summaryrefslogtreecommitdiffstats
path: root/bin/named/named.8
blob: 341580db896fa41f7ed06a46a2cfc6c73b8acd99 (plain)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
.\" Copyright (C) 2000, 2001, 2003-2009, 2011, 2013-2019 Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC")
.\" 
.\" This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
.\" License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
.\" file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
.\"
.hy 0
.ad l
'\" t
.\"     Title: named
.\"    Author: 
.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.78.1 <http://docbook.sf.net/>
.\"      Date: 2014-02-19
.\"    Manual: BIND9
.\"    Source: ISC
.\"  Language: English
.\"
.TH "NAMED" "8" "2014\-02\-19" "ISC" "BIND9"
.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
.\" * Define some portability stuff
.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
.el       .ds Aq '
.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
.\" * set default formatting
.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
.\" disable hyphenation
.nh
.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
.ad l
.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
.SH "NAME"
named \- Internet domain name server
.SH "SYNOPSIS"
.HP \w'\fBnamed\fR\ 'u
\fBnamed\fR [[\fB\-4\fR] | [\fB\-6\fR]] [\fB\-c\ \fR\fB\fIconfig\-file\fR\fR] [\fB\-d\ \fR\fB\fIdebug\-level\fR\fR] [\fB\-D\ \fR\fB\fIstring\fR\fR] [\fB\-E\ \fR\fB\fIengine\-name\fR\fR] [\fB\-f\fR] [\fB\-g\fR] [\fB\-L\ \fR\fB\fIlogfile\fR\fR] [\fB\-M\ \fR\fB\fIoption\fR\fR] [\fB\-m\ \fR\fB\fIflag\fR\fR] [\fB\-n\ \fR\fB\fI#cpus\fR\fR] [\fB\-p\ \fR\fB\fIport\fR\fR] [\fB\-s\fR] [\fB\-S\ \fR\fB\fI#max\-socks\fR\fR] [\fB\-t\ \fR\fB\fIdirectory\fR\fR] [\fB\-U\ \fR\fB\fI#listeners\fR\fR] [\fB\-u\ \fR\fB\fIuser\fR\fR] [\fB\-v\fR] [\fB\-V\fR] [\fB\-X\ \fR\fB\fIlock\-file\fR\fR] [\fB\-x\ \fR\fB\fIcache\-file\fR\fR]
.SH "DESCRIPTION"
.PP
\fBnamed\fR
is a Domain Name System (DNS) server, part of the BIND 9 distribution from ISC\&. For more information on the DNS, see RFCs 1033, 1034, and 1035\&.
.PP
When invoked without arguments,
\fBnamed\fR
will read the default configuration file
/etc/named\&.conf, read any initial data, and listen for queries\&.
.SH "OPTIONS"
.PP
\-4
.RS 4
Use IPv4 only even if the host machine is capable of IPv6\&.
\fB\-4\fR
and
\fB\-6\fR
are mutually exclusive\&.
.RE
.PP
\-6
.RS 4
Use IPv6 only even if the host machine is capable of IPv4\&.
\fB\-4\fR
and
\fB\-6\fR
are mutually exclusive\&.
.RE
.PP
\-c \fIconfig\-file\fR
.RS 4
Use
\fIconfig\-file\fR
as the configuration file instead of the default,
/etc/named\&.conf\&. To ensure that reloading the configuration file continues to work after the server has changed its working directory due to to a possible
\fBdirectory\fR
option in the configuration file,
\fIconfig\-file\fR
should be an absolute pathname\&.
.RE
.PP
\-d \fIdebug\-level\fR
.RS 4
Set the daemon\*(Aqs debug level to
\fIdebug\-level\fR\&. Debugging traces from
\fBnamed\fR
become more verbose as the debug level increases\&.
.RE
.PP
\-D \fIstring\fR
.RS 4
Specifies a string that is used to identify a instance of
\fBnamed\fR
in a process listing\&. The contents of
\fIstring\fR
are not examined\&.
.RE
.PP
\-E \fIengine\-name\fR
.RS 4
When applicable, specifies the hardware to use for cryptographic operations, such as a secure key store used for signing\&.
.sp
When BIND is built with OpenSSL PKCS#11 support, this defaults to the string "pkcs11", which identifies an OpenSSL engine that can drive a cryptographic accelerator or hardware service module\&. When BIND is built with native PKCS#11 cryptography (\-\-enable\-native\-pkcs11), it defaults to the path of the PKCS#11 provider library specified via "\-\-with\-pkcs11"\&.
.RE
.PP
\-f
.RS 4
Run the server in the foreground (i\&.e\&. do not daemonize)\&.
.RE
.PP
\-g
.RS 4
Run the server in the foreground and force all logging to
stderr\&.
.RE
.PP
\-L \fIlogfile\fR
.RS 4
Log to the file
\fBlogfile\fR
by default instead of the system log\&.
.RE
.PP
\-M \fIoption\fR
.RS 4
Sets the default memory context options\&. Currently the only supported option is
\fIexternal\fR, which causes the internal memory manager to be bypassed in favor of system\-provided memory allocation functions\&.
.RE
.PP
\-m \fIflag\fR
.RS 4
Turn on memory usage debugging flags\&. Possible flags are
\fIusage\fR,
\fItrace\fR,
\fIrecord\fR,
\fIsize\fR, and
\fImctx\fR\&. These correspond to the ISC_MEM_DEBUGXXXX flags described in
<isc/mem\&.h>\&.
.RE
.PP
\-n \fI#cpus\fR
.RS 4
Create
\fI#cpus\fR
worker threads to take advantage of multiple CPUs\&. If not specified,
\fBnamed\fR
will try to determine the number of CPUs present and create one thread per CPU\&. If it is unable to determine the number of CPUs, a single worker thread will be created\&.
.RE
.PP
\-p \fIport\fR
.RS 4
Listen for queries on port
\fIport\fR\&. If not specified, the default is port 53\&.
.RE
.PP
\-s
.RS 4
Write memory usage statistics to
stdout
on exit\&.
.if n \{\
.sp
.\}
.RS 4
.it 1 an-trap
.nr an-no-space-flag 1
.nr an-break-flag 1
.br
.ps +1
\fBNote\fR
.ps -1
.br
This option is mainly of interest to BIND 9 developers and may be removed or changed in a future release\&.
.sp .5v
.RE
.RE
.PP
\-S \fI#max\-socks\fR
.RS 4
Allow
\fBnamed\fR
to use up to
\fI#max\-socks\fR
sockets\&. The default value is 4096 on systems built with default configuration options, and 21000 on systems built with "configure \-\-with\-tuning=large"\&.
.if n \{\
.sp
.\}
.RS 4
.it 1 an-trap
.nr an-no-space-flag 1
.nr an-break-flag 1
.br
.ps +1
\fBWarning\fR
.ps -1
.br
This option should be unnecessary for the vast majority of users\&. The use of this option could even be harmful because the specified value may exceed the limitation of the underlying system API\&. It is therefore set only when the default configuration causes exhaustion of file descriptors and the operational environment is known to support the specified number of sockets\&. Note also that the actual maximum number is normally a little fewer than the specified value because
\fBnamed\fR
reserves some file descriptors for its internal use\&.
.sp .5v
.RE
.RE
.PP
\-t \fIdirectory\fR
.RS 4
Chroot to
\fIdirectory\fR
after processing the command line arguments, but before reading the configuration file\&.
.if n \{\
.sp
.\}
.RS 4
.it 1 an-trap
.nr an-no-space-flag 1
.nr an-break-flag 1
.br
.ps +1
\fBWarning\fR
.ps -1
.br
This option should be used in conjunction with the
\fB\-u\fR
option, as chrooting a process running as root doesn\*(Aqt enhance security on most systems; the way
\fBchroot(2)\fR
is defined allows a process with root privileges to escape a chroot jail\&.
.sp .5v
.RE
.RE
.PP
\-U \fI#listeners\fR
.RS 4
Use
\fI#listeners\fR
worker threads to listen for incoming UDP packets on each address\&. If not specified,
\fBnamed\fR
will calculate a default value based on the number of detected CPUs: 1 for 1 CPU, and the number of detected CPUs minus one for machines with more than 1 CPU\&. This cannot be increased to a value higher than the number of CPUs\&. If
\fB\-n\fR
has been set to a higher value than the number of detected CPUs, then
\fB\-U\fR
may be increased as high as that value, but no higher\&. On Windows, the number of UDP listeners is hardwired to 1 and this option has no effect\&.
.RE
.PP
\-u \fIuser\fR
.RS 4
Setuid to
\fIuser\fR
after completing privileged operations, such as creating sockets that listen on privileged ports\&.
.if n \{\
.sp
.\}
.RS 4
.it 1 an-trap
.nr an-no-space-flag 1
.nr an-break-flag 1
.br
.ps +1
\fBNote\fR
.ps -1
.br
On Linux,
\fBnamed\fR
uses the kernel\*(Aqs capability mechanism to drop all root privileges except the ability to
\fBbind(2)\fR
to a privileged port and set process resource limits\&. Unfortunately, this means that the
\fB\-u\fR
option only works when
\fBnamed\fR
is run on kernel 2\&.2\&.18 or later, or kernel 2\&.3\&.99\-pre3 or later, since previous kernels did not allow privileges to be retained after
\fBsetuid(2)\fR\&.
.sp .5v
.RE
.RE
.PP
\-v
.RS 4
Report the version number and exit\&.
.RE
.PP
\-V
.RS 4
Report the version number and build options, and exit\&.
.RE
.PP
\-X \fIlock\-file\fR
.RS 4
Acquire a lock on the specified file at runtime; this helps to prevent duplicate
\fBnamed\fR
instances from running simultaneously\&. Use of this option overrides the
\fBlock\-file\fR
option in
named\&.conf\&. If set to
none, the lock file check is disabled\&.
.RE
.PP
\-x \fIcache\-file\fR
.RS 4
Load data from
\fIcache\-file\fR
into the cache of the default view\&.
.if n \{\
.sp
.\}
.RS 4
.it 1 an-trap
.nr an-no-space-flag 1
.nr an-break-flag 1
.br
.ps +1
\fBWarning\fR
.ps -1
.br
This option must not be used\&. It is only of interest to BIND 9 developers and may be removed or changed in a future release\&.
.sp .5v
.RE
.RE
.SH "SIGNALS"
.PP
In routine operation, signals should not be used to control the nameserver;
\fBrndc\fR
should be used instead\&.
.PP
SIGHUP
.RS 4
Force a reload of the server\&.
.RE
.PP
SIGINT, SIGTERM
.RS 4
Shut down the server\&.
.RE
.PP
The result of sending any other signals to the server is undefined\&.
.SH "CONFIGURATION"
.PP
The
\fBnamed\fR
configuration file is too complex to describe in detail here\&. A complete description is provided in the
BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual\&.
.PP
\fBnamed\fR
inherits the
\fBumask\fR
(file creation mode mask) from the parent process\&. If files created by
\fBnamed\fR, such as journal files, need to have custom permissions, the
\fBumask\fR
should be set explicitly in the script used to start the
\fBnamed\fR
process\&.
.SH "FILES"
.PP
/etc/named\&.conf
.RS 4
The default configuration file\&.
.RE
.PP
/var/run/named/named\&.pid
.RS 4
The default process\-id file\&.
.RE
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.PP
RFC 1033,
RFC 1034,
RFC 1035,
\fBnamed-checkconf\fR(8),
\fBnamed-checkzone\fR(8),
\fBrndc\fR(8),
\fBlwresd\fR(8),
\fBnamed.conf\fR(5),
BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual\&.
.SH "AUTHOR"
.PP
\fBInternet Systems Consortium, Inc\&.\fR
.SH "COPYRIGHT"
.br
Copyright \(co 2000, 2001, 2003-2009, 2011, 2013-2019 Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC")
.br