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F)-.15 F .579 (or each)-.15 F F3(name)3.079 E F0 .579(in the ar)3.079 F .579 (gument list for which no)-.18 F F3(value)3.079 E F0 .578(is sup-)3.078 F 1.313(plied, the name and v)144 524.4 R 1.314 (alue of the alias is printed.)-.25 F F2(Alias)6.314 E F0 1.314 (returns true unless a)3.814 F F3(name)3.814 E F0 1.314(is gi)3.814 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.814(nf).15 G(or)-3.814 E (which no alias has been de\214ned.)144 536.4 Q F2(bg)108 553.2 Q F0([) 2.5 E F3(jobspec)A F0(...])2.5 E .745(Resume each suspended job)144 565.2 R F3(jobspec)3.245 E F0 .745 (in the background, as if it had been started with)3.245 F F2(&)3.244 E F0 5.744(.I)C(f)-5.744 E F3(job-)4.984 E(spec)144 577.2 Q F0 .671 (is not present, the shell')3.481 F 3.171(sn)-.55 G .672(otion of the) -3.171 F F3(curr)3.172 E .672(ent job)-.37 F F0 .672(is used.)3.172 F F2 (bg)5.672 E F3(jobspec)4.912 E F0 .672(returns 0 unless run)3.482 F .419 (when job control is disabled or)144 589.2 R 2.919(,w)-.4 G .419 (hen run with job control enabled, an)-2.919 F 2.918(ys)-.15 G (peci\214ed)-2.918 E F3(jobspec)2.918 E F0 -.1(wa)2.918 G 2.918(sn).1 G (ot)-2.918 E(found or w)144 601.2 Q(as started without job control.)-.1 E F2(bind)108 618 Q F0([)2.5 E F2A F3 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(\255lpsvPSVX)-2.5 E F0(])A F2(bind)108 630 Q F0([)2.5 E F2 A F3 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F3 (function)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F3(function)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F3 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(])A F2(bind)108 642 Q F0([) 2.5 E F2A F3 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0(])A F22.5 E F3 (\214lename)2.5 E F2(bind)108 654 Q F0([)2.5 E F2A F3 -.1(ke)2.5 G (ymap)-.2 E F0(])A F22.5 E F3 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(:)A F3 (shell\255command)A F2(bind)108 666 Q F0([)2.5 E F2A F3 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0(])A F3 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(:)A F3 (function\255name)A F2(bind)108 678 Q F0([)2.5 E F2A F3 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0(])A F3 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(:)A F3 -.37(re)C (adline\255command).37 E F0 .238(Display current)144 690 R F2 -.18(re) 2.738 G(adline).18 E F0 -.1(ke)2.738 G 2.738(ya)-.05 G .239 (nd function bindings, bind a k)-2.738 F .539 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .239 (equence to a).15 F F2 -.18(re)2.739 G(adline).18 E F0 .239(function or) 2.739 F .476(macro, or set a)144 702 R F2 -.18(re)2.976 G(adline).18 E F0 -.25(va)2.976 G 2.976(riable. Each).25 F .476(non-option ar)2.976 F .475(gument is a command as it w)-.18 F .475(ould appear in)-.1 F F3 (.inputr)144 714 Q(c)-.37 E F0 2.983(,b).31 G .484 (ut each binding or command must be passed as a separate ar)-3.183 F .484(gument; e.g., '"\\C\255x\\C\255r":)-.18 F 2.5 (re\255read\255init\255\214le'. Options,)144 726 R(if supplied, ha)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)149.565 E(1)203.725 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 2 2 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 87.61 (TINS\(1\) General)-.92 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)90.11 G(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF144 84 Q/F2 10 /Times-Italic@0 SF -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0(Use)180 96 Q F2 -.1(ke) 5.159 G(ymap)-.2 E F0 2.659(as the k)5.349 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.658 (map to be af).15 F 2.658(fected by the subsequent bindings.)-.25 F (Acceptable)7.658 E F2 -.1(ke)180 108 S(ymap)-.2 E F0 3.192(names are) 5.882 F F2 3.192(emacs, emacs\255standar)5.692 F 3.193 (d, emacs\255meta, emacs\255ctlx, vi, vi\255mo)-.37 F(ve)-.1 E(,)-.1 E (vi\255command)180 120 Q F0 4.114(,a)C(nd)-4.114 E F2(vi\255insert)4.114 E F0(.).68 E F2(vi)6.614 E F0 1.613(is equi)4.114 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.613 (lent to).25 F F2(vi\255command)4.113 E F0(\()4.113 E F2(vi\255mo)A(ve) -.1 E F0 1.613(is also a syn-)4.113 F(on)180 132 Q(ym\);)-.15 E F2 (emacs)2.5 E F0(is equi)2.5 E -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F2 (emacs\255standar)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0(.)A F1144 144 Q F0 (List the names of all)180 144 Q F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0 (functions.)2.5 E F1144 156 Q F0(Display)180 156 Q F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0(function names and bindings in such a w)2.5 E (ay that the)-.1 E 2.5(yc)-.15 G(an be re-read.)-2.5 E F1144 168 Q F0(List current)180 168 Q F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0 (function names and bindings.)2.5 E F1144 180 Q F0(Display)180 180 Q F1 -.18(re)3.655 G(adline).18 E F0 -.1(ke)3.655 G 3.655(ys)-.05 G 1.155(equences bound to macros and the strings the)-3.655 F 3.655(yo) -.15 G 1.155(utput in such a)-3.655 F -.1(wa)180 192 S 2.5(yt).1 G (hat the)-2.5 E 2.5(yc)-.15 G(an be re-read.)-2.5 E F1144 204 Q F0 (Display)180 204 Q F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0 -.1(ke)2.5 G 2.5(ys) -.05 G(equences bound to macros and the strings the)-2.5 E 2.5(yo)-.15 G (utput.)-2.5 E F1144 216 Q F0(Display)180 216 Q F1 -.18(re)2.5 G (adline).18 E F0 -.25(va)2.5 G(riable names and v).25 E (alues in such a w)-.25 E(ay that the)-.1 E 2.5(yc)-.15 G (an be re-read.)-2.5 E F1144 228 Q F0(List current)180 228 Q F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0 -.25(va)2.5 G(riable names and v).25 E (alues.)-.25 E F1144 240 Q F2(\214lename)2.5 E F0(Read k)180 252 Q .3 -.15(ey b)-.1 H(indings from).15 E F2(\214lename)2.5 E F0(.)A F1 144 264 Q F2(function)2.5 E F0(Query about which k)180 276 Q -.15 (ey)-.1 G 2.5(si).15 G -1.9 -.4(nv o)-2.5 H .2 -.1(ke t).4 H(he named).1 E F2(function)2.5 E F0(.)A F1144 288 Q F2(function)2.5 E F0 (Unbind all k)180 300 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.5(sb).15 G(ound to the named) -2.5 E F2(function)2.5 E F0(.)A F1144 312 Q F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq) -.2 E F0(Remo)180 324 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.15 H .3 -.15(ny c).15 H (urrent binding for).15 E F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(.)A F1144 336 Q F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F1(:)A F2(shell\255command)A F0(Cause) 180 348 Q F2(shell\255command)4.325 E F0 1.825(to be e)4.325 F -.15(xe) -.15 G 1.825(cuted whene).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(r).15 E F2 -.1(ke)4.325 G (yseq)-.2 E F0 1.825(is entered.)4.325 F(When)6.825 E F2(shell\255com-) 4.325 E(mand)180 360 Q F0 1.764(is e)4.264 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.765 (cuted, the shell sets the).15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(READLINE_LINE) 4.265 E F0 -.25(va)4.015 G 1.765(riable to the contents of the).25 F F1 -.18(re)180 372 S(adline).18 E F0 1.353(line b)3.853 F(uf)-.2 E 1.353 (fer and the)-.25 F F3(READLINE_POINT)3.853 E F0 -.25(va)3.603 G 1.353 (riable to the current location of the).25 F 2.011(insertion point.)180 384 R 2.011(If the e)7.011 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.011 (cuted command changes the v).15 F 2.011(alue of)-.25 F F3 (READLINE_LINE)4.512 E F0(or)4.262 E F3(READLINE_POINT)180 396 Q/F4 9 /Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0(those ne)2.25 E 2.5(wv)-.25 G (alues will be re\215ected in the editing state.)-2.75 E F1144 408 Q F0 .83(List all k)180 408 R 1.13 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .829 (equences bound to shell commands and the associated commands in a for) .15 F(-)-.2 E(mat that can be reused as input.)180 420 Q(The return v) 144 436.8 Q(alue is 0 unless an unrecognized option is gi)-.25 E -.15 (ve)-.25 G 2.5(no).15 G 2.5(ra)-2.5 G 2.5(ne)-2.5 G(rror occurred.)-2.5 E F1(br)108 453.6 Q(eak)-.18 E F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A .054 (Exit from within a)144 465.6 R F1 -.25(fo)2.554 G(r).25 E F0(,)A F1 (while)2.554 E F0(,)A F1(until)2.555 E F0 2.555(,o)C(r)-2.555 E F1 (select)2.555 E F0 2.555(loop. 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The)-.15 F .214(return v)2.714 F(alue)-.25 E(is 0 unless)144 489.6 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0(is not greater than or equal to 1.)2.5 E F1 -.2 (bu)108 506.4 S(iltin).2 E F2(shell\255b)2.5 E(uiltin)-.2 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A(Ex)144 518.4 Q .792 (ecute the speci\214ed shell b)-.15 F .792(uiltin, passing it)-.2 F F2 (ar)3.293 E(guments)-.37 E F0 3.293(,a).27 G .793(nd return its e)-3.293 F .793(xit status.)-.15 F .793(This is useful)5.793 F .616 (when de\214ning a function whose name is the same as a shell b)144 530.4 R .615(uiltin, retaining the functionality of)-.2 F .57(the b)144 542.4 R .57(uiltin within the function.)-.2 F(The)5.57 E F1(cd)3.07 E F0 -.2(bu)3.07 G .57(iltin is commonly rede\214ned this w).2 F(ay)-.1 E 5.57(.T)-.65 G .57(he return status)-5.57 F(is f)144 554.4 Q(alse if)-.1 E F2(shell\255b)2.84 E(uiltin)-.2 E F0(is not a shell b)2.74 E (uiltin command.)-.2 E F1(caller)108 571.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)C(pr) .2 E F0(])A .254(Returns the conte)144 583.2 R .254(xt of an)-.15 F 2.754(ya)-.15 G(cti)-2.754 E .554 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .254 (ubroutine call \(a shell function or a script e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .254(cuted with the).15 F F1(.)2.753 E F0(or)2.753 E F1(sour)144 595.2 Q (ce)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.824 G 2.824(iltins\). W).2 F(ithout)-.4 E F2 -.2 (ex)2.824 G(pr).2 E F0(,)A F1(caller)2.824 E F0 .324 (displays the line number and source \214lename of the current)2.824 F .254(subroutine call.)144 607.2 R .254(If a non-ne)5.254 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .554 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(nte).15 E .253(ger is supplied as)-.15 F F2 -.2(ex)2.753 G(pr).2 E F0(,)A F1(caller)2.753 E F0 .253 (displays the line number)2.753 F 2.753(,s)-.4 G(ub-)-2.753 E 1.327(rou\ tine name, and source \214le corresponding to that position in the curr\ ent e)144 619.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.328(cution call stack.).15 F .001 (This e)144 631.2 R .001(xtra information may be used, for e)-.15 F .001 (xample, to print a stack trace.)-.15 F(The current frame is frame)5 E 3.019(0. The)144 643.2 R .519(return v)3.019 F .519 (alue is 0 unless the shell is not e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .52 (cuting a subroutine call or).15 F F2 -.2(ex)3.02 G(pr).2 E F0 .52 (does not corre-)3.02 F(spond to a v)144 655.2 Q (alid position in the call stack.)-.25 E F1(cd)108 672 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 A F0(|[)A F1A F0([)2.5 E F1A F0(]] [\255@]] [)A F2 (dir)A F0(])A .322(Change the current directory to)144 684 R F2(dir) 2.822 E F0 5.322(.i)C(f)-5.322 E F2(dir)2.822 E F0 .321 (is not supplied, the v)2.822 F .321(alue of the)-.25 F F3(HOME)2.821 E F0 .321(shell v)2.571 F .321(ariable is)-.25 F 1.035(the def)144 696 R 3.535(ault. An)-.1 F 3.535(ya)-.15 G 1.035(dditional ar)-3.535 F 1.035 (guments follo)-.18 F(wing)-.25 E F2(dir)3.535 E F0 1.035(are ignored.) 3.535 F 1.036(The v)6.035 F(ariable)-.25 E F3(CDP)3.536 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0(de\214nes)3.286 E .85 (the search path for the directory containing)144 708 R F2(dir)3.35 E F0 3.35(:e).73 G .849(ach directory name in)-3.35 F F3(CDP)3.349 E -.855 (AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0 .849(is searched for)3.099 F F2(dir)144 720 Q F0 5.664(.A)C(lternati)-5.664 E .964 -.15(ve d)-.25 H .665 (irectory names in).15 F F3(CDP)3.165 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0 .665(are separated by a colon \(:\).)2.915 F 3.165(An)5.665 G .665 (ull directory name)-3.165 F(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)149.565 E (2)203.725 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 3 3 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 87.61 (TINS\(1\) General)-.92 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)90.11 G(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E(in)144 84 Q/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(CDP)4.163 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0 1.663 (is the same as the current directory)3.913 F 4.162(,i)-.65 G 1.662 (.e., `)-4.162 F(`)-.74 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(.)A F0 -.74('')C 6.662 (.I).74 G(f)-6.662 E/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(dir)4.512 E F0(be)4.892 E 1.662(gins with a slash \(/\), then)-.15 F F1(CDP)144 96 Q -.855(AT) -.666 G(H).855 E F0 .19(is not used.)2.44 F(The)5.191 E F22.691 E F0 .191(option causes)2.691 F F2(cd)2.691 E F0 .191(to use the ph)2.691 F .191(ysical directory structure by resolving)-.05 F 1.12 (symbolic links while tra)144 108 R -.15(ve)-.2 G(rsing).15 E F3(dir) 3.62 E F0 1.12(and before processing instances of)3.62 F F3(..)3.62 E F0 (in)3.62 E F3(dir)3.62 E F0 1.12(\(see also the)3.62 F F23.62 E F0 .395(option to the)144 120 R F2(set)2.895 E F0 -.2(bu)2.895 G .395 (iltin command\); the).2 F F22.895 E F0 .395 (option forces symbolic links to be follo)2.895 F .395(wed by resolv-) -.25 F .444(ing the link after processing instances of)144 132 R F3(..) 2.943 E F0(in)2.943 E F3(dir)2.943 E F0 5.443(.I)C(f)-5.443 E F3(..) 2.943 E F0 .443(appears in)2.943 F F3(dir)2.943 E F0 2.943(,i)C 2.943 (ti)-2.943 G 2.943(sp)-2.943 G .443(rocessed by remo)-2.943 F(ving)-.15 E .744(the immediately pre)144 144 R .744(vious pathname component from) -.25 F F3(dir)3.244 E F0 3.244(,b)C .744(ack to a slash or the be)-3.244 F .744(ginning of)-.15 F F3(dir)3.244 E F0(.)A 1.466(If the)144 156 R F2 3.966 E F0 1.466(option is supplied with)3.966 F F23.965 E F0 3.965(,a)C 1.465(nd the current w)-3.965 F 1.465 (orking directory cannot be successfully)-.1 F .467 (determined after a successful directory change,)144 168 R F2(cd)2.968 E F0 .468(will return an unsuccessful status.)2.968 F .468(On systems) 5.468 F .337(that support it, the)144 180 R F22.837 E F0 .336 (option presents the e)2.836 F .336(xtended attrib)-.15 F .336 (utes associated with a \214le as a directory)-.2 F(.)-.65 E .71(An ar) 144 192 R .71(gument of)-.18 F F23.21 E F0 .71(is con)3.21 F -.15 (ve)-.4 G .71(rted to).15 F F1($OLDPWD)3.21 E F0 .71 (before the directory change is attempted.)2.96 F .71(If a non-)5.71 F .107(empty directory name from)144 204 R F1(CDP)2.607 E -.855(AT)-.666 G (H).855 E F0 .107(is used, or if)2.357 F F22.607 E F0 .106 (is the \214rst ar)2.607 F .106(gument, and the directory change)-.18 F .038(is successful, the absolute pathname of the ne)144 216 R 2.538(ww) -.25 G .038(orking directory is written to the standard output.)-2.638 F (The return v)144 228 Q(alue is true if the directory w)-.25 E (as successfully changed; f)-.1 E(alse otherwise.)-.1 E F2(command)108 244.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255pVv)A F0(])A F3(command)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F3 (ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E(Run)144 256.8 Q F3(command)2.765 E F0(with) 3.335 E F3(ar)2.895 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .065 (suppressing the normal shell function lookup.)2.835 F .064(Only b)5.064 F .064(uiltin commands or)-.2 F .501(commands found in the)144 268.8 R F1 -.666(PA)3.001 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .502(are e)2.751 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.002(cuted. If).15 F(the)3.002 E F23.002 E F0 .502(option is gi) 3.002 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .502(n, the search for).15 F F3(command)3.202 E F0(is)3.772 E .4(performed using a def)144 280.8 R .4(ault v)-.1 F .4 (alue for)-.25 F F1 -.666(PA)2.9 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .399 (that is guaranteed to \214nd all of the standard utilities.)2.649 F(If) 5.399 E .174(either the)144 292.8 R F22.674 E F0(or)2.674 E F2 2.674 E F0 .175(option is supplied, a description of)2.674 F F3 (command)2.875 E F0 .175(is printed.)3.445 F(The)5.175 E F22.675 E F0 .175(option causes)2.675 F 3.318(as)144 304.8 S .818(ingle w)-3.318 F .817(ord indicating the command or \214lename used to in)-.1 F -.2(vo) -.4 G -.1(ke).2 G F3(command)3.617 E F0 .817(to be displayed; the)4.087 F F2144 316.8 Q F0 .249(option produces a more v)2.749 F .249 (erbose description.)-.15 F .249(If the)5.249 F F22.749 E F0(or) 2.749 E F22.75 E F0 .25(option is supplied, the e)2.75 F .25 (xit status)-.15 F 1.005(is 0 if)144 328.8 R F3(command)3.705 E F0 -.1 (wa)4.275 G 3.505(sf).1 G 1.005(ound, and 1 if not.)-3.505 F 1.004 (If neither option is supplied and an error occurred or)6.005 F F3 (command)144.2 340.8 Q F0 1.598(cannot be found, the e)4.868 F 1.599 (xit status is 127.)-.15 F 1.599(Otherwise, the e)6.599 F 1.599 (xit status of the)-.15 F F2(command)4.099 E F0 -.2(bu)144 352.8 S (iltin is the e).2 E(xit status of)-.15 E F3(command)2.5 E F0(.).77 E F2 (compgen)108 369.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F3(option)A F0 2.5(][)C F3(wor)-2.5 E(d) -.37 E F0(])A .013(Generate possible completion matches for)144 381.6 R F3(wor)2.513 E(d)-.37 E F0 .013(according to the)2.513 F F3(option)2.513 E F0 .013(s, which may be an)B 2.512(yo)-.15 G(ption)-2.512 E .981 (accepted by the)144 393.6 R F2(complete)3.481 E F0 -.2(bu)3.481 G .981 (iltin with the e).2 F .981(xception of)-.15 F F23.481 E F0(and) 3.481 E F23.481 E F0 3.481(,a)C .982(nd write the matches to the) -3.481 F .131(standard output.)144 405.6 R .131(When using the)5.131 F F22.631 E F0(or)2.631 E F22.631 E F0 .131(options, the v) 2.631 F .13(arious shell v)-.25 F .13(ariables set by the program-)-.25 F(mable completion f)144 417.6 Q(acilities, while a)-.1 E -.25(va)-.2 G (ilable, will not ha).25 E .3 -.15(ve u)-.2 H(seful v).15 E(alues.)-.25 E .352(The matches will be generated in the same w)144 441.6 R .352 (ay as if the programmable completion code had gen-)-.1 F .02(erated th\ em directly from a completion speci\214cation with the same \215ags.)144 453.6 R(If)5.02 E F3(wor)2.52 E(d)-.37 E F0 .02(is speci\214ed, only) 2.52 F(those completions matching)144 465.6 Q F3(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0 (will be displayed.)2.5 E(The return v)144 489.6 Q (alue is true unless an in)-.25 E -.25(va)-.4 G (lid option is supplied, or no matches were generated.).25 E F2 (complete)108 506.4 Q F0([)3.404 E F2(\255abcdefgjksuv)A F0 3.404(][)C F2-3.404 E F3(comp-option)3.404 E F0 3.404(][)C F2(\255DEI)-3.404 E F0 3.404(][)C F2-3.404 E F3(action)3.404 E F0 3.404(][)C F2 -3.404 E F3(globpat)3.404 E F0 3.404(][)C F2-3.404 E F3(wor) 3.404 E(dlist)-.37 E F0 3.405(][)C F2-3.405 E F3(func-)3.405 E (tion)108 518.4 Q F0 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F3(command)2.5 E F0(])A([) 144 530.4 Q F2A F3(\214lterpat)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F3 (pr)2.5 E(e\214x)-.37 E F0 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F3(suf)2.5 E<8c78> -.18 E F0(])A F3(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F3(name ...)A F0(])A F2 (complete \255pr)108 542.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255DEI)A F0 2.5(][)C F3 (name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .634(Specify ho)144 554.4 R 3.134(wa)-.25 G -.18(rg)-3.134 G .634(uments to each).18 F F3(name)3.134 E F0 .634 (should be completed.)3.134 F .633(If the)5.634 F F23.133 E F0 .633(option is supplied, or if no)3.133 F .139(options are supplied, e) 144 566.4 R .139(xisting completion speci\214cations are printed in a w) -.15 F .14(ay that allo)-.1 F .14(ws them to be)-.25 F .31 (reused as input.)144 578.4 R(The)5.31 E F22.81 E F0 .31 (option remo)2.81 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.81(sac).15 G .31 (ompletion speci\214cation for each)-2.81 F F3(name)2.81 E F0 2.81(,o)C 1.11 -.4(r, i)-2.81 H 2.81(fn).4 G(o)-2.81 E F3(name)2.81 E F0(s)A 1.207 (are supplied, all completion speci\214cations.)144 590.4 R(The)6.207 E F23.707 E F0 1.208(option indicates that other supplied options) 3.708 F .5(and actions should apply to the `)144 602.4 R(`def)-.74 E (ault')-.1 E 3('c)-.74 G .5 (ommand completion; that is, completion attempted on)-3 F 3.455(ac)144 614.4 S .955(ommand for which no completion has pre)-3.455 F .955 (viously been de\214ned.)-.25 F(The)5.955 E F23.455 E F0 .955 (option indicates that)3.455 F .876 (other supplied options and actions should apply to `)144 626.4 R (`empty')-.74 E 3.376('c)-.74 G .876(ommand completion; that is, com-) -3.376 F .447(pletion attempted on a blank line.)144 638.4 R(The)5.447 E F22.947 E F0 .448 (option indicates that other supplied options and actions)2.947 F 1.335 (should apply to completion on the inital non-assignment w)144 650.4 R 1.334(ord on the line, or after a command)-.1 F .43(delimiter such as) 144 662.4 R F2(;)2.93 E F0(or)2.93 E F2(|)2.93 E F0 2.93(,w)C .431 (hich is usually command name completion.)-2.93 F .431 (If multiple options are sup-)5.431 F .708(plied, the)144 674.4 R F2 3.208 E F0 .708(option tak)3.208 F .708(es precedence o)-.1 F -.15 (ve)-.15 G(r).15 E F23.208 E F0 3.208(,a)C .708(nd both tak)-3.208 F 3.208(ep)-.1 G .707(recedence o)-3.208 F -.15(ve)-.15 G(r).15 E F2 3.207 E F0 5.707(.I)C 3.207(fa)-5.707 G 1.007 -.15(ny o)-3.207 H (f).15 E F23.207 E F0(,)A F2144 686.4 Q F0 2.603(,o)C(r) -2.603 E F22.603 E F0 .103(are supplied, an)2.603 F 2.603(yo)-.15 G(ther)-2.603 E F3(name)2.603 E F0(ar)2.603 E .103 (guments are ignored; these completions only apply to the)-.18 F (case speci\214ed by the option.)144 698.4 Q 1.438 (The process of applying these completion speci\214cations when w)144 722.4 R 1.437(ord completion is attempted is)-.1 F(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q (2004 Apr 20)149.565 E(3)203.725 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 4 4 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 87.61 (TINS\(1\) General)-.92 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)90.11 G(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E(described abo)144 84 Q .3 -.15(ve u)-.15 H (nder).15 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Pr)2.5 E(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E F0(.)A .555(Other options, if speci\214ed, ha)144 108 R .855 -.15(ve t) -.2 H .555(he follo).15 F .555(wing meanings.)-.25 F .555(The ar)5.555 F .555(guments to the)-.18 F F13.056 E F0(,)A F13.056 E F0 3.056(,a)C(nd)-3.056 E F13.056 E F0 .723 (options \(and, if necessary)144 120 R 3.223(,t)-.65 G(he)-3.223 E F1 3.223 E F0(and)3.223 E F13.223 E F0 .722 (options\) should be quoted to protect them from e)3.223 F(xpan-)-.15 E (sion before the)144 132 Q F1(complete)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G (iltin is in).2 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E F1144 144 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(comp-option)2.5 E F0(The)184 156 Q F2(comp-option) 2.79 E F0 .291(controls se)2.791 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .291 (ral aspects of the compspec').15 F 2.791(sb)-.55 G(eha)-2.791 E .291 (vior be)-.2 F .291(yond the simple)-.15 F(generation of completions.) 184 168 Q F2(comp-option)5 E F0(may be one of:)2.5 E F1(bashdefault)184 180 Q F0 .281(Perform the rest of the def)224 192 R(ault)-.1 E F1(bash) 2.781 E F0 .281(completions if the compspec generates no)2.781 F (matches.)224 204 Q F1(default)184 216 Q F0 2.875(Use readline')224 216 R 5.375(sd)-.55 G(ef)-5.375 E 2.876 (ault \214lename completion if the compspec generates no)-.1 F(matches.) 224 228 Q F1(dir)184 240 Q(names)-.15 E F0(Perform directory name compl\ etion if the compspec generates no matches.)224 252 Q F1(\214lenames)184 264 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 276 S .137(ll readline that the compspec generates \ \214lenames, so it can perform an).7 F 2.636<798c>-.15 G(le-)-2.636 E .134(name\255speci\214c processing \(lik)224 288 R 2.634(ea)-.1 G .134 (dding a slash to directory names, quoting spe-)-2.634 F .45 (cial characters, or suppressing trailing spaces\).)224 300 R .45 (Intended to be used with shell)5.45 F(functions.)224 312 Q F1(noquote) 184 324 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 324 S .814 (ll readline not to quote the completed w).7 F .814(ords if the)-.1 F 3.314(ya)-.15 G .815(re \214lenames \(quoting)-3.314 F (\214lenames is the def)224 336 Q(ault\).)-.1 E F1(nosort)184 348 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 348 S(ll readline not to sort the list of possible completio\ ns alphabetically).7 E(.)-.65 E F1(nospace)184 360 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 360 S .22(ll readline not to append a space \(the def).7 F .22(ault\) to w)-.1 F .22(ords completed at the end)-.1 F(of the line.)224 372 Q F1 (plusdirs)184 384 Q F0 1.985(After an)224 384 R 4.485(ym)-.15 G 1.985 (atches de\214ned by the compspec are generated, directory name)-4.485 F .584(completion is attempted and an)224 396 R 3.084(ym)-.15 G .584 (atches are added to the results of the other)-3.084 F(actions.)224 408 Q F1144 420 Q F2(action)2.5 E F0(The)184 432 Q F2(action)2.5 E F0 (may be one of the follo)2.5 E (wing to generate a list of possible completions:)-.25 E F1(alias)184 444 Q F0(Alias names.)224 444 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1 2.5 E F0(.)A F1(arrayv)184 456 Q(ar)-.1 E F0(Array v)224 468 Q (ariable names.)-.25 E F1(binding)184 480 Q(Readline)224 480 Q F0 -.1 (ke)2.5 G 2.5(yb)-.05 G(inding names.)-2.5 E F1 -.2(bu)184 492 S(iltin) .2 E F0(Names of shell b)224 492 Q(uiltin commands.)-.2 E (May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(command)184 504 Q F0(Command names.)224 516 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(dir)184 528 Q(ectory)-.18 E F0(Directory names.)224 540 Q (May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(disabled)184 552 Q F0(Names of disabled shell b)224 564 Q(uiltins.)-.2 E F1(enabled)184 576 Q F0(Names of enabled shell b)224 576 Q(uiltins.)-.2 E F1(export)184 588 Q F0(Names of e)224 588 Q(xported shell v)-.15 E 2.5(ariables. May) -.25 F(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(\214le)184 600 Q F0(File names.)224 600 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1 2.5 E F0(.)A F1(function)184 612 Q F0(Names of shell functions.)224 624 Q F1(gr)184 636 Q(oup)-.18 E F0(Group names.)224 636 Q (May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(helptopic)184 648 Q F0(Help topics as accepted by the)224 660 Q F1(help)2.5 E F0 -.2 (bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(hostname)184 672 Q F0(Hostnames, as tak)224 684 Q(en from the \214le speci\214ed by the)-.1 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF (HOSTFILE)2.5 E F0(shell v)2.25 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1(job)184 696 Q F0 (Job names, if job control is acti)224 696 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 5(.M).15 G (ay also be speci\214ed as)-5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)149.565 E(4)203.725 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 5 5 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 87.61 (TINS\(1\) General)-.92 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)90.11 G(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -.1(ke)184 84 S(yw).1 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Shell reserv)224 96 Q(ed w)-.15 E 2.5(ords. May)-.1 F (also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(running)184 108 Q F0(Names of running jobs, if job control is acti)224 108 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1(ser)184 120 Q(vice)-.1 E F0(Service names.)224 120 Q (May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(setopt)184 132 Q F0 -1.11(Va)224 132 S(lid ar)1.11 E(guments for the)-.18 E F12.5 E F0(option to the)2.5 E F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1 (shopt)184 144 Q F0(Shell option names as accepted by the)224 144 Q F1 (shopt)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(signal)184 156 Q F0 (Signal names.)224 156 Q F1(stopped)184 168 Q F0 (Names of stopped jobs, if job control is acti)224 168 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G (.).15 E F1(user)184 180 Q F0(User names.)224 180 Q (May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(va)184 192 S (riable).1 E F0(Names of all shell v)224 192 Q 2.5(ariables. May)-.25 F (also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1144 204 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(command)2.5 E(command)184 216 Q F0 1.055(is e)3.555 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.055(cuted in a subshell en).15 F 1.056 (vironment, and its output is used as the possible)-.4 F(completions.) 184 228 Q F1144 240 Q F2(function)2.5 E F0 .114 (The shell function)184 252 R F2(function)2.614 E F0 .114(is e)2.614 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .114(cuted in the current shell en).15 F 2.614 (vironment. When)-.4 F .113(the func-)2.613 F .816(tion is e)184 264 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .816(cuted, the \214rst ar).15 F .816(gument \()-.18 F F1 ($1)A F0 3.316(\)i)C 3.316(st)-3.316 G .817 (he name of the command whose ar)-3.316 F(guments)-.18 E 1.407 (are being completed, the second ar)184 276 R 1.407(gument \()-.18 F F1 ($2)A F0 3.907(\)i)C 3.907(st)-3.907 G 1.407(he w)-3.907 F 1.407 (ord being completed, and the)-.1 F .103(third ar)184 288 R .103 (gument \()-.18 F F1($3)A F0 2.603(\)i)C 2.603(st)-2.603 G .103(he w) -2.603 F .104(ord preceding the w)-.1 F .104 (ord being completed on the current com-)-.1 F .102(mand line.)184 300 R .102(When it \214nishes, the possible completions are retrie)5.102 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.601(df).15 G .101(rom the v)-2.601 F .101(alue of the) -.25 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(COMPREPL)184 312 Q(Y)-.828 E F0(array v)2.25 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1144 324 Q F2(globpat)2.5 E F0 1.007 (The pathname e)184 336 R 1.007(xpansion pattern)-.15 F F2(globpat)3.507 E F0 1.007(is e)3.507 F 1.008(xpanded to generate the possible comple-) -.15 F(tions.)184 348 Q F1144 360 Q F2(pr)2.5 E(e\214x)-.37 E(pr) 184 372 Q(e\214x)-.37 E F0 .535(is added at the be)3.035 F .534 (ginning of each possible completion after all other options ha)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G(been applied.)184 384 Q F1144 396 Q F2(suf)2.5 E <8c78>-.18 E(suf)184 396 Q<8c78>-.18 E F0 (is appended to each possible completion after all other options ha)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve b)-.2 H(een applied.).15 E F1144 408 Q F2(wor)2.5 E (dlist)-.37 E F0(The)184 420 Q F2(wor)3.639 E(dlist)-.37 E F0 1.14 (is split using the characters in the)3.639 F F3(IFS)3.64 E F0 1.14 (special v)3.39 F 1.14(ariable as delimiters, and)-.25 F .981 (each resultant w)184 432 R .981(ord is e)-.1 F 3.481(xpanded. Shell) -.15 F .981(quoting is honored within)3.481 F F2(wor)3.481 E(dlist)-.37 E F0 3.48(,i)C 3.48(no)-3.48 G .98(rder to)-3.48 F(pro)184 444 Q .765 (vide a mechanism for the w)-.15 F .766 (ords to contain shell metacharacters or characters in the)-.1 F -.25 (va)184 456 S 1.965(lue of).25 F F3(IFS)4.465 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.) A F0 1.964 (The possible completions are the members of the resultant list which) 6.465 F(match the w)184 468 Q(ord being completed.)-.1 E F1144 480 Q F2(\214lterpat)2.5 E(\214lterpat)184 492 Q F0 .455 (is a pattern as used for pathname e)2.955 F 2.956(xpansion. It)-.15 F .456(is applied to the list of possible)2.956 F 1.596 (completions generated by the preceding options and ar)184 504 R 1.596 (guments, and each completion)-.18 F(matching)184 516 Q F2(\214lterpat) 3.204 E F0 .704(is remo)3.204 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.204(df).15 G .704 (rom the list.)-3.204 F 3.204(Al)5.704 G(eading)-3.204 E F1(!)3.204 E F0 (in)3.204 E F2(\214lterpat)3.205 E F0(ne)3.205 E -.05(ga)-.15 G .705 (tes the pattern;).05 F(in this case, an)184 528 Q 2.5(yc)-.15 G (ompletion not matching)-2.5 E F2(\214lterpat)2.5 E F0(is remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E .467(The return v)144 544.8 R .467 (alue is true unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .466 (lid option is supplied, an option other than).25 F F12.966 E F0 (or)2.966 E F12.966 E F0 .466(is sup-)2.966 F 1.361 (plied without a)144 556.8 R F2(name)3.861 E F0(ar)3.861 E 1.361 (gument, an attempt is made to remo)-.18 F 1.662 -.15(ve a c)-.15 H 1.362(ompletion speci\214cation for a).15 F F2(name)144 568.8 Q F0 (for which no speci\214cation e)2.5 E (xists, or an error occurs adding a completion speci\214cation.)-.15 E F1(compopt)108 585.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F2(option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(\255DEI)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(+o)-2.5 E F2(option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(])A .447(Modify completion options for each)144 597.6 R F2(name)2.947 E F0 .447(according to the)2.947 F F2(option)2.947 E F0 .447(s, or for the currently-e)B -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E .725 (completion if no)144 609.6 R F2(name)3.225 E F0 3.225(sa)C .725 (re supplied.)-3.225 F .725(If no)5.725 F F2(option)3.225 E F0 3.225(sa) C .725(re gi)-3.225 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .726 (n, display the completion options for).15 F(each)144 621.6 Q F2(name) 3.224 E F0 .724(or the current completion.)3.224 F .724(The possible v) 5.724 F .724(alues of)-.25 F F2(option)3.224 E F0 .724(are those v)3.224 F .723(alid for the)-.25 F F1(com-)3.223 E(plete)144 633.6 Q F0 -.2(bu) 2.677 G .177(iltin described abo).2 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.178(.T).15 G(he) -5.178 E F12.678 E F0 .178 (option indicates that other supplied options should apply to)2.678 F 1.228(the `)144 645.6 R(`def)-.74 E(ault')-.1 E 3.728('c)-.74 G 1.228(o\ mmand completion; that is, completion attempted on a command for which \ no)-3.728 F 2.038(completion has pre)144 657.6 R 2.038 (viously been de\214ned.)-.25 F(The)7.038 E F14.538 E F0 2.039 (option indicates that other supplied options)4.538 F 1.539 (should apply to `)144 669.6 R(`empty')-.74 E 4.039('c)-.74 G 1.538 (ommand completion; that is, completion attempted on a blank line.) -4.039 F(The)144 681.6 Q F13.205 E F0 .705(option indicates that \ other supplied options should apply to completion on the inital non-) 3.205 F .868(assignment w)144 693.6 R .868 (ord on the line, or after a command delimiter such as)-.1 F F1(;)3.368 E F0(or)3.368 E F1(|)3.368 E F0 3.367(,w)C .867(hich is usually com-) -3.367 F(mand name completion.)144 705.6 Q 1.387(The return v)144 729.6 R 1.387(alue is true unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G 1.388 (lid option is supplied, an attempt is made to modify the).25 F (GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)149.565 E(5)203.725 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 6 6 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 87.61 (TINS\(1\) General)-.92 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)90.11 G(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E(options for a)144 84 Q/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)2.5 E F0(for which no completion speci\214cation e)2.5 E (xists, or an output error occurs.)-.15 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF (continue)108 100.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(n)A F0(])A 1.754(Resume the ne)144 112.8 R 1.754(xt iteration of the enclosing)-.15 F F2 -.25(fo)4.254 G(r) .25 E F0(,)A F2(while)4.254 E F0(,)A F2(until)4.254 E F0 4.254(,o)C(r) -4.254 E F2(select)4.254 E F0 4.253(loop. If)4.254 F F1(n)4.613 E F0 1.753(is speci\214ed,)4.493 F 1.208(resume at the)144 124.8 R F1(n)3.709 E F0 1.209(th enclosing loop.)B F1(n)6.569 E F0 1.209(must be)3.949 F/F3 10/Symbol SF3.709 E F0 3.709(1. If)3.709 F F1(n)4.069 E F0 1.209 (is greater than the number of enclosing)3.949 F .514 (loops, the last enclosing loop \(the `)144 136.8 R(`top-le)-.74 E -.15 (ve)-.25 G(l').15 E 3.014('l)-.74 G .514(oop\) is resumed.)-3.014 F .513 (The return v)5.513 F .513(alue is 0 unless)-.25 F F1(n)3.013 E F0(is) 3.013 E(not greater than or equal to 1.)144 148.8 Q F2(declar)108 165.6 Q(e)-.18 E F0([)2.5 E F2(\255aAfFgilnrtux)A F0 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F1(value)A F0 2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E F2 (typeset)108 177.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255aAfFgilnrtux)A F0 2.5(][)C F2 -2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F1(value)A F0 2.5(].)C (..])-2.5 E 1.264(Declare v)144 189.6 R 1.264(ariables and/or gi)-.25 F 1.564 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 1.264(hem attrib).15 F 3.765(utes. If)-.2 F(no) 3.765 E F1(name)3.765 E F0 3.765(sa)C 1.265(re gi)-3.765 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.765(nt).15 G 1.265(hen display the v)-3.765 F 1.265(alues of)-.25 F -.25(va)144 201.6 S 3.483(riables. The).25 F F23.483 E F0 .983 (option will display the attrib)3.483 F .983(utes and v)-.2 F .982 (alues of each)-.25 F F1(name)3.482 E F0 5.982(.W).18 G(hen)-5.982 E F2 3.482 E F0 .982(is used)3.482 F(with)144 213.6 Q F1(name)2.774 E F0(ar)2.774 E .274(guments, additional options, other than)-.18 F F2 2.775 E F0(and)2.775 E F22.775 E F0 2.775(,a)C .275 (re ignored.)-2.775 F(When)5.275 E F22.775 E F0 .275(is supplied) 2.775 F(without)144 225.6 Q F1(name)4.814 E F0(ar)4.814 E 2.314 (guments, it will display the attrib)-.18 F 2.314(utes and v)-.2 F 2.313 (alues of all v)-.25 F 2.313(ariables ha)-.25 F 2.313(ving the)-.2 F (attrib)144 237.6 Q 1.181(utes speci\214ed by the additional options.) -.2 F 1.182(If no other options are supplied with)6.181 F F23.682 E F0(,)A F2(declar)3.682 E(e)-.18 E F0 .62(will display the attrib)144 249.6 R .62(utes and v)-.2 F .62(alues of all shell v)-.25 F 3.12 (ariables. The)-.25 F F23.12 E F0 .62 (option will restrict the display)3.12 F 1.29(to shell functions.)144 261.6 R(The)6.29 E F23.79 E F0 1.291(option inhibits the display \ of function de\214nitions; only the function)3.791 F .948 (name and attrib)144 273.6 R .948(utes are printed.)-.2 F .948(If the) 5.948 F F2(extdeb)3.448 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .948 (shell option is enabled using)3.448 F F2(shopt)3.448 E F0 3.448(,t)C .948(he source)-3.448 F 1.69(\214le name and line number where each)144 285.6 R F1(name)4.19 E F0 1.69(is de\214ned are displayed as well.)4.19 F(The)6.69 E F24.19 E F0(option)4.19 E(implies)144 297.6 Q F2 3.892 E F0 6.392(.T)C(he)-6.392 E F23.892 E F0 1.391 (option forces v)3.892 F 1.391 (ariables to be created or modi\214ed at the global scope, e)-.25 F -.15 (ve)-.25 G(n).15 E(when)144 309.6 Q F2(declar)4.382 E(e)-.18 E F0 1.882 (is e)4.382 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.882(cuted in a shell function.).15 F 1.883(It is ignored in all other cases.)6.882 F 1.883(The follo)6.883 F (wing)-.25 E .794(options can be used to restrict output to v)144 321.6 R .794(ariables with the speci\214ed attrib)-.25 F .793(ute or to gi)-.2 F 1.093 -.15(ve v)-.25 H(ariables)-.1 E(attrib)144 333.6 Q(utes:)-.2 E F2144 345.6 Q F0(Each)180 345.6 Q F1(name)2.5 E F0(is an inde)2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.5(da).15 G(rray v)-2.5 E(ariable \(see)-.25 E F2 (Arrays)2.5 E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F2144 357.6 Q F0(Each)180 357.6 Q F1(name)2.5 E F0(is an associati)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve a) -.25 H(rray v).15 E(ariable \(see)-.25 E F2(Arrays)2.5 E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F2144 369.6 Q F0(Use function names only) 180 369.6 Q(.)-.65 E F2144 381.6 Q F0 .557(The v)180 381.6 R .558 (ariable is treated as an inte)-.25 F .558(ger; arithmetic e)-.15 F -.25 (va)-.25 G .558(luation \(see).25 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .558 (ARITHMETIC EV)3.058 F(ALU)-1.215 E(A-)-.54 E(TION)180 393.6 Q F0(abo) 2.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(\)i).15 G 2.5(sp)-2.5 G(erformed when the v) -2.5 E(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 E(alue.)-.25 E F2144 405.6 Q F0 .91(When the v)180 405.6 R .909(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 F .909 (alue, all upper)-.25 F .909(-case characters are con)-.2 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .909(rted to lo).15 F(wer)-.25 E(-)-.2 E 2.5(case. The)180 417.6 R (upper)2.5 E(-case attrib)-.2 E(ute is disabled.)-.2 E F2144 429.6 Q F0(Gi)180 429.6 Q 1.619 -.15(ve e)-.25 H(ach).15 E F1(name)3.819 E F0 (the)3.819 E F1(namer)3.819 E(ef)-.37 E F0(attrib)3.819 E 1.319 (ute, making it a name reference to another v)-.2 F(ariable.)-.25 E 1.519(That other v)180 441.6 R 1.519(ariable is de\214ned by the v)-.25 F 1.518(alue of)-.25 F F1(name)4.018 E F0 6.518(.A)C 1.518 (ll references, assignments, and)-6.518 F(attrib)180 453.6 Q .226 (ute modi\214cations to)-.2 F F1(name)2.726 E F0 2.726(,e)C .226 (xcept those using or changing the)-2.876 F F22.726 E F0(attrib) 2.726 E .227(ute itself, are)-.2 F .809(performed on the v)180 465.6 R .809(ariable referenced by)-.25 F F1(name)3.308 E F0 1.908 -.55('s v)D 3.308(alue. The).3 F .808(nameref attrib)3.308 F .808(ute cannot be)-.2 F(applied to array v)180 477.6 Q(ariables.)-.25 E F2144 489.6 Q F0 (Mak)180 489.6 Q(e)-.1 E F1(name)5.046 E F0 5.046(sr)C(eadonly)-5.046 E 7.546(.T)-.65 G 2.546(hese names cannot then be assigned v)-7.546 F 2.547(alues by subsequent)-.25 F(assignment statements or unset.)180 501.6 Q F2144 513.6 Q F0(Gi)180 513.6 Q .73 -.15(ve e)-.25 H(ach) .15 E F1(name)2.93 E F0(the)2.929 E F1(tr)2.929 E(ace)-.15 E F0(attrib) 2.929 E 2.929(ute. T)-.2 F .429(raced functions inherit the)-.35 F F2 (DEB)2.929 E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)2.929 E F2(RETURN)2.929 E F0 (traps from the calling shell.)180 525.6 Q(The trace attrib)5 E (ute has no special meaning for v)-.2 E(ariables.)-.25 E F2144 537.6 Q F0 .909(When the v)180 537.6 R .909(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 F .909(alue, all lo)-.25 F(wer)-.25 E .909(-case characters are con)-.2 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .91(rted to upper).15 F(-)-.2 E 2.5(case. The)180 549.6 R(lo)2.5 E(wer)-.25 E(-case attrib)-.2 E(ute is disabled.)-.2 E F2 144 561.6 Q F0(Mark)180 561.6 Q F1(name)2.5 E F0 2.5(sf)C(or e)-2.5 E (xport to subsequent commands via the en)-.15 E(vironment.)-.4 E .144 (Using `+' instead of `\255' turns of)144 578.4 R 2.643(ft)-.25 G .143 (he attrib)-2.643 F .143(ute instead, with the e)-.2 F .143 (xceptions that)-.15 F F2(+a)2.643 E F0(and)2.643 E F2(+A)2.643 E F0 .143(may not)2.643 F .578(be used to destro)144 590.4 R 3.079(ya)-.1 G .579(rray v)-3.079 F .579(ariables and)-.25 F F2(+r)3.079 E F0 .579 (will not remo)3.079 F .879 -.15(ve t)-.15 H .579(he readonly attrib).15 F 3.079(ute. When)-.2 F .579(used in a)3.079 F(function,)144 602.4 Q F2 (declar)3.544 E(e)-.18 E F0(and)3.544 E F2(typeset)3.544 E F0(mak)3.544 E 3.544(ee)-.1 G(ach)-3.544 E F1(name)3.543 E F0 1.043 (local, as with the)3.543 F F2(local)3.543 E F0 1.043 (command, unless the)3.543 F F23.543 E F0 1.205 (option is supplied.)144 614.4 R 1.205(If a v)6.205 F 1.205 (ariable name is follo)-.25 F 1.205(wed by =)-.25 F F1(value)A F0 3.705 (,t)C 1.205(he v)-3.705 F 1.205(alue of the v)-.25 F 1.205 (ariable is set to)-.25 F F1(value)144 626.4 Q F0 5.218(.W)C .218 (hen using)-5.218 F F22.718 E F0(or)2.718 E F22.718 E F0 .217(and the compound assignment syntax to create array v)2.717 F .217 (ariables, addi-)-.25 F .882(tional attrib)144 638.4 R .882 (utes do not tak)-.2 F 3.382(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-3.382 G .882 (ect until subsequent assignments.).25 F .882(The return v)5.882 F .882 (alue is 0 unless an)-.25 F(in)144 650.4 Q -.25(va)-.4 G 1.26(lid optio\ n is encountered, an attempt is made to de\214ne a function using).25 F /F5 10/Courier@0 SF 1.26(\255f foo=bar)3.76 F F0 3.76(,a)C(n)-3.76 E .187(attempt is made to assign a v)144 662.4 R .187 (alue to a readonly v)-.25 F .188 (ariable, an attempt is made to assign a v)-.25 F .188(alue to an)-.25 F 1.749(array v)144 674.4 R 1.749 (ariable without using the compound assignment syntax \(see)-.25 F F2 (Arrays)4.248 E F0(abo)4.248 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.748(\), one of the).15 F F1(names)144 686.4 Q F0 .359(is not a v)2.858 F .359(alid shell v)-.25 F .359(ariable name, an attempt is made to turn of)-.25 F 2.859(fr)-.25 G .359(eadonly status for a read-)-2.859 F 1.213(only v)144 698.4 R 1.213 (ariable, an attempt is made to turn of)-.25 F 3.713(fa)-.25 G 1.213 (rray status for an array v)-3.713 F 1.212(ariable, or an attempt is) -.25 F(made to display a non-e)144 710.4 Q(xistent function with)-.15 E F22.5 E F0(.)A(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)149.565 E(6) 203.725 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 7 7 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 87.61 (TINS\(1\) General)-.92 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)90.11 G(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(dirs [\255clpv] [+) 108 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F1 2.5(][)C-2.5 E F2(n)A F1(])A F0 -.4(Wi)144 96 S .328 (thout options, displays the list of currently remembered directories.) .4 F .329(The def)5.329 F .329(ault display is on a)-.1 F 1.238 (single line with directory names separated by spaces.)144 108 R 1.238 (Directories are added to the list with the)6.238 F F1(pushd)144 120 Q F0 2.003(command; the)4.503 F F1(popd)4.503 E F0 2.003(command remo) 4.503 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 4.503(se).15 G 2.003(ntries from the list.)-4.503 F 2.003(The current directory is)7.003 F(al)144 132 Q -.1(wa)-.1 G (ys the \214rst directory in the stack.).1 E F1144 144 Q F0 (Clears the directory stack by deleting all of the entries.)180 144 Q F1 144 156 Q F0 .882 (Produces a listing using full pathnames; the def)180 156 R .881 (ault listing format uses a tilde to denote)-.1 F(the home directory)180 168 Q(.)-.65 E F1144 180 Q F0 (Print the directory stack with one entry per line.)180 180 Q F1 144 192 Q F0 .272(Print the directory stack with one entry per line, pr\ e\214xing each entry with its inde)180 192 R 2.773(xi)-.15 G 2.773(nt) -2.773 G(he)-2.773 E(stack.)180 204 Q F1(+)144 216 Q F2(n)A F0 1.565 (Displays the)180 216 R F2(n)4.065 E F0 1.565 (th entry counting from the left of the list sho)B 1.564(wn by)-.25 F F1 (dirs)4.064 E F0 1.564(when in)4.064 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E (without options, starting with zero.)180 228 Q F1144 240 Q F2(n)A F0 1.194(Displays the)180 240 R F2(n)3.694 E F0 1.194 (th entry counting from the right of the list sho)B 1.194(wn by)-.25 F F1(dirs)3.694 E F0 1.194(when in)3.694 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E (without options, starting with zero.)180 252 Q .258(The return v)144 268.8 R .258(alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .258 (lid option is supplied or).25 F F2(n)2.758 E F0(inde)2.758 E -.15(xe) -.15 G 2.758(sb).15 G -.15(ey)-2.758 G .258(ond the end of the direc-) .15 F(tory stack.)144 280.8 Q F1(diso)108 297.6 Q(wn)-.1 E F0([)2.5 E F1 (\255ar)A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(jobspec)-2.5 E F0 (... |)2.5 E F2(pid)2.5 E F0(... ])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 309.6 S .121 (thout options, remo).4 F .422 -.15(ve e)-.15 H(ach).15 E F2(jobspec) 4.362 E F0 .122(from the table of acti)2.932 F .422 -.15(ve j)-.25 H 2.622(obs. If).15 F F2(jobspec)4.362 E F0 .122(is not present, and)2.932 F .096(neither the)144 321.6 R F12.596 E F0 .096(nor the)2.596 F F12.596 E F0 .096(option is supplied, the)2.596 F F2(curr)2.596 E .096(ent job)-.37 F F0 .096(is used.)2.596 F .096(If the)5.096 F F1 2.596 E F0 .096(option is gi)2.596 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .096(n, each) .15 F F2(jobspec)145.74 333.6 Q F0 .585(is not remo)3.395 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.085(df).15 G .585(rom the table, b)-3.085 F .585(ut is mark)-.2 F .585(ed so that)-.1 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGHUP)3.085 E F0 .586 (is not sent to the job if the)2.835 F .962(shell recei)144 345.6 R -.15 (ve)-.25 G 3.462(sa).15 G F3(SIGHUP)A/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .962 (If no)5.462 F F2(jobspec)5.202 E F0 .962(is supplied, the)3.772 F F1 3.462 E F0 .962(option means to remo)3.462 F 1.262 -.15(ve o)-.15 H 3.462(rm).15 G .962(ark all)-3.462 F 1.358(jobs; the)144 357.6 R F1 3.858 E F0 1.358(option without a)3.858 F F2(jobspec)5.598 E F0 (ar)4.169 E 1.359(gument restricts operation to running jobs.)-.18 F 1.359(The return)6.359 F -.25(va)144 369.6 S(lue is 0 unless a).25 E F2 (jobspec)4.24 E F0(does not specify a v)2.81 E(alid job)-.25 E(.)-.4 E F1(echo)108 386.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255neE)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E(g) -.37 E F0(...])2.5 E .425(Output the)144 398.4 R F2(ar)2.925 E(g)-.37 E F0 .424(s, separated by spaces, follo)B .424(wed by a ne)-.25 F 2.924 (wline. The)-.25 F .424(return status is 0 unless a write)2.924 F .307 (error occurs.)144 410.4 R(If)5.307 E F12.807 E F0 .307 (is speci\214ed, the trailing ne)2.807 F .308(wline is suppressed.)-.25 F .308(If the)5.308 F F12.808 E F0 .308(option is gi)2.808 F -.15 (ve)-.25 G .308(n, inter).15 F(-)-.2 E 1.349(pretation of the follo)144 422.4 R 1.348(wing backslash-escaped characters is enabled.)-.25 F(The) 6.348 E F13.848 E F0 1.348(option disables the)3.848 F 1.054 (interpretation of these escape characters, e)144 434.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.555(no).15 G 3.555(ns)-3.555 G 1.055(ystems where the)-3.555 F 3.555 (ya)-.15 G 1.055(re interpreted by def)-3.555 F(ault.)-.1 E(The)144 446.4 Q F1(xpg_echo)3.459 E F0 .959 (shell option may be used to dynamically determine whether or not)3.459 F F1(echo)3.458 E F0 -.15(ex)3.458 G(pands).15 E .715 (these escape characters by def)144 458.4 R(ault.)-.1 E F1(echo)5.715 E F0 .716(does not interpret)3.215 F F13.216 E F0 .716 (to mean the end of options.)3.216 F F1(echo)5.716 E F0 (interprets the follo)144 470.4 Q(wing escape sequences:)-.25 E F1(\\a) 144 482.4 Q F0(alert \(bell\))180 482.4 Q F1(\\b)144 494.4 Q F0 (backspace)180 494.4 Q F1(\\c)144 506.4 Q F0(suppress further output)180 506.4 Q F1(\\e)144 518.4 Q(\\E)144 530.4 Q F0(an escape character)180 530.4 Q F1(\\f)144 542.4 Q F0(form feed)180 542.4 Q F1(\\n)144 554.4 Q F0(ne)180 554.4 Q 2.5(wl)-.25 G(ine)-2.5 E F1(\\r)144 566.4 Q F0 (carriage return)180 566.4 Q F1(\\t)144 578.4 Q F0(horizontal tab)180 578.4 Q F1(\\v)144 590.4 Q F0 -.15(ve)180 590.4 S(rtical tab).15 E F1 (\\\\)144 602.4 Q F0(backslash)180 602.4 Q F1(\\0)144 614.4 Q F2(nnn)A F0(the eight-bit character whose v)180 614.4 Q(alue is the octal v)-.25 E(alue)-.25 E F2(nnn)2.5 E F0(\(zero to three octal digits\))2.5 E F1 (\\x)144 626.4 Q F2(HH)A F0(the eight-bit character whose v)180 626.4 Q (alue is the he)-.25 E(xadecimal v)-.15 E(alue)-.25 E F2(HH)2.5 E F0 (\(one or tw)2.5 E 2.5(oh)-.1 G .3 -.15(ex d)-2.5 H(igits\)).15 E F1 (\\u)144 638.4 Q F2(HHHH)A F0 1.507 (the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 650.4 R 1.506 (alue is the he)-.25 F 1.506(xadecimal v)-.15 F(alue)-.25 E F2(HHHH) 4.006 E F0(\(one to four he)180 662.4 Q 2.5(xd)-.15 G(igits\))-2.5 E F1 (\\U)144 674.4 Q F2(HHHHHHHH)A F0 .547 (the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 686.4 R .547 (alue is the he)-.25 F .548(xadecimal v)-.15 F(alue)-.25 E F2(HHHHH-) 3.048 E(HHH)180 698.4 Q F0(\(one to eight he)2.5 E 2.5(xd)-.15 G (igits\))-2.5 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)149.565 E(7)203.725 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 8 8 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 87.61 (TINS\(1\) General)-.92 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)90.11 G(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(enable)108 84 Q F0([) 2.5 E F1A F0 2.5(][)C F1(\255dnps)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(\214lename)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0 (...])2.5 E .278(Enable and disable b)144 96 R .278 (uiltin shell commands.)-.2 F .278(Disabling a b)5.278 F .278 (uiltin allo)-.2 F .278(ws a disk command which has)-.25 F .833 (the same name as a shell b)144 108 R .834(uiltin to be e)-.2 F -.15(xe) -.15 G .834(cuted without specifying a full pathname, e).15 F -.15(ve) -.25 G 3.334(nt).15 G(hough)-3.334 E .99 (the shell normally searches for b)144 120 R .989 (uiltins before disk commands.)-.2 F(If)5.989 E F13.489 E F0 .989 (is used, each)3.489 F F2(name)3.489 E F0 .989(is dis-)3.489 F 1.581 (abled; otherwise,)144 132 R F2(names)4.082 E F0 1.582(are enabled.) 4.082 F -.15(Fo)6.582 G 4.082(re).15 G 1.582(xample, to use the)-4.232 F F1(test)4.082 E F0 1.582(binary found via the)4.082 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)4.082 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .081(instead of the shell b)144 144 R .081(uiltin v)-.2 F .081(ersion, run)-.15 F/F4 10/Courier@0 SF .081 (enable -n test)2.581 F F0 5.081(.T)C(he)-5.081 E F12.58 E F0 .08 (option means to load the ne)2.58 F(w)-.25 E -.2(bu)144 156 S 1.524 (iltin command).2 F F2(name)4.384 E F0 1.524(from shared object)4.204 F F2(\214lename)4.024 E F0 4.024(,o).18 G 4.024(ns)-4.024 G 1.524 (ystems that support dynamic loading.)-4.024 F(The)144 168 Q F1 2.867 E F0 .367(option will delete a b)2.867 F .367(uiltin pre)-.2 F .367(viously loaded with)-.25 F F12.866 E F0 5.366(.I)C 2.866(fn) -5.366 G(o)-2.866 E F2(name)2.866 E F0(ar)2.866 E .366(guments are gi) -.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .366(n, or).15 F .398(if the)144 180 R F1 2.898 E F0 .399(option is supplied, a list of shell b)2.899 F .399 (uiltins is printed.)-.2 F -.4(Wi)5.399 G .399(th no other option ar).4 F .399(guments, the)-.18 F .099(list consists of all enabled shell b)144 192 R 2.598(uiltins. If)-.2 F F12.598 E F0 .098 (is supplied, only disabled b)2.598 F .098(uiltins are printed.)-.2 F (If)5.098 E F12.598 E F0 1.916 (is supplied, the list printed includes all b)144 204 R 1.916 (uiltins, with an indication of whether or not each is)-.2 F 2.879 (enabled. If)144 216 R F12.879 E F0 .379 (is supplied, the output is restricted to the POSIX)2.879 F F2(special) 2.879 E F0 -.2(bu)2.878 G 2.878(iltins. The).2 F .378(return v)2.878 F (alue)-.25 E .994(is 0 unless a)144 228 R F2(name)3.854 E F0 .994 (is not a shell b)3.674 F .994(uiltin or there is an error loading a ne) -.2 F 3.495(wb)-.25 G .995(uiltin from a shared)-3.695 F(object.)144 240 Q F1 -2.3 -.15(ev a)108 256.8 T(l).15 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0 (...])2.5 E(The)144 268.8 Q F2(ar)3.171 E(g)-.37 E F0 3.171(sa)C .671 (re read and concatenated together into a single command.)-3.171 F .67 (This command is then read)5.67 F .495(and e)144 280.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .495(cuted by the shell, and its e).15 F .495 (xit status is returned as the v)-.15 F .495(alue of)-.25 F F1 -2.3 -.15 (ev a)2.995 H(l).15 E F0 5.495(.I)C 2.995(ft)-5.495 G .495(here are no) -2.995 F F2(ar)2.995 E(gs)-.37 E F0(,).27 E(or only null ar)144 292.8 Q (guments,)-.18 E F1 -2.3 -.15(ev a)2.5 H(l).15 E F0(returns 0.)2.5 E F1 (exec)108 309.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255cl)A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2 (name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(command)-2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments) -.37 E F0(]])A(If)144 321.6 Q F2(command)3.006 E F0 .306 (is speci\214ed, it replaces the shell.)3.576 F .305(No ne)5.305 F 2.805 (wp)-.25 G .305(rocess is created.)-2.805 F(The)5.305 E F2(ar)3.135 E (guments)-.37 E F0(become)3.075 E .176(the ar)144 333.6 R .176 (guments to)-.18 F F2(command)2.676 E F0 5.176(.I)C 2.676(ft)-5.176 G (he)-2.676 E F12.676 E F0 .176 (option is supplied, the shell places a dash at the be)2.676 F .177 (ginning of)-.15 F .5(the zeroth ar)144 345.6 R .5(gument passed to)-.18 F F2(command)3 E F0 5.499(.T).77 G .499(his is what)-5.499 F F2(lo)2.999 E(gin)-.1 E F0 .499(\(1\) does.).24 F(The)5.499 E F12.999 E F0 .499(option causes)2.999 F F2(com-)3.199 E(mand)144 357.6 Q F0 .638 (to be e)3.908 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .638(cuted with an empty en).15 F 3.138 (vironment. If)-.4 F F13.138 E F0 .638 (is supplied, the shell passes)3.138 F F2(name)3.499 E F0 .639(as the) 3.319 F 1.078(zeroth ar)144 369.6 R 1.077(gument to the e)-.18 F -.15 (xe)-.15 G 1.077(cuted command.).15 F(If)6.077 E F2(command)3.777 E F0 1.077(cannot be e)4.347 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.077(cuted for some reason, a) .15 F(non-interacti)144 381.6 Q .876 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .576(hell e).15 F .576(xits, unless the)-.15 F F1(execfail)3.076 E F0 .577 (shell option is enabled.)3.077 F .577(In that case, it returns f)5.577 F(ail-)-.1 E 3.32(ure. An)144 393.6 R(interacti)3.32 E 1.12 -.15(ve s) -.25 H .82(hell returns f).15 F .82(ailure if the \214le cannot be e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.32(cuted. A).15 F .82(subshell e)3.32 F .82 (xits uncondi-)-.15 F .287(tionally if)144 405.6 R F1(exec)2.787 E F0 -.1(fa)2.787 G 2.787(ils. If).1 F F2(command)2.987 E F0 .287 (is not speci\214ed, an)3.557 F 2.788(yr)-.15 G .288(edirections tak) -2.788 F 2.788(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-2.788 G .288(ect in the current shell,) .25 F(and the return status is 0.)144 417.6 Q (If there is a redirection error)5 E 2.5(,t)-.4 G (he return status is 1.)-2.5 E F1(exit)108 434.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0 (])A .096(Cause the shell to e)144 434.4 R .096(xit with a status of) -.15 F F2(n)2.596 E F0 5.096(.I)C(f)-5.096 E F2(n)2.955 E F0 .095 (is omitted, the e)2.835 F .095(xit status is that of the last command) -.15 F -.15(exe)144 446.4 S 2.5(cuted. A).15 F(trap on)2.5 E F3(EXIT)2.5 E F0(is e)2.25 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted before the shell terminates.).15 E F1(export)108 463.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255fn)A F0 2.5(][).833 G F2(name) -2.5 E F0([=)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(]] ...)A F1(export \255p)108 475.2 Q F0 .256(The supplied)144 487.2 R F2(names)3.117 E F0 .257(are mark)3.027 F .257(ed for automatic e)-.1 F .257(xport to the en)-.15 F .257 (vironment of subsequently e)-.4 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E 2.627 (commands. If)144 499.2 R(the)2.627 E F12.627 E F0 .127 (option is gi)2.627 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .127(n, the).15 F F2(names)2.987 E F0 .127(refer to functions.)2.897 F .127(If no)5.127 F F2(names)2.987 E F0 .127(are gi)2.897 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .126(n, or if the).15 F F1 144 511.2 Q F0 .048(option is supplied, a list of names of all e)2.547 F .048(xported v)-.15 F .048(ariables is printed.)-.25 F(The)5.048 E F1 2.548 E F0 .048(option causes the)2.548 F -.15(ex)144 523.2 S 1.447(port property to be remo).15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.947(df).15 G 1.447 (rom each)-3.947 F F2(name)3.947 E F0 6.447(.I)C 3.947(fav)-6.447 G 1.447(ariable name is follo)-4.197 F 1.447(wed by =)-.25 F F2(wor)A(d) -.37 E F0 3.946(,t)C(he)-3.946 E -.25(va)144 535.2 S .741(lue of the v) .25 F .741(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(wor)3.241 E(d)-.37 E F0(.)A F1 (export)5.741 E F0 .742(returns an e)3.242 F .742 (xit status of 0 unless an in)-.15 F -.25(va)-.4 G .742(lid option is) .25 F .032(encountered, one of the)144 547.2 R F2(names)2.532 E F0 .032 (is not a v)2.532 F .032(alid shell v)-.25 F .032(ariable name, or)-.25 F F12.531 E F0 .031(is supplied with a)2.531 F F2(name)2.891 E F0 (that)2.711 E(is not a function.)144 559.2 Q F1(fc)108 576 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F2(ename)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(\255lnr)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2 <8c72>-2.5 E(st)-.1 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(last)-2.5 E F0(])A F1(fc \255s)108 588 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(pat)A F0(=)A F2 -.37(re)C(p).37 E F0 2.5(][)C F2 (cmd)-2.5 E F0(])A .431 (The \214rst form selects a range of commands from)144 600 R F2<8c72> 4.842 E(st)-.1 E F0(to)3.612 E F2(last)3.022 E F0 .432 (from the history list and displays or)3.612 F .142(edits and re-e)144 612 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .142(cutes them.).15 F F2 -.45(Fi)5.141 G -.1(rs) .45 G(t).1 E F0(and)3.321 E F2(last)2.731 E F0 .141 (may be speci\214ed as a string \(to locate the last command)3.321 F(be) 144 624 Q .31(ginning with that string\) or as a number \(an inde)-.15 F 2.811(xi)-.15 G .311(nto the history list, where a ne)-2.811 F -.05(ga) -.15 G(ti).05 E .611 -.15(ve n)-.25 H(umber).15 E .19(is used as an of) 144 636 R .19(fset from the current command number\).)-.25 F(If)5.19 E F2(last)2.779 E F0 .189(is not speci\214ed, it is set to the cur)3.369 F (-)-.2 E .948(rent command for listing \(so that)144 648 R F4 .948 (fc \255l \25510)3.448 F F0 .948(prints the last 10 commands\) and to) 3.448 F F2<8c72>5.359 E(st)-.1 E F0(other)4.129 E(-)-.2 E 2.5(wise. If) 144 660 R F2<8c72>4.41 E(st)-.1 E F0 (is not speci\214ed, it is set to the pre)3.18 E (vious command for editing and \25516 for listing.)-.25 E(The)144 684 Q F12.522 E F0 .022 (option suppresses the command numbers when listing.)2.522 F(The)5.022 E F12.522 E F0 .022(option re)2.522 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .022 (rses the order of).15 F .438(the commands.)144 696 R .438(If the)5.438 F F12.938 E F0 .438(option is gi)2.938 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .438 (n, the commands are listed on standard output.).15 F(Otherwise,)5.438 E .335(the editor gi)144 708 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.835(nb).15 G(y)-2.835 E F2 (ename)3.025 E F0 .335(is in)3.015 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.835(do) .1 G 2.835(na\214)-2.835 G .335(le containing those commands.)-2.835 F (If)5.334 E F2(ename)3.024 E F0 .334(is not gi)3.014 F -.15(ve)-.25 G (n,).15 E 1.668(the v)144 720 R 1.668(alue of the)-.25 F F3(FCEDIT)4.168 E F0 -.25(va)3.918 G 1.668(riable is used, and the v).25 F 1.669 (alue of)-.25 F F3(EDIT)4.169 E(OR)-.162 E F0(if)3.919 E F3(FCEDIT)4.169 E F0 1.669(is not set.)3.919 F(If)6.669 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q (2004 Apr 20)149.565 E(8)203.725 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 9 9 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 87.61 (TINS\(1\) General)-.92 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)90.11 G(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E .187(neither v)144 84 R .187 (ariable is set,)-.25 F/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(vi)4.353 E F0 .187 (is used.)4.353 F .187 (When editing is complete, the edited commands are echoed and)5.187 F -.15(exe)144 96 S(cuted.).15 E .788(In the second form,)144 120 R F1 (command)3.288 E F0 .788(is re-e)3.288 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .788 (cuted after each instance of).15 F F1(pat)3.288 E F0 .788 (is replaced by)3.288 F F1 -.37(re)3.289 G(p).37 E F0(.)A F1(Com-)5.789 E(mand)144 132 Q F0 .172(is interpreted the same as)2.672 F F1<8c72> 2.672 E(st)-.1 E F0(abo)2.672 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.172(.A).15 G .171 (useful alias to use with this is)-2.5 F/F2 10/Courier@0 SF .171 (r='fc \255s')2.671 F F0 2.671(,s)C 2.671(ot)-2.671 G(hat)-2.671 E (typing)144 144 Q F2 7.165(rc)3.665 G(c)-7.165 E F0 1.165 (runs the last command be)3.665 F 1.166(ginning with)-.15 F F2(cc)3.666 E F0 1.166(and typing)3.666 F F2(r)3.666 E F0(re-e)3.666 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.166(cutes the last com-).15 F(mand.)144 156 Q .142 (If the \214rst form is used, the return v)144 180 R .142 (alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .142 (lid option is encountered or).25 F F1<8c72>4.552 E(st)-.1 E F0(or)3.322 E F1(last)2.732 E F0 .454(specify history lines out of range.)144 192 R .454(If the)5.454 F/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF2.954 E F0 .454 (option is supplied, the return v)2.954 F .455(alue is the v)-.25 F .455 (alue of the)-.25 F .788(last command e)144 204 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .788 (cuted or f).15 F .787 (ailure if an error occurs with the temporary \214le of commands.)-.1 F .787(If the)5.787 F 1.135 (second form is used, the return status is that of the command re-e)144 216 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.136(cuted, unless).15 F F1(cmd)3.836 E F0 1.136 (does not)4.406 F(specify a v)144 228 Q (alid history line, in which case)-.25 E F3(fc)2.5 E F0(returns f)2.5 E (ailure.)-.1 E F3(fg)108 244.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(jobspec)A F0(])A(Resume) 144 256.8 Q F1(jobspec)5.654 E F0 1.413(in the fore)4.224 F 1.413 (ground, and mak)-.15 F 3.913(ei)-.1 G 3.913(tt)-3.913 G 1.413 (he current job)-3.913 F 6.413(.I)-.4 G(f)-6.413 E F1(jobspec)5.653 E F0 1.413(is not present, the)4.223 F(shell')144 268.8 Q 3.116(sn)-.55 G .616(otion of the)-3.116 F F1(curr)3.116 E .616(ent job)-.37 F F0 .617 (is used.)3.116 F .617(The return v)5.617 F .617 (alue is that of the command placed into the)-.25 F(fore)144 280.8 Q .363(ground, or f)-.15 F .363 (ailure if run when job control is disabled or)-.1 F 2.862(,w)-.4 G .362 (hen run with job control enabled, if)-2.862 F F1(jobspec)145.74 292.8 Q F0(does not specify a v)2.81 E(alid job or)-.25 E F1(jobspec)4.24 E F0 (speci\214es a job that w)2.81 E(as started without job control.)-.1 E F3(getopts)108 309.6 Q F1(optstring name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1(ar)A(gs) -.37 E F0(])A F3(getopts)144 321.6 Q F0 .793 (is used by shell procedures to parse positional parameters.)3.293 F F1 (optstring)6.023 E F0 .793(contains the option)3.513 F .15 (characters to be recognized; if a character is follo)144 333.6 R .149 (wed by a colon, the option is e)-.25 F .149(xpected to ha)-.15 F .449 -.15(ve a)-.2 H(n).15 E(ar)144 345.6 Q .578 (gument, which should be separated from it by white space.)-.18 F .579 (The colon and question mark char)5.579 F(-)-.2 E 1.665 (acters may not be used as option characters.)144 357.6 R 1.665 (Each time it is in)6.665 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d,).1 E F3(getopts) 4.165 E F0 1.665(places the ne)4.165 F(xt)-.15 E .796 (option in the shell v)144 369.6 R(ariable)-.25 E F1(name)3.296 E F0 3.296(,i).18 G(nitializing)-3.296 E F1(name)3.657 E F0 .797 (if it does not e)3.477 F .797(xist, and the inde)-.15 F 3.297(xo)-.15 G 3.297(ft)-3.297 G .797(he ne)-3.297 F(xt)-.15 E(ar)144 381.6 Q .085 (gument to be processed into the v)-.18 F(ariable)-.25 E/F4 9 /Times-Bold@0 SF(OPTIND)2.585 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F4(OPTIND) 4.585 E F0 .085(is initialized to 1 each time the shell)2.335 F .845 (or a shell script is in)144 393.6 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.345 (d. When).1 F .845(an option requires an ar)3.345 F(gument,)-.18 E F3 (getopts)3.346 E F0 .846(places that ar)3.346 F(gument)-.18 E .804 (into the v)144 405.6 R(ariable)-.25 E F4(OPT)3.304 E(ARG)-.81 E F5(.)A F0 .803(The shell does not reset)5.304 F F4(OPTIND)3.303 E F0 .803 (automatically; it must be manually)3.053 F .293 (reset between multiple calls to)144 417.6 R F3(getopts)2.793 E F0 .293 (within the same shell in)2.793 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .293(cation if a ne).2 F 2.793(ws)-.25 G .294(et of parameters)-2.793 F(is to be used.)144 429.6 Q 2.044(When the end of options is encountered,)144 453.6 R F3(getopts) 4.543 E F0 -.15(ex)4.543 G 2.043(its with a return v).15 F 2.043 (alue greater than zero.)-.25 F F4(OPTIND)144 465.6 Q F0 (is set to the inde)2.25 E 2.5(xo)-.15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G (he \214rst non-option ar)-2.5 E(gument, and)-.18 E F1(name)2.5 E F0 (is set to ?.)2.5 E F3(getopts)144 489.6 Q F0 2.392 (normally parses the positional parameters, b)4.892 F 2.392 (ut if more ar)-.2 F 2.393(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 4.893 (ni).15 G(n)-4.893 E F1(ar)4.893 E(gs)-.37 E F0(,).27 E F3(getopts)144 501.6 Q F0(parses those instead.)2.5 E F3(getopts)144 525.6 Q F0 1.166 (can report errors in tw)3.666 F 3.665(ow)-.1 G 3.665(ays. If)-3.765 F 1.165(the \214rst character of)3.665 F F1(optstring)3.895 E F0 1.165 (is a colon,)3.885 F F1(silent)4.005 E F0(error)4.345 E 1.07 (reporting is used.)144 537.6 R 1.071 (In normal operation, diagnostic messages are printed when in)6.07 F -.25(va)-.4 G 1.071(lid options or).25 F .394(missing option ar)144 549.6 R .394(guments are encountered.)-.18 F .394(If the v)5.394 F (ariable)-.25 E F4(OPTERR)2.894 E F0 .394 (is set to 0, no error messages)2.644 F(will be displayed, e)144 561.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he \214rst character of)-2.5 E F1(optstring)2.73 E F0(is not a colon.)2.72 E .666(If an in)144 585.6 R -.25(va)-.4 G .666(lid option is seen,).25 F F3(getopts)3.166 E F0 .667 (places ? into)3.167 F F1(name)3.527 E F0 .667 (and, if not silent, prints an error message)3.347 F .4(and unsets)144 597.6 R F4(OPT)2.9 E(ARG)-.81 E F5(.)A F0(If)4.899 E F3(getopts)2.899 E F0 .399(is silent, the option character found is placed in)2.899 F F4 (OPT)2.899 E(ARG)-.81 E F0 .399(and no)2.649 F (diagnostic message is printed.)144 609.6 Q 1.241(If a required ar)144 633.6 R 1.241(gument is not found, and)-.18 F F3(getopts)3.741 E F0 1.241(is not silent, a question mark \()3.741 F F3(?).833 E F0 3.742 (\)i).833 G 3.742(sp)-3.742 G 1.242(laced in)-3.742 F F1(name)144 645.6 Q F0(,).18 E F4(OPT)2.735 E(ARG)-.81 E F0 .234 (is unset, and a diagnostic message is printed.)2.485 F(If)5.234 E F3 (getopts)2.734 E F0 .234(is silent, then a colon \()2.734 F F3(:).833 E F0(\)).833 E(is placed in)144 657.6 Q F1(name)2.86 E F0(and)2.68 E F4 (OPT)2.5 E(ARG)-.81 E F0(is set to the option character found.)2.25 E F3 (getopts)144 681.6 Q F0 .902 (returns true if an option, speci\214ed or unspeci\214ed, is found.) 3.401 F .902(It returns f)5.902 F .902(alse if the end of)-.1 F (options is encountered or an error occurs.)144 693.6 Q(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)149.565 E(9)203.725 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 10 10 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 87.61 (TINS\(1\) General)-.92 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)90.11 G(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(hash)108 84 Q F0([) 2.5 E F1(\255lr)A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF (\214lename)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(\255dt)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(])A .858(Each time)144 96 R F1(hash)3.358 E F0 .858(is in)3.358 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G .858(d, the full pathname of the command).1 F F2(name)3.718 E F0 .858(is determined by searching)3.538 F .956 (the directories in)144 108 R F1($P)3.456 E -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0 .956(and remembered.)3.456 F(An)5.956 E 3.456(yp)-.15 G(re)-3.456 E .956 (viously-remembered pathname is discarded.)-.25 F .243(If the)144 120 R F12.743 E F0 .243 (option is supplied, no path search is performed, and)2.743 F F2 (\214lename)4.653 E F0 .242(is used as the full \214lename)2.923 F 1.711 (of the command.)144 132 R(The)6.711 E F14.211 E F0 1.711 (option causes the shell to for)4.211 F 1.712 (get all remembered locations.)-.18 F(The)6.712 E F14.212 E F0 .833(option causes the shell to for)144 144 R .833 (get the remembered location of each)-.18 F F2(name)3.333 E F0 5.833(.I) C 3.333(ft)-5.833 G(he)-3.333 E F13.333 E F0 .833(option is sup-) 3.333 F .703(plied, the full pathname to which each)144 156 R F2(name) 3.204 E F0 .704(corresponds is printed.)3.204 F .704(If multiple)5.704 F F2(name)3.204 E F0(ar)3.204 E(guments)-.18 E .795(are supplied with)144 168 R F13.295 E F0 3.295(,t)C(he)-3.295 E F2(name)3.295 E F0 .795 (is printed before the hashed full pathname.)3.295 F(The)5.795 E F1 3.295 E F0 .795(option causes)3.295 F .934 (output to be displayed in a format that may be reused as input.)144 180 R .934(If no ar)5.934 F .935(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .935 (n, or if).15 F(only)144 192 Q F12.822 E F0 .322 (is supplied, information about remembered commands is printed.)2.822 F .321(The return status is true)5.321 F(unless a)144 204 Q F2(name)2.86 E F0(is not found or an in)2.68 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid option is supplied.) .25 E F1(help)108 220.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255dms)A F0 2.5(][)C F2 (pattern)-2.5 E F0(])A .866(Display helpful information about b)144 232.8 R .867(uiltin commands.)-.2 F(If)5.867 E F2(pattern)4.617 E F0 .867(is speci\214ed,)3.607 F F1(help)3.367 E F0(gi)3.367 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.367(sd).15 G(etailed)-3.367 E .307(help on all commands matching)144 244.8 R F2(pattern)2.807 E F0 2.807(;o).24 G .307 (therwise help for all the b)-2.807 F .306 (uiltins and shell control struc-)-.2 F(tures is printed.)144 256.8 Q F1 144 268.8 Q F0(Display a short description of each)180 268.8 Q F2 (pattern)2.5 E F1144 280.8 Q F0(Display the description of each) 180 280.8 Q F2(pattern)2.5 E F0(in a manpage-lik)2.5 E 2.5(ef)-.1 G (ormat)-2.5 E F1144 292.8 Q F0 (Display only a short usage synopsis for each)180 292.8 Q F2(pattern)2.5 E F0(The return status is 0 unless no command matches)144 309.6 Q F2 (pattern)2.5 E F0(.).24 E F1(history [)108 326.4 Q F2(n)A F1(])A (history \255c)108 338.4 Q(history \255d)108 350.4 Q F2(of)2.5 E(fset) -.18 E F1(history \255d)108 362.4 Q F2(start)2.5 E F0A F2(end)A F1 (history \255anrw)108 374.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\214lename)A F0(])A F1 (history \255p)108 386.4 Q F2(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A 2.5 (g.)-.37 G(..)-2.5 E F0(])A F1(history \255s)108 398.4 Q F2(ar)2.5 E(g) -.37 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A 2.5(g.)-.37 G(..)-2.5 E F0(])A -.4(Wi)144 410.4 S .752 (th no options, display the command history list with line numbers.).4 F .752(Lines listed with a)5.752 F F1(*)3.252 E F0(ha)3.252 E -.15(ve)-.2 G .381(been modi\214ed.)144 422.4 R .38(An ar)5.38 F .38(gument of)-.18 F F2(n)3.24 E F0 .38(lists only the last)3.12 F F2(n)3.24 E F0 2.88 (lines. If)3.12 F .38(the shell v)2.88 F(ariable)-.25 E/F3 9 /Times-Bold@0 SF(HISTTIMEFOR-)2.88 E(MA)144 434.4 Q(T)-.855 E F0 .264 (is set and not null, it is used as a format string for)2.514 F F2 (strftime)2.765 E F0 .265(\(3\) to display the time stamp asso-)B 1.02 (ciated with each displayed history entry)144 446.4 R 6.019(.N)-.65 G 3.519(oi)-6.019 G(nterv)-3.519 E 1.019 (ening blank is printed between the formatted)-.15 F .176 (time stamp and the history line.)144 458.4 R(If)5.176 E F2(\214lename) 2.676 E F0 .176 (is supplied, it is used as the name of the history \214le; if)2.676 F (not, the v)144 470.4 Q(alue of)-.25 E F3(HISTFILE)2.5 E F0(is used.) 2.25 E(Options, if supplied, ha)5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E (wing meanings:)-.25 E F1144 482.4 Q F0 (Clear the history list by deleting all the entries.)180 482.4 Q F1 144 494.4 Q F2(of)2.5 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .39 (Delete the history entry at position)180 506.4 R F2(of)2.889 E(fset) -.18 E F0 5.389(.I)C(f)-5.389 E F2(of)2.889 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .389(is ne) 2.889 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.889(,i).15 G 2.889(ti) -2.889 G 2.889(si)-2.889 G .389(nterpreted as relati)-2.889 F -.15(ve) -.25 G .598(to one greater than the last history position, so ne)180 518.4 R -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .899 -.15(ve i)-.25 H .599 (ndices count back from the end).15 F(of the history)180 530.4 Q 2.5(,a) -.65 G(nd an inde)-2.5 E 2.5(xo)-.15 G 2.5<66ad>-2.5 G 2.5(1r)-2.5 G (efers to the current)-2.5 E F1(history -d)2.5 E F0(command.)2.5 E F1 144 542.4 Q F2(start)2.5 E F0A F2(end)A F0 .758 (Delete the history entries between positions)180 554.4 R F2(start)3.258 E F0(and)3.257 E F2(end)3.257 E F0 3.257(,i)C(nclusi)-3.257 E -.15(ve) -.25 G 5.757(.P).15 G(ositi)-5.757 E 1.057 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .757(nd ne) .15 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(-).05 E(ti)180 566.4 Q .3 -.15(ve v)-.25 H (alues for)-.1 E F2(start)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F2(end)2.5 E F0 (are interpreted as described abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E F1 144 578.4 Q F0 .564(Append the `)180 578.4 R(`ne)-.74 E(w')-.25 E 3.064 ('h)-.74 G .564(istory lines to the history \214le.)-3.064 F .565 (These are history lines entered since)5.564 F(the be)180 590.4 Q (ginning of the current)-.15 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(session, b)2.5 E (ut not already appended to the history \214le.)-.2 E F1144 602.4 Q F0 .854(Read the history lines not already read from the history \214\ le into the current history list.)180 602.4 R .772 (These are lines appended to the history \214le since the be)180 614.4 R .773(ginning of the current)-.15 F F1(bash)3.273 E F0(ses-)3.273 E (sion.)180 626.4 Q F1144 638.4 Q F0(Read the contents of the hist\ ory \214le and append them to the current history list.)180 638.4 Q F1 144 650.4 Q F0 (Write the current history list to the history \214le, o)180 650.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(rwriting the history \214le').15 E 2.5(sc)-.55 G (ontents.)-2.5 E F1144 662.4 Q F0 .626 (Perform history substitution on the follo)180 662.4 R(wing)-.25 E F2 (ar)3.125 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .625(and display the result on the standard) 3.125 F 2.975(output. Does)180 674.4 R .475 (not store the results in the history list.)2.975 F(Each)5.475 E F2(ar) 2.975 E(g)-.37 E F0 .475(must be quoted to disable)2.975 F (normal history e)180 686.4 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1144 698.4 Q F0 .363(Store the)180 698.4 R F2(ar)3.193 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .363 (in the history list as a single entry)3.133 F 5.363(.T)-.65 G .362 (he last command in the history list is)-5.363 F(remo)180 710.4 Q -.15 (ve)-.15 G 2.5(db).15 G(efore the)-2.5 E F2(ar)2.83 E(gs)-.37 E F0 (are added.)2.77 E .145(If the)144 727.2 R F3(HISTTIMEFORMA)2.645 E(T) -.855 E F0 -.25(va)2.395 G .145 (riable is set, the time stamp information associated with each history) .25 F(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)149.565 E(10)198.725 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 11 11 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 87.61 (TINS\(1\) General)-.92 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)90.11 G(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E .669 (entry is written to the history \214le, mark)144 84 R .669 (ed with the history comment character)-.1 F 5.668(.W)-.55 G .668 (hen the history)-5.668 F .955(\214le is read, lines be)144 96 R .956 (ginning with the history comment character follo)-.15 F .956 (wed immediately by a digit)-.25 F 1.796 (are interpreted as timestamps for the follo)144 108 R 1.795 (wing history entry)-.25 F 6.795(.T)-.65 G 1.795(he return v)-6.795 F 1.795(alue is 0 unless an)-.25 F(in)144 120 Q -.25(va)-.4 G .768(lid op\ tion is encountered, an error occurs while reading or writing the histo\ ry \214le, an in).25 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF (of)144 132 Q(fset)-.18 E F0 1.032(is supplied as an ar)3.532 F 1.031 (gument to)-.18 F/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF3.531 E F0 3.531(,o)C 3.531 (rt)-3.531 G 1.031(he history e)-3.531 F 1.031 (xpansion supplied as an ar)-.15 F 1.031(gument to)-.18 F F23.531 E F0 -.1(fa)144 144 S(ils.).1 E F2(jobs)108 160.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F2 (\255lnprs)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(jobspec)A F0(... ])2.5 E F2(jobs \255x)108 172.8 Q F1(command)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1(ar)2.5 E(gs)-.37 E F0(... ])2.5 E (The \214rst form lists the acti)144 184.8 Q .3 -.15(ve j)-.25 H 2.5 (obs. The).15 F(options ha)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E (wing meanings:)-.25 E F2144 196.8 Q F0 (List process IDs in addition to the normal information.)180 196.8 Q F2 144 208.8 Q F0 .193(Display information only about jobs that ha) 180 208.8 R .494 -.15(ve c)-.2 H .194(hanged status since the user w).15 F .194(as last noti-)-.1 F(\214ed of their status.)180 220.8 Q F2 144 232.8 Q F0(List only the process ID of the job')180 232.8 Q 2.5(sp) -.55 G(rocess group leader)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F2144 244.8 Q F0 (Display only running jobs.)180 244.8 Q F2144 256.8 Q F0 (Display only stopped jobs.)180 256.8 Q(If)144 273.6 Q F1(jobspec)4.554 E F0 .314(is gi)3.124 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .314 (n, output is restricted to information about that job).15 F 5.313(.T) -.4 G .313(he return status is 0 unless)-5.313 F(an in)144 285.6 Q -.25 (va)-.4 G(lid option is encountered or an in).25 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E F1(jobspec)4.24 E F0(is supplied.)2.81 E .394(If the)144 302.4 R F2 2.894 E F0 .394(option is supplied,)2.894 F F2(jobs)2.894 E F0 .394(replaces an)2.894 F(y)-.15 E F1(jobspec)4.634 E F0 .394(found in) 3.204 F F1(command)3.094 E F0(or)3.664 E F1(ar)3.224 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .395 (with the corre-)3.164 F(sponding process group ID, and e)144 314.4 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cutes).15 E F1(command)2.7 E F0(passing it)3.27 E F1(ar) 2.5 E(gs)-.37 E F0 2.5(,r).27 G(eturning its e)-2.5 E(xit status.)-.15 E F2(kill)108 331.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F2A F1(sigspec)2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F2 2.5 E F1(signum)2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F22.5 E F1(sigspec)A F0 2.5 (][)C F1(pid)-2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F1(jobspec)2.5 E F0 2.5(].)C(..)-2.5 E F2 (kill \255l)108 343.2 Q F0(|)A F2A F0([)2.5 E F1(sigspec)A F0(|) 2.5 E F1 -.2(ex)2.5 G(it_status).2 E F0(])A .12 (Send the signal named by)144 355.2 R F1(sigspec)2.96 E F0(or)2.93 E F1 (signum)2.96 E F0 .119(to the processes named by)2.939 F F1(pid)3.869 E F0(or)3.389 E F1(jobspec)2.619 E F0(.).31 E F1(sigspec)5.459 E F0(is) 2.929 E .318(either a case-insensiti)144 367.2 R .618 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .318(ignal name such as).15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGKILL)2.818 E F0 .319(\(with or without the)2.569 F F3(SIG)2.819 E F0 .319 (pre\214x\) or a signal)2.569 F(number;)144 379.2 Q F1(signum)4.189 E F0 1.349(is a signal number)4.169 F 6.349(.I)-.55 G(f)-6.349 E F1(sigspec) 4.189 E F0 1.349(is not present, then)4.159 F F3(SIGTERM)3.849 E F0 1.348(is assumed.)3.599 F(An)6.348 E(ar)144 391.2 Q .522(gument of)-.18 F F23.023 E F0 .523(lists the signal names.)3.023 F .523(If an) 5.523 F 3.023(ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)-3.023 G .523(uments are supplied when) .18 F F23.023 E F0 .523(is gi)3.023 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .523 (n, the names).15 F .28(of the signals corresponding to the ar)144 403.2 R .28(guments are listed, and the return status is 0.)-.18 F(The)5.28 E F1 -.2(ex)2.78 G(it_status).2 E F0(ar)144 415.2 Q .377(gument to)-.18 F F22.877 E F0 .378 (is a number specifying either a signal number or the e)2.877 F .378 (xit status of a process termi-)-.15 F .963(nated by a signal.)144 427.2 R(The)5.962 E F23.462 E F0 .962(option is equi)3.462 F -.25(va) -.25 G .962(lent to).25 F F23.462 E F0(.)A F2(kill)5.962 E F0 .962 (returns true if at least one signal w)3.462 F(as)-.1 E (successfully sent, or f)144 439.2 Q(alse if an error occurs or an in) -.1 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid option is encountered.).25 E F2(let)108 456 Q F1 (ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F1(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E(Each)144 468 Q F1(ar)3.026 E(g)-.37 E F0 .196(is an arithmetic e)2.916 F .197 (xpression to be e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .197(luated \(see).25 F F3 .197 (ARITHMETIC EV)2.697 F(ALU)-1.215 E -.855(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E F0(abo) 2.447 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.697(\). If).15 F(the last)144 480 Q F1(ar)2.83 E(g)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)2.72 G(luates to 0,).25 E F2(let)2.5 E F0 (returns 1; 0 is returned otherwise.)2.5 E F2(local)108 496.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(option)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F1(value)A F0 2.5(].)C (.. | \255 ])-2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 508.8 S 2.56(re).15 G .06(ach ar)-2.56 F .06(gument, a local v)-.18 F .06(ariable named)-.25 F F1(name)2.92 E F0 .06(is created, and assigned)2.74 F F1(value)2.56 E F0 5.06(.T).18 G(he) -5.06 E F1(option)2.56 E F0 .06(can be)2.56 F(an)144 520.8 Q 3.152(yo) -.15 G 3.152(ft)-3.152 G .652(he options accepted by)-3.152 F F2(declar) 3.152 E(e)-.18 E F0 5.652(.W)C(hen)-5.652 E F2(local)3.152 E F0 .653 (is used within a function, it causes the v)3.152 F(ari-)-.25 E(able)144 532.8 Q F1(name)3.282 E F0 .422(to ha)3.102 F .722 -.15(ve a v)-.2 H .422(isible scope restricted to that function and its children.).15 F (If)5.421 E F1(name)2.921 E F0 .421(is \255, the set)2.921 F 1.461 (of shell options is made local to the function in which)144 544.8 R F2 (local)3.961 E F0 1.462(is in)3.961 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 1.462 (d: shell options changed).1 F 1.563(using the)144 556.8 R F2(set)4.063 E F0 -.2(bu)4.063 G 1.563 (iltin inside the function are restored to their original v).2 F 1.562 (alues when the function)-.25 F 3.743(returns. W)144 568.8 R 1.243 (ith no operands,)-.4 F F2(local)3.743 E F0 1.243 (writes a list of local v)3.743 F 1.244 (ariables to the standard output.)-.25 F 1.244(It is an)6.244 F .42 (error to use)144 580.8 R F2(local)2.92 E F0 .42 (when not within a function.)2.92 F .42(The return status is 0 unless) 5.42 F F2(local)2.92 E F0 .42(is used outside a)2.92 F(function, an in) 144 592.8 Q -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E F1(name)2.86 E F0(is supplied, or) 2.68 E F1(name)2.5 E F0(is a readonly v)2.5 E(ariable.)-.25 E F2(logout) 108 609.6 Q F0(Exit a login shell.)144 609.6 Q F2(map\214le)108 626.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2A F1(delim)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F1(count) 2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F1(origin)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2 -2.5 E F1(count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2 -2.5 E F1(fd)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F1(callbac)2.5 E(k)-.2 E F0 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F1(quantum)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(arr)-2.5 E (ay)-.15 E F0(])A F2 -.18(re)108 638.4 S(adarray).18 E F0([)2.5 E F2 A F1(delim)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F1(count)2.5 E F0 2.5 (][)C F2-2.5 E F1(origin)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F1 (count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F1 (fd)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F1(callbac)2.5 E(k)-.2 E F0 2.5(][) C F2-2.5 E F1(quantum)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(arr)-2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0 (])A .179(Read lines from the standard input into the inde)144 650.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.679(da).15 G .179(rray v)-2.679 F(ariable)-.25 E F1 (arr)2.68 E(ay)-.15 E F0 2.68(,o).32 G 2.68(rf)-2.68 G .18 (rom \214le descriptor)-2.68 F F1(fd)4.65 E F0 1.249(if the)144 662.4 R F23.749 E F0 1.249(option is supplied.)3.749 F 1.249(The v)6.249 F (ariable)-.25 E F3(MAPFILE)3.749 E F0 1.249(is the def)3.499 F(ault)-.1 E F1(arr)3.748 E(ay)-.15 E F0 6.248(.O)C 1.248(ptions, if supplied,) -6.248 F(ha)144 674.4 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E (wing meanings:)-.25 E F2144 686.4 Q F0 .91 (The \214rst character of)180 686.4 R F1(delim)3.41 E F0 .911 (is used to terminate each input line, rather than ne)3.41 F 3.411 (wline. If)-.25 F F1(delim)180 698.4 Q F0(is the empty string,)2.5 E F2 (map\214le)2.5 E F0(will terminate a line when it reads a NUL character) 2.5 E(.)-.55 E F2144 710.4 Q F0(Cop)180 710.4 Q 2.5(ya)-.1 G 2.5 (tm)-2.5 G(ost)-2.5 E F1(count)2.7 E F0 2.5(lines. If)3.18 F F1(count) 2.5 E F0(is 0, all lines are copied.)2.5 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q (2004 Apr 20)149.565 E(11)198.725 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 12 12 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 87.61 (TINS\(1\) General)-.92 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)90.11 G(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF144 84 Q F0(Be) 180 84 Q(gin assigning to)-.15 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(arr)2.83 E(ay) -.15 E F0(at inde)2.82 E(x)-.15 E F2(origin)2.5 E F0 5(.T).24 G(he def) -5 E(ault inde)-.1 E 2.5(xi)-.15 G 2.5(s0)-2.5 G(.)-2.5 E F1144 96 Q F0(Discard the \214rst)180 96 Q F2(count)2.5 E F0(lines read.)2.5 E F1 144 108 Q F0(Remo)180 108 Q .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H(railing).15 E F2 (delim)2.5 E F0(\(def)2.5 E(ault ne)-.1 E(wline\) from each line read.) -.25 E F1144 120 Q F0(Read lines from \214le descriptor)180 120 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0(instead of the standard input.)2.5 E F1144 132 Q F0 (Ev)180 132 Q(aluate)-.25 E F2(callbac)2.7 E(k)-.2 E F0(each time)3.17 E F2(quantum)2.5 E F0(lines are read.)2.5 E(The)5 E F12.5 E F0 (option speci\214es)2.5 E F2(quantum)2.5 E F0(.).32 E F1144 144 Q F0(Specify the number of lines read between each call to)180 144 Q F2 (callbac)2.5 E(k)-.2 E F0(.).67 E(If)144 160.8 Q F12.968 E F0 .467 (is speci\214ed without)2.967 F F12.967 E F0 2.967(,t)C .467 (he def)-2.967 F .467(ault quantum is 5000.)-.1 F(When)5.467 E F2 (callbac)2.967 E(k)-.2 E F0 .467(is e)2.967 F -.25(va)-.25 G .467 (luated, it is sup-).25 F .261(plied the inde)144 172.8 R 2.761(xo)-.15 G 2.761(ft)-2.761 G .261(he ne)-2.761 F .262(xt array element to be ass\ igned and the line to be assigned to that element)-.15 F .275 (as additional ar)144 184.8 R(guments.)-.18 E F2(callbac)5.275 E(k)-.2 E F0 .275(is e)2.775 F -.25(va)-.25 G .274 (luated after the line is read b).25 F .274 (ut before the array element is)-.2 F(assigned.)144 196.8 Q (If not supplied with an e)144 213.6 Q(xplicit origin,)-.15 E F1 (map\214le)2.5 E F0(will clear)2.5 E F2(arr)2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0 (before assigning to it.)2.5 E F1(map\214le)144 230.4 Q F0 1.905 (returns successfully unless an in)4.405 F -.25(va)-.4 G 1.905 (lid option or option ar).25 F 1.906(gument is supplied,)-.18 F F2(arr) 4.406 E(ay)-.15 E F0(is)4.406 E(in)144 242.4 Q -.25(va)-.4 G (lid or unassignable, or if).25 E F2(arr)2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0 (is not an inde)2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.5(da).15 G(rray)-2.5 E(.)-.65 E F1(popd)108 259.2 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1(n)A F0 2.5(][)C(+)-2.5 E F2(n)A F0 2.5(][)C-2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A(Remo)144 271.2 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.8(se) .15 G .3(ntries from the directory stack.)-2.8 F -.4(Wi)5.299 G .299 (th no ar).4 F .299(guments, remo)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.799(st).15 G .299(he top directory from the)-2.799 F 1.478(stack, and performs a)144 283.2 R F1(cd)3.978 E F0 1.479(to the ne)3.978 F 3.979(wt)-.25 G 1.479 (op directory)-3.979 F 6.479(.A)-.65 G -.18(rg)-6.479 G 1.479 (uments, if supplied, ha).18 F 1.779 -.15(ve t)-.2 H 1.479(he follo).15 F(wing)-.25 E(meanings:)144 295.2 Q F1144 307.2 Q F0 .551 (Suppresses the normal change of directory when remo)180 307.2 R .551 (ving directories from the stack, so)-.15 F (that only the stack is manipulated.)180 319.2 Q F1(+)144 331.2 Q F2(n)A F0(Remo)180 331.2 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.64(st).15 G(he)-2.64 E F2(n)2.64 E F0 .14(th entry counting from the left of the list sho)B .14(wn by)-.25 F F1(dirs)2.64 E F0 2.64(,s)C .14(tarting with zero.)-2.64 F -.15(Fo)180 343.2 S 2.5(re).15 G(xample:)-2.65 E/F3 10/Courier@0 SF(popd +0)2.5 E F0 (remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(st).15 G(he \214rst directory)-2.5 E(,) -.65 E F3(popd +1)2.5 E F0(the second.)2.5 E F1144 355.2 Q F2(n)A F0 (Remo)180 355.2 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.76(st).15 G(he)-3.76 E F2(n)3.76 E F0 1.259(th entry counting from the right of the list sho)B 1.259(wn by) -.25 F F1(dirs)3.759 E F0 3.759(,s)C 1.259(tarting with)-3.759 F 2.5 (zero. F)180 367.2 R(or e)-.15 E(xample:)-.15 E F3(popd -0)2.5 E F0 (remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(st).15 G(he last directory)-2.5 E(,)-.65 E F3(popd -1)2.5 E F0(the ne)2.5 E(xt to last.)-.15 E .643(If the)144 384 R F1(popd)3.143 E F0 .643(command is successful, a)3.143 F F1(dirs) 3.143 E F0 .644(is performed as well, and the return status is 0.)3.143 F F1(popd)5.644 E F0 .416(returns f)144 396 R .416(alse if an in)-.1 F -.25(va)-.4 G .415 (lid option is encountered, the directory stack is empty).25 F 2.915 (,an)-.65 G(on-e)-2.915 E .415(xistent direc-)-.15 F (tory stack entry is speci\214ed, or the directory change f)144 408 Q (ails.)-.1 E F1(printf)108 424.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F2(var)2.5 E F0 (])A F2(format)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A 1.436 (Write the formatted)144 436.8 R F2(ar)3.936 E(guments)-.37 E F0 1.437 (to the standard output under the control of the)3.936 F F2(format)3.937 E F0 6.437(.T)C(he)-6.437 E F13.937 E F0 .126 (option causes the output to be assigned to the v)144 448.8 R(ariable) -.25 E F2(var)2.626 E F0 .126(rather than being printed to the standard) 2.626 F(output.)144 460.8 Q(The)144 484.8 Q F2(format)3.017 E F0 .517(i\ s a character string which contains three types of objects: plain chara\ cters, which are)3.017 F .704(simply copied to standard output, charact\ er escape sequences, which are con)144 496.8 R -.15(ve)-.4 G .703 (rted and copied to).15 F .036(the standard output, and format speci\ \214cations, each of which causes printing of the ne)144 508.8 R .037 (xt successi)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G F2(ar)144 520.8 Q(gument)-.37 E F0 5.532(.I)C 3.032(na)-5.532 G .532(ddition to the standard)-3.032 F F2 (printf)3.032 E F0 .532(\(1\) format speci\214cations,)B F1(printf)3.031 E F0 .531(interprets the follo)3.031 F(w-)-.25 E(ing e)144 532.8 Q (xtensions:)-.15 E F1(%b)144 544.8 Q F0(causes)180 544.8 Q F1(printf) 2.595 E F0 .096(to e)2.595 F .096 (xpand backslash escape sequences in the corresponding)-.15 F F2(ar) 2.596 E(gument)-.37 E F0 .096(in the)2.596 F(same w)180 556.8 Q(ay as) -.1 E F1(echo \255e)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(%q)144 568.8 Q F0(causes)180 568.8 Q F1(printf)2.51 E F0 .01(to output the corresponding)2.51 F F2(ar)2.51 E (gument)-.37 E F0 .01(in a format that can be reused as shell)2.51 F (input.)180 580.8 Q F1(%\()144 592.8 Q F2(datefmt)A F1(\)T)A F0(causes) 180 604.8 Q F1(printf)4.403 E F0 1.904 (to output the date-time string resulting from using)4.403 F F2(datefmt) 4.404 E F0 1.904(as a format)4.404 F .381(string for)180 616.8 R F2 (strftime)2.881 E F0 2.881(\(3\). The)B(corresponding)2.881 E F2(ar) 2.881 E(gument)-.37 E F0 .381(is an inte)2.881 F .381 (ger representing the number)-.15 F .292(of seconds since the epoch.)180 628.8 R -1 -.8(Tw o)5.293 H .293(special ar)3.593 F .293(gument v)-.18 F .293(alues may be used: \2551 represents the)-.25 F .694 (current time, and \2552 represents the time the shell w)180 640.8 R .693(as in)-.1 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.193(d. If).1 F .693(no ar) 3.193 F .693(gument is speci-)-.18 F .21(\214ed, con)180 652.8 R -.15 (ve)-.4 G .21(rsion beha).15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.71(sa).15 G 2.71(si)-2.71 G 2.71<66ad>-2.71 G 2.71(1h)-2.71 G .21(ad been gi)-2.71 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.71(n. This).15 F .21(is an e)2.71 F .21(xception to the usual)-.15 F F1(printf)2.71 E F0(beha)180 664.8 Q(vior)-.2 E(.)-.55 E(Ar)144 681.6 Q .464(guments to non-string format speci\214ers are treated as C constan\ ts, e)-.18 F .463(xcept that a leading plus or)-.15 F 1.258 (minus sign is allo)144 693.6 R 1.259 (wed, and if the leading character is a single or double quote, the v) -.25 F 1.259(alue is the)-.25 F(ASCII v)144 705.6 Q(alue of the follo) -.25 E(wing character)-.25 E(.)-.55 E(The)144 722.4 Q F2(format)3.424 E F0 .923(is reused as necessary to consume all of the)3.424 F F2(ar)3.423 E(guments)-.37 E F0 5.923(.I)C 3.423(ft)-5.923 G(he)-3.423 E F2(format) 3.423 E F0 .923(requires more)3.423 F(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20) 149.565 E(12)198.725 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 13 13 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 87.61 (TINS\(1\) General)-.92 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)90.11 G(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)144 84 Q (guments)-.37 E F0 .033(than are supplied, the e)2.533 F .033 (xtra format speci\214cations beha)-.15 F .333 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 2.533(si) .15 G 2.533(faz)-2.533 G .033(ero v)-2.533 F .034(alue or null string,) -.25 F(as appropriate, had been supplied.)144 96 Q(The return v)5 E (alue is zero on success, non-zero on f)-.25 E(ailure.)-.1 E/F2 10 /Times-Bold@0 SF(pushd)108 112.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F2A F0 2.5(][)C(+) -2.5 E F1(n)A F0 2.5(][)C-2.5 E F1(n)A F0(])A F2(pushd)108 124.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F2A F0 2.5(][)C F1(dir)-2.5 E F0(])A .64(Adds a direct\ ory to the top of the directory stack, or rotates the stack, making the\ ne)144 136.8 R 3.139(wt)-.25 G .639(op of the)-3.139 F .416 (stack the current w)144 148.8 R .416(orking directory)-.1 F 5.416(.W) -.65 G .416(ith no ar)-5.816 F(guments,)-.18 E F2(pushd)2.916 E F0 -.15 (ex)2.916 G .416(changes the top tw).15 F 2.917(od)-.1 G(irectories) -2.917 E 1.625(and returns 0, unless the directory stack is empty)144 160.8 R 6.625(.A)-.65 G -.18(rg)-6.625 G 1.625(uments, if supplied, ha) .18 F 1.925 -.15(ve t)-.2 H 1.625(he follo).15 F(wing)-.25 E(meanings:) 144 172.8 Q F2144 184.8 Q F0 1.811(Suppresses the normal change o\ f directory when rotating or adding directories to the)180 184.8 R (stack, so that only the stack is manipulated.)180 196.8 Q F2(+)144 208.8 Q F1(n)A F0 1.268(Rotates the stack so that the)180 208.8 R F1(n) 3.768 E F0 1.267(th directory \(counting from the left of the list sho)B 1.267(wn by)-.25 F F2(dirs)180 220.8 Q F0 2.5(,s)C (tarting with zero\) is at the top.)-2.5 E F2144 232.8 Q F1(n)A F0 .92(Rotates the stack so that the)180 232.8 R F1(n)3.42 E F0 .92 (th directory \(counting from the right of the list sho)B .92(wn by)-.25 F F2(dirs)180 244.8 Q F0 2.5(,s)C(tarting with zero\) is at the top.) -2.5 E F1(dir)144.35 256.8 Q F0(Adds)180 256.8 Q F1(dir)3.138 E F0 .288 (to the directory stack at the top, making it the ne)3.518 F 2.787(wc) -.25 G .287(urrent w)-2.787 F .287(orking directory as)-.1 F (if it had been supplied as the ar)180 268.8 Q(gument to the)-.18 E F2 (cd)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E .488(If the)144 285.6 R F2(pushd) 2.988 E F0 .488(command is successful, a)2.988 F F2(dirs)2.988 E F0 .488 (is performed as well.)2.988 F .489(If the \214rst form is used,)5.488 F F2(pushd)2.989 E F0 1.04(returns 0 unless the cd to)144 297.6 R F1(dir) 3.89 E F0 -.1(fa)4.27 G 3.539(ils. W).1 F 1.039(ith the second form,)-.4 F F2(pushd)3.539 E F0 1.039(returns 0 unless the directory)3.539 F .846 (stack is empty)144 309.6 R 3.346(,an)-.65 G(on-e)-3.346 E .847(xistent\ directory stack element is speci\214ed, or the directory change to the) -.15 F(speci\214ed ne)144 321.6 Q 2.5(wc)-.25 G(urrent directory f)-2.5 E(ails.)-.1 E F2(pwd)108 338.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255LP)A F0(])A .845 (Print the absolute pathname of the current w)144 350.4 R .845 (orking directory)-.1 F 5.844(.T)-.65 G .844 (he pathname printed contains no)-5.844 F .181(symbolic links if the)144 362.4 R F22.681 E F0 .181(option is supplied or the)2.681 F F2 .181(\255o ph)2.681 F(ysical)-.15 E F0 .181(option to the)2.681 F F2 (set)2.681 E F0 -.2(bu)2.681 G .182(iltin command is).2 F 3.264 (enabled. If)144 374.4 R(the)3.264 E F23.264 E F0 .763 (option is used, the pathname printed may contain symbolic links.)3.264 F .763(The return)5.763 F 1.36(status is 0 unless an error occurs while\ reading the name of the current directory or an in)144 386.4 R -.25(va) -.4 G(lid).25 E(option is supplied.)144 398.4 Q F2 -.18(re)108 415.2 S (ad).18 E F0([)3.817 E F2(\255ers)A F0 3.817(][)C F2-3.817 E F1 (aname)3.817 E F0 3.817(][)C F2-3.817 E F1(delim)3.817 E F0 3.817 (][)C F2-3.817 E F1(te)3.817 E(xt)-.2 E F0 3.817(][)C F2 -3.817 E F1(nc)3.816 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 3.816(][)C F2-3.816 E F1(nc)3.816 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 3.816(][)C F2-3.816 E F1(pr) 3.816 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 3.816(][)C F2-3.816 E F1(timeout)3.816 E F0 3.816(][)C F2-3.816 E F1(fd)3.816 E F0(])A([)108 427.2 Q F1(name)A F0(...])2.5 E .516(One line is read from the standard input, or from th\ e \214le descriptor)144 439.2 R F1(fd)3.016 E F0 .516(supplied as an ar) 3.016 F .517(gument to)-.18 F(the)144 451.2 Q F23.848 E F0 1.348 (option, split into w)3.848 F 1.348(ords as described abo)-.1 F 1.647 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2 -.75(Wo)3.847 G 1.347(rd Splitting).75 F F0 3.847(,a)C 1.347(nd the \214rst w)-3.847 F 1.347(ord is)-.1 F 1.465 (assigned to the \214rst)144 463.2 R F1(name)3.965 E F0 3.965(,t).18 G 1.465(he second w)-3.965 F 1.465(ord to the second)-.1 F F1(name)3.965 E F0 3.965(,a).18 G 1.465(nd so on.)-3.965 F 1.465(If there are more)6.465 F -.1(wo)144 475.2 S 1.112(rds than names, the remaining w).1 F 1.112 (ords and their interv)-.1 F 1.112 (ening delimiters are assigned to the last)-.15 F F1(name)144 487.2 Q F0 5.722(.I).18 G 3.222(ft)-5.722 G .722(here are fe)-3.222 F .722(wer w) -.25 F .723 (ords read from the input stream than names, the remaining names are)-.1 F .532(assigned empty v)144 499.2 R 3.032(alues. The)-.25 F .532 (characters in)3.032 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(IFS)3.032 E F0 .531 (are used to split the line into w)2.782 F .531(ords using the same)-.1 F .197(rules the shell uses for e)144 511.2 R .197 (xpansion \(described abo)-.15 F .497 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2 -.75(Wo)2.697 G .197(rd Splitting).75 F F0 2.697(\). The)B .197 (backslash charac-)2.697 F .157(ter \()144 523.2 R F2(\\)A F0 2.657(\)m) C .157(ay be used to remo)-2.657 F .457 -.15(ve a)-.15 H .457 -.15(ny s) .15 H .157(pecial meaning for the ne).15 F .156 (xt character read and for line continu-)-.15 F 2.5(ation. Options,)144 535.2 R(if supplied, ha)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E (wing meanings:)-.25 E F2144 547.2 Q F1(aname)2.5 E F0 1.049 (The w)180 559.2 R 1.049 (ords are assigned to sequential indices of the array v)-.1 F(ariable) -.25 E F1(aname)3.55 E F0 3.55(,s).18 G 1.05(tarting at 0.)-3.55 F F1 (aname)180.33 571.2 Q F0(is unset before an)2.68 E 2.5(yn)-.15 G .5 -.25 (ew va)-2.5 H(lues are assigned.).25 E(Other)5 E F1(name)2.5 E F0(ar)2.5 E(guments are ignored.)-.18 E F2144 583.2 Q F1(delim)2.5 E F0 1.318(The \214rst character of)180 595.2 R F1(delim)3.818 E F0 1.317 (is used to terminate the input line, rather than ne)3.818 F 3.817 (wline. If)-.25 F F1(delim)180 607.2 Q F0(is the empty string,)2.5 E F2 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad).18 E F0 (will terminate a line when it reads a NUL character)2.5 E(.)-.55 E F2 144 619.2 Q F0 .372 (If the standard input is coming from a terminal,)180 619.2 R F2 -.18 (re)2.873 G(adline).18 E F0(\(see)2.873 E F3(READLINE)2.873 E F0(abo) 2.623 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.873(\)i).15 G 2.873(su)-2.873 G(sed)-2.873 E .218(to obtain the line.)180 631.2 R .218 (Readline uses the current \(or def)5.218 F .218 (ault, if line editing w)-.1 F .218(as not pre)-.1 F(viously)-.25 E (acti)180 643.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(\)e).15 G(diting settings, b)-2.5 E (ut uses Readline')-.2 E 2.5(sd)-.55 G(ef)-2.5 E (ault \214lename completion.)-.1 E F2144 655.2 Q F1(te)2.5 E(xt) -.2 E F0(If)180 655.2 Q F2 -.18(re)2.715 G(adline).18 E F0 .216 (is being used to read the line,)2.715 F F1(te)2.716 E(xt)-.2 E F0 .216 (is placed into the editing b)2.716 F(uf)-.2 E .216(fer before edit-) -.25 F(ing be)180 667.2 Q(gins.)-.15 E F2144 679.2 Q F1(nc)2.5 E (har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F2 -.18(re)180 691.2 S(ad).18 E F0 1.395 (returns after reading)3.895 F F1(nc)3.895 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.395 (characters rather than w)3.895 F 1.394(aiting for a complete line of) -.1 F(input, b)180 703.2 Q(ut honors a delimiter if fe)-.2 E(wer than) -.25 E F1(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 (characters are read before the delimiter)2.5 E(.)-.55 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)149.565 E(13)198.725 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 14 14 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 87.61 (TINS\(1\) General)-.92 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)90.11 G(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF144 84 Q/F2 10 /Times-Italic@0 SF(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)180 96 S(ad) .18 E F0 1.269(returns after reading e)3.769 F(xactly)-.15 E F2(nc)3.769 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.269(characters rather than w)3.769 F 1.27 (aiting for a complete)-.1 F .275 (line of input, unless EOF is encountered or)180 108 R F1 -.18(re)2.775 G(ad).18 E F0 .274(times out.)2.774 F .274(Delimiter characters encoun-) 5.274 F 1.002 (tered in the input are not treated specially and do not cause)180 120 R F1 -.18(re)3.503 G(ad).18 E F0 1.003(to return until)3.503 F F2(nc)3.503 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 .609(characters are read.)180 132 R .608 (The result is not split on the characters in)5.609 F F1(IFS)3.108 E F0 3.108(;t)C .608(he intent is that the)-3.108 F -.25(va)180 144 S .669 (riable is assigned e).25 F .669 (xactly the characters read \(with the e)-.15 F .67 (xception of backslash; see the)-.15 F F1180 156 Q F0(option belo) 2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1144 168 Q F2(pr)2.5 E(ompt)-.45 E F0(Display) 180 180 Q F2(pr)3.661 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 1.161(on standard error)3.661 F 3.661(,w)-.4 G 1.161(ithout a trailing ne)-3.661 F 1.161 (wline, before attempting to read)-.25 F(an)180 192 Q 2.5(yi)-.15 G 2.5 (nput. The)-2.5 F (prompt is displayed only if input is coming from a terminal.)2.5 E F1 144 204 Q F0 .543(Backslash does not act as an escape character) 180 204 R 5.543(.T)-.55 G .544(he backslash is considered to be part of) -5.543 F .493(the line.)180 216 R .493(In particular)5.493 F 2.993(,ab) -.4 G(ackslash-ne)-2.993 E .493 (wline pair may not then be used as a line continua-)-.25 F(tion.)180 228 Q F1144 240 Q F0(Silent mode.)180 240 Q (If input is coming from a terminal, characters are not echoed.)5 E F1 144 252 Q F2(timeout)2.5 E F0(Cause)180 264 Q F1 -.18(re)2.928 G (ad).18 E F0 .428(to time out and return f)2.928 F .428 (ailure if a complete line of input \(or a speci\214ed num-)-.1 F .561 (ber of characters\) is not read within)180 276 R F2(timeout)3.061 E F0 (seconds.)3.061 E F2(timeout)5.561 E F0 .56(may be a decimal number) 3.061 F(with a fractional portion follo)180 288 Q (wing the decimal point.)-.25 E(This option is only ef)5 E(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(f).15 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad).18 E F0 .506(is readin\ g input from a terminal, pipe, or other special \214le; it has no ef)180 300 R .505(fect when reading)-.25 F .589(from re)180 312 R .589 (gular \214les.)-.15 F(If)5.589 E F1 -.18(re)3.089 G(ad).18 E F0 .589 (times out,)3.089 F F1 -.18(re)3.089 G(ad).18 E F0(sa)3.089 E -.15(ve) -.2 G 3.089(sa).15 G .889 -.15(ny p)-3.089 H .59 (artial input read into the speci\214ed).15 F -.25(va)180 324 S(riable) .25 E F2(name)2.77 E F0 5.27(.I)C(f)-5.27 E F2(timeout)2.77 E F0 .27 (is 0,)2.77 F F1 -.18(re)2.77 G(ad).18 E F0 .27(returns immediately)2.77 F 2.77(,w)-.65 G .27(ithout trying to read an)-2.77 F 2.77(yd)-.15 G (ata.)-2.77 E 1.12(The e)180 336 R 1.12(xit status is 0 if input is a) -.15 F -.25(va)-.2 G 1.12(ilable on the speci\214ed \214le descriptor) .25 F 3.62(,n)-.4 G 1.12(on-zero other)-3.62 F(-)-.2 E 2.5(wise. The)180 348 R -.15(ex)2.5 G(it status is greater than 128 if the timeout is e) .15 E(xceeded.)-.15 E F1144 360 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0 (Read input from \214le descriptor)180 360 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0(.)A .477 (If no)144 376.8 R F2(names)3.337 E F0 .477 (are supplied, the line read is assigned to the v)3.247 F(ariable)-.25 E /F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(REPL)2.976 E(Y)-.828 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .476(The e)4.976 F .476(xit status is zero,)-.15 F .772 (unless end-of-\214le is encountered,)144 388.8 R F1 -.18(re)3.272 G(ad) .18 E F0 .773 (times out \(in which case the status is greater than 128\), a)3.272 F -.25(va)144 400.8 S 2.004 (riable assignment error \(such as assigning to a readonly v).25 F 2.004 (ariable\) occurs, or an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G 2.004(lid \214le).25 F (descriptor is supplied as the ar)144 412.8 Q(gument to)-.18 E F1 2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.18(re)108 429.6 S(adonly).18 E F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAf)A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(wor)A (d)-.37 E F0 2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E .77(The gi)144 441.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G (n).15 E F2(names)3.27 E F0 .77(are mark)3.27 F .77(ed readonly; the v) -.1 F .77(alues of these)-.25 F F2(names)3.63 E F0 .77 (may not be changed by subse-)3.54 F 1.097(quent assignment.)144 453.6 R 1.097(If the)6.097 F F13.597 E F0 1.097 (option is supplied, the functions corresponding to the)3.597 F F2 (names)3.596 E F0 1.096(are so)3.596 F(mark)144 465.6 Q 3.334(ed. The) -.1 F F13.334 E F0 .834(option restricts the v)3.334 F .834 (ariables to inde)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.334(da).15 G .834(rrays; the) -3.334 F F13.334 E F0 .834(option restricts the v)3.334 F(ari-) -.25 E .777(ables to associati)144 477.6 R 1.077 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 3.277 (rrays. If).15 F .777(both options are supplied,)3.277 F F13.277 E F0(tak)3.277 E .776(es precedence.)-.1 F .776(If no)5.776 F F2(name) 3.636 E F0(ar)3.456 E(gu-)-.18 E .521(ments are gi)144 489.6 R -.15(ve) -.25 G .521(n, or if the).15 F F13.021 E F0 .521 (option is supplied, a list of all readonly names is printed.)3.021 F .522(The other)5.521 F .295(options may be used to restrict the output \ to a subset of the set of readonly names.)144 501.6 R(The)5.295 E F1 2.795 E F0(option)2.795 E .786 (causes output to be displayed in a format that may be reused as input.) 144 513.6 R .786(If a v)5.786 F .786(ariable name is fol-)-.25 F(lo)144 525.6 Q .718(wed by =)-.25 F F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 3.218(,t)C .718(he v) -3.218 F .718(alue of the v)-.25 F .718(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(wor) 3.218 E(d)-.37 E F0 5.718(.T)C .718(he return status is 0 unless an in) -5.718 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E .26(option is encountered, one of the) 144 537.6 R F2(names)3.12 E F0 .26(is not a v)3.03 F .26(alid shell v) -.25 F .26(ariable name, or)-.25 F F12.76 E F0 .26 (is supplied with a)2.76 F F2(name)144.36 549.6 Q F0 (that is not a function.)2.68 E F1 -.18(re)108 566.4 S(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A .021(Causes a function to stop e)144 578.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .021(cuting and return the v).15 F .021 (alue speci\214ed by)-.25 F F2(n)2.88 E F0 .02(to its caller)2.76 F 5.02 (.I)-.55 G(f)-5.02 E F2(n)2.88 E F0 .02(is omitted,)2.76 F .596 (the return status is that of the last command e)144 590.4 R -.15(xe) -.15 G .597(cuted in the function body).15 F 5.597(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.597 E F1 -.18(re)3.097 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .597(is e)3.097 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E 1.239(by a trap handler)144 602.4 R 3.738(,t)-.4 G 1.238 (he last command used to determine the status is the last command e) -3.738 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E 1.032(before the trap handler)144 614.4 R 6.032(.I)-.55 G(f)-6.032 E F1 -.18(re)3.532 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 1.032(is e)3.532 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.032(cuted during a).15 F F1(DEB) 3.533 E(UG)-.1 E F0 1.033(trap, the last command used to)3.533 F .39 (determine the status is the last command e)144 626.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .389(cuted by the trap handler before).15 F F1 -.18(re)2.889 G(tur).18 E (n)-.15 E F0 -.1(wa)2.889 G 2.889(si).1 G -1.9 -.4(nv o)-2.889 H -.1(ke) .4 G(d.).1 E(If)144 638.4 Q F1 -.18(re)2.583 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .084(is used outside a function, b)2.583 F .084(ut during e)-.2 F -.15 (xe)-.15 G .084(cution of a script by the).15 F F1(.)2.584 E F0(\()5.084 E F1(sour)A(ce)-.18 E F0 2.584(\)c)C .084(ommand, it)-2.584 F .589 (causes the shell to stop e)144 650.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .589 (cuting that script and return either).15 F F2(n)3.448 E F0 .588 (or the e)3.328 F .588(xit status of the last com-)-.15 F .325(mand e) 144 662.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .325(cuted within the script as the e).15 F .326(xit status of the script.)-.15 F(If)5.326 E F2(n)2.826 E F0 .326 (is supplied, the return v)2.826 F .326(alue is)-.25 F .445 (its least signi\214cant 8 bits.)144 674.4 R .444 (The return status is non-zero if)5.445 F F1 -.18(re)2.944 G(tur).18 E (n)-.15 E F0 .444(is supplied a non-numeric ar)2.944 F(gu-)-.18 E .381 (ment, or is used outside a function and not during e)144 686.4 R -.15 (xe)-.15 G .381(cution of a script by).15 F F1(.)2.881 E F0(or)3.714 E F1(sour)2.881 E(ce)-.18 E F0 5.381(.A)C .681 -.15(ny c)-5.381 H(om-).15 E .75(mand associated with the)144 698.4 R F1(RETURN)3.249 E F0 .749 (trap is e)3.249 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .749(cuted before e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .749(cution resumes after the function).15 F(or script.)144 710.4 Q (GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)149.565 E(14)198.725 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 15 15 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 87.61 (TINS\(1\) General)-.92 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)90.11 G(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(set)108 84 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255\255abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E/F2 10 /Times-Italic@0 SF(option\255name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E F1(set)108 96 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(+abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(+o)-2.5 E F2(option\255name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E (g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 108 S .835 (thout options, the name and v).4 F .835(alue of each shell v)-.25 F .836(ariable are displayed in a format that can be)-.25 F .784 (reused as input for setting or resetting the currently-set v)144 120 R 3.284(ariables. Read-only)-.25 F -.25(va)3.284 G .783(riables cannot be) .25 F 2.946(reset. In)144 132 R F2 .447(posix mode)2.946 F F0 2.947(,o)C .447(nly shell v)-2.947 F .447(ariables are listed.)-.25 F .447 (The output is sorted according to the current)5.447 F 3.531 (locale. When)144 144 R 1.031(options are speci\214ed, the)3.531 F 3.531 (ys)-.15 G 1.031(et or unset shell attrib)-3.531 F 3.53(utes. An)-.2 F 3.53(ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)-3.53 G 1.03(uments remaining).18 F 1.623 (after option processing are treated as v)144 156 R 1.624 (alues for the positional parameters and are assigned, in)-.25 F(order) 144 168 Q 2.5(,t)-.4 G(o)-2.5 E F1($1)2.5 E F0(,)A F1($2)2.5 E F0(,)A F1 2.5(... $)2.5 F F2(n)A F0 5(.O)C(ptions, if speci\214ed, ha)-5 E .3 -.15 (ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1144 180 Q F0 1.378(Each v)184 180 R 1.377 (ariable or function that is created or modi\214ed is gi)-.25 F -.15(ve) -.25 G 3.877(nt).15 G 1.377(he e)-3.877 F 1.377(xport attrib)-.15 F 1.377(ute and)-.2 F(mark)184 192 Q(ed for e)-.1 E(xport to the en)-.15 E (vironment of subsequent commands.)-.4 E F1144 204 Q F0 .131 (Report the status of terminated background jobs immediately)184 204 R 2.632(,r)-.65 G .132(ather than before the ne)-2.632 F(xt)-.15 E (primary prompt.)184 216 Q(This is ef)5 E(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve o)-.25 H(nly when job control is enabled.).15 E F1144 228 Q F0 .088 (Exit immediately if a)184 228 R F2(pipeline)2.588 E F0 .087 (\(which may consist of a single)2.588 F F2 .087(simple command)2.587 F F0 .087(\), a)B F2(list)2.587 E F0 2.587(,o)C(r)-2.587 E(a)184 240 Q F2 1.52(compound command)4.02 F F0(\(see)4.021 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.521 (SHELL GRAMMAR)4.021 F F0(abo)3.771 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.521(\), e).15 F 1.521(xits with a non-zero status.)-.15 F .08(The shell does not e)184 252 R .079(xit if the command that f)-.15 F .079 (ails is part of the command list immediately)-.1 F(follo)184 264 Q 1.654(wing a)-.25 F F1(while)4.154 E F0(or)4.154 E F1(until)4.154 E F0 -.1(ke)4.154 G(yw)-.05 E 1.655(ord, part of the test follo)-.1 F 1.655 (wing the)-.25 F F1(if)4.155 E F0(or)4.155 E F1(elif)4.155 E F0(reserv) 4.155 E(ed)-.15 E -.1(wo)184 276 S .582(rds, part of an).1 F 3.082(yc) -.15 G .582(ommand e)-3.082 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .581(cuted in a).15 F F1 (&&)3.081 E F0(or)3.081 E F1(||)3.081 E F0 .581(list e)3.081 F .581 (xcept the command follo)-.15 F(wing)-.25 E .917(the \214nal)184 288 R F1(&&)3.417 E F0(or)3.417 E F1(||)3.417 E F0 3.417(,a)C 1.217 -.15(ny c) -3.417 H .918(ommand in a pipeline b).15 F .918 (ut the last, or if the command')-.2 F 3.418(sr)-.55 G(eturn)-3.418 E -.25(va)184 300 S .661(lue is being in).25 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .661 (rted with).15 F F1(!)3.161 E F0 5.661(.I)C 3.161(fac)-5.661 G .66 (ompound command other than a subshell returns a)-3.161 F 1.112 (non-zero status because a command f)184 312 R 1.112(ailed while)-.1 F F13.612 E F0 -.1(wa)3.612 G 3.612(sb).1 G 1.113 (eing ignored, the shell does)-3.612 F .178(not e)184 324 R 2.678 (xit. A)-.15 F .178(trap on)2.678 F F1(ERR)2.678 E F0 2.678(,i)C 2.678 (fs)-2.678 G .178(et, is e)-2.678 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .178 (cuted before the shell e).15 F 2.677(xits. This)-.15 F .177 (option applies to)2.677 F .617(the shell en)184 336 R .617 (vironment and each subshell en)-.4 F .617(vironment separately \(see) -.4 F F3 .618(COMMAND EXE-)3.118 F .643(CUTION ENVIR)184 348 R(ONMENT) -.27 E F0(abo)2.893 E -.15(ve)-.15 G .643 (\), and may cause subshells to e).15 F .643(xit before e)-.15 F -.15 (xe)-.15 G .642(cuting all).15 F(the commands in the subshell.)184 360 Q 2.042(If a compound command or shell function e)184 378 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.042(cutes in a conte).15 F 2.042(xt where)-.15 F F14.542 E F0 2.043(is being)4.543 F 1.436(ignored, none of the commands e)184 390 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.435(cuted within the compound command or function).15 F .193(body will be af)184 402 R .193(fected by the)-.25 F F12.693 E F0 .193(setting, e)2.693 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.693(ni).15 G(f)-2.693 E F1 2.693 E F0 .194(is set and a command returns a f)2.693 F(ailure) -.1 E 3.39(status. If)184 414 R 3.39(ac)3.39 G .89 (ompound command or shell function sets)-3.39 F F13.39 E F0 .89 (while e)3.39 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .89(cuting in a conte).15 F(xt)-.15 E (where)184 426 Q F13.153 E F0 .653 (is ignored, that setting will not ha)3.153 F .954 -.15(ve a)-.2 H .954 -.15(ny e).15 H -.25(ff).15 G .654(ect until the compound command).25 F (or the command containing the function call completes.)184 438 Q F1 144 450 Q F0(Disable pathname e)184 450 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1 144 462 Q F0 2.239(Remember the location of commands as the)184 462 R 4.738(ya)-.15 G 2.238(re look)-4.738 F 2.238(ed up for e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 4.738(cution. This).15 F(is)4.738 E(enabled by def)184 474 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1144 486 Q F0 .513(All ar)184 486 R .514 (guments in the form of assignment statements are placed in the en)-.18 F .514(vironment for a)-.4 F (command, not just those that precede the command name.)184 498 Q F1 144 510 Q F0 .149(Monitor mode.)184 510 R .149 (Job control is enabled.)5.149 F .148(This option is on by def)5.149 F .148(ault for interacti)-.1 F .448 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells).15 E .65 (on systems that support it \(see)184 522 R F3 .651(JOB CONTR)3.151 F (OL)-.27 E F0(abo)2.901 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.151(\). All).15 F .651 (processes run in a separate)3.151 F .679(process group.)184 534 R .678 (When a background job completes, the shell prints a line containing it\ s)5.679 F -.15(ex)184 546 S(it status.).15 E F1144 558 Q F0 .652 (Read commands b)184 558 R .652(ut do not e)-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .652 (cute them.).15 F .653(This may be used to check a shell script for) 5.652 F(syntax errors.)184 570 Q(This is ignored by interacti)5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E F1144 582 Q F2(option\255name)2.5 E F0(The)184 594 Q F2(option\255name)2.5 E F0(can be one of the follo)2.5 E(wing:)-.25 E F1(allexport)184 606 Q F0(Same as)224 618 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(braceexpand)184 630 Q F0(Same as)224 642 Q F12.5 E F0(.) A F1(emacs)184 654 Q F0 .089 (Use an emacs-style command line editing interf)224 654 R 2.589 (ace. This)-.1 F .089(is enabled by def)2.589 F(ault)-.1 E .95 (when the shell is interacti)224 666 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.45(,u).15 G .95 (nless the shell is started with the)-3.45 F F1(\255\255noediting)3.45 E F0 2.5(option. This)224 678 R(also af)2.5 E(fects the editing interf) -.25 E(ace used for)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad \255e).18 E F0(.)A F1(err) 184 690 Q(exit)-.18 E F0(Same as)224 690 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 (errtrace)184 702 Q F0(Same as)224 702 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A (GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)149.565 E(15)198.725 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 16 16 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 87.61 (TINS\(1\) General)-.92 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)90.11 G(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(functrace)184 84 Q F0 (Same as)224 96 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(hashall)184 108 Q F0(Same as) 224 108 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(histexpand)184 120 Q F0(Same as)224 132 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(history)184 144 Q F0 .587 (Enable command history)224 144 R 3.087(,a)-.65 G 3.087(sd)-3.087 G .587 (escribed abo)-3.087 F .887 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E/F2 9 /Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)3.087 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF (.)A F0 .587(This option is)5.087 F(on by def)224 156 Q (ault in interacti)-.1 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E F1(ignor)184 168 Q(eeof)-.18 E F0 1.656(The ef)224 180 R 1.656 (fect is as if the shell command)-.25 F/F4 10/Courier@0 SF(IGNOREEOF=10) 4.157 E F0 1.657(had been e)4.157 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E(\(see)224 192 Q F1(Shell V)2.5 E(ariables)-.92 E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).) .15 E F1 -.1(ke)184 204 S(yw).1 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Same as)224 216 Q F1 2.5 E F0(.)A F1(monitor)184 228 Q F0(Same as)224 228 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(noclob)184 240 Q(ber)-.1 E F0(Same as)224 252 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(noexec)184 264 Q F0(Same as)224 264 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(noglob)184 276 Q F0(Same as)224 276 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(nolog) 184 288 Q F0(Currently ignored.)224 288 Q F1(notify)184 300 Q F0 (Same as)224 300 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(nounset)184 312 Q F0(Same as) 224 312 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(onecmd)184 324 Q F0(Same as)224 324 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(ph)184 336 Q(ysical)-.15 E F0(Same as)224 336 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(pipefail)184 348 Q F0 1.03(If set, the return v) 224 348 R 1.029(alue of a pipeline is the v)-.25 F 1.029 (alue of the last \(rightmost\) com-)-.25 F 1.136(mand to e)224 360 R 1.136 (xit with a non-zero status, or zero if all commands in the pipeline) -.15 F -.15(ex)224 372 S(it successfully).15 E 5(.T)-.65 G (his option is disabled by def)-5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(posix)184 384 Q F0 2.091(Change the beha)224 384 R 2.091(vior of)-.2 F F1(bash)4.591 E F0 2.091(where the def)4.591 F 2.091(ault operation dif)-.1 F 2.091 (fers from the)-.25 F 1.212(POSIX standard to match the standard \()224 396 R/F5 10/Times-Italic@0 SF 1.212(posix mode)B F0 3.712(\). See)B F2 1.212(SEE ALSO)3.712 F F0(belo)3.463 E(w)-.25 E 2.307 (for a reference to a document that details ho)224 408 R 4.806(wp)-.25 G 2.306(osix mode af)-4.806 F 2.306(fects bash')-.25 F(s)-.55 E(beha)224 420 Q(vior)-.2 E(.)-.55 E F1(pri)184 432 Q(vileged)-.1 E F0(Same as)224 444 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(ve)184 456 S(rbose).1 E F0(Same as)224 456 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(vi)184 468 Q F0 1.465 (Use a vi-style command line editing interf)224 468 R 3.966(ace. This) -.1 F 1.466(also af)3.966 F 1.466(fects the editing)-.25 F(interf)224 480 Q(ace used for)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad \255e).18 E F0(.)A F1 (xtrace)184 492 Q F0(Same as)224 492 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A(If)184 510 Q F13.053 E F0 .553(is supplied with no)3.053 F F5(option\255name) 3.053 E F0 3.053(,t)C .553(he v)-3.053 F .552 (alues of the current options are printed.)-.25 F(If)5.552 E F1(+o)184 522 Q F0 1.071(is supplied with no)3.571 F F5(option\255name)3.571 E F0 3.571(,as)C 1.071(eries of)-3.571 F F1(set)3.572 E F0 1.072 (commands to recreate the current)3.572 F (option settings is displayed on the standard output.)184 534 Q F1 144 546 Q F0 -.45(Tu)184 546 S 1.072(rn on).45 F F5(privile)4.822 E -.1 (ge)-.4 G(d).1 E F0 3.572(mode. In)4.342 F 1.072(this mode, the)3.572 F F2($ENV)3.572 E F0(and)3.322 E F2($B)3.572 E(ASH_ENV)-.27 E F0 1.071 (\214les are not pro-)3.322 F 1.5 (cessed, shell functions are not inherited from the en)184 558 R 1.501 (vironment, and the)-.4 F F2(SHELLOPTS)4.001 E F3(,)A F2 -.27(BA)184 570 S(SHOPTS).27 E F3(,)A F2(CDP)2.775 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F3(,)A F0 (and)2.775 E F2(GLOBIGNORE)3.025 E F0 -.25(va)2.775 G .524 (riables, if the).25 F 3.024(ya)-.15 G .524(ppear in the en)-3.024 F (vironment,)-.4 E .379(are ignored.)184 582 R .379 (If the shell is started with the ef)5.379 F(fecti)-.25 E .679 -.15 (ve u)-.25 H .38(ser \(group\) id not equal to the real).15 F .462 (user \(group\) id, and the)184 594 R F12.961 E F0 .461 (option is not supplied, these actions are tak)2.961 F .461 (en and the ef)-.1 F(fec-)-.25 E(ti)184 606 Q .694 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .394 (ser id is set to the real user id.).15 F .395(If the)5.395 F F1 2.895 E F0 .395(option is supplied at startup, the ef)2.895 F(fecti)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G .387(user id is not reset.)184 618 R -.45(Tu)5.387 G .387(rning this option of).45 F 2.886(fc)-.25 G .386(auses the ef)-2.886 F(fecti)-.25 E .686 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .386(ser and group ids to be).15 F (set to the real user and group ids.)184 630 Q F1144 642 Q F0 (Exit after reading and e)184 642 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting one command.) .15 E F1144 654 Q F0 -.35(Tr)184 654 S .043(eat unset v).35 F .044 (ariables and parameters other than the special parameters "@" and "*" \ as an)-.25 F .183(error when performing parameter e)184 666 R 2.683 (xpansion. If)-.15 F -.15(ex)2.683 G .182 (pansion is attempted on an unset v).15 F(ari-)-.25 E .746 (able or parameter)184 678 R 3.246(,t)-.4 G .746 (he shell prints an error message, and, if not interacti)-3.246 F -.15 (ve)-.25 G 3.246(,e).15 G .746(xits with a)-3.396 F(non-zero status.)184 690 Q F1144 702 Q F0(Print shell input lines as the)184 702 Q 2.5 (ya)-.15 G(re read.)-2.5 E F1144 714 Q F0 .315(After e)184 714 R .315(xpanding each)-.15 F F5 .315(simple command)2.815 F F0(,)A F1 -.25 (fo)2.815 G(r).25 E F0(command,)2.815 E F1(case)2.815 E F0(command,) 2.815 E F1(select)2.815 E F0(command,)2.815 E 3.259(or arithmetic)184 726 R F1 -.25(fo)5.759 G(r).25 E F0 3.26(command, display the e)5.759 F 3.26(xpanded v)-.15 F 3.26(alue of)-.25 F F2(PS4)5.76 E F3(,)A F0(follo) 5.51 E 3.26(wed by the)-.25 F(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)149.565 E(16)198.725 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 17 17 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 87.61 (TINS\(1\) General)-.92 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)90.11 G(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E(command and its e)184 84 Q(xpanded ar)-.15 E(guments or associated w)-.18 E(ord list.)-.1 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF 144 96 Q F0 2.579(The shell performs brace e)184 96 R 2.578 (xpansion \(see)-.15 F F1 2.578(Brace Expansion)5.078 F F0(abo)5.078 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.078(\). This).15 F 2.578(is on by)5.078 F(def)184 108 Q (ault.)-.1 E F1144 120 Q F0 .213(If set,)184 120 R F1(bash)2.713 E F0 .213(does not o)2.713 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .214(rwrite an e).15 F .214 (xisting \214le with the)-.15 F F1(>)2.714 E F0(,)A F1(>&)2.714 E F0 2.714(,a)C(nd)-2.714 E F1(<>)2.714 E F0 .214(redirection opera-)2.714 F 3.054(tors. This)184 132 R .553(may be o)3.053 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .553 (rridden when creating output \214les by using the redirection opera-) .15 F(tor)184 144 Q F1(>|)2.5 E F0(instead of)2.5 E F1(>)2.5 E F0(.)A F1 144 156 Q F0 .103(If set, an)184 156 R 2.603(yt)-.15 G .103 (rap on)-2.603 F F1(ERR)2.603 E F0 .104 (is inherited by shell functions, command substitutions, and com-)2.603 F .839(mands e)184 168 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .839(cuted in a subshell en).15 F 3.339(vironment. The)-.4 F F1(ERR)3.338 E F0 .838 (trap is normally not inherited in)3.338 F(such cases.)184 180 Q F1 144 192 Q F0(Enable)184 192 Q F1(!)3.031 E F0 .531 (style history substitution.)5.531 F .531(This option is on by def)5.531 F .532(ault when the shell is inter)-.1 F(-)-.2 E(acti)184 204 Q -.15 (ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1144 216 Q F0 .96 (If set, the shell does not resolv)184 216 R 3.459(es)-.15 G .959 (ymbolic links when e)-3.459 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .959 (cuting commands such as).15 F F1(cd)3.459 E F0 2.821 (that change the current w)184 228 R 2.822(orking directory)-.1 F 7.822 (.I)-.65 G 5.322(tu)-7.822 G 2.822(ses the ph)-5.322 F 2.822 (ysical directory structure)-.05 F 2.686(instead. By)184 240 R(def)2.686 E(ault,)-.1 E F1(bash)2.686 E F0(follo)2.686 E .186 (ws the logical chain of directories when performing com-)-.25 F (mands which change the current directory)184 252 Q(.)-.65 E F1144 264 Q F0 .89(If set, an)184 264 R 3.39(yt)-.15 G .89(raps on)-3.39 F F1 (DEB)3.39 E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)3.39 E F1(RETURN)3.39 E F0 .89 (are inherited by shell functions, command)3.39 F 1.932 (substitutions, and commands e)184 276 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.932 (cuted in a subshell en).15 F 4.432(vironment. The)-.4 F F1(DEB)4.432 E (UG)-.1 E F0(and)4.432 E F1(RETURN)184 288 Q F0 (traps are normally not inherited in such cases.)2.5 E F1144 300 Q F0 .4(If no ar)184 300 R .401(guments follo)-.18 F 2.901(wt)-.25 G .401 (his option, then the positional parameters are unset.)-2.901 F (Otherwise,)5.401 E(the positional parameters are set to the)184 312 Q /F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(s, e)A -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 (ni).15 G 2.5(fs)-2.5 G(ome of them be)-2.5 E(gin with a)-.15 E F1 2.5 E F0(.)A F1144 324 Q F0 1.945 (Signal the end of options, cause all remaining)184 324 R F2(ar)4.444 E (g)-.37 E F0 4.444(st)C 4.444(ob)-4.444 G 4.444(ea)-4.444 G 1.944 (ssigned to the positional)-4.444 F 3.445(parameters. The)184 336 R F1 3.445 E F0(and)3.445 E F13.445 E F0 .945 (options are turned of)3.445 F 3.445(f. If)-.25 F .946(there are no) 3.445 F F2(ar)3.446 E(g)-.37 E F0 .946(s, the positional)B (parameters remain unchanged.)184 348 Q .425(The options are of)144 364.8 R 2.925(fb)-.25 G 2.925(yd)-2.925 G(ef)-2.925 E .425 (ault unless otherwise noted.)-.1 F .425 (Using + rather than \255 causes these options)5.425 F .177 (to be turned of)144 376.8 R 2.677(f. The)-.25 F .178 (options can also be speci\214ed as ar)2.678 F .178(guments to an in) -.18 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .178(cation of the shell.).2 F(The)5.178 E .066 (current set of options may be found in)144 388.8 R F1<24ad>2.566 E F0 5.066(.T)C .066(he return status is al)-5.066 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .066 (ys true unless an in).1 F -.25(va)-.4 G .066(lid option).25 F (is encountered.)144 400.8 Q F1(shift)108 417.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0 (])A .428(The positional parameters from)144 429.6 R F2(n)2.928 E F0 .429(+1 ... are renamed to)B F1 .429($1 ....)2.929 F F0 -.15(Pa)5.429 G .429(rameters represented by the num-).15 F(bers)144 441.6 Q F1($#)2.583 E F0(do)2.583 E .083(wn to)-.25 F F1($#)2.583 E F0A F2(n)A F0 .083 (+1 are unset.)B F2(n)5.443 E F0 .083(must be a non-ne)2.823 F -.05(ga) -.15 G(ti).05 E .382 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .082(umber less than or equal to) .15 F F1($#)2.582 E F0 5.082(.I)C(f)-5.082 E F2(n)2.942 E F0 .06 (is 0, no parameters are changed.)144 453.6 R(If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0 .06(is not gi)2.8 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .06(n, it is assumed to be 1.).15 F (If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0 .06(is greater than)2.8 F F1($#)2.56 E F0 2.56 (,t)C(he)-2.56 E .144(positional parameters are not changed.)144 465.6 R .144(The return status is greater than zero if)5.144 F F2(n)3.003 E F0 .143(is greater than)2.883 F F1($#)2.643 E F0 (or less than zero; otherwise 0.)144 477.6 Q F1(shopt)108 494.4 Q F0([) 2.5 E F1(\255pqsu)A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(optname) -2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.8(To)144 506.4 S .639(ggle the v).8 F .639 (alues of settings controlling optional shell beha)-.25 F(vior)-.2 E 5.639(.T)-.55 G .64(he settings can be either those)-5.639 F .375 (listed belo)144 518.4 R 1.675 -.65(w, o)-.25 H 1.175 -.4(r, i).65 H 2.875(ft).4 G(he)-2.875 E F12.875 E F0 .375 (option is used, those a)2.875 F -.25(va)-.2 G .375(ilable with the).25 F F12.875 E F0 .374(option to the)2.875 F F1(set)2.874 E F0 -.2 (bu)2.874 G .374(iltin com-).2 F 3.325(mand. W)144 530.4 R .825 (ith no options, or with the)-.4 F F13.325 E F0 .826 (option, a list of all settable options is displayed, with an)3.325 F .552(indication of whether or not each is set; if)144 542.4 R F2 (optnames)3.052 E F0 .551 (are supplied, the output is restricted to those)3.052 F 2.549 (options. The)144 554.4 R F12.549 E F0 .049(option causes output \ to be displayed in a form that may be reused as input.)2.549 F(Other) 5.05 E(options ha)144 566.4 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E (wing meanings:)-.25 E F1144 578.4 Q F0(Enable \(set\) each)180 578.4 Q F2(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1144 590.4 Q F0 (Disable \(unset\) each)180 590.4 Q F2(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1144 602.4 Q F0 .003(Suppresses normal output \(quiet mode\); the return sta\ tus indicates whether the)180 602.4 R F2(optname)2.503 E F0(is)2.503 E .255(set or unset.)180 614.4 R .255(If multiple)5.255 F F2(optname)2.755 E F0(ar)2.755 E .256(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.756(nw).15 G (ith)-2.756 E F12.756 E F0 2.756(,t)C .256 (he return status is zero if)-2.756 F(all)180 626.4 Q F2(optnames)2.5 E F0(are enabled; non-zero otherwise.)2.5 E F1144 638.4 Q F0 (Restricts the v)180 638.4 Q(alues of)-.25 E F2(optname)2.5 E F0 (to be those de\214ned for the)2.5 E F12.5 E F0(option to the)2.5 E F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E .625(If either)144 655.2 R F1 3.125 E F0(or)3.124 E F13.124 E F0 .624(is used with no) 3.124 F F2(optname)3.124 E F0(ar)3.124 E(guments,)-.18 E F1(shopt)3.124 E F0(sho)3.124 E .624(ws only those options which are)-.25 F 2.233 (set or unset, respecti)144 667.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 7.234(.U) -.65 G 2.234(nless otherwise noted, the)-7.234 F F1(shopt)4.734 E F0 2.234(options are disabled \(unset\) by)4.734 F(def)144 679.2 Q(ault.) -.1 E 1.544(The return status when listing options is zero if all)144 696 R F2(optnames)4.044 E F0 1.544(are enabled, non-zero otherwise.) 4.044 F .696 (When setting or unsetting options, the return status is zero unless an) 144 708 R F2(optname)3.196 E F0 .696(is not a v)3.196 F .696(alid shell) -.25 F(option.)144 720 Q(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)149.565 E(17) 198.725 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 18 18 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 87.61 (TINS\(1\) General)-.92 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)90.11 G(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E(The list of)144 84 Q/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF (shopt)2.5 E F0(options is:)2.5 E F1(assoc_expand_once)144 102 Q F0 1.945(If set, the shell suppresses multiple e)184 114 R -.25(va)-.25 G 1.944(luation of associati).25 F 2.244 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 1.944 (rray subscripts during).15 F 2.556(arithmetic e)184 126 R 2.556 (xpression e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G 2.556(luation, while e).25 F -.15(xe) -.15 G 2.557(cuting b).15 F 2.557(uiltins that can perform v)-.2 F (ariable)-.25 E(assignments, and while e)184 138 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G (cuting b).15 E(uiltins that perform array dereferencing.)-.2 E F1 (autocd)144 150 Q F0 .2 (If set, a command name that is the name of a directory is e)184 150 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .199(cuted as if it were the ar).15 F(gu-)-.18 E (ment to the)184 162 Q F1(cd)2.5 E F0 2.5(command. This)2.5 F (option is only used by interacti)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E F1(cdable_v)144 174 Q(ars)-.1 E F0 .155(If set, an ar)184 186 R .155 (gument to the)-.18 F F1(cd)2.655 E F0 -.2(bu)2.655 G .156 (iltin command that is not a directory is assumed to be the).2 F (name of a v)184 198 Q(ariable whose v)-.25 E (alue is the directory to change to.)-.25 E F1(cdspell)144 210 Q F0 1.055 (If set, minor errors in the spelling of a directory component in a)184 210 R F1(cd)3.555 E F0 1.055(command will be)3.555 F 3.987 (corrected. The)184 222 R 1.487(errors check)3.987 F 1.487 (ed for are transposed characters, a missing character)-.1 F 3.988(,a) -.4 G(nd)-3.988 E .77(one character too man)184 234 R 4.57 -.65(y. I) -.15 H 3.27(fac).65 G .77 (orrection is found, the corrected \214lename is printed, and)-3.27 F (the command proceeds.)184 246 Q(This option is only used by interacti)5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E F1(checkhash)144 258 Q F0 .736 (If set,)184 270 R F1(bash)3.236 E F0 .736 (checks that a command found in the hash table e)3.236 F .737 (xists before trying to e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E(cute it.)184 282 Q(If a hashed command no longer e)5 E (xists, a normal path search is performed.)-.15 E F1(checkjobs)144 294 Q F0 .449(If set,)184 306 R F1(bash)2.949 E F0 .449 (lists the status of an)2.949 F 2.949(ys)-.15 G .448 (topped and running jobs before e)-2.949 F .448(xiting an interacti)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.438(shell. If)184 318 R(an)3.438 E 3.438(yj)-.15 G .938(obs are running, this causes the e)-3.438 F .938 (xit to be deferred until a second e)-.15 F .939(xit is)-.15 F 2.203 (attempted without an interv)184 330 R 2.203(ening command \(see)-.15 F /F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 2.203(JOB CONTR)4.703 F(OL)-.27 E F0(abo)4.453 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 4.703(\). The).15 F(shell)4.703 E(al)184 342 Q -.1(wa)-.1 G(ys postpones e).1 E(xiting if an)-.15 E 2.5(yj)-.15 G (obs are stopped.)-2.5 E F1(checkwinsize)144 354 Q F0 1.09(If set,)184 366 R F1(bash)3.59 E F0 1.09(checks the windo)3.59 F 3.59(ws)-.25 G 1.09 (ize after each e)-3.59 F 1.09(xternal \(non-b)-.15 F 1.09 (uiltin\) command and, if)-.2 F(necessary)184 378 Q 4.694(,u)-.65 G 2.194(pdates the v)-4.694 F 2.194(alues of)-.25 F F2(LINES)4.694 E F0 (and)4.444 E F2(COLUMNS)4.693 E/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 2.193 (This option is enabled by)6.693 F(def)184 390 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1(cmdhist) 144 402 Q F0 1.202(If set,)184 402 R F1(bash)3.702 E F0 1.202 (attempts to sa)3.702 F 1.502 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 1.202 (ll lines of a multiple-line command in the same history).15 F(entry)184 414 Q 6.133(.T)-.65 G 1.133(his allo)-6.133 F 1.133 (ws easy re-editing of multi-line commands.)-.25 F 1.132 (This option is enabled by)6.132 F(def)184 426 Q .613(ault, b)-.1 F .613 (ut only has an ef)-.2 F .614 (fect if command history is enabled, as described abo)-.25 F .914 -.15 (ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2(HIST)184 438 Q(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F3(.)A F1 (compat31)144 450 Q F0 .42(If set,)184 462 R F1(bash)2.92 E F0 .42 (changes its beha)2.92 F .419(vior to that of v)-.2 F .419 (ersion 3.1 with respect to quoted ar)-.15 F(guments)-.18 E .461(to the) 184 474 R F1([[)2.961 E F0 .462(conditional command')2.962 F(s)-.55 E F1 (=~)2.962 E F0 .462 (operator and locale-speci\214c string comparison when)2.962 F .71 (using the)184 486 R F1([[)3.21 E F0 .71(conditional command')3.21 F(s) -.55 E F1(<)3.21 E F0(and)3.21 E F1(>)3.21 E F0 3.21(operators. Bash) 3.21 F -.15(ve)3.21 G .71(rsions prior to bash-4.1).15 F .82 (use ASCII collation and)184 498 R/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(str)3.321 E (cmp)-.37 E F0 .821(\(3\); bash-4.1 and later use the current locale') .19 F 3.321(sc)-.55 G(ollation)-3.321 E(sequence and)184 510 Q F4(str) 2.5 E(coll)-.37 E F0(\(3\).).51 E F1(compat32)144 522 Q F0 1.41(If set,) 184 534 R F1(bash)3.91 E F0 1.41(changes its beha)3.91 F 1.409 (vior to that of v)-.2 F 1.409 (ersion 3.2 with respect to locale-speci\214c)-.15 F .422 (string comparison when using the)184 546 R F1([[)2.922 E F0 .422 (conditional command')2.922 F(s)-.55 E F1(<)2.922 E F0(and)2.922 E F1(>) 2.923 E F0 .423(operators \(see pre-)2.923 F .481 (vious item\) and the ef)184 558 R .481 (fect of interrupting a command list.)-.25 F .48(Bash v)5.481 F .48 (ersions 3.2 and earlier)-.15 F(continue with the ne)184 570 Q (xt command in the list after one terminates due to an interrupt.)-.15 E F1(compat40)144 582 Q F0 1.409(If set,)184 594 R F1(bash)3.909 E F0 1.409(changes its beha)3.909 F 1.409(vior to that of v)-.2 F 1.41 (ersion 4.0 with respect to locale-speci\214c)-.15 F 2.008 (string comparison when using the)184 606 R F1([[)4.508 E F0 2.007 (conditional command')4.508 F(s)-.55 E F1(<)4.507 E F0(and)4.507 E F1(>) 4.507 E F0 2.007(operators \(see)4.507 F .769(description of)184 618 R F1(compat31)3.269 E F0 3.269(\)a)C .769(nd the ef)-3.269 F .769 (fect of interrupting a command list.)-.25 F .77(Bash v)5.77 F(ersions) -.15 E .087(4.0 and later interrupt the list as if the shell recei)184 630 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.586(dt).15 G .086(he interrupt; pre)-2.586 F .086 (vious v)-.25 F .086(ersions con-)-.15 F(tinue with the ne)184 642 Q (xt command in the list.)-.15 E F1(compat41)144 654 Q F0 1.523(If set,) 184 666 R F1(bash)4.023 E F0 4.023(,w)C 1.523(hen in)-4.023 F F4 1.523 (posix mode)4.023 F F0 4.024(,t)C 1.524 (reats a single quote in a double-quoted parameter)-4.024 F -.15(ex)184 678 S .959(pansion as a special character).15 F 5.959(.T)-.55 G .958 (he single quotes must match \(an e)-5.959 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.458(nn).15 G .958(umber\) and)-3.458 F .59 (the characters between the single quotes are considered quoted.)184 690 R .59(This is the beha)5.59 F .59(vior of)-.2 F .59 (posix mode through v)184 702 R .589(ersion 4.1.)-.15 F .589(The def) 5.589 F .589(ault bash beha)-.1 F .589(vior remains as in pre)-.2 F .589 (vious v)-.25 F(er)-.15 E(-)-.2 E(sions.)184 714 Q(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q (2004 Apr 20)149.565 E(18)198.725 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 19 19 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 87.61 (TINS\(1\) General)-.92 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)90.11 G(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(compat42)144 84 Q F0 1.796(If set,)184 96 R F1(bash)4.296 E F0 1.796 (does not process the replacement string in the pattern substitution w) 4.296 F(ord)-.1 E -.15(ex)184 108 S(pansion using quote remo).15 E -.25 (va)-.15 G(l.).25 E F1(compat43)144 120 Q F0 .141(If set,)184 132 R F1 (bash)2.641 E F0 .141(does not print a w)2.641 F .14 (arning message if an attempt is made to use a quoted com-)-.1 F .912 (pound array assignment as an ar)184 144 R .912(gument to)-.18 F F1 (declar)3.413 E(e)-.18 E F0 3.413(,m)C(ak)-3.413 E .913(es w)-.1 F .913 (ord e)-.1 F .913(xpansion errors non-)-.15 F -.1(fa)184 156 S .353 (tal errors that cause the current command to f).1 F .353(ail \(the def) -.1 F .352(ault beha)-.1 F .352(vior is to mak)-.2 F 2.852(et)-.1 G(hem) -2.852 E -.1(fa)184 168 S 1.057(tal errors that cause the shell to e).1 F 1.058(xit\), and does not reset the loop state when a shell)-.15 F .375(function is e)184 180 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .375(cuted \(this allo).15 F (ws)-.25 E F1(br)2.875 E(eak)-.18 E F0(or)2.875 E F1(continue)2.875 E F0 .374(in a shell function to af)2.875 F .374(fect loops in)-.25 F (the caller')184 192 Q 2.5(sc)-.55 G(onte)-2.5 E(xt\).)-.15 E F1 (compat44)144 204 Q F0 .441(If set,)184 216 R F1(bash)2.941 E F0(sa) 2.942 E -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.942(st).15 G .442(he positional parameters to B) -2.942 F .442(ASH_ARGV and B)-.35 F .442(ASH_ARGC before)-.35 F(the)184 228 Q 2.5(ya)-.15 G(re used, re)-2.5 E -.05(ga)-.15 G (rdless of whether or not e).05 E(xtended deb)-.15 E (ugging mode is enabled.)-.2 E F1(complete_fullquote)144 240 Q F0 .654 (If set,)184 252 R F1(bash)3.153 E F0 .653(quotes all shell metacharact\ ers in \214lenames and directory names when per)3.153 F(-)-.2 E 1.524 (forming completion.)184 264 R 1.524(If not set,)6.524 F F1(bash)4.024 E F0(remo)4.024 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 4.024(sm).15 G 1.524 (etacharacters such as the dollar sign)-4.024 F 2.667(from the set of c\ haracters that will be quoted in completed \214lenames when these)184 276 R .028(metacharacters appear in shell v)184 288 R .028 (ariable references in w)-.25 F .029(ords to be completed.)-.1 F .029 (This means)5.029 F 1.073(that dollar signs in v)184 300 R 1.073 (ariable names that e)-.25 F 1.073 (xpand to directories will not be quoted; ho)-.15 F(w-)-.25 E -2.15 -.25 (ev e)184 312 T 1.922 -.4(r, a).25 H 1.422 -.15(ny d).4 H 1.123 (ollar signs appearing in \214lenames will not be quoted, either).15 F 6.123(.T)-.55 G 1.123(his is acti)-6.123 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .59 (only when bash is using backslashes to quote completed \214lenames.)184 324 R .59(This v)5.59 F .59(ariable is set)-.25 F(by def)184 336 Q (ault, which is the def)-.1 E(ault bash beha)-.1 E(vior in v)-.2 E (ersions through 4.2.)-.15 E F1(dir)144 348 Q(expand)-.18 E F0 .486 (If set,)184 360 R F1(bash)2.986 E F0 .486 (replaces directory names with the results of w)2.986 F .486(ord e)-.1 F .487(xpansion when perform-)-.15 F .18(ing \214lename completion.)184 372 R .179(This changes the contents of the readline editing b)5.18 F (uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 5.179(.I)-.55 G 2.679(fn)-5.179 G(ot)-2.679 E(set,) 184 384 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0(attempts to preserv)2.5 E 2.5(ew)-.15 G (hat the user typed.)-2.5 E F1(dirspell)144 396 Q F0 .858(If set,)184 396 R F1(bash)3.358 E F0 .858 (attempts spelling correction on directory names during w)3.358 F .859 (ord completion if)-.1 F (the directory name initially supplied does not e)184 408 Q(xist.)-.15 E F1(dotglob)144 420 Q F0 .165(If set,)184 420 R F1(bash)2.665 E F0 .165 (includes \214lenames be)2.665 F .165(ginning with a `.)-.15 F 2.665('i) -.7 G 2.665(nt)-2.665 G .165(he results of pathname e)-2.665 F (xpansion.)-.15 E(The \214lenames)184 432 Q F1 -.63(``)2.5 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0(and)5 E F1 -.63(``)2.5 G(..).63 E -.63('')-.55 G F0 (must al)5.63 E -.1(wa)-.1 G(ys be matched e).1 E(xplicitly)-.15 E 2.5 (,e)-.65 G -.15(ve)-2.75 G 2.5(ni).15 G(f)-2.5 E F1(dotglob)2.5 E F0 (is set.)2.5 E F1(execfail)144 444 Q F0 1.386(If set, a non-interacti) 184 444 R 1.686 -.15(ve s)-.25 H 1.386(hell will not e).15 F 1.386 (xit if it cannot e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.387 (cute the \214le speci\214ed as an).15 F(ar)184 456 Q(gument to the)-.18 E F1(exec)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command.).2 E(An interacti)5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hell does not e).15 E(xit if)-.15 E F1(exec)2.5 E F0 -.1(fa)2.5 G(ils.).1 E F1(expand_aliases)144 468 Q F0 .717 (If set, aliases are e)184 480 R .717(xpanded as described abo)-.15 F 1.017 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(ALIASES)3.217 E /F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .716(This option is enabled)5.217 F (by def)184 492 Q(ault for interacti)-.1 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.) .15 E F1(extdeb)144 504 Q(ug)-.2 E F0 .671(If set at shell in)184 516 R -.2(vo)-.4 G .671(cation, arrange to e).2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .671 (cute the deb).15 F .672(ugger pro\214le before the shell starts,)-.2 F .221(identical to the)184 528 R F12.721 E(ugger)-.2 E F0 2.721(option. If)2.721 F .221(set after in)2.721 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .221 (cation, beha).2 F .22(vior intended for use by)-.2 F(deb)184 540 Q (uggers is enabled:)-.2 E F1(1.)184 552 Q F0(The)220 552 Q F14.25 E F0 1.75(option to the)4.25 F F1(declar)4.251 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu) 4.251 G 1.751(iltin displays the source \214le name and line).2 F (number corresponding to each function name supplied as an ar)220 564 Q (gument.)-.18 E F1(2.)184 576 Q F0 1.667(If the command run by the)220 576 R F1(DEB)4.167 E(UG)-.1 E F0 1.667(trap returns a non-zero v)4.167 F 1.667(alue, the ne)-.25 F(xt)-.15 E(command is skipped and not e)220 588 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1(3.)184 600 Q F0 .84 (If the command run by the)220 600 R F1(DEB)3.34 E(UG)-.1 E F0 .841 (trap returns a v)3.341 F .841(alue of 2, and the shell is)-.25 F -.15 (exe)220 612 S .488 (cuting in a subroutine \(a shell function or a shell script e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .488(cuted by the).15 F F1(.)2.988 E F0(or)2.988 E F1 (sour)220 624 Q(ce)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G (iltins\), the shell simulates a call to).2 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(tur).18 E (n)-.15 E F0(.)A F1(4.)184 636 Q F2 -.27(BA)220 636 S(SH_ARGC).27 E F0 (and)3.153 E F2 -.27(BA)3.403 G(SH_ARGV).27 E F0 .904 (are updated as described in their descriptions)3.154 F(abo)220 648 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E F1(5.)184 660 Q F0 1.637(Function tracing is ena\ bled: command substitution, shell functions, and sub-)220 660 R (shells in)220 672 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(dw).1 G(ith)-2.5 E F1 (\()2.5 E/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(command)2.5 E F1(\))2.5 E F0 (inherit the)2.5 E F1(DEB)2.5 E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)2.5 E F1(RETURN)2.5 E F0 (traps.)2.5 E F1(6.)184 684 Q F0 1.082(Error tracing is enabled: comman\ d substitution, shell functions, and subshells)220 684 R(in)220 696 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(dw).1 G(ith)-2.5 E F1(\()2.5 E F4(command) 2.5 E F1(\))2.5 E F0(inherit the)2.5 E F1(ERR)2.5 E F0(trap.)2.5 E F1 (extglob)144 708 Q F0 .4(If set, the e)184 708 R .4 (xtended pattern matching features described abo)-.15 F .7 -.15(ve u) -.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.1(Pa)2.9 G .4(thname Expan-).1 F(sion)184 720 Q F0(are enabled.)2.5 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)149.565 E(19) 198.725 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 20 20 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 87.61 (TINS\(1\) General)-.92 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)90.11 G(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(extquote)144 84 Q F0 2.473(If set,)184 96 R F1($)4.973 E F0<08>A/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF (string)A F0 4.973<0861>C(nd)-4.973 E F1($)4.973 E F0(")A F2(string)A F0 4.973("q)C 2.473(uoting is performed within)-4.973 F F1(${)4.973 E F2 (par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(})A F0 -.15(ex)4.973 G(pansions).15 E (enclosed in double quotes.)184 108 Q(This option is enabled by def)5 E (ault.)-.1 E F1(failglob)144 120 Q F0 1.425(If set, patterns which f)184 120 R 1.425(ail to match \214lenames during pathname e)-.1 F 1.424 (xpansion result in an)-.15 F -.15(ex)184 132 S(pansion error).15 E(.) -.55 E F1 -.25(fo)144 144 S -.18(rc).25 G(e_\214gnor).18 E(e)-.18 E F0 .936(If set, the suf)184 156 R<8c78>-.25 E .936(es speci\214ed by the) -.15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(FIGNORE)3.436 E F0 .936(shell v)3.186 F .936 (ariable cause w)-.25 F .937(ords to be ignored)-.1 F .32 (when performing w)184 168 R .32(ord completion e)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.82(ni).15 G 2.82(ft)-2.82 G .32(he ignored w)-2.82 F .32 (ords are the only possible com-)-.1 F 2.947(pletions. See)184 180 R F3 .447(SHELL V)2.947 F(ARIABLES)-1.215 E F0(abo)2.697 E .747 -.15(ve f) -.15 H .448(or a description of).15 F F3(FIGNORE)2.948 E/F4 9 /Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .448(This option is)4.948 F(enabled by def)184 192 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1(globasciiranges)144 204 Q F0 2.519(If set, range e) 184 216 R 2.519(xpressions used in pattern matching brack)-.15 F 2.518 (et e)-.1 F 2.518(xpressions \(see)-.15 F F3 -.09(Pa)5.018 G(tter).09 E (n)-.135 E(Matching)184 228 Q F0(abo)2.964 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.214(\)b) .15 G(eha)-3.214 E 1.014 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 3.214(si).15 G 3.214(fi)-3.214 G 3.214(nt)-3.214 G .714 (he traditional C locale when performing comparisons.)-3.214 F 1.02 (That is, the current locale')184 240 R 3.52(sc)-.55 G 1.02 (ollating sequence is not tak)-3.52 F 1.02(en into account, so)-.1 F F1 (b)3.52 E F0 1.02(will not)3.52 F .956(collate between)184 252 R F1(A) 3.456 E F0(and)3.456 E F1(B)3.456 E F0 3.457(,a)C .957(nd upper)-3.457 F .957(-case and lo)-.2 F(wer)-.25 E .957 (-case ASCII characters will collate)-.2 F(together)184 264 Q(.)-.55 E F1(globstar)144 276 Q F0 .519(If set, the pattern)184 276 R F1(**)3.019 E F0 .519(used in a pathname e)3.019 F .519(xpansion conte)-.15 F .518 (xt will match all \214les and zero)-.15 F .431 (or more directories and subdirectories.)184 288 R .431 (If the pattern is follo)5.431 F .432(wed by a)-.25 F F1(/)2.932 E F0 2.932(,o)C .432(nly directories)-2.932 F(and subdirectories match.)184 300 Q F1(gnu_errfmt)144 312 Q F0(If set, shell error messages are writt\ en in the standard GNU error message format.)184 324 Q F1(histappend)144 336 Q F0 .676 (If set, the history list is appended to the \214le named by the v)184 348 R .676(alue of the)-.25 F F3(HISTFILE)3.176 E F0 -.25(va)2.926 G (ri-).25 E(able when the shell e)184 360 Q(xits, rather than o)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(rwriting the \214le.).15 E F1(histr)144 372 Q(eedit)-.18 E F0 .575(If set, and)184 384 R F1 -.18(re)3.075 G(adline).18 E F0 .575 (is being used, a user is gi)3.075 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.075(nt).15 G .576 (he opportunity to re-edit a f)-3.075 F .576(ailed his-)-.1 F (tory substitution.)184 396 Q F1(histv)144 408 Q(erify)-.1 E F0 .403 (If set, and)184 420 R F1 -.18(re)2.903 G(adline).18 E F0 .403 (is being used, the results of history substitution are not immediately) 2.903 F .661(passed to the shell parser)184 432 R 5.661(.I)-.55 G .662 (nstead, the resulting line is loaded into the)-5.661 F F1 -.18(re)3.162 G(adline).18 E F0(editing)3.162 E -.2(bu)184 444 S -.25(ff).2 G(er).25 E 2.5(,a)-.4 G(llo)-2.5 E(wing further modi\214cation.)-.25 E F1 (hostcomplete)144 456 Q F0 1.182(If set, and)184 468 R F1 -.18(re)3.682 G(adline).18 E F0 1.182(is being used,)3.682 F F1(bash)3.682 E F0 1.181 (will attempt to perform hostname completion)3.681 F 1.38(when a w)184 480 R 1.38(ord containing a)-.1 F F1(@)3.881 E F0 1.381 (is being completed \(see)3.881 F F1(Completing)3.881 E F0(under)3.881 E F3(READLINE)3.881 E F0(abo)184 492 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(\). This).15 F (is enabled by def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(huponexit)144 504 Q F0(If set,) 184 516 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0(will send)2.5 E F3(SIGHUP)2.5 E F0 (to all jobs when an interacti)2.25 E .3 -.15(ve l)-.25 H(ogin shell e) .15 E(xits.)-.15 E F1(inherit_err)144 528 Q(exit)-.18 E F0 .22 (If set, command substitution inherits the v)184 540 R .219(alue of the) -.25 F F1(err)2.719 E(exit)-.18 E F0 .219(option, instead of unsetting) 2.719 F(it in the subshell en)184 552 Q 2.5(vironment. This)-.4 F (option is enabled when)2.5 E F2(posix mode)2.5 E F0(is enabled.)2.5 E F1(interacti)144 564 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G(_comments).1 E F0 .33(If set, allo) 184 576 R 2.83(waw)-.25 G .33(ord be)-2.93 F .33(ginning with)-.15 F F1 (#)2.83 E F0 .33(to cause that w)2.83 F .33 (ord and all remaining characters on)-.1 F .967 (that line to be ignored in an interacti)184 588 R 1.267 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .967(hell \(see).15 F F3(COMMENTS)3.467 E F0(abo)3.217 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.467(\). This).15 F .967(option is)3.467 F(enabled by def)184 600 Q (ault.)-.1 E F1(lastpipe)144 612 Q F0 .066 (If set, and job control is not acti)184 612 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.566(,t) .15 G .066(he shell runs the last command of a pipeline not e)-2.566 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E(cuted in the background in the current shell en) 184 624 Q(vironment.)-.4 E F1(lithist)144 636 Q F0 .655(If set, and the) 184 636 R F1(cmdhist)3.155 E F0 .654 (option is enabled, multi-line commands are sa)3.154 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.154(dt).15 G 3.154(ot)-3.154 G .654(he history)-3.154 F (with embedded ne)184 648 Q (wlines rather than using semicolon separators where possible.)-.25 E F1 (localv)144 660 Q(ar_inherit)-.1 E F0 .421(If set, local v)184 672 R .422(ariables inherit the v)-.25 F .422(alue and attrib)-.25 F .422 (utes of a v)-.2 F .422(ariable of the same name that)-.25 F -.15(ex)184 684 S .174(ists at a pre).15 F .174(vious scope before an)-.25 F 2.673 (yn)-.15 G .673 -.25(ew va)-2.673 H .173(lue is assigned.).25 F .173 (The nameref attrib)5.173 F .173(ute is not)-.2 F(inherited.)184 696 Q (GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)149.565 E(20)198.725 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 21 21 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 87.61 (TINS\(1\) General)-.92 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)90.11 G(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(localv)144 84 Q (ar_unset)-.1 E F0 .328(If set, calling)184 96 R F1(unset)2.828 E F0 .328(on local v)2.828 F .329(ariables in pre)-.25 F .329 (vious function scopes marks them so subse-)-.25 F .543(quent lookups \ \214nd them unset until that function returns. This is identical to the\ beha)184 108 R(v-)-.2 E(ior of unsetting local v)184 120 Q (ariables at the current function scope.)-.25 E F1(login_shell)144 132 Q F0 .486 (The shell sets this option if it is started as a login shell \(see)184 144 R/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(INV)2.987 E(OCA)-.405 E(TION)-.855 E F0(abo) 2.737 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.987(\). The).15 F -.25(va)184 156 S (lue may not be changed.).25 E F1(mailwar)144 168 Q(n)-.15 E F0 .815 (If set, and a \214le that)184 180 R F1(bash)3.315 E F0 .814 (is checking for mail has been accessed since the last time it)3.315 F -.1(wa)184 192 S 2.5(sc).1 G(heck)-2.5 E(ed, the message `)-.1 E (`The mail in)-.74 E/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(mail\214le)2.5 E F0 (has been read')2.5 E 2.5('i)-.74 G 2.5(sd)-2.5 G(isplayed.)-2.5 E F1 (no_empty_cmd_completion)144 204 Q F0 .324(If set, and)184 216 R F1 -.18 (re)2.824 G(adline).18 E F0 .324(is being used,)2.824 F F1(bash)2.824 E F0 .324(will not attempt to search the)2.824 F F2 -.666(PA)2.825 G(TH) -.189 E F0 .325(for possible)2.575 F (completions when completion is attempted on an empty line.)184 228 Q F1 (nocaseglob)144 240 Q F0 .437(If set,)184 252 R F1(bash)2.937 E F0 .436 (matches \214lenames in a case\255insensiti)2.937 F .736 -.15(ve f)-.25 H .436(ashion when performing pathname).05 F -.15(ex)184 264 S (pansion \(see).15 E F1 -.1(Pa)2.5 G(thname Expansion).1 E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1(nocasematch)144 276 Q F0 1.193(If set,)184 288 R F1(bash)3.693 E F0 1.194(matches patterns in a case\255insensiti) 3.693 F 1.494 -.15(ve f)-.25 H 1.194(ashion when performing matching).05 F .551(while e)184 300 R -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F1(case)3.051 E F0 (or)3.051 E F1([[)3.051 E F0 .551 (conditional commands, when performing pattern substitution)3.051 F -.1 (wo)184 312 S .622(rd e).1 F .623(xpansions, or when \214ltering possib\ le completions as part of programmable com-)-.15 F(pletion.)184 324 Q F1 (nullglob)144 336 Q F0 .855(If set,)184 348 R F1(bash)3.355 E F0(allo) 3.355 E .855(ws patterns which match no \214les \(see)-.25 F F1 -.1(Pa) 3.354 G .854(thname Expansion).1 F F0(abo)3.354 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.354 (\)t).15 G(o)-3.354 E -.15(ex)184 360 S (pand to a null string, rather than themselv).15 E(es.)-.15 E F1(pr)144 372 Q(ogcomp)-.18 E F0 .676(If set, the programmable completion f)184 384 R .677(acilities \(see)-.1 F F1(Pr)3.177 E .677 (ogrammable Completion)-.18 F F0(abo)3.177 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\)).15 E (are enabled.)184 396 Q(This option is enabled by def)5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1 (pr)144 408 Q(ogcomp_alias)-.18 E F0 2.124 (If set, and programmable completion is enabled,)184 420 R F1(bash)4.624 E F0 2.124(treats a command name that)4.624 F(doesn')184 432 Q 3.288(th) -.18 G -2.25 -.2(av e)-3.288 H(an)3.488 E 3.288(yc)-.15 G .789 (ompletions as a possible alias and attempts alias e)-3.288 F .789 (xpansion. If it has)-.15 F 1.473(an alias,)184 444 R F1(bash)3.973 E F0 1.473(attempts programmable completion using the command w)3.973 F 1.473 (ord resulting)-.1 F(from the e)184 456 Q(xpanded alias.)-.15 E F1(pr) 144 468 Q(omptv)-.18 E(ars)-.1 E F0 1.447(If set, prompt strings under) 184 480 R 1.448(go parameter e)-.18 F 1.448 (xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic)-.15 F -.15(ex)184 492 S .171(pansion, and quote remo).15 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.67(la).25 G .17 (fter being e)-2.67 F .17(xpanded as described in)-.15 F F2(PR)2.67 E (OMPTING)-.27 E F0(abo)2.42 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E (This option is enabled by def)184 504 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)144 516 S(stricted_shell).18 E F0 1.069 (The shell sets this option if it is started in restricted mode \(see) 184 528 R F2 1.069(RESTRICTED SHELL)3.569 F F0(belo)184 540 Q 2.86 (w\). The)-.25 F -.25(va)2.86 G .36(lue may not be changed.).25 F .36 (This is not reset when the startup \214les are e)5.36 F -.15(xe)-.15 G (-).15 E(cuted, allo)184 552 Q(wing the startup \214les to disco)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(rw).15 G(hether or not a shell is restricted.)-2.5 E F1(shift_v)144 564 Q(erbose)-.1 E F0 .501(If set, the)184 576 R F1 (shift)3.001 E F0 -.2(bu)3.001 G .501 (iltin prints an error message when the shift count e).2 F .502 (xceeds the number)-.15 F(of positional parameters.)184 588 Q F1(sour) 144 600 Q(cepath)-.18 E F0 .771(If set, the)184 612 R F1(sour)3.271 E (ce)-.18 E F0(\()3.271 E F1(.)A F0 3.271(\)b)C .771(uiltin uses the v) -3.471 F .771(alue of)-.25 F F2 -.666(PA)3.27 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .77 (to \214nd the directory containing the)3.02 F(\214le supplied as an ar) 184 624 Q 2.5(gument. This)-.18 F(option is enabled by def)2.5 E(ault.) -.1 E F1(xpg_echo)144 636 Q F0(If set, the)184 648 Q F1(echo)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin e).2 E(xpands backslash-escape sequences by def)-.15 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(suspend)108 664.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F0(])A 1.001 (Suspend the e)144 676.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.001 (cution of this shell until it recei).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.501(sa).15 G F2(SIGCONT)A F0 3.502(signal. A)3.252 F 1.002(login shell cannot be) 3.502 F .023(suspended; the)144 688.8 R F12.523 E F0 .023 (option can be used to o)2.523 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .022 (rride this and force the suspension.).15 F .022(The return status is) 5.022 F 2.5(0u)144 700.8 S(nless the shell is a login shell and)-2.5 E F12.5 E F0(is not supplied, or if job control is not enabled.)2.5 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)149.565 E(21)198.725 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 22 22 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 87.61 (TINS\(1\) General)-.92 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)90.11 G(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(test)108 84 Q/F2 10 /Times-Italic@0 SF -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1([)108 96 Q F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G (pr).2 E F1(])2.5 E F0 .877(Return a status of 0 \(true\) or 1 \(f)144 96 R .878(alse\) depending on the e)-.1 F -.25(va)-.25 G .878 (luation of the conditional e).25 F(xpression)-.15 E F2 -.2(ex)144 108 S (pr).2 E F0 5.53(.E).73 G .53 (ach operator and operand must be a separate ar)-5.53 F 3.03 (gument. Expressions)-.18 F .53(are composed of the)3.03 F 3.079 (primaries described abo)144 120 R 3.379 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(CONDITION)5.579 E 3.079(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F/F4 9 /Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F1(test)7.579 E F0 3.08(does not accept an)5.58 F (y)-.15 E(options, nor does it accept and ignore an ar)144 132 Q (gument of)-.18 E F12.5 E F0(as signifying the end of options.)2.5 E .786(Expressions may be combined using the follo)144 150 R .785 (wing operators, listed in decreasing order of prece-)-.25 F 3.411 (dence. The)144 162 R -.25(eva)3.411 G .911 (luation depends on the number of ar).25 F .912(guments; see belo)-.18 F 4.712 -.65(w. O)-.25 H .912(perator precedence is).65 F (used when there are \214v)144 174 Q 2.5(eo)-.15 G 2.5(rm)-2.5 G(ore ar) -2.5 E(guments.)-.18 E F1(!)144 186 Q F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F0 -.35 (Tr)180 186 S(ue if).35 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F0(is f)3.23 E(alse.) -.1 E F1(\()144 198 Q F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1(\))2.5 E F0 .26 (Returns the v)180 198 R .26(alue of)-.25 F F2 -.2(ex)2.76 G(pr).2 E F0 5.26(.T)C .26(his may be used to o)-5.26 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .26 (rride the normal precedence of opera-).15 F(tors.)180 210 Q F2 -.2(ex) 144 222 S(pr1).2 E F02.5 E F1(a)A F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0 -.35 (Tr)180 234 S(ue if both).35 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F0(and)2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0(are true.)2.52 E F2 -.2(ex)144 246 S(pr1).2 E F02.5 E F1(o)A F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0 -.35(Tr)180 258 S (ue if either).35 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F0(or)2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G (pr2).2 E F0(is true.)2.52 E F1(test)144 274.8 Q F0(and)2.5 E F1([)2.5 E F0 -.25(eva)2.5 G(luate conditional e).25 E (xpressions using a set of rules based on the number of ar)-.15 E (guments.)-.18 E 2.5(0a)144 292.8 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E(The e) 180 304.8 Q(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(1a)144 316.8 S -.18 (rg)-2.5 G(ument).18 E(The e)180 328.8 Q (xpression is true if and only if the ar)-.15 E(gument is not null.)-.18 E 2.5(2a)144 340.8 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E .37(If the \214rst ar) 180 352.8 R .37(gument is)-.18 F F1(!)2.87 E F0 2.87(,t)C .37(he e)-2.87 F .37(xpression is true if and only if the second ar)-.15 F .37 (gument is null.)-.18 F .38(If the \214rst ar)180 364.8 R .38 (gument is one of the unary conditional operators listed abo)-.18 F .679 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F3(CONDI-)2.879 E(TION)180 376.8 Q .552 (AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F F4(,)A F0 .552(the e)2.802 F .552 (xpression is true if the unary test is true.)-.15 F .552 (If the \214rst ar)5.552 F(gu-)-.18 E(ment is not a v)180 388.8 Q (alid unary conditional operator)-.25 E 2.5(,t)-.4 G(he e)-2.5 E (xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(3a)144 400.8 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G (uments).18 E .236(The follo)180 412.8 R .236 (wing conditions are applied in the order listed.)-.25 F .236 (If the second ar)5.236 F .236(gument is one of)-.18 F .855 (the binary conditional operators listed abo)180 424.8 R 1.155 -.15 (ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F3(CONDITION)3.355 E .855(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F F4(,)A F0(the)3.105 E .579(result of the e)180 436.8 R .578(xpression i\ s the result of the binary test using the \214rst and third ar)-.15 F (guments)-.18 E 1.332(as operands.)180 448.8 R(The)6.332 E F13.832 E F0(and)3.832 E F13.832 E F0 1.333 (operators are considered binary operators when there are)3.832 F .558 (three ar)180 460.8 R 3.058(guments. If)-.18 F .558(the \214rst ar)3.058 F .558(gument is)-.18 F F1(!)3.058 E F0 3.058(,t)C .558(he v)-3.058 F .558(alue is the ne)-.25 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .558(tion of the tw).05 F (o-ar)-.1 E(gument)-.18 E .52(test using the second and third ar)180 472.8 R 3.021(guments. If)-.18 F .521(the \214rst ar)3.021 F .521 (gument is e)-.18 F(xactly)-.15 E F1(\()3.021 E F0 .521(and the third) 3.021 F(ar)180 484.8 Q .485(gument is e)-.18 F(xactly)-.15 E F1(\))2.985 E F0 2.985(,t)C .485(he result is the one-ar)-2.985 F .485 (gument test of the second ar)-.18 F 2.985(gument. Other)-.18 F(-)-.2 E (wise, the e)180 496.8 Q(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(4a)144 508.8 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E .384(If the \214rst ar)180 520.8 R .384(gument is)-.18 F F1(!)2.884 E F0 2.885(,t)C .385 (he result is the ne)-2.885 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .385(tion of the three-ar) .05 F .385(gument e)-.18 F .385(xpression com-)-.15 F 1.648 (posed of the remaining ar)180 532.8 R 4.147(guments. Otherwise,)-.18 F 1.647(the e)4.147 F 1.647(xpression is parsed and e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G(luated).25 E(according to precedence using the rules listed abo)180 544.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E 2.5(5o)144 556.8 S 2.5(rm)-2.5 G(ore ar) -2.5 E(guments)-.18 E 1.635(The e)180 568.8 R 1.635 (xpression is parsed and e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.635 (luated according to precedence using the rules listed).25 F(abo)180 580.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E(When used with)144 598.8 Q F1(test)2.5 E F0(or)2.5 E F1([)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C(he)-2.5 E F1(<)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F1 (>)2.5 E F0(operators sort le)2.5 E (xicographically using ASCII ordering.)-.15 E F1(times)108 615.6 Q F0 1.229(Print the accumulated user and system times for the shell and for\ processes run from the shell.)144 615.6 R(The return status is 0.)144 627.6 Q F1(trap)108 644.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255lp)A F0 2.5(][)C([)-2.5 E F2(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(])A F2(sigspec)2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .702(The command) 144 656.4 R F2(ar)3.532 E(g)-.37 E F0 .702(is to be read and e)3.422 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .702(cuted when the shell recei).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.203(ss).15 G(ignal\(s\))-3.203 E F2(sigspec)3.203 E F0 5.703(.I).31 G (f)-5.703 E F2(ar)3.533 E(g)-.37 E F0(is)3.423 E .609 (absent \(and there is a single)144 668.4 R F2(sigspec)3.108 E F0 3.108 (\)o)C(r)-3.108 E F13.108 E F0 3.108(,e)C .608 (ach speci\214ed signal is reset to its original disposition)-3.108 F .658(\(the v)144 680.4 R .658(alue it had upon entrance to the shell\).) -.25 F(If)5.658 E F2(ar)3.488 E(g)-.37 E F0 .659 (is the null string the signal speci\214ed by each)3.378 F F2(sigspec) 144.34 692.4 Q F0 .581 (is ignored by the shell and by the commands it in)3.391 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.08(s. If).1 F F2(ar)3.41 E(g)-.37 E F0 .58 (is not present and)3.3 F F13.08 E F0(has)3.08 E 1.214 (been supplied, then the trap commands associated with each)144 704.4 R F2(sigspec)4.054 E F0 1.215(are displayed.)4.024 F 1.215(If no ar)6.215 F(gu-)-.18 E .86(ments are supplied or if only)144 716.4 R F13.36 E F0 .86(is gi)3.36 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(n,).15 E F1(trap)3.36 E F0 .86 (prints the list of commands associated with each)3.36 F 4.326 (signal. The)144 728.4 R F14.326 E F0 1.826(option causes the she\ ll to print a list of signal names and their corresponding)4.326 F (GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)149.565 E(22)198.725 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 23 23 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 87.61 (TINS\(1\) General)-.92 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)90.11 G(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E 3.126(numbers. Each)144 84 R/F1 10 /Times-Italic@0 SF(sigspec)3.466 E F0 .625 (is either a signal name de\214ned in <)3.436 F F1(signal.h)A F0 .625 (>, or a signal number)B 5.625(.S)-.55 G(ignal)-5.625 E (names are case insensiti)144 96 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(nd the).15 E/F2 9 /Times-Bold@0 SF(SIG)2.5 E F0(pre\214x is optional.)2.25 E 1.648(If a) 144 114 R F1(sigspec)4.488 E F0(is)4.458 E F2(EXIT)4.148 E F0 1.648 (\(0\) the command)3.898 F F1(ar)4.479 E(g)-.37 E F0 1.649(is e)4.369 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.649(cuted on e).15 F 1.649(xit from the shell.)-.15 F 1.649(If a)6.649 F F1(sigspec)4.489 E F0(is)4.459 E F2(DEB)144 126 Q(UG) -.09 E/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 1.168(the command)3.418 F F1(ar) 3.998 E(g)-.37 E F0 1.168(is e)3.888 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.167 (cuted before e).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(ry).15 E F1 1.167(simple command) 3.667 F F0(,)A F1(for)3.667 E F0(command,)3.667 E F1(case)3.667 E F0 (com-)3.667 E(mand,)144 138 Q F1(select)2.646 E F0 .146(command, e)2.646 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .146(ry arithmetic).15 F F1(for)2.646 E F0 .147 (command, and before the \214rst command e)2.646 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .147 (cutes in a).15 F .146(shell function \(see)144 150 R F2 .146 (SHELL GRAMMAR)2.646 F F0(abo)2.396 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.646(\). Refer).15 F .146(to the description of the)2.646 F/F4 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(extdeb) 2.645 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .145(option to)2.645 F(the)144 162 Q F4(shopt)3.2 E F0 -.2(bu)3.2 G .7(iltin for details of its ef).2 F .7(fect on the)-.25 F F4(DEB)3.2 E(UG)-.1 E F0 3.2(trap. If)3.2 F(a)3.2 E F1(sigspec)3.54 E F0(is)3.51 E F2(RETURN)3.2 E F3(,)A F0 .701(the com-)2.951 F(mand)144 174 Q F1(ar)3.474 E(g)-.37 E F0 .644(is e)3.364 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .643 (cuted each time a shell function or a script e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .643(cuted with the).15 F F4(.)3.143 E F0(or)3.143 E F4(sour)3.143 E(ce) -.18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.143 G(iltins).2 E(\214nishes e)144 186 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting.).15 E .96(If a)144 204 R F1(sigspec)3.8 E F0(is)3.77 E F2(ERR) 3.46 E F3(,)A F0 .96(the command)3.21 F F1(ar)3.791 E(g)-.37 E F0 .961 (is e)3.681 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .961(cuted whene).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.461 (rap).15 G .961(ipeline \(which may consist of a)-3.461 F .185(single s\ imple command\), a list, or a compound command returns a non\255zero e) 144 216 R .184(xit status, subject to)-.15 F .451(the follo)144 228 R .451(wing conditions.)-.25 F(The)5.451 E F2(ERR)2.951 E F0 .451 (trap is not e)2.701 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .451(cuted if the f).15 F .452 (ailed command is part of the com-)-.1 F .388 (mand list immediately follo)144 240 R .388(wing a)-.25 F F4(while)2.888 E F0(or)2.888 E F4(until)2.888 E F0 -.1(ke)2.888 G(yw)-.05 E .388 (ord, part of the test in an)-.1 F F1(if)2.897 E F0 .387 (statement, part)4.847 F .777(of a command e)144 252 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .778(cuted in a).15 F F4(&&)3.278 E F0(or)3.278 E F4(||)3.278 E F0 .778 (list e)3.278 F .778(xcept the command follo)-.15 F .778 (wing the \214nal)-.25 F F4(&&)3.278 E F0(or)3.278 E F4(||)3.278 E F0 3.278(,a)C -.15(ny)-3.278 G 1.28(command in a pipeline b)144 264 R 1.28 (ut the last, or if the command')-.2 F 3.78(sr)-.55 G 1.28(eturn v)-3.78 F 1.28(alue is being in)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.4 G 1.28(rted using).15 F F4(!) 3.78 E F0(.)A(These are the same conditions obe)144 276 Q(yed by the) -.15 E F4(err)2.5 E(exit)-.18 E F0(\()2.5 E F4A F0 2.5(\)o)C (ption.)-2.5 E 1.095 (Signals ignored upon entry to the shell cannot be trapped or reset.)144 294 R -.35(Tr)6.095 G 1.095(apped signals that are not).35 F .662 (being ignored are reset to their original v)144 306 R .662 (alues in a subshell or subshell en)-.25 F .661(vironment when one is) -.4 F 2.5(created. The)144 318 R(return status is f)2.5 E(alse if an)-.1 E(y)-.15 E F1(sigspec)2.84 E F0(is in)2.81 E -.25(va)-.4 G (lid; otherwise).25 E F4(trap)2.5 E F0(returns true.)2.5 E F4(type)108 334.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F4(\255aftpP)A F0(])A F1(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1 (name)A F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 346.8 S .173 (th no options, indicate ho).4 F 2.673(we)-.25 G(ach)-2.673 E F1(name) 3.033 E F0 -.1(wo)2.853 G .174 (uld be interpreted if used as a command name.).1 F .174(If the)5.174 F F4144 358.8 Q F0 .843(option is used,)3.343 F F4(type)3.343 E F0 .843(prints a string which is one of)3.343 F F1(alias)3.343 E F0(,).27 E F1 -.1(ke)3.343 G(ywor)-.2 E(d)-.37 E F0(,).77 E F1(function)3.343 E F0 (,).24 E F1 -.2(bu)3.342 G(iltin).2 E F0 3.342(,o).24 G(r)-3.342 E F1 (\214le)5.252 E F0(if)3.522 E F1(name)144.36 370.8 Q F0 .086 (is an alias, shell reserv)2.766 F .086(ed w)-.15 F .086 (ord, function, b)-.1 F .087(uiltin, or disk \214le, respecti)-.2 F -.15 (ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.087(.I)-.65 G 2.587(ft)-5.087 G(he)-2.587 E F1 (name)2.947 E F0 .087(is not)2.767 F .119 (found, then nothing is printed, and an e)144 382.8 R .118 (xit status of f)-.15 F .118(alse is returned.)-.1 F .118(If the)5.118 F F42.618 E F0 .118(option is used,)2.618 F F4(type)2.618 E F0 .855 (either returns the name of the disk \214le that w)144 394.8 R .855 (ould be e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .855(cuted if).15 F F1(name)3.715 E F0 .855(were speci\214ed as a com-)3.535 F .641(mand name, or nothing if) 144 406.8 R/F5 10/Courier@0 SF .641(type -t name)3.141 F F0 -.1(wo)3.141 G .641(uld not return).1 F F1(\214le)3.14 E F0 5.64(.T).18 G(he)-5.64 E F43.14 E F0 .64(option forces a)3.14 F F2 -.666(PA)3.14 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .112(search for each)144 418.8 R F1(name)2.612 E F0 2.612(,e)C -.15 (ve)-2.862 G 2.613(ni).15 G(f)-2.613 E F5 .113(type -t name)2.613 F F0 -.1(wo)2.613 G .113(uld not return).1 F F1(\214le)2.613 E F0 5.113(.I) .18 G 2.613(fac)-5.113 G .113(ommand is hashed,)-2.613 F F42.613 E F0(and)144 430.8 Q F43.231 E F0 .731(print the hashed v)3.231 F .73(alue, which is not necessarily the \214le that appears \214rst in) -.25 F F2 -.666(PA)3.23 G(TH)-.189 E F3(.)A F0 .73(If the)5.23 F F4 144 442.8 Q F0 1.748(option is used,)4.248 F F4(type)4.248 E F0 1.748(prints all of the places that contain an e)4.248 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.748(cutable named).15 F F1(name)4.249 E F0 6.749(.T).18 G(his)-6.749 E .744(includes aliases and functions, if and only if the)144 454.8 R F4 3.244 E F0 .744(option is not also used.)3.244 F .743 (The table of hashed)5.744 F 1.223(commands is not consulted when using) 144 466.8 R F43.723 E F0 6.223(.T)C(he)-6.223 E F43.723 E F0 1.223(option suppresses shell function lookup, as)3.723 F .326(with the) 144 478.8 R F4(command)2.826 E F0 -.2(bu)2.826 G(iltin.).2 E F4(type) 5.326 E F0 .326(returns true if all of the ar)2.826 F .325 (guments are found, f)-.18 F .325(alse if an)-.1 F 2.825(ya)-.15 G .325 (re not)-2.825 F(found.)144 490.8 Q F4(ulimit)108 507.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F4 (\255HSabcde\214klmnpqrstuvxPT)A F0([)2.5 E F1(limit)A F0(]])A(Pro)144 519.6 Q .243(vides control o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.743(rt).15 G .243 (he resources a)-2.743 F -.25(va)-.2 G .244 (ilable to the shell and to processes started by it, on systems).25 F .944(that allo)144 531.6 R 3.444(ws)-.25 G .944(uch control.)-3.444 F (The)5.944 E F43.444 E F0(and)3.444 E F43.444 E F0 .943 (options specify that the hard or soft limit is set for the)3.444 F(gi) 144 543.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.708(nr).15 G 2.708(esource. A)-2.708 F .208 (hard limit cannot be increased by a non-root user once it is set; a so\ ft limit may)2.708 F .426(be increased up to the v)144 555.6 R .426 (alue of the hard limit.)-.25 F .425(If neither)5.426 F F42.925 E F0(nor)2.925 E F42.925 E F0 .425 (is speci\214ed, both the soft and)2.925 F .139(hard limits are set.)144 567.6 R .139(The v)5.139 F .139(alue of)-.25 F F1(limit)2.729 E F0 .139 (can be a number in the unit speci\214ed for the resource or one)3.319 F .742(of the special v)144 579.6 R(alues)-.25 E F4(hard)3.242 E F0(,)A F4 (soft)3.241 E F0 3.241(,o)C(r)-3.241 E F4(unlimited)3.241 E F0 3.241(,w) C .741(hich stand for the current hard limit, the current)-3.241 F .78 (soft limit, and no limit, respecti)144 591.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.78(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.78 E F1(limit)3.37 E F0 .78 (is omitted, the current v)3.96 F .78(alue of the soft limit of the)-.25 F .499(resource is printed, unless the)144 603.6 R F42.999 E F0 .499(option is gi)2.999 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.999(n. When).15 F .498 (more than one resource is speci\214ed, the)2.999 F (limit name and unit are printed before the v)144 615.6 Q 2.5 (alue. Other)-.25 F(options are interpreted as follo)2.5 E(ws:)-.25 E F4 144 627.6 Q F0(All current limits are reported)180 627.6 Q F4 144 639.6 Q F0(The maximum sock)180 639.6 Q(et b)-.1 E(uf)-.2 E (fer size)-.25 E F4144 651.6 Q F0 (The maximum size of core \214les created)180 651.6 Q F4144 663.6 Q F0(The maximum size of a process')180 663.6 Q 2.5(sd)-.55 G(ata se) -2.5 E(gment)-.15 E F4144 675.6 Q F0 (The maximum scheduling priority \("nice"\))180 675.6 Q F4144 687.6 Q F0 (The maximum size of \214les written by the shell and its children)180 687.6 Q F4144 699.6 Q F0(The maximum number of pending signals)180 699.6 Q F4144 711.6 Q F0 (The maximum number of kqueues that may be allocated)180 711.6 Q (GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)149.565 E(23)198.725 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 24 24 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 87.61 (TINS\(1\) General)-.92 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)90.11 G(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF144 84 Q F0 (The maximum size that may be lock)180 84 Q(ed into memory)-.1 E F1 144 96 Q F0(The maximum resident set size \(man)180 96 Q 2.5(ys) -.15 G(ystems do not honor this limit\))-2.5 E F1144 108 Q F0 .791 (The maximum number of open \214le descriptors \(most systems do not al\ lo)180 108 R 3.291(wt)-.25 G .791(his v)-3.291 F .791(alue to)-.25 F (be set\))180 120 Q F1144 132 Q F0 (The pipe size in 512-byte blocks \(this may not be set\))180 132 Q F1 144 144 Q F0(The maximum number of bytes in POSIX message queues) 180 144 Q F1144 156 Q F0 (The maximum real-time scheduling priority)180 156 Q F1144 168 Q F0(The maximum stack size)180 168 Q F1144 180 Q F0 (The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds)180 180 Q F1144 192 Q F0(The maximum number of processes a)180 192 Q -.25(va)-.2 G (ilable to a single user).25 E F1144 204 Q F0 .47 (The maximum amount of virtual memory a)180 204 R -.25(va)-.2 G .47 (ilable to the shell and, on some systems, to).25 F(its children)180 216 Q F1144 228 Q F0(The maximum number of \214le locks)180 228 Q F1 144 240 Q F0(The maximum number of pseudoterminals)180 240 Q F1 144 252 Q F0(The maximum number of threads)180 252 Q(If)144 268.8 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(limit)3.058 E F0 .468(is gi)3.648 F -.15(ve) -.25 G .468(n, and the).15 F F12.968 E F0 .468 (option is not used,)2.968 F F2(limit)2.968 E F0 .468(is the ne)2.968 F 2.968(wv)-.25 G .468(alue of the speci\214ed resource.)-3.218 F(If)5.468 E .045(no option is gi)144 280.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .045(n, then).15 F F1 2.545 E F0 .045(is assumed.)2.545 F -1.11(Va)5.045 G .045 (lues are in 1024-byte increments, e)1.11 F .044(xcept for)-.15 F F1 2.544 E F0 2.544(,w)C .044(hich is)-2.544 F 1.588(in seconds;)144 292.8 R F14.088 E F0 4.089(,w)C 1.589 (hich is in units of 512-byte blocks;)-4.089 F F14.089 E F0(,)A F1 4.089 E F0(,)A F14.089 E F0(,)A F14.089 E F0(,)A F1 4.089 E F0 4.089(,a)C(nd)-4.089 E F14.089 E F0 4.089(,w)C 1.589(hich are)-4.089 F 1.476(unscaled v)144 304.8 R 1.476 (alues; and, when in posix mode,)-.25 F F13.976 E F0(and)3.976 E F13.976 E F0 3.976(,w)C 1.476(hich are in 512-byte increments.) -3.976 F(The)6.476 E .404(return status is 0 unless an in)144 316.8 R -.25(va)-.4 G .404(lid option or ar).25 F .404 (gument is supplied, or an error occurs while setting)-.18 F 2.5(an)144 328.8 S .5 -.25(ew l)-2.5 H(imit.).25 E F1(umask)108 345.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(mode)-2.5 E F0(])A .2(The user \214le-creation mask is set to)144 357.6 R F2(mode)2.7 E F0 5.2(.I).18 G(f)-5.2 E F2(mode)3.08 E F0(be)2.88 E .2 (gins with a digit, it is interpreted as an octal)-.15 F .066(number; o\ therwise it is interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that acce\ pted by)144 369.6 R F2 -.15(ch)2.566 G(mod).15 E F0(\(1\).).77 E(If)144 381.6 Q F2(mode)3.263 E F0 .382(is omitted, the current v)3.063 F .382 (alue of the mask is printed.)-.25 F(The)5.382 E F12.882 E F0 .382 (option causes the mask to be)2.882 F .547 (printed in symbolic form; the def)144 393.6 R .547 (ault output is an octal number)-.1 F 5.547(.I)-.55 G 3.047(ft)-5.547 G (he)-3.047 E F13.047 E F0 .547(option is supplied, and)3.047 F F2 (mode)144.38 405.6 Q F0 .552 (is omitted, the output is in a form that may be reused as input.)3.232 F .551(The return status is 0 if the)5.551 F(mode w)144 417.6 Q (as successfully changed or if no)-.1 E F2(mode)2.5 E F0(ar)2.5 E (gument w)-.18 E(as supplied, and f)-.1 E(alse otherwise.)-.1 E F1 (unalias)108 434.4 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1(a)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0 (...])2.5 E(Remo)144 446.4 Q 1.955 -.15(ve e)-.15 H(ach).15 E F2(name) 4.155 E F0 1.655(from the list of de\214ned aliases.)4.155 F(If)6.655 E F14.155 E F0 1.655(is supplied, all alias de\214nitions are)4.155 F(remo)144 458.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(d. The).15 F(return v)2.5 E (alue is true unless a supplied)-.25 E F2(name)2.86 E F0 (is not a de\214ned alias.)2.68 E F1(unset)108 475.2 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1 (fv)A F0 2.5(][)C-2.5 E F1(n)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...]) 2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 487.2 S 3.828(re).15 G(ach)-3.828 E F2(name)3.828 E F0 3.828(,r).18 G(emo)-3.828 E 1.628 -.15(ve t)-.15 H 1.328 (he corresponding v).15 F 1.327(ariable or function.)-.25 F 1.327 (If the)6.327 F F13.827 E F0 1.327(option is gi)3.827 F -.15(ve) -.25 G 1.327(n, each).15 F F2(name)144.36 499.2 Q F0 1.55 (refers to a shell v)4.23 F 1.551(ariable, and that v)-.25 F 1.551 (ariable is remo)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 4.051(d. Read-only).15 F -.25(va) 4.051 G 1.551(riables may not be).25 F 4.642(unset. If)144 511.2 R F1 4.642 E F0 2.142(is speci\214ed, each)4.642 F F2(name)5.001 E F0 2.141(refers to a shell function, and the function de\214nition is)4.821 F(remo)144 523.2 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.537(d. If).15 F(the)2.537 E F1 2.537 E F0 .037(option is supplied, and)2.537 F F2(name)2.537 E F0 .037 (is a v)2.537 F .037(ariable with the)-.25 F F2(namer)2.537 E(ef)-.37 E F0(attrib)2.537 E(ute,)-.2 E F2(name)2.537 E F0(will)2.538 E .492 (be unset rather than the v)144 535.2 R .492(ariable it references.)-.25 F F15.492 E F0 .492(has no ef)2.992 F .492(fect if the)-.25 F F1 2.992 E F0 .492(option is supplied.)2.992 F .492(If no)5.492 F .22 (options are supplied, each)144 547.2 R F2(name)2.72 E F0 .22 (refers to a v)2.72 F .221(ariable; if there is no v)-.25 F .221 (ariable by that name, an)-.25 F 2.721(yf)-.15 G(unc-)-2.721 E 1.189 (tion with that name is unset.)144 559.2 R 1.189(Each unset v)6.189 F 1.189(ariable or function is remo)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.688(df).15 G 1.188(rom the en)-3.688 F(vironment)-.4 E 3.205 (passed to subsequent commands.)144 571.2 R 3.206(If an)8.206 F 5.706 (yo)-.15 G(f)-5.706 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(COMP_W)5.706 E(ORDBREAKS)-.09 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F3(RANDOM)5.456 E F4(,)A F3(SECONDS)5.456 E F4(,)A F3(LINENO)144 583.2 Q F4(,)A F3(HISTCMD)4.348 E F4(,)A F3(FUNCN) 4.348 E(AME)-.18 E F4(,)A F3(GR)4.348 E(OUPS)-.27 E F4(,)A F0(or)4.348 E F3(DIRST)4.598 E -.495(AC)-.81 G(K).495 E F0 2.098(are unset, the)4.348 F 4.597(yl)-.15 G 2.097(ose their special)-4.597 F(properties, e)144 595.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he)-2.5 E 2.5(ya)-.15 G(re subsequently reset.)-2.5 E(The e)5 E(xit status is true unless a) -.15 E F2(name)2.86 E F0(is readonly)2.68 E(.)-.65 E F1(wait)108 612 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255fn)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(id ...)-2.5 E F0(])A -.8(Wa)144 624 S .659(it for each speci\214ed child process and return its termina\ tion status.).8 F(Each)5.659 E F2(id)3.169 E F0 .659(may be a process) 3.929 F .009(ID or a job speci\214cation; if a job spec is gi)144 636 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .008(n, all processes in that job').15 F 2.508(sp)-.55 G .008(ipeline are w)-2.508 F .008(aited for)-.1 F 5.008(.I)-.55 G(f) -5.008 E F2(id)144.01 648 Q F0 .521(is not gi)3.791 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .521(n, all currently acti).15 F .821 -.15(ve c)-.25 H .521 (hild processes are w).15 F .521(aited for)-.1 F 3.021(,a)-.4 G .521 (nd the return status is zero.)-3.021 F(If)5.522 E(the)144 660 Q F1 3.057 E F0 .557(option is supplied,)3.057 F F1(wait)3.057 E F0 -.1 (wa)3.057 G .557(its for an).1 F 3.057(yj)-.15 G .557 (ob to terminate and returns its e)-3.057 F .557(xit status.)-.15 F .556 (If the)5.556 F F13.056 E F0 .586 (option is supplied, and job control is enabled,)144 672 R F1(wait)3.086 E F0(forces)3.086 E F2(id)3.086 E F0 .587 (to terminate before returning its sta-)3.086 F .756 (tus, instead of returning when it changes status.)144 684 R(If)5.756 E F2(id)3.266 E F0 .755(speci\214es a non-e)4.026 F .755 (xistent process or job, the)-.15 F .365(return status is 127.)144 696 R .365(Otherwise, the return status is the e)5.365 F .365 (xit status of the last process or job w)-.15 F(aited)-.1 E(for)144 708 Q(.)-.55 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)149.565 E(24)198.725 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 25 25 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 87.61 (TINS\(1\) General)-.92 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)90.11 G(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(SEE ALSO)72 84 Q F0(bash\(1\), sh\(1\))108 96 Q(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)149.565 E(25)198.725 E 0 Cg EP %%Trailer end %%EOF