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diff --git a/debian/doc/crypttab.xml b/debian/doc/crypttab.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5f8c961 --- /dev/null +++ b/debian/doc/crypttab.xml @@ -0,0 +1,717 @@ +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> +<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN" "/usr/share/xml/docbook/schema/dtd/4.2/docbookx.dtd"> + +<refentry id="file.crypttab"> + + <xi:include href="variables.xml" + xpointer="xpointer(/refentry/refentryinfo)" + xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"/> + + <refmeta> + <refentrytitle>crypttab</refentrytitle> + <manvolnum>5</manvolnum> + <xi:include href="variables.xml" + xpointer="xpointer(/refentry/refmeta/*)" + xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"/> + </refmeta> + + <refnamediv> + <refname>crypttab</refname> + <refpurpose>static information about encrypted filesystems</refpurpose> + </refnamediv> + + <refsect1 id="crypttab.description"> + <title>DESCRIPTION</title> + <simpara> + The file <filename>/etc/crypttab</filename> contains descriptive + information about encrypted filesystems. <filename>crypttab</filename> + is only read by programs (e.g. + <command moreinfo="refentry">cryptdisks_start</command> and + <command moreinfo="refentry">cryptdisks_stop</command>), + and not written; it is the duty of the system + administrator to properly create and maintain this file. Each filesystem is + described on a separate line; fields on each line are separated by tabs or + spaces. Lines starting with <quote>#</quote> are comments, empty lines are + ignored. The order of records in <filename>crypttab</filename> is important + because the init scripts sequentially iterate through + <filename>crypttab</filename> doing their thing. + </simpara> + <simpara> + The first field, <emphasis>target</emphasis>, describes the mapped + device name. It must be a plain filename without any directory components. + A mapped device which encrypts/decrypts data to/from the <emphasis>source + device</emphasis> will be created at + <filename class="devicefile">/dev/mapper/target</filename> by + <command moreinfo="refentry">cryptsetup</command>. + </simpara> + <simpara> + The second field, <emphasis>source device</emphasis>, describes either the + block special device or file that contains the encrypted data. Instead of + giving the <emphasis>source device</emphasis> explicitly, the UUID + (resp. LABEL, PARTUUID and PARTLABEL) is supported as well, using <quote>UUID=<uuid></quote> + (resp. <quote>LABEL=<label></quote>, <quote>PARTUUID=<partuuid></quote> + and <quote>PARTLABEL=<partlabel></quote>). + </simpara> + <simpara> + The third field, <emphasis>key file</emphasis>, describes the file to use + as a key for decrypting the data of the <emphasis>source device</emphasis>. + In case of a <emphasis>keyscript</emphasis>, the value of this field is + given as argument to the keyscript. Values with spaces and special + characters need to be escaped using octal sequences, like for + <citerefentry><refentrytitle>fstab</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>. + Note that the <emphasis>entire</emphasis> key file will be used as the + passphrase; the passphrase must <emphasis>not</emphasis> be followed by a + newline character. + </simpara> + <simpara> + It can also be a device name (e.g. + <filename class="devicefile">/dev/urandom</filename>), note however that + LUKS requires a persistent key and therefore does <emphasis>not</emphasis> + support random data keys. + </simpara> + <simpara> + If the <emphasis>key file</emphasis> is the string + <emphasis>none</emphasis>, a passphrase will be read interactively from the + console. In this case, the options check, checkargs and tries may be + useful. + </simpara> + <simpara> + The fourth field, <emphasis>options</emphasis>, describes the cryptsetup + options associated with the encryption process. At minimum, the field should + contain either the string <emphasis>luks</emphasis> respectively + <emphasis>tcrypt</emphasis> or the <emphasis>cipher</emphasis>, + <emphasis>hash</emphasis> and <emphasis>size</emphasis> options. + Some options can be changed on active devices using + <command>cryptsetup refresh [<options>] <name></command>. + Moreover some options can be permanently written to the metada of LUKS2 + headers using the <command>--persistent</command> option flag. + </simpara> + <simpara> + Options are in the format: <emphasis>key</emphasis>=<emphasis>value</emphasis> + [,<emphasis>key</emphasis>=<emphasis>value</emphasis> …]. The + supported options are described below. + </simpara> + <simpara> + Note that all four fields are mandatory and that a missing field will lead + to unspecified behaviour. + </simpara> + </refsect1> + + <refsect1 id="crypttab.implementations"> + <title>ON DIFFERENT CRYPTTAB FORMATS</title> + <simpara> + Please note that there are several independent cryptsetup wrappers with + their own <emphasis>crypttab</emphasis> format. This manpage covers + Debian's implementation for <emphasis>initramfs</emphasis> scripts and + <emphasis>SysVinit</emphasis> init scripts. <emphasis>systemd</emphasis> + brings its own <emphasis>crypttab</emphasis> implementation. + We try to cover the differences between the <emphasis>systemd</emphasis> and + our implementation in this manpage, but if in doubt, better check the + <emphasis>systemd</emphasis> + <citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypttab</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> + manpage, e.g. online at + <ulink url="https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/crypttab.html"/>. + </simpara> + </refsect1> + + <refsect1 id="crypttab.options"> + <title>OPTIONS</title> + <variablelist> + + <varlistentry> + <term><emphasis>cipher</emphasis>=<cipher></term> + <listitem> + <simpara> + Encryption algorithm (ignored for LUKS and TCRYPT devices). See + <command>cryptsetup -c</command>. + </simpara> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry> + <term><emphasis>size</emphasis>=<size></term> + <listitem> + <simpara> + Encryption key size (ignored for LUKS and TCRYPT devices). See + <command>cryptsetup -s</command>. + </simpara> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry> + <term><emphasis>sector-size</emphasis>=<bytes></term> + <listitem> + <simpara> + Sector size. See + <citerefentry><refentrytitle>cryptsetup</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> + for possible values and the default value of this option. + </simpara> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry> + <term><emphasis>hash</emphasis>=<hash></term> + <listitem> + <simpara> + Hash algorithm (ignored for LUKS and TCRYPT devices). See + <command>cryptsetup -h</command>. + </simpara> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry> + <term><emphasis>offset</emphasis>=<offset></term> + <listitem> + <simpara> + Start offset (ignored for LUKS and TCRYPT devices). Uses + <emphasis role="strong">cryptsetup -o</emphasis>. + </simpara> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry> + <term><emphasis>skip</emphasis>=<skip></term> + <listitem> + <simpara> + Skip sectors at the beginning (ignored for LUKS and TCRYPT devices). + Uses <emphasis role="strong">cryptsetup -p</emphasis>. + </simpara> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry> + <term><emphasis>keyfile-offset</emphasis>=<keyfile-offset></term> + <listitem> + <simpara> + Specifies the number of bytes to skip at the start of the key file. + </simpara> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry> + <term><emphasis>keyfile-size</emphasis>=<keyfile-size></term> + <listitem> + <simpara> + Specifies the maximum number of bytes to read from the key file. + The default is to read the whole file up to the compiled-in maximum, + that can be queried with <emphasis role="strong">cryptsetup --help</emphasis>. + This option is ignored for plain dm-crypt devices, as the key file + size is then given by the encryption key size (option + <emphasis>size</emphasis>). + </simpara> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry> + <term><emphasis>keyslot</emphasis>=<slot>, <emphasis>key-slot</emphasis>=<slot></term> + <listitem> + <simpara> + Key slot (ignored for non-LUKS devices). See <command>cryptsetup + -S</command>. + </simpara> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry> + <term><emphasis>header</emphasis>=<path></term> + <listitem> + <simpara> + Detached header file (ignored for plain dm-crypt devices). See + <command>cryptsetup --header</command>. + </simpara> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry> + <term><emphasis>verify</emphasis></term> + <listitem> + <simpara> + Verify password. Uses <emphasis role="strong">cryptsetup -y</emphasis>. + </simpara> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry> + <term><emphasis>readonly</emphasis>, <emphasis>read-only</emphasis></term> + <listitem> + <simpara>Set up a read-only mapping.</simpara> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry> + <term><emphasis>tries</emphasis>=<num></term> + <listitem> + <simpara>Try to unlock the device <num> before failing. It's + particularly useful when using a passphrase or a + <emphasis>keyscript</emphasis> that asks for interactive input. If you + want to disable retries, pass <quote>tries=1</quote>. Default is + <quote>3</quote>. Setting <quote>tries=0</quote> means infinitive + retries. + </simpara> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry> + <term><emphasis>discard</emphasis></term> + <listitem> + <simpara>Allow using of discards (TRIM) requests for device.</simpara> + <simpara>Starting with Debian 10 (Buster), this option is added per + default to new dm-crypt devices by the Debian Installer. If you + don't care about leaking access patterns (filesystem type, used + space) and don't have hidden truecrypt volumes inside this volume, + then it should be safe to enable this option. See the following + warning for further information.</simpara> + <simpara><emphasis role="strong">WARNING</emphasis>: Assess the + specific security risks carefully before enabling this option. + For example, allowing discards on encrypted devices may lead to + the leak of information about the ciphertext device (filesystem + type, used space etc.) if the discarded blocks can be located + easily on the device later.</simpara> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry> + <term><emphasis>luks</emphasis></term> + <listitem> + <simpara>Force LUKS mode. When this mode is used, the following options + are ignored since they are provided by the LUKS header on the device: + <emphasis>cipher=</emphasis>, <emphasis>hash=</emphasis>, + <emphasis>size=</emphasis></simpara> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry> + <term><emphasis>plain</emphasis></term> + <listitem> + <simpara>Force plain encryption mode.</simpara> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry> + <term><emphasis>tcrypt</emphasis></term> + <listitem> + <simpara>Use TrueCrypt encryption mode. When this mode is used, the + following options are ignored since they are provided by the TrueCrypt + header on the device or do not apply: <emphasis>cipher=</emphasis>, + <emphasis>hash=</emphasis>, <emphasis>keyfile-offset=</emphasis>, + <emphasis>keyfile-size=</emphasis>, <emphasis>size=</emphasis></simpara> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry> + <term><emphasis>veracrypt</emphasis>, <emphasis>tcrypt-veracrypt</emphasis></term> + <listitem> + <simpara> + Use VeraCrypt extension to TrueCrypt device. Only useful in + conjunction with <emphasis>tcrypt</emphasis> option (ignored for + non-TrueCrypt devices). + </simpara> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry> + <term><emphasis>tcrypthidden</emphasis>, <emphasis>tcrypt-hidden</emphasis></term> + <listitem> + <simpara> + Use hidden TCRYPT header (ignored for non-TCRYPT devices). + </simpara> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry> + <term><emphasis>swap</emphasis></term> + <listitem> + <simpara> + Run <command moreinfo="refentry">mkswap</command> on the created device. + </simpara> + <simpara> + This option is ignored for <emphasis>initramfs</emphasis> devices. + </simpara> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry> + <term><emphasis>tmp</emphasis>=<tmpfs></term> + <listitem> + <simpara> + Run <command moreinfo="refentry">mkfs</command> with filesystem type + <tmpfs> on the created device. Default is ext4. + </simpara> + <simpara> + This option is ignored for <emphasis>initramfs</emphasis> devices. + </simpara> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry> + <term><emphasis>check</emphasis>=<check></term> + <listitem> + <simpara>Check the content of the target device by a suitable program; if + the check fails, the device is removed. If a program is provided as an + argument, it is run, giving the decrypted volume (target device) as + first argument, and the value of the checkargs option as second argument. + Cryptdisks/cryptroot searches for the given program in + <filename class="directory">/lib/cryptsetup/checks/</filename> first, but + full path to program is supported as well. + </simpara> + <simpara> + Default is set in <filename>/etc/default/cryptdisks</filename> + (<filename>blkid</filename>). + </simpara> + <simpara> + This option is specific to the Debian <emphasis>crypttab</emphasis> + format. It's not supported by <emphasis>systemd</emphasis>. + </simpara> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry> + <term><emphasis>checkargs</emphasis>=<arguments></term> + <listitem> + <simpara>Give <arguments> as the second argument to the check + script. See the CHECKSCRIPTS section for more information. + </simpara> + </listitem> + <simpara> + This option is specific to the Debian <emphasis>crypttab</emphasis> + format. It's not supported by <emphasis>systemd</emphasis>. + </simpara> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry> + <term><emphasis>initramfs</emphasis></term> + <listitem> + <simpara>The initramfs hook processes the root device, any resume devices + and any devices with the <emphasis>initramfs</emphasis> option set. These + devices are processed within the initramfs stage of boot. As an example, + that allows the use of remote unlocking using dropbear. + </simpara> + <simpara> + This option is specific to the Debian <emphasis>crypttab</emphasis> + format. It's not supported by <emphasis>systemd</emphasis>. + </simpara> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry> + <term><emphasis>noearly</emphasis></term> + <listitem> + <simpara>The cryptsetup init scripts are invoked twice during the boot + process - once before lvm, raid, etc. are started and once again after + that. Sometimes you need to start your encrypted disks in a special + order. With this option the device is ignored during the first invocation + of the cryptsetup init scripts. + </simpara> + <simpara> + This option is ignored for <emphasis>initramfs</emphasis> devices and + specific to the Debian <emphasis>crypttab</emphasis> format. It's not + supported by <emphasis>systemd</emphasis>. + </simpara> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry> + <term><emphasis>noauto</emphasis></term> + <listitem> + <simpara>Entirely ignore the device at the boot process. It's still + possible to map the device manually using cryptdisks_start. + </simpara> + <simpara> + This option is ignored for <emphasis>initramfs</emphasis> devices and + specific to the Debian <emphasis>crypttab</emphasis> format. It's not + supported by <emphasis>systemd</emphasis>. + </simpara> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry> + <term><emphasis>loud</emphasis></term> + <listitem> + <simpara>Be loud. Print warnings if a device does not exist. + This option overwrites the option <emphasis>loud</emphasis>.</simpara> + <simpara> + This option is ignored for <emphasis>initramfs</emphasis> devices and + specific to the Debian <emphasis>crypttab</emphasis> format. It's not + supported by <emphasis>systemd</emphasis>. + </simpara> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry> + <term><emphasis>quiet</emphasis></term> + <listitem> + <simpara>Be quiet. Don't print warnings if a device does not exist. + This option overwrites the option <emphasis>loud</emphasis>.</simpara> + <simpara> + This option is ignored for <emphasis>initramfs</emphasis> devices and + specific to the Debian <emphasis>crypttab</emphasis> format. It's not + supported by <emphasis>systemd</emphasis>. + </simpara> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry> + <term><emphasis>keyscript</emphasis>=<path></term> + <listitem> + <simpara> + The executable at the indicated path is executed with the value of the + <emphasis>third field</emphasis> as only argument. The keyscript output + is passed to cryptsetup as decyption key. + When used in initramfs, the executable either needs to be self-contained + (i.e. does'nt rely on any external program which is not present in the + initramfs environment) or the dependencies have to added to the initramfs + image by other means. + </simpara> + <simpara> + LIMITATIONS: All binaries and files on which the keyscript depends must + be available at the time of execution. Special care needs to be taken for + encrypted filesystems like /usr or /var. As an example, unlocking + encrypted /usr must not depend on binaries from /usr/(s)bin. + </simpara> + <simpara> + This option is specific to the Debian <emphasis>crypttab</emphasis> + format. It's not supported by <emphasis>systemd</emphasis>. + </simpara> + <simpara> + WARNING: With systemd as init system, this option might be ignored. At + the time this is written (December 2016), the systemd cryptsetup helper + doesn't support the keyscript option to /etc/crypttab. For the time + being, the only option to use keyscripts along with systemd is to force + processing of the corresponding crypto devices in the initramfs. See the + 'initramfs' option for further information. + </simpara> + <para> + All fields of the appropriate crypttab entry are available to the + keyscript as exported environment variables: + <variablelist> + + <varlistentry> + <term>CRYPTTAB_NAME</term> + <listitem><para> + The target name + </para></listitem> + </varlistentry> + <varlistentry> + <term>CRYPTTAB_SOURCE</term> + <listitem><para> + The source device + </para></listitem> + </varlistentry> + <varlistentry> + <term>CRYPTTAB_KEY</term> + <listitem><para> + The key file + </para></listitem> + </varlistentry> + <varlistentry> + <term>CRYPTTAB_OPTIONS</term> + <listitem><para> + A list of exported crypttab options + </para></listitem> + </varlistentry> + <varlistentry> + <term>CRYPTTAB_OPTION_<option></term> + <listitem><para> + The value of the appropriate crypttab option, with value set to 'yes' + in case the option is merely a flag. + For option aliases, such as 'readonly' and 'read-only', the + variable name refers to the first alternative listed (thus + 'CRYPTTAB_OPTION_readonly' in that case). + If the crypttab option name contains '-' characters, then they + are replaced with '_' in the exported variable name. For + instance, the value of the 'CRYPTTAB_OPTION_keyfile_offset' + environment variable is set to the value of the + 'keyfile-offset' crypttab option. + </para></listitem> + </varlistentry> + <varlistentry> + <term>CRYPTTAB_TRIED</term> + <listitem><para> + Number of previous tries since start of cryptdisks (counts until + maximum number of tries is reached). + </para></listitem> + </varlistentry> + + </variablelist> + </para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + </variablelist> + </refsect1> + + <refsect1 id="crypttab.checkscripts"> + <title>CHECKSCRIPTS</title> + <variablelist> + + <varlistentry> + <term><emphasis>blkid</emphasis></term> + <listitem> + <simpara>Checks for any known filesystem. Supports a filesystem type as + argument via <checkargs>: + </simpara> + <itemizedlist> + <listitem><para> + no checkargs - succeeds if any valid filesystem is found on the device. + </para></listitem> + <listitem><para> + "none" - succeeds if no valid filesystem is found on the device. + </para></listitem> + <listitem><para> + "ext4" [or another filesystem type like xfs, swap, crypto_LUKS, ...] - + succeeds if ext4 filesystem is found on the device. + </para></listitem> + </itemizedlist> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry> + <term><emphasis>un_blkid</emphasis></term> + <listitem> + <simpara>Checks for no known filesystem. Supports a filesystem type as + argument via <checkargs>: + </simpara> + <itemizedlist> + <listitem><para> + no checkargs - succeeds if no valid filesystem is found on the device. + </para></listitem> + <listitem><para> + "ext4" [or another filesystem type like xfs, swap, crypto_LUKS, ...] - + succeeds if no ext4 filesystem is found on the device. + </para></listitem> + </itemizedlist> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + </variablelist> + </refsect1> + + <refsect1 id="crypttab.examples"> + <title>EXAMPLES</title> + <para> + <screen> +# Encrypted swap device +cswap /dev/sda6 /dev/urandom cipher=aes-xts-plain64,size=256,hash=sha1,swap + +# Encrypted LUKS disk with interactive password, identified by its UUID, discard enabled +cdisk0 UUID=12345678-9abc-def012345-6789abcdef01 none luks,discard + +# Encrypted TCRYPT disk with interactive password, discard enabled +tdisk0 /dev/sr0 none tcrypt,discard + +# Encrypted ext4 disk with interactive password, discard enabled +# - retry 5 times if the check fails +cdisk1 /dev/sda2 none discard,cipher=aes-xts-plain64,size=256,hash=sha1,checkargs=ext4,tries=5 + +# Encrypted disk with interactive password, discard enabled +# - use a nondefault check script +# - no retries +cdisk2 /dev/sdc1 none discard,cipher=aes-xts-plain64,size=256,hash=sha1,check=customscript,tries=1 + +# Encrypted disk with interactive password, discard enabled +# - Twofish as the cipher, RIPEMD-160 as the hash +cdisk3 /dev/sda3 none dscard,cipher=twofish,size=256,hash=ripemd160 + </screen> + </para> + </refsect1> + + <refsect1 id="crypttab.environment"> + <title>ENVIRONMENT</title> + <variablelist> + + <varlistentry> + <term><emphasis>CRYPTDISKS_ENABLE</emphasis></term> + <listitem> + <simpara> + Set to <emphasis>yes</emphasis> to run cryptdisks initscripts at startup. + Set to <emphasis>no</emphasis> to disable cryptdisks initscripts. Default + is <emphasis>yes</emphasis>. + </simpara> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry> + <term><emphasis>CRYPTDISKS_MOUNT</emphasis></term> + <listitem> + <simpara>Specifies the mountpoints that are mounted before cryptdisks is + invoked. Takes mountpoints configured in /etc/fstab as arguments. Separate + mountpoints by space. + This is useful for keys on removable devices, such as cdrom, usbstick, + flashcard, etc. Default is unset. + </simpara> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry> + <term><emphasis>CRYPTDISKS_CHECK</emphasis></term> + <listitem> + <simpara>Specifies the default checkscript to be run against the target + device, after cryptdisks has been invoked. The target device is passed as + the first and only argument to the checkscript. Takes effect if the + <emphasis>check</emphasis> option is given in crypttab with no value. See + documentation for <emphasis>check</emphasis> option above for more + information. + </simpara> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + </variablelist> + </refsect1> + + <refsect1 id="crypttab.known_upgrade_issues"> + <title>KNOWN UPGRADE ISSUES</title> + <simpara> + The upstream defaults for encryption cipher, hash and keysize have changed + several times in the past, and they're expected to change again in future, + for example if security issues arise. + + On LUKS devices, the used settings are stored in the LUKS header, and thus + don't need to be configured in <filename>/etc/crypttab</filename>. For plain + dm-crypt devices, no information about used cipher, hash and keysize are + available at all. + + Therefore we strongly suggest to configure the cipher, hash and keysize in + <filename>/etc/crypttab</filename> for plain dm-crypt devices, even if they + match the current default. + </simpara> + </refsect1> + + <refsect1 id="crypttab.see_also"> + <title>SEE ALSO</title> + <simplelist type="inline"> + <member><command moreinfo="refentry">cryptsetup</command>(8)</member> + <member><command moreinfo="refentry">cryptdisks_start</command>(8)</member> + <member><command moreinfo="refentry">cryptdisks_stop</command>(8)</member> + </simplelist> + </refsect1> + + <refsect1 id="crypttab.author"> + <title>AUTHOR</title> + <simpara> + This manual page was originally written by + <author> + <firstname>Bastian</firstname> + <surname>Kleineidam</surname> + </author> + <email>calvin@debian.org</email> + for the Debian distribution of cryptsetup. It has been further improved by + <author> + <firstname>Michael</firstname> + <surname>Gebetsroither</surname> + </author> + <email>michael.geb@gmx.at</email>, + <author> + <firstname>David</firstname> + <surname>Härdeman</surname> + </author> + <email>david@hardeman.nu</email> + and + <author> + <firstname>Jonas</firstname> + <surname>Meurer</surname> + </author> + <email>jonas@freesources.org</email>. + </simpara> + </refsect1> + +</refentry> |