>")<CR> + +Dragging the mouse with a double click (button-down, button-up, button-down +and then drag) will result in whole words to be selected. This continues +until the button is released, at which point the selection is per character +again. + + *gpm-mouse* +The GPM mouse is only supported when the |+mouse_gpm| feature was enabled at +compile time. The GPM mouse driver (Linux console) does not support quadruple +clicks. + +In Insert mode, when a selection is started, Vim goes into Normal mode +temporarily. When Visual or Select mode ends, it returns to Insert mode. +This is like using CTRL-O in Insert mode. Select mode is used when the +'selectmode' option contains "mouse". + *sysmouse* +The sysmouse is only supported when the |+mouse_sysmouse| feature was enabled +at compile time. The sysmouse driver (*BSD console) does not support keyboard +modifiers. + + *drag-status-line* +When working with several windows, the size of the windows can be changed by +dragging the status line with the mouse. Point the mouse at a status line, +press the left button, move the mouse to the new position of the status line, +release the button. Just clicking the mouse in a status line makes that window +the current window, without moving the cursor. If by selecting a window it +will change position or size, the dragging of the status line will look +confusing, but it will work (just try it). + + *<MiddleRelease>* *<MiddleDrag>* +Mouse clicks can be mapped. The codes for mouse clicks are: + code mouse button normal action ~ + <LeftMouse> left pressed set cursor position + <LeftDrag> left moved while pressed extend selection + <LeftRelease> left released set selection end + <MiddleMouse> middle pressed paste text at cursor position + <MiddleDrag> middle moved while pressed - + <MiddleRelease> middle released - + <RightMouse> right pressed extend selection + <RightDrag> right moved while pressed extend selection + <RightRelease> right released set selection end + <X1Mouse> X1 button pressed - *X1Mouse* + <X1Drag> X1 moved while pressed - *X1Drag* + <X1Release> X1 button release - *X1Release* + <X2Mouse> X2 button pressed - *X2Mouse* + <X2Drag> X2 moved while pressed - *X2Drag* + <X2Release> X2 button release - *X2Release* + +The X1 and X2 buttons refer to the extra buttons found on some mice. The +'Microsoft Explorer' mouse has these buttons available to the right thumb. +Currently X1 and X2 only work on Win32 and X11 environments. + +Examples: > + :noremap <MiddleMouse> <LeftMouse><MiddleMouse> +Paste at the position of the middle mouse button click (otherwise the paste +would be done at the cursor position). > + + :noremap <LeftRelease> <LeftRelease>y +Immediately yank the selection, when using Visual mode. + +Note the use of ":noremap" instead of "map" to avoid a recursive mapping. +> + :map <X1Mouse> <C-O> + :map <X2Mouse> <C-I> +Map the X1 and X2 buttons to go forwards and backwards in the jump list, see +|CTRL-O| and |CTRL-I|. + + *mouse-swap-buttons* +To swap the meaning of the left and right mouse buttons: > + :noremap <LeftMouse> <RightMouse> + :noremap <LeftDrag> <RightDrag> + :noremap <LeftRelease> <RightRelease> + :noremap <RightMouse> <LeftMouse> + :noremap <RightDrag> <LeftDrag> + :noremap <RightRelease> <LeftRelease> + :noremap g<LeftMouse> <C-RightMouse> + :noremap g<RightMouse> <C-LeftMouse> + :noremap! <LeftMouse> <RightMouse> + :noremap! <LeftDrag> <RightDrag> + :noremap! <LeftRelease> <RightRelease> + :noremap! <RightMouse> <LeftMouse> + :noremap! <RightDrag> <LeftDrag> + :noremap! <RightRelease> <LeftRelease> +< + vim:tw=78:ts=8:noet:ft=help:norl: |