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authorDaniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org>2024-05-05 18:37:14 +0000
committerDaniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org>2024-05-05 18:37:14 +0000
commitea648e70a989cca190cd7403fe892fd2dcc290b4 (patch)
treee2b6b1c647da68b0d4d66082835e256eb30970e8 /bin/delv/delv.docbook
parentInitial commit. (diff)
downloadbind9-upstream.tar.xz
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+<!DOCTYPE book [
+<!ENTITY mdash "&#8212;">]>
+<!--
+ - Copyright (C) Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC")
+ -
+ - This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
+ - License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
+ - file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
+ -
+ - See the COPYRIGHT file distributed with this work for additional
+ - information regarding copyright ownership.
+-->
+
+<!-- Converted by db4-upgrade version 1.0 -->
+<refentry xmlns:db="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" version="5.0" xml:id="man.delv">
+ <info>
+ <date>2014-04-23</date>
+ </info>
+ <refentryinfo>
+ <corpname>ISC</corpname>
+ <corpauthor>Internet Systems Consortium, Inc.</corpauthor>
+ </refentryinfo>
+
+ <refmeta>
+ <refentrytitle>delv</refentrytitle>
+ <manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
+ <refmiscinfo>BIND9</refmiscinfo>
+ </refmeta>
+
+ <refnamediv>
+ <refname>delv</refname>
+ <refpurpose>DNS lookup and validation utility</refpurpose>
+ </refnamediv>
+
+ <docinfo>
+ <copyright>
+ <year>2014</year>
+ <year>2015</year>
+ <year>2016</year>
+ <year>2017</year>
+ <year>2018</year>
+ <year>2019</year>
+ <holder>Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC")</holder>
+ </copyright>
+ </docinfo>
+
+ <refsynopsisdiv>
+ <cmdsynopsis sepchar=" ">
+ <command>delv</command>
+ <arg choice="opt" rep="norepeat">@server</arg>
+ <group choice="opt" rep="norepeat">
+ <arg choice="opt" rep="norepeat"><option>-4</option></arg>
+ <arg choice="opt" rep="norepeat"><option>-6</option></arg>
+ </group>
+ <arg choice="opt" rep="norepeat"><option>-a <replaceable class="parameter">anchor-file</replaceable></option></arg>
+ <arg choice="opt" rep="norepeat"><option>-b <replaceable class="parameter">address</replaceable></option></arg>
+ <arg choice="opt" rep="norepeat"><option>-c <replaceable class="parameter">class</replaceable></option></arg>
+ <arg choice="opt" rep="norepeat"><option>-d <replaceable class="parameter">level</replaceable></option></arg>
+ <arg choice="opt" rep="norepeat"><option>-i</option></arg>
+ <arg choice="opt" rep="norepeat"><option>-m</option></arg>
+ <arg choice="opt" rep="norepeat"><option>-p <replaceable class="parameter">port#</replaceable></option></arg>
+ <arg choice="opt" rep="norepeat"><option>-q <replaceable class="parameter">name</replaceable></option></arg>
+ <arg choice="opt" rep="norepeat"><option>-t <replaceable class="parameter">type</replaceable></option></arg>
+ <arg choice="opt" rep="norepeat"><option>-x <replaceable class="parameter">addr</replaceable></option></arg>
+ <arg choice="opt" rep="norepeat">name</arg>
+ <arg choice="opt" rep="norepeat">type</arg>
+ <arg choice="opt" rep="norepeat">class</arg>
+ <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">queryopt</arg>
+ </cmdsynopsis>
+
+ <cmdsynopsis sepchar=" ">
+ <command>delv</command>
+ <arg choice="opt" rep="norepeat"><option>-h</option></arg>
+ </cmdsynopsis>
+
+ <cmdsynopsis sepchar=" ">
+ <command>delv</command>
+ <arg choice="opt" rep="norepeat"><option>-v</option></arg>
+ </cmdsynopsis>
+
+ <cmdsynopsis sepchar=" ">
+ <command>delv</command>
+ <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">queryopt</arg>
+ <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">query</arg>
+ </cmdsynopsis>
+ </refsynopsisdiv>
+
+ <refsection><info><title>DESCRIPTION</title></info>
+
+ <para><command>delv</command>
+ is a tool for sending
+ DNS queries and validating the results, using the same internal
+ resolver and validator logic as <command>named</command>.
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ <command>delv</command> will send to a specified name server all
+ queries needed to fetch and validate the requested data; this
+ includes the original requested query, subsequent queries to follow
+ CNAME or DNAME chains, and queries for DNSKEY, DS and DLV records
+ to establish a chain of trust for DNSSEC validation.
+ It does not perform iterative resolution, but simulates the
+ behavior of a name server configured for DNSSEC validating and
+ forwarding.
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ By default, responses are validated using built-in DNSSEC trust
+ anchor for the root zone ("."). Records returned by
+ <command>delv</command> are either fully validated or
+ were not signed. If validation fails, an explanation of
+ the failure is included in the output; the validation process
+ can be traced in detail. Because <command>delv</command> does
+ not rely on an external server to carry out validation, it can
+ be used to check the validity of DNS responses in environments
+ where local name servers may not be trustworthy.
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ Unless it is told to query a specific name server,
+ <command>delv</command> will try each of the servers listed in
+ <filename>/etc/resolv.conf</filename>. If no usable server
+ addresses are found, <command>delv</command> will send
+ queries to the localhost addresses (127.0.0.1 for IPv4, ::1
+ for IPv6).
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ When no command line arguments or options are given,
+ <command>delv</command> will perform an NS query for "."
+ (the root zone).
+ </para>
+ </refsection>
+
+ <refsection><info><title>SIMPLE USAGE</title></info>
+
+
+ <para>
+ A typical invocation of <command>delv</command> looks like:
+ <programlisting> delv @server name type </programlisting>
+ where:
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><constant>server</constant></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ is the name or IP address of the name server to query. This
+ can be an IPv4 address in dotted-decimal notation or an IPv6
+ address in colon-delimited notation. When the supplied
+ <parameter>server</parameter> argument is a hostname,
+ <command>delv</command> resolves that name before
+ querying that name server (note, however, that this
+ initial lookup is <emphasis>not</emphasis> validated
+ by DNSSEC).
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ If no <parameter>server</parameter> argument is
+ provided, <command>delv</command> consults
+ <filename>/etc/resolv.conf</filename>; if an
+ address is found there, it queries the name server at
+ that address. If either of the <option>-4</option> or
+ <option>-6</option> options are in use, then
+ only addresses for the corresponding transport
+ will be tried. If no usable addresses are found,
+ <command>delv</command> will send queries to
+ the localhost addresses (127.0.0.1 for IPv4,
+ ::1 for IPv6).
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><constant>name</constant></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ is the domain name to be looked up.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><constant>type</constant></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ indicates what type of query is required &mdash;
+ ANY, A, MX, etc.
+ <parameter>type</parameter> can be any valid query
+ type. If no
+ <parameter>type</parameter> argument is supplied,
+ <command>delv</command> will perform a lookup for an
+ A record.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ </variablelist>
+ </para>
+
+ </refsection>
+
+ <refsection><info><title>OPTIONS</title></info>
+
+ <variablelist>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>-a <replaceable class="parameter">anchor-file</replaceable></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Specifies a file from which to read DNSSEC trust anchors.
+ The default is <filename>/etc/bind.keys</filename>, which
+ is included with <acronym>BIND</acronym> 9 and contains
+ one or more trust anchors for the root zone (".").
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ Keys that do not match the root zone name are ignored.
+ An alternate key name can be specified using the
+ <option>+root=NAME</option> options. DNSSEC Lookaside
+ Validation can also be turned on by using the
+ <option>+dlv=NAME</option> to specify the name of a
+ zone containing DLV records.
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ Note: When reading the trust anchor file,
+ <command>delv</command> treats <option>managed-keys</option>
+ statements and <option>trusted-keys</option> statements
+ identically. That is, for a managed key, it is the
+ <emphasis>initial</emphasis> key that is trusted; RFC 5011
+ key management is not supported. <command>delv</command>
+ will not consult the managed-keys database maintained by
+ <command>named</command>. This means that if either of the
+ keys in <filename>/etc/bind.keys</filename> is revoked
+ and rolled over, it will be necessary to update
+ <filename>/etc/bind.keys</filename> to use DNSSEC
+ validation in <command>delv</command>.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>-b <replaceable class="parameter">address</replaceable></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Sets the source IP address of the query to
+ <parameter>address</parameter>. This must be a valid address
+ on one of the host's network interfaces or "0.0.0.0" or "::".
+ An optional source port may be specified by appending
+ "#&lt;port&gt;"
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>-c <replaceable class="parameter">class</replaceable></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Sets the query class for the requested data. Currently,
+ only class "IN" is supported in <command>delv</command>
+ and any other value is ignored.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>-d <replaceable class="parameter">level</replaceable></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Set the systemwide debug level to <option>level</option>.
+ The allowed range is from 0 to 99.
+ The default is 0 (no debugging).
+ Debugging traces from <command>delv</command> become
+ more verbose as the debug level increases.
+ See the <option>+mtrace</option>, <option>+rtrace</option>,
+ and <option>+vtrace</option> options below for additional
+ debugging details.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>-h</term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Display the <command>delv</command> help usage output and exit.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>-i</term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Insecure mode. This disables internal DNSSEC validation.
+ (Note, however, this does not set the CD bit on upstream
+ queries. If the server being queried is performing DNSSEC
+ validation, then it will not return invalid data; this
+ can cause <command>delv</command> to time out. When it
+ is necessary to examine invalid data to debug a DNSSEC
+ problem, use <command>dig +cd</command>.)
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>-m</term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Enables memory usage debugging.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>-p <replaceable class="parameter">port#</replaceable></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Specifies a destination port to use for queries instead of
+ the standard DNS port number 53. This option would be used
+ with a name server that has been configured to listen
+ for queries on a non-standard port number.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>-q <replaceable class="parameter">name</replaceable></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Sets the query name to <parameter>name</parameter>.
+ While the query name can be specified without using the
+ <option>-q</option>, it is sometimes necessary to disambiguate
+ names from types or classes (for example, when looking up the
+ name "ns", which could be misinterpreted as the type NS,
+ or "ch", which could be misinterpreted as class CH).
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>-t <replaceable class="parameter">type</replaceable></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Sets the query type to <parameter>type</parameter>, which
+ can be any valid query type supported in BIND 9 except
+ for zone transfer types AXFR and IXFR. As with
+ <option>-q</option>, this is useful to distinguish
+ query name type or class when they are ambiguous.
+ it is sometimes necessary to disambiguate names from types.
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ The default query type is "A", unless the <option>-x</option>
+ option is supplied to indicate a reverse lookup, in which case
+ it is "PTR".
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>-v</term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Print the <command>delv</command> version and exit.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>-x <replaceable class="parameter">addr</replaceable></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Performs a reverse lookup, mapping an addresses to
+ a name. <parameter>addr</parameter> is an IPv4 address in
+ dotted-decimal notation, or a colon-delimited IPv6 address.
+ When <option>-x</option> is used, there is no need to provide
+ the <parameter>name</parameter> or <parameter>type</parameter>
+ arguments. <command>delv</command> automatically performs a
+ lookup for a name like <literal>11.12.13.10.in-addr.arpa</literal>
+ and sets the query type to PTR. IPv6 addresses are looked up
+ using nibble format under the IP6.ARPA domain.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>-4</term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Forces <command>delv</command> to only use IPv4.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>-6</term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Forces <command>delv</command> to only use IPv6.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ </variablelist>
+ </refsection>
+
+ <refsection><info><title>QUERY OPTIONS</title></info>
+
+
+ <para><command>delv</command>
+ provides a number of query options which affect the way results are
+ displayed, and in some cases the way lookups are performed.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Each query option is identified by a keyword preceded by a plus sign
+ (<literal>+</literal>). Some keywords set or reset an
+ option. These may be preceded by the string
+ <literal>no</literal> to negate the meaning of that keyword.
+ Other keywords assign values to options like the timeout interval.
+ They have the form <option>+keyword=value</option>.
+ The query options are:
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>+[no]cdflag</option></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Controls whether to set the CD (checking disabled) bit in
+ queries sent by <command>delv</command>. This may be useful
+ when troubleshooting DNSSEC problems from behind a validating
+ resolver. A validating resolver will block invalid responses,
+ making it difficult to retrieve them for analysis. Setting
+ the CD flag on queries will cause the resolver to return
+ invalid responses, which <command>delv</command> can then
+ validate internally and report the errors in detail.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>+[no]class</option></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Controls whether to display the CLASS when printing
+ a record. The default is to display the CLASS.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>+[no]ttl</option></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Controls whether to display the TTL when printing
+ a record. The default is to display the TTL.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>+[no]rtrace</option></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Toggle resolver fetch logging. This reports the
+ name and type of each query sent by <command>delv</command>
+ in the process of carrying out the resolution and validation
+ process: this includes including the original query and
+ all subsequent queries to follow CNAMEs and to establish a
+ chain of trust for DNSSEC validation.
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ This is equivalent to setting the debug level to 1 in
+ the "resolver" logging category. Setting the systemwide
+ debug level to 1 using the <option>-d</option> option will
+ product the same output (but will affect other logging
+ categories as well).
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>+[no]mtrace</option></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Toggle message logging. This produces a detailed dump of
+ the responses received by <command>delv</command> in the
+ process of carrying out the resolution and validation process.
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ This is equivalent to setting the debug level to 10
+ for the "packets" module of the "resolver" logging
+ category. Setting the systemwide debug level to 10 using
+ the <option>-d</option> option will produce the same output
+ (but will affect other logging categories as well).
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>+[no]vtrace</option></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Toggle validation logging. This shows the internal
+ process of the validator as it determines whether an
+ answer is validly signed, unsigned, or invalid.
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ This is equivalent to setting the debug level to 3
+ for the "validator" module of the "dnssec" logging
+ category. Setting the systemwide debug level to 3 using
+ the <option>-d</option> option will produce the same output
+ (but will affect other logging categories as well).
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>+[no]short</option></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Provide a terse answer. The default is to print the answer in a
+ verbose form.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>+[no]comments</option></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Toggle the display of comment lines in the output. The default
+ is to print comments.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>+[no]rrcomments</option></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Toggle the display of per-record comments in the output (for
+ example, human-readable key information about DNSKEY records).
+ The default is to print per-record comments.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>+[no]crypto</option></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Toggle the display of cryptographic fields in DNSSEC records.
+ The contents of these field are unnecessary to debug most DNSSEC
+ validation failures and removing them makes it easier to see
+ the common failures. The default is to display the fields.
+ When omitted they are replaced by the string "[omitted]" or
+ in the DNSKEY case the key id is displayed as the replacement,
+ e.g. "[ key id = value ]".
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>+[no]trust</option></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Controls whether to display the trust level when printing
+ a record. The default is to display the trust level.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>+[no]split[=W]</option></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Split long hex- or base64-formatted fields in resource
+ records into chunks of <parameter>W</parameter> characters
+ (where <parameter>W</parameter> is rounded up to the nearest
+ multiple of 4).
+ <parameter>+nosplit</parameter> or
+ <parameter>+split=0</parameter> causes fields not to be
+ split at all. The default is 56 characters, or 44 characters
+ when multiline mode is active.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>+[no]all</option></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Set or clear the display options
+ <option>+[no]comments</option>,
+ <option>+[no]rrcomments</option>, and
+ <option>+[no]trust</option> as a group.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>+[no]multiline</option></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Print long records (such as RRSIG, DNSKEY, and SOA records)
+ in a verbose multi-line format with human-readable comments.
+ The default is to print each record on a single line, to
+ facilitate machine parsing of the <command>delv</command>
+ output.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>+[no]dnssec</option></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Indicates whether to display RRSIG records in the
+ <command>delv</command> output. The default is to
+ do so. Note that (unlike in <command>dig</command>)
+ this does <emphasis>not</emphasis> control whether to
+ request DNSSEC records or whether to validate them.
+ DNSSEC records are always requested, and validation
+ will always occur unless suppressed by the use of
+ <option>-i</option> or <option>+noroot</option> and
+ <option>+nodlv</option>.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>+[no]root[=ROOT]</option></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Indicates whether to perform conventional (non-lookaside)
+ DNSSEC validation, and if so, specifies the
+ name of a trust anchor. The default is to validate using
+ a trust anchor of "." (the root zone), for which there is
+ a built-in key. If specifying a different trust anchor,
+ then <option>-a</option> must be used to specify a file
+ containing the key.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>+[no]dlv[=DLV]</option></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Indicates whether to perform DNSSEC lookaside validation,
+ and if so, specifies the name of the DLV trust anchor.
+ The <option>-a</option> option must also be used to specify
+ a file containing the DLV key.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>+[no]tcp</option></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Controls whether to use TCP when sending queries.
+ The default is to use UDP unless a truncated
+ response has been received.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>+[no]unknownformat</option></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Print all RDATA in unknown RR type presentation format
+ (RFC 3597). The default is to print RDATA for known types
+ in the type's presentation format.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+
+ </para>
+ </refsection>
+
+ <refsection><info><title>FILES</title></info>
+
+ <para><filename>/etc/bind.keys</filename></para>
+ <para><filename>/etc/resolv.conf</filename></para>
+ </refsection>
+
+ <refsection><info><title>SEE ALSO</title></info>
+
+ <para><citerefentry>
+ <refentrytitle>dig</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
+ </citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry>
+ <refentrytitle>named</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
+ </citerefentry>,
+ <citetitle>RFC4034</citetitle>,
+ <citetitle>RFC4035</citetitle>,
+ <citetitle>RFC4431</citetitle>,
+ <citetitle>RFC5074</citetitle>,
+ <citetitle>RFC5155</citetitle>.
+ </para>
+ </refsection>
+
+</refentry>