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diff --git a/docs/manual/glossary.html.en b/docs/manual/glossary.html.en new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9a747fb --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/manual/glossary.html.en @@ -0,0 +1,515 @@ +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?> +<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> +<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="en" xml:lang="en"><head> +<meta content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1" http-equiv="Content-Type" /> +<!-- + XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX + This file is generated from xml source: DO NOT EDIT + XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX + --> +<title>Glossary - Apache HTTP Server Version 2.4</title> +<link href="./style/css/manual.css" rel="stylesheet" media="all" type="text/css" title="Main stylesheet" /> +<link href="./style/css/manual-loose-100pc.css" rel="alternate stylesheet" media="all" type="text/css" title="No Sidebar - Default font size" /> +<link href="./style/css/manual-print.css" rel="stylesheet" media="print" type="text/css" /><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="./style/css/prettify.css" /> +<script src="./style/scripts/prettify.min.js" type="text/javascript"> +</script> + +<link href="./images/favicon.ico" rel="shortcut icon" /></head> +<body id="manual-page" class="no-sidebar"><div id="page-header"> +<p class="menu"><a href="./mod/">Modules</a> | <a href="./mod/directives.html">Directives</a> | <a href="http://wiki.apache.org/httpd/FAQ">FAQ</a> | <a href="./glossary.html">Glossary</a> | <a href="./sitemap.html">Sitemap</a></p> +<p class="apache">Apache HTTP Server Version 2.4</p> +<img alt="" src="./images/feather.png" /></div> +<div class="up"><a href="./"><img title="<-" alt="<-" src="./images/left.gif" /></a></div> +<div id="path"> +<a href="http://www.apache.org/">Apache</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/">HTTP Server</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/">Documentation</a> > <a href="./">Version 2.4</a></div><div id="page-content"><div id="preamble"><h1>Glossary</h1> +<div class="toplang"> +<p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="./de/glossary.html" hreflang="de" rel="alternate" title="Deutsch"> de </a> | +<a href="./en/glossary.html" title="English"> en </a> | +<a href="./es/glossary.html" hreflang="es" rel="alternate" title="Español"> es </a> | +<a href="./fr/glossary.html" hreflang="fr" rel="alternate" title="Français"> fr </a> | +<a href="./ja/glossary.html" hreflang="ja" rel="alternate" title="Japanese"> ja </a> | +<a href="./ko/glossary.html" hreflang="ko" rel="alternate" title="Korean"> ko </a> | +<a href="./tr/glossary.html" hreflang="tr" rel="alternate" title="Türkçe"> tr </a></p> +</div> + + <p>This glossary defines some of the common terminology related to Apache in + particular, and web serving in general. More information on each concept + is provided in the links.</p> + </div> +<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div> +<div class="section"> +<h2><a name="definitions" id="definitions">Definitions</a></h2> + + <dl> + <dt><a name="accesscontrol" id="accesscontrol">Access Control</a></dt> + <dd>The restriction of access to network realms. In an Apache context + usually the restriction of access to certain <em>URLs</em>.<br /> See: <a href="howto/auth.html">Authentication, Authorization, and Access + Control</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="algorithm" id="algorithm">Algorithm</a></dt> + <dd>An unambiguous formula or set of rules for solving a problem in a finite + number of steps. Algorithms for encryption are usually called + <dfn>Ciphers</dfn>. + </dd> + + <dt><a name="apacheextensiontool" id="apacheextensiontool">APache + eXtension Tool</a> <a name="apxs" id="apxs">(apxs)</a></dt> + <dd>A perl script that aids in compiling <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#module" title="see glossary">module</a> sources into Dynamic Shared Objects + (<a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#dso" title="see glossary">DSO</a>s) and helps install them in the + Apache Web server.<br /> + See: Manual Page: <code class="program"><a href="./programs/apxs.html">apxs</a></code> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="apacheportableruntime" id="apacheportableruntime">Apache Portable Runtime</a> <a name="apr" id="apr">(APR)</a></dt> + <dd>A set of libraries providing many of the basic interfaces + between the server and the operating system. APR is developed + parallel to the Apache HTTP Server as an independent project.<br /> + See: <a href="http://apr.apache.org/">Apache Portable Runtime + Project</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="authentication" id="authentication">Authentication</a></dt> + <dd>The positive identification of a network entity such as a server, a + client, or a user.<br /> + See: <a href="howto/auth.html">Authentication, Authorization, and Access + Control</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="certificate" id="certificate">Certificate</a></dt> + <dd>A data record used for authenticating network entities such + as a server or a client. A certificate contains X.509 information pieces + about its owner (called the subject) and the signing <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#certificationauthority" title="see glossary">Certification Authority</a> (called + the issuer), plus the owner's <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#publickey" title="see glossary">public + key</a> and the + signature made by the CA. Network entities verify these signatures + using CA certificates.<br /> + See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="certificatsigningrequest" id="certificatsigningrequest">Certificate Signing Request</a> + <a name="csr" id="csr">(CSR)</a></dt> + <dd>An unsigned <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#certificate" title="see glossary">certificate</a> for + submission to a <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#certificationauthority" title="see glossary">Certification + Authority</a>, which signs it with the <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#privatekey" title="see glossary">Private Key</a> of their CA + <em>Certificate</em>. Once the CSR is signed, it becomes a real + certificate.<br /> + See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="certificationauthority" id="certificationauthority">Certification Authority</a> + <a name="ca" id="ca">(CA)</a></dt> + <dd>A trusted third party whose purpose is to sign certificates for network + entities it has authenticated using secure means. Other network entities + can check the signature to verify that a CA has authenticated the bearer + of a certificate.<br /> + See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="cipher" id="cipher">Cipher</a></dt> + <dd>An algorithm or system for data encryption. Examples are DES, IDEA, RC4, + etc.<br /> + See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="ciphertext" id="ciphertext">Ciphertext</a></dt> + <dd>The result after <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#plaintext" title="see glossary">Plaintext</a> is + passed through a <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#cipher" title="see glossary">Cipher</a>.<br /> See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="commongatewayinterface" id="commongatewayinterface">Common + Gateway Interface</a> <a name="cgi" id="cgi">(CGI)</a></dt> + <dd>A standard definition for an interface between a web server and an + external program that allows the external program to service requests. + There is an <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3875">Informational + RFC</a> which covers the specifics.<br /> + See: <a href="howto/cgi.html">Dynamic Content with CGI</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="configurationdirective" id="configurationdirective">Configuration Directive</a></dt> + <dd>See: <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#directive" title="see glossary">Directive</a></dd> + + <dt><a name="configurationfile" id="configurationfile">Configuration + File</a></dt> + <dd>A text file containing <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#directive" title="see glossary">Directives</a> + that control the configuration of Apache.<br /> + See: <a href="configuring.html">Configuration Files</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="connect" id="connect">CONNECT</a></dt> + <dd>An HTTP <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#method" title="see glossary">method</a> for proxying raw data + channels over HTTP. It can be used to encapsulate other protocols, such as + the SSL protocol. + </dd> + + <dt><a name="context" id="context">Context</a></dt> + <dd>An area in the <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#configurationfile" title="see glossary">configuration + files</a> where certain types of <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#directive" title="see glossary">directives</a> are allowed.<br /> + See: <a href="mod/directive-dict.html#Context">Terms Used to Describe + Apache Directives</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="digitalsignature" id="digitalsignature">Digital + Signature</a></dt> + <dd>An encrypted text block that validates a certificate or other file. A + <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#certificationauthority" title="see glossary">Certification Authority</a> + creates a signature by generating a hash of the <em>Public Key</em> + embedded in a <em>Certificate</em>, then encrypting the hash with its own + <em>Private Key</em>. Only the CA's public key can decrypt the signature, + verifying that the CA has authenticated the network entity that owns the + <em>Certificate</em>.<br /> + See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="directive" id="directive">Directive</a></dt> + <dd>A configuration command that controls one or more aspects of Apache's + behavior. Directives are placed in the <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#configurationfile" title="see glossary">Configuration File</a><br /> + See: <a href="mod/directives.html">Directive Index</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="dynamicsharedobject" id="dynamicsharedobject">Dynamic + Shared Object</a> <a name="dso" id="dso">(DSO)</a></dt> + <dd><a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#module" title="see glossary">Modules</a> compiled separately from the + Apache <code class="program"><a href="./programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code> binary that can be loaded on-demand.<br /> + See: <a href="dso.html">Dynamic Shared Object Support</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="environmentvariable" id="environmentvariable">Environment + Variable</a> <a name="env-variable" id="env-variable">(env-variable)</a></dt> + <dd>Named variables managed by the operating system shell and used to store + information and communicate between programs. Apache also contains + internal variables that are referred to as environment variables, but are + stored in internal Apache structures, rather than in the shell + environment.<br /> + See: <a href="env.html">Environment Variables in Apache</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="export-crippled" id="export-crippled">Export-Crippled</a></dt> + <dd>Diminished in cryptographic strength (and security) in order to comply + with the United States' Export Administration Regulations (EAR). + Export-crippled cryptographic software is limited to a small key size, + resulting in <em>Ciphertext</em> which usually can be decrypted by brute + force.<br /> + See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="filter" id="filter">Filter</a></dt> + <dd>A process that is applied to data that is sent or received by the + server. Input filters process data sent by the client to the server, + while output filters process documents on the server before they are sent + to the client. For example, the <code>INCLUDES</code> output filter + processes documents for <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#ssi" title="see glossary">Server Side + Includes</a>.<br /> + See: <a href="filter.html">Filters</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="fully-qualifieddomain-name" id="fully-qualifieddomain-name">Fully-Qualified Domain-Name</a> + <a name="fqdn" id="fqdn">(FQDN)</a></dt> + <dd>The unique name of a network entity, consisting of a hostname and a + domain name that can resolve to an IP address. For example, + <code>www</code> is a hostname, <code>example.com</code> is a domain name, + and <code>www.example.com</code> is a fully-qualified domain name. + </dd> + + <dt><a name="handler" id="handler">Handler</a></dt> + <dd>An internal Apache representation of the action to be performed when a + file is called. Generally, files have implicit handlers, based on the file + type. Normally, all files are simply served by the server, but certain + file types are "handled" separately. For example, the + <code>cgi-script</code> handler designates files to be processed as + <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#cgi" title="see glossary">CGIs</a>.<br /> + See: <a href="handler.html">Apache's Handler Use</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="hash" id="hash">Hash</a></dt> + <dd>A mathematical one-way, irreversible algorithm generating a string with + fixed-length from another string of any length. Different input strings + will usually produce different hashes (depending on the hash function). + </dd> + + <dt><a name="header" id="header">Header</a></dt> + <dd>The part of the <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#http" title="see glossary">HTTP</a> request and + response that is sent before the actual content, and that contains + meta-information describing the content. + </dd> + + <dt><a name="htaccess" id="htaccess">.htaccess</a></dt> + <dd>A <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#configurationfile" title="see glossary">configuration file</a> that + is placed inside the web tree and applies configuration <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#directive" title="see glossary">directives</a> to the directory where it is + placed and all sub-directories. Despite its name, this file can hold + almost any type of directive, not just access-control directives.<br /> + See: <a href="configuring.html">Configuration Files</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="httpd.conf" id="httpd.conf">httpd.conf</a></dt> + <dd>The main Apache <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#configurationfile" title="see glossary">configuration + file</a>. The default location is + <code>/usr/local/apache2/conf/httpd.conf</code>, but it may be moved using + run-time or compile-time configuration.<br /> + See: <a href="configuring.html">Configuration Files</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="hypertexttransferprotocol" id="hypertexttransferprotocol">HyperText Transfer Protocol</a> + <a name="http" id="hhtp">(HTTP)</a></dt> + <dd>The standard transmission protocol used on the World Wide Web. Apache + implements version 1.1 of the protocol, referred to as HTTP/1.1 and + defined by <a href="http://ietf.org/rfc/rfc2616.txt">RFC 2616</a>. + </dd> + + <dt><a name="https" id="https">HTTPS</a></dt> + <dd>The HyperText Transfer Protocol (Secure), the standard encrypted + communication mechanism on the World Wide Web. This is actually just HTTP + over <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#ssl" title="see glossary">SSL</a>.<br /> + See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="method" id="method">Method</a></dt> + <dd>In the context of <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#http" title="see glossary">HTTP</a>, an action to + perform on a resource, specified on the request line by the client. Some + of the methods available in HTTP are <code>GET</code>, <code>POST</code>, + and <code>PUT</code>. + </dd> + + <dt><a name="messagedigest" id="messagedigest">Message Digest</a></dt> + <dd>A hash of a message, which can be used to verify that the contents of + the message have not been altered in transit.<br /> + See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="mime-type" id="mime-type">MIME-type</a></dt> + <dd>A way to describe the kind of document being transmitted. Its name + comes from that fact that its format is borrowed from the Multipurpose + Internet Mail Extensions. It consists of a major type and a minor type, + separated by a slash. Some examples are <code>text/html</code>, + <code>image/gif</code>, and <code>application/octet-stream</code>. In + HTTP, the MIME-type is transmitted in the <code>Content-Type</code> + <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#header" title="see glossary">header</a>.<br /> + See: <a href="mod/mod_mime.html">mod_mime</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="module" id="module">Module</a></dt> + <dd>An independent part of a program. Much of Apache's functionality is + contained in modules that you can choose to include or exclude. Modules + that are compiled into the Apache <code class="program"><a href="./programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code> binary are + called <dfn>static modules</dfn>, while modules that are stored + separately and can be optionally loaded at run-time are called + <dfn>dynamic modules</dfn> or <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#dso" title="see glossary">DSOs</a>. + Modules that are included by default + are called <dfn>base modules</dfn>. Many modules are available for Apache + that are not distributed as part of the Apache HTTP Server <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#tarball" title="see glossary">tarball</a>. These are referred to as + <dfn>third-party modules</dfn>.<br /> + See: <a href="mod/">Module Index</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="modulemagicnumber" id="modulemagicnumber">Module Magic + Number</a> (<a name="mmn" id="mmn">MMN</a>)</dt> + <dd>Module Magic Number is a constant defined in the Apache source code that + is associated with binary compatibility of modules. It is changed when + internal Apache structures, function calls and other significant parts of + API change in such a way that binary compatibility cannot be guaranteed + any more. On MMN change, all third party modules have to be at least + recompiled, sometimes even slightly changed in order to work with the new + version of Apache. + </dd> + + <dt><a name="openssl" id="openssl">OpenSSL</a></dt> + <dd>The Open Source toolkit for SSL/TLS<br /> + See <a href="http://www.openssl.org/">http://www.openssl.org/</a># + </dd> + + <dt><a name="passphrase" id="passphrase">Pass Phrase</a></dt> + <dd>The word or phrase that protects private key files. It prevents + unauthorized users from encrypting them. Usually it's just the secret + encryption/decryption key used for <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#cipher" title="see glossary">Ciphers</a>.<br /> + See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="plaintext" id="plaintext">Plaintext</a></dt> + <dd>The unencrypted text.</dd> + + <dt><a name="privatekey" id="privatekey">Private Key</a></dt> + <dd>The secret key in a <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#publickeycryptography" title="see glossary">Public Key + Cryptography</a> system, used to decrypt incoming messages and + sign outgoing ones.<br /> + See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="proxy" id="proxy">Proxy</a></dt> + <dd>An intermediate server that sits between the client and the <em>origin + server</em>. It accepts requests from clients, transmits those requests + on to the origin server, and then returns the response from the origin + server to the client. If several clients request the same content, the + proxy can deliver that content from its cache, rather than requesting it + from the origin server each time, thereby reducing response time.<br /> + See: <a href="mod/mod_proxy.html">mod_proxy</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="publickey" id="publickey">Public Key</a></dt> + <dd>The publicly available key in a <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#publickeycryptography" title="see glossary">Public Key Cryptography</a> system, + used to encrypt messages bound for its owner and to decrypt signatures + made by its owner.<br /> + See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="publickeycryptography" id="publickeycryptography">Public Key Cryptography</a></dt> + <dd>The study and application of asymmetric encryption systems, which use + one key for encryption and another for decryption. A corresponding pair of + such keys constitutes a key pair. Also called Asymmetric Cryptography. + <br /> + See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="regularexpression" id="regularexpression">Regular Expression</a> + <a name="regex" id="regex">(Regex)</a></dt> + <dd>A way of describing a pattern in text - for example, "all the words that + begin with the letter A" or "every 10-digit phone number" or even "Every + sentence with two commas in it, and no capital letter Q". Regular + expressions are useful in Apache because they let you apply certain + attributes against collections of files or resources in very flexible ways + - for example, all .gif and .jpg files under any "images" directory could + be written as "<code>/images/.*(jpg|gif)$</code>". In places where + regular expressions are used to replace strings, the special variables + $1 ... $9 contain backreferences to the grouped parts (in parentheses) of + the matched expression. The special variable $0 contains a backreference + to the whole matched expression. To write a literal dollar sign in a + replacement string, it can be escaped with a backslash. Historically, the + variable & could be used as alias for $0 in some places. This is no + longer possible since version 2.3.6. Apache uses Perl Compatible Regular + Expressions provided by the <a href="http://www.pcre.org/">PCRE</a> + library. You can find more documentation about PCRE's regular expression + syntax at that site, or at + <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PCRE">Wikipedia</a>. + </dd> + + <dt><a name="reverseproxy" id="reverseproxy">Reverse Proxy</a></dt> + <dd>A <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#proxy" title="see glossary">proxy</a> server that appears to the client + as if it is an <em>origin server</em>. This is useful to hide the real + origin server from the client for security reasons, or to load balance. + </dd> + + <dt><a name="securesocketslayer" id="securesocketslayer">Secure Sockets + Layer</a> <a name="ssl" id="ssl">(SSL)</a></dt> + <dd>A protocol created by Netscape Communications Corporation for general + communication authentication and encryption over TCP/IP networks. The most + popular usage is <em>HTTPS</em>, i.e. the HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP) + over SSL.<br /> + See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="servernameindication" id="servernameindication">Server Name + Indication</a> <a name="sni" id="sni">(SNI)</a></dt> + <dd>An SSL function that allows passing the desired server + hostname in the initial SSL handshake message, so that the web + server can select the correct virtual host configuration to use + in processing the SSL handshake. It was added to SSL starting + with the TLS extensions, RFC 3546. <br /> + See: <a href="ssl/ssl_faq.html">the SSL FAQ</a> + and <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3546.txt">RFC 3546</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="serversideincludes" id="serversideincludes">Server Side + Includes</a> <a name="ssi" id="ssi">(SSI)</a></dt> + <dd>A technique for embedding processing directives inside HTML files.<br /> + See: <a href="howto/ssi.html">Introduction to Server Side Includes</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="session" id="session">Session</a></dt> + <dd>The context information of a communication in general.</dd> + + <dt><a name="ssleay" id="ssleay">SSLeay</a></dt> + <dd>The original SSL/TLS implementation library developed by Eric A. + Young + </dd> + + <dt><a name="subrequest" id="subrequest">Subrequest</a></dt> + <dd>Apache provides a subrequest API to modules that allows other + filesystem or URL paths to be partially or fully evaluated by + the server. Example consumers of this API are + <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_dir.html#directoryindex">DirectoryIndex</a></code>, + <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_autoindex.html">mod_autoindex</a></code>, and <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_include.html">mod_include</a></code>. + </dd> + + <dt><a name="symmetriccryptophraphy" id="symmetriccryptophraphy">Symmetric + Cryptography</a></dt> + <dd>The study and application of <em>Ciphers</em> that use a single secret key + for both encryption and decryption operations.<br /> + See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="tarball" id="tarball">Tarball</a></dt> + <dd>A package of files gathered together using the <code>tar</code> utility. + Apache distributions are stored in compressed tar archives or using + pkzip. + </dd> + + <dt><a name="transportlayersecurity" id="transportlayersecurity">Transport + Layer Security</a> <a name="tls" id="tls">(TLS)</a></dt> + <dd>The successor protocol to SSL, created by the Internet Engineering Task + Force (IETF) for general communication authentication and encryption over + TCP/IP networks. TLS version 1 is nearly identical with SSL version 3.<br /> + See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="uniformresourcelocator" id="uniformresourcelocator">Uniform + Resource Locator</a> <a name="url" id="url">(URL)</a></dt> + <dd>The name/address of a resource on the Internet. This is the common + informal term for what is formally called a <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#uniformresourceidentifier" title="see glossary">Uniform Resource Identifier</a>. + URLs are usually made up of a scheme, like <code>http</code> or + <code>https</code>, a hostname, and a path. A URL for this page might + be <code>http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/glossary.html</code>. + </dd> + + <dt><a name="uniformresourceidentifier" id="uniformresourceidentifier">Uniform Resource Identifier</a> + <a name="URI" id="URI">(URI)</a></dt> + <dd>A compact string of characters for identifying an abstract or physical + resource. It is formally defined by <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2396.txt">RFC 2396</a>. URIs used on the + world-wide web are commonly referred to as <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#url" title="see glossary">URLs</a>. + </dd> + + <dt><a name="virtualhosting" id="virtualhosting">Virtual Hosting</a></dt> + <dd>Serving multiple websites using a single instance of Apache. <em>IP + virtual hosting</em> differentiates between websites based on their IP + address, while <em>name-based virtual hosting</em> uses only the name of the + host and can therefore host many sites on the same IP address.<br /> + See: <a href="vhosts/">Apache Virtual Host documentation</a> + </dd> + + <dt><a name="x.509" id="x.509">X.509</a></dt> + <dd>An authentication certificate scheme recommended by the International + Telecommunication Union (ITU-T) which is used for SSL/TLS authentication.<br /> See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a> + </dd> + </dl> +</div></div> +<div class="bottomlang"> +<p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="./de/glossary.html" hreflang="de" rel="alternate" title="Deutsch"> de </a> | +<a href="./en/glossary.html" title="English"> en </a> | +<a href="./es/glossary.html" hreflang="es" rel="alternate" title="Español"> es </a> | +<a href="./fr/glossary.html" hreflang="fr" rel="alternate" title="Français"> fr </a> | +<a href="./ja/glossary.html" hreflang="ja" rel="alternate" title="Japanese"> ja </a> | +<a href="./ko/glossary.html" hreflang="ko" rel="alternate" title="Korean"> ko </a> | +<a href="./tr/glossary.html" hreflang="tr" rel="alternate" title="Türkçe"> tr </a></p> +</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img src="./images/up.gif" alt="top" /></a></div><div class="section"><h2><a id="comments_section" name="comments_section">Comments</a></h2><div class="warning"><strong>Notice:</strong><br />This is not a Q&A section. 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