path: root/src/cryptsetup.c

/*
 * cryptsetup - setup cryptographic volumes for dm-crypt
 *
 * Copyright (C) 2004 Jana Saout <jana@saout.de>
 * Copyright (C) 2004-2007 Clemens Fruhwirth <clemens@endorphin.org>
 * Copyright (C) 2009-2019 Red Hat, Inc. All rights reserved.
 * Copyright (C) 2009-2019 Milan Broz
 *
 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
 * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
 * as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
 * of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
 *
 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 * GNU General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
 * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
 */

#include "cryptsetup.h"
#include <uuid/uuid.h>

static const char *opt_cipher = NULL;
static const char *opt_keyslot_cipher = NULL;
static const char *opt_hash = NULL;
static int opt_verify_passphrase = 0;

static const char *opt_json_file = NULL;
static const char *opt_key_file = NULL;
static const char *opt_keyfile_stdin = NULL;
static int opt_keyfiles_count = 0;
static const char *opt_keyfiles[MAX_KEYFILES];

static const char *opt_master_key_file = NULL;
static const char *opt_header_backup_file = NULL;
static const char *opt_uuid = NULL;
static const char *opt_header_device = NULL;
static const char *opt_type = "luks";
static int opt_key_size = 0;
static int opt_keyslot_key_size = 0;
static long opt_keyfile_size = 0;
static long opt_new_keyfile_size = 0;
static uint64_t opt_keyfile_offset = 0;
static uint64_t opt_new_keyfile_offset = 0;
static int opt_key_slot = CRYPT_ANY_SLOT;
static int opt_token = CRYPT_ANY_TOKEN;
static int opt_token_only = 0;
static uint64_t opt_size = 0;
static uint64_t opt_offset = 0;
static uint64_t opt_skip = 0;
static int opt_skip_valid = 0;
static int opt_readonly = 0;
static int opt_version_mode = 0;
static int opt_timeout = 0;
static int opt_tries = 3;
static int opt_align_payload = 0;
static int opt_random = 0;
static int opt_urandom = 0;
static int opt_dump_master_key = 0;
static int opt_shared = 0;
static int opt_allow_discards = 0;
static int opt_perf_same_cpu_crypt = 0;
static int opt_perf_submit_from_crypt_cpus = 0;
static int opt_test_passphrase = 0;
static int opt_tcrypt_hidden = 0;
static int opt_tcrypt_system = 0;
static int opt_tcrypt_backup = 0;
static int opt_veracrypt = 0;
static int opt_veracrypt_pim = -1;
static int opt_veracrypt_query_pim = 0;
static int opt_deferred_remove = 0;
//FIXME: check uint32 overflow for long type
static const char *opt_pbkdf = NULL;
static long opt_pbkdf_memory = DEFAULT_LUKS2_MEMORY_KB;
static long opt_pbkdf_parallel = DEFAULT_LUKS2_PARALLEL_THREADS;
static long opt_pbkdf_iterations = 0;
static int opt_iteration_time = 0;
static int opt_disable_locks = 0;
static int opt_disable_keyring = 0;
static const char *opt_priority = NULL; /* normal */
static const char *opt_integrity = NULL; /* none */
static int opt_integrity_nojournal = 0;
static int opt_integrity_no_wipe = 0;
static const char *opt_key_description = NULL;
static int opt_sector_size = SECTOR_SIZE;
static int opt_persistent = 0;
static const char *opt_label = NULL;
static const char *opt_subsystem = NULL;
static int opt_unbound = 0;
static int opt_refresh = 0;

static const char *opt_luks2_metadata_size_str = NULL;
static uint64_t opt_luks2_metadata_size = 0;
static const char *opt_luks2_keyslots_size_str = NULL;
static uint64_t opt_luks2_keyslots_size = 0;

static const char **action_argv;
static int action_argc;
static const char *null_action_argv[] = {NULL, NULL};

static const char *uuid_or_device_header(const char **data_device)
{
	if (data_device)
		*data_device = opt_header_device ? action_argv[0] : NULL;

	return uuid_or_device(opt_header_device ?: action_argv[0]);
}

static const char *luksType(const char *type)
{
	if (type && !strcmp(type, "luks2"))
		return CRYPT_LUKS2;

	if (type && !strcmp(type, "luks1"))
		return CRYPT_LUKS1;

	if (type && !strcmp(type, "luks"))
		return CRYPT_LUKS; /* NULL */

	if (type && *type)
		return type;

	return CRYPT_LUKS; /* NULL */
}

static int _verify_passphrase(int def)
{
	/* Batch mode switch off verify - if not overridden by -y */
	if (opt_verify_passphrase)
		def = 1;
	else if (opt_batch_mode)
		def = 0;

	/* Non-tty input doesn't allow verify */
	if (def && !isatty(STDIN_FILENO)) {
		if (opt_verify_passphrase)
			log_err(_("Can't do passphrase verification on non-tty inputs."));
		def = 0;
	}

	return def;
}

static void _set_activation_flags(uint32_t *flags)
{
	if (opt_readonly)
		*flags |= CRYPT_ACTIVATE_READONLY;

	if (opt_allow_discards)
		*flags |= CRYPT_ACTIVATE_ALLOW_DISCARDS;

	if (opt_perf_same_cpu_crypt)
		*flags |= CRYPT_ACTIVATE_SAME_CPU_CRYPT;

	if (opt_perf_submit_from_crypt_cpus)
		*flags |= CRYPT_ACTIVATE_SUBMIT_FROM_CRYPT_CPUS;

	if (opt_integrity_nojournal)
		*flags |= CRYPT_ACTIVATE_NO_JOURNAL;

	/* In persistent mode, we use what is set on command line */
	if (opt_persistent)
		*flags |= CRYPT_ACTIVATE_IGNORE_PERSISTENT;

	/* Only for LUKS2 but ignored elsewhere */
	if (opt_test_passphrase)
		*flags |= CRYPT_ACTIVATE_ALLOW_UNBOUND_KEY;
}

static int _set_keyslot_encryption_params(struct crypt_device *cd)
{
	const char *type = crypt_get_type(cd);

	if (!opt_keyslot_key_size && !opt_keyslot_cipher)
		return 0;

	if (!type || strcmp(type, CRYPT_LUKS2)) {
		log_err(_("Keyslot encryption parameters can be set only for LUKS2 device."));
		return -EINVAL;
	}

	return crypt_keyslot_set_encryption(cd, opt_keyslot_cipher, opt_keyslot_key_size / 8);
}

static int action_open_plain(void)
{
	struct crypt_device *cd = NULL, *cd1 = NULL;
	const char *pcipher, *pmode;
	char *msg, cipher[MAX_CIPHER_LEN], cipher_mode[MAX_CIPHER_LEN];
	struct crypt_active_device cad;
	struct crypt_params_plain params = {
		.hash = opt_hash ?: DEFAULT_PLAIN_HASH,
		.skip = opt_skip,
		.offset = opt_offset,
		.size = opt_size,
		.sector_size = opt_sector_size,
	};
	char *password = NULL;
	const char *activated_name = NULL;
	size_t passwordLen, key_size_max, signatures = 0,
	       key_size = (opt_key_size ?: DEFAULT_PLAIN_KEYBITS) / 8;
	uint32_t activate_flags = 0;
	int r;

	r = crypt_parse_name_and_mode(opt_cipher ?: DEFAULT_CIPHER(PLAIN),
				      cipher, NULL, cipher_mode);
	if (r < 0) {
		log_err(_("No known cipher specification pattern detected."));
		goto out;
	}

	/* FIXME: temporary hack, no hashing for keyfiles in plain mode */
	if (opt_key_file && !tools_is_stdin(opt_key_file)) {
		params.hash = NULL;
		if (!opt_batch_mode && opt_hash)
			log_std(_("WARNING: The --hash parameter is being ignored "
				 "in plain mode with keyfile specified.\n"));
	}

	if (params.hash && !strcmp(params.hash, "plain"))
		params.hash = NULL;

	if (!opt_batch_mode && !params.hash && opt_key_file && !tools_is_stdin(opt_key_file) && opt_keyfile_size)
		log_std(_("WARNING: The --keyfile-size option is being ignored, "
			 "the read size is the same as the encryption key size.\n"));

	if (opt_refresh) {
		activated_name = action_argc > 1 ? action_argv[1] : action_argv[0];
		r = crypt_init_by_name_and_header(&cd1, activated_name, NULL);
		if (r)
			goto out;
		r = crypt_get_active_device(cd1, activated_name, &cad);
		if (r)
			goto out;

		/* copy known parameters from existing device */
		params.skip = crypt_get_iv_offset(cd1);
		params.offset = crypt_get_data_offset(cd1);
		params.size = cad.size;
		params.sector_size = crypt_get_sector_size(cd1);
		key_size = crypt_get_volume_key_size(cd1);

		if ((r = crypt_init(&cd, crypt_get_device_name(cd1))))
			goto out;

		activate_flags |= CRYPT_ACTIVATE_REFRESH;

		pcipher = crypt_get_cipher(cd1);
		pmode = crypt_get_cipher_mode(cd1);
	} else {
		activated_name = action_argv[1];
		if ((r = crypt_init(&cd, action_argv[0])))
			goto out;

		/* Skip blkid scan when activating plain device with offset */
		if (!opt_offset) {
			/* Print all present signatures in read-only mode */
			r = tools_detect_signatures(action_argv[0], 0, &signatures);
			if (r < 0)
				goto out;
		}

		if (signatures) {
			r = asprintf(&msg, _("Detected device signature(s) on %s. Proceeding further may damage existing data."), action_argv[0]);
			if (r == -1) {
				r = -ENOMEM;
				goto out;
			}

			r = yesDialog(msg, _("Operation aborted.\n")) ? 0 : -EINVAL;
			free(msg);
			if (r < 0)
				goto out;
		}

		pcipher = cipher;
		pmode = cipher_mode;
	}

	r = crypt_format(cd, CRYPT_PLAIN,
			 pcipher, pmode,
			 NULL, NULL,
			 key_size,
			 &params);
	check_signal(&r);
	if (r < 0)
		goto out;

	if (opt_shared)
		activate_flags |= CRYPT_ACTIVATE_SHARED;

	_set_activation_flags(&activate_flags);

	if (!tools_is_stdin(opt_key_file)) {
		/* If no hash, key is read directly, read size is always key_size
		 * (possible opt_keyfile_size is ignored.
		 * If hash is specified, opt_keyfile_size is applied.
		 * The opt_keyfile_offset is applied always.
		 */
		key_size_max = params.hash ? (size_t)opt_keyfile_size : key_size;
		r = crypt_activate_by_keyfile_device_offset(cd, action_argv[1],
			CRYPT_ANY_SLOT, opt_key_file, key_size_max,
			opt_keyfile_offset, activate_flags);
	} else {
		key_size_max = (opt_key_file && !params.hash) ? key_size : (size_t)opt_keyfile_size;
		r = tools_get_key(NULL, &password, &passwordLen,
				  opt_keyfile_offset, key_size_max,
				  opt_key_file, opt_timeout,
				  _verify_passphrase(0), 0, cd);
		if (r < 0)
			goto out;

		r = crypt_activate_by_passphrase(cd, activated_name,
			CRYPT_ANY_SLOT, password, passwordLen, activate_flags);
	}
out:
	crypt_free(cd);
	crypt_free(cd1);
	crypt_safe_free(password);

	return r;
}

static int action_open_loopaes(void)
{
	struct crypt_device *cd = NULL;
	struct crypt_params_loopaes params = {
		.hash = opt_hash ?: NULL,
		.offset = opt_offset,
		.skip = opt_skip_valid ? opt_skip : opt_offset,
	};
	unsigned int key_size = (opt_key_size ?: DEFAULT_LOOPAES_KEYBITS) / 8;
	uint32_t activate_flags = 0;
	const char *activated_name = NULL;
	int r;

	if (!opt_key_file) {
		log_err(_("Option --key-file is required."));
		return -EINVAL;
	}

	if (opt_refresh) {
		activated_name = action_argc > 1 ? action_argv[1] : action_argv[0];
		if ((r = crypt_init_by_name(&cd, activated_name)))
			goto out;
		activate_flags |= CRYPT_ACTIVATE_REFRESH;
	} else {
		activated_name = action_argv[1];
		if ((r = crypt_init(&cd, action_argv[0])))
			goto out;

		r = crypt_format(cd, CRYPT_LOOPAES, opt_cipher ?: DEFAULT_LOOPAES_CIPHER,
				 NULL, NULL, NULL, key_size, &params);
		check_signal(&r);
		if (r < 0)
			goto out;
	}

	_set_activation_flags(&activate_flags);

	r = crypt_activate_by_keyfile_device_offset(cd, activated_name, CRYPT_ANY_SLOT,
		tools_is_stdin(opt_key_file) ? "/dev/stdin" : opt_key_file, opt_keyfile_size,
		opt_keyfile_offset, activate_flags);
out:
	crypt_free(cd);

	return r;
}

static int tcrypt_load(struct crypt_device *cd, struct crypt_params_tcrypt *params)
{
	int r, tries = opt_tries, eperm = 0;

	if (opt_keyfile_stdin)
		tries = 1;

	do {
		/* TCRYPT header is encrypted, get passphrase now */
		r = tools_get_key(NULL, CONST_CAST(char**)&params->passphrase,
				  &params->passphrase_size, 0, 0, opt_keyfile_stdin, opt_timeout,
				 _verify_passphrase(0), 0, cd);
		if (r < 0)
			continue;

		if (opt_veracrypt_query_pim) {
			char *tmp_pim_nptr = NULL;
			char *tmp_pim_end = NULL;
			size_t tmp_pim_size = 0;
			unsigned long long tmp_pim_ull = 0;

			r = tools_get_key(_("Enter VeraCrypt PIM: "),
					CONST_CAST(char**)&tmp_pim_nptr,
					&tmp_pim_size, 0, 0, opt_keyfile_stdin, opt_timeout,
					_verify_passphrase(0), 0, cd);
			if (r < 0)
				continue;

			tmp_pim_ull = strtoull(tmp_pim_nptr, &tmp_pim_end, 10);
			if (*tmp_pim_nptr == '\0' || !tmp_pim_end || *tmp_pim_end != '\0') {
				log_err(_("Invalid PIM value: parse error."));
				r = -EINVAL;
			} else if (tmp_pim_ull == 0) {
				log_err(_("Invalid PIM value: 0."));
				r = -EINVAL;
			} else if (tmp_pim_ull > UINT32_MAX) {
				log_err(_("Invalid PIM value: outside of range."));
				r = -ERANGE;
			}
			crypt_safe_free(CONST_CAST(char*)tmp_pim_nptr);
			if (r < 0)
				continue;

			params->veracrypt_pim = (uint32_t)tmp_pim_ull;
			crypt_memzero(&tmp_pim_ull, sizeof(tmp_pim_ull));
		}

		if (opt_tcrypt_hidden)
			params->flags |= CRYPT_TCRYPT_HIDDEN_HEADER;

		if (opt_tcrypt_system)
			params->flags |= CRYPT_TCRYPT_SYSTEM_HEADER;

		if (opt_tcrypt_backup)
			params->flags |= CRYPT_TCRYPT_BACKUP_HEADER;

		r = crypt_load(cd, CRYPT_TCRYPT, params);

		if (r == -EPERM) {
			log_err(_("No device header detected with this passphrase."));
			eperm = 1;
		}

		if (r < 0) {
			crypt_safe_free(CONST_CAST(char*)params->passphrase);
			params->passphrase = NULL;
			params->passphrase_size = 0;
		}
		check_signal(&r);
	} while ((r == -EPERM || r == -ERANGE) && (--tries > 0));

	/* Report wrong passphrase if at least one try failed */
	if (eperm && r == -EPIPE)
		r = -EPERM;

	return r;
}

static int action_open_tcrypt(void)
{
	struct crypt_device *cd = NULL;
	struct crypt_params_tcrypt params = {
		.keyfiles = opt_keyfiles,
		.keyfiles_count = opt_keyfiles_count,
		.flags = CRYPT_TCRYPT_LEGACY_MODES |
			 (opt_veracrypt ? CRYPT_TCRYPT_VERA_MODES : 0),
		.veracrypt_pim = (opt_veracrypt_pim > 0) ? opt_veracrypt_pim : 0,
	};
	const char *activated_name;
	uint32_t activate_flags = 0;
	int r;

	activated_name = opt_test_passphrase ? NULL : action_argv[1];

	if ((r = crypt_init(&cd, action_argv[0])))
		goto out;

	r = tcrypt_load(cd, &params);
	if (r < 0)
		goto out;

	_set_activation_flags(&activate_flags);

	if (activated_name)
		r = crypt_activate_by_volume_key(cd, activated_name, NULL, 0, activate_flags);
out:
	crypt_free(cd);
	crypt_safe_free(CONST_CAST(char*)params.passphrase);
	crypt_memzero(&params.veracrypt_pim, sizeof(params.veracrypt_pim));
	return r;
}

static int tcryptDump_with_volume_key(struct crypt_device *cd)
{
	char *vk = NULL;
	size_t vk_size;
	unsigned i;
	int r;

	crypt_set_confirm_callback(cd, yesDialog, NULL);
	if (!yesDialog(
	    _("Header dump with volume key is sensitive information\n"
	      "which allows access to encrypted partition without passphrase.\n"
	      "This dump should be always stored encrypted on safe place."),
	      NULL))
		return -EPERM;

	vk_size = crypt_get_volume_key_size(cd);
	vk = crypt_safe_alloc(vk_size);
	if (!vk)
		return -ENOMEM;

	r = crypt_volume_key_get(cd, CRYPT_ANY_SLOT, vk, &vk_size, NULL, 0);
	if (r < 0)
		goto out;

	log_std("TCRYPT header information for %s\n", crypt_get_device_name(cd));
	log_std("Cipher chain:  \t%s\n", crypt_get_cipher(cd));
	log_std("Cipher mode:   \t%s\n", crypt_get_cipher_mode(cd));
	log_std("Payload offset:\t%d\n", (int)crypt_get_data_offset(cd));
	log_std("MK bits:       \t%d\n", (int)vk_size * 8);
	log_std("MK dump:\t");

	for(i = 0; i < vk_size; i++) {
		if (i && !(i % 16))
			log_std("\n\t\t");
		log_std("%02hhx ", (char)vk[i]);
	}
	log_std("\n");
out:
	crypt_safe_free(vk);
	return r;
}

static int action_tcryptDump(void)
{
	struct crypt_device *cd = NULL;
	struct crypt_params_tcrypt params = {
		.keyfiles = opt_keyfiles,
		.keyfiles_count = opt_keyfiles_count,
		.flags = CRYPT_TCRYPT_LEGACY_MODES |
			 (opt_veracrypt ? CRYPT_TCRYPT_VERA_MODES : 0),
		.veracrypt_pim = (opt_veracrypt_pim > 0) ? opt_veracrypt_pim : 0,
	};
	int r;

	if ((r = crypt_init(&cd, action_argv[0])))
		goto out;

	r = tcrypt_load(cd, &params);
	if (r < 0)
		goto out;

	if (opt_dump_master_key)
		r = tcryptDump_with_volume_key(cd);
	else
		r = crypt_dump(cd);
out:
	crypt_free(cd);
	crypt_safe_free(CONST_CAST(char*)params.passphrase);
	return r;
}

static int action_close(void)
{
	struct crypt_device *cd = NULL;
	crypt_status_info ci;
	uint32_t flags = 0;
	int r;

	if (opt_deferred_remove)
		flags |= CRYPT_DEACTIVATE_DEFERRED;

	r = crypt_init_by_name(&cd, action_argv[0]);
	if (r == 0)
		r = crypt_deactivate_by_name(cd, action_argv[0], flags);

	if (!r && opt_deferred_remove) {
		ci = crypt_status(cd, action_argv[0]);
		if (ci == CRYPT_ACTIVE || ci == CRYPT_BUSY)
			log_std(_("Device %s is still active and scheduled for deferred removal.\n"),
				  action_argv[0]);
	}

	crypt_free(cd);
	return r;
}

static int action_resize(void)
{
	int r;
	size_t passwordLen;
	struct crypt_active_device cad;
	char *password = NULL;
	struct crypt_device *cd = NULL;

	r = crypt_init_by_name_and_header(&cd, action_argv[0], opt_header_device);
	if (r)
		goto out;

	/* FIXME: LUKS2 may enforce fixed size and it must not be changed */
	r = crypt_get_active_device(cd, action_argv[0], &cad);
	if (r)
		goto out;

	if (cad.flags & CRYPT_ACTIVATE_KEYRING_KEY) {
		if (opt_disable_keyring) {
			r = -EINVAL;
			log_err(_("Resize of active device requires volume key "
				  "in keyring but --disable-keyring option is set."));
				goto out;
		}

		/* try load VK in kernel keyring using token */
		r = crypt_activate_by_token(cd, NULL, opt_token, NULL,
					    CRYPT_ACTIVATE_KEYRING_KEY);
		tools_keyslot_msg(r, UNLOCKED);
		if (r < 0 && opt_token_only)
			goto out;

		r = tools_get_key(NULL, &password, &passwordLen,
				  opt_keyfile_offset, opt_keyfile_size, opt_key_file,
				  opt_timeout, _verify_passphrase(0), 0, cd);
		if (r < 0)
			goto out;

		r = crypt_activate_by_passphrase(cd, NULL, opt_key_slot,
						 password, passwordLen,
						 CRYPT_ACTIVATE_KEYRING_KEY);
		tools_passphrase_msg(r);
		tools_keyslot_msg(r, UNLOCKED);
		crypt_safe_free(password);
	}

	if (r >= 0)
		r = crypt_resize(cd, action_argv[0], opt_size);
out:
	crypt_free(cd);
	return r;
}

static int action_status(void)
{
	crypt_status_info ci;
	struct crypt_active_device cad;
	struct crypt_params_integrity ip = {};
	struct crypt_device *cd = NULL;
	char *backing_file;
	const char *device;
	int path = 0, r = 0;

	/* perhaps a path, not a dm device name */
	if (strchr(action_argv[0], '/'))
		path = 1;

	ci = crypt_status(NULL, action_argv[0]);
	switch (ci) {
	case CRYPT_INVALID:
		r = -EINVAL;
		break;
	case CRYPT_INACTIVE:
		if (path)
			log_std("%s is inactive.\n", action_argv[0]);
		else
			log_std("%s/%s is inactive.\n", crypt_get_dir(), action_argv[0]);
		r = -ENODEV;
		break;
	case CRYPT_ACTIVE:
	case CRYPT_BUSY:
		if (path)
			log_std("%s is active%s.\n", action_argv[0],
				ci == CRYPT_BUSY ? " and is in use" : "");
		else
			log_std("%s/%s is active%s.\n", crypt_get_dir(), action_argv[0],
				ci == CRYPT_BUSY ? " and is in use" : "");

		r = crypt_init_by_name_and_header(&cd, action_argv[0], opt_header_device);
		if (r < 0)
			goto out;

		log_std("  type:    %s\n", crypt_get_type(cd) ?: "n/a");

		r = crypt_get_active_device(cd, action_argv[0], &cad);
		if (r < 0)
			goto out;

		r = crypt_get_integrity_info(cd, &ip);
		if (r < 0 && r != -ENOTSUP)
			goto out;

		log_std("  cipher:  %s-%s\n", crypt_get_cipher(cd), crypt_get_cipher_mode(cd));
		log_std("  keysize: %d bits\n", crypt_get_volume_key_size(cd) * 8);
		log_std("  key location: %s\n", (cad.flags & CRYPT_ACTIVATE_KEYRING_KEY) ? "keyring" : "dm-crypt");
		if (ip.integrity)
			log_std("  integrity: %s\n", ip.integrity);
		if (ip.integrity_key_size)
			log_std("  integrity keysize: %d bits\n", ip.integrity_key_size * 8);
		device = crypt_get_device_name(cd);
		log_std("  device:  %s\n", device);
		if (crypt_loop_device(device)) {
			backing_file = crypt_loop_backing_file(device);
			log_std("  loop:    %s\n", backing_file);
			free(backing_file);
		}
		log_std("  sector size:  %d\n", crypt_get_sector_size(cd));
		log_std("  offset:  %" PRIu64 " sectors\n", cad.offset);
		log_std("  size:    %" PRIu64 " sectors\n", cad.size);
		if (cad.iv_offset)
			log_std("  skipped: %" PRIu64 " sectors\n", cad.iv_offset);
		log_std("  mode:    %s\n", cad.flags & CRYPT_ACTIVATE_READONLY ?
					   "readonly" : "read/write");
		if (cad.flags & (CRYPT_ACTIVATE_ALLOW_DISCARDS|
				 CRYPT_ACTIVATE_SAME_CPU_CRYPT|
				 CRYPT_ACTIVATE_SUBMIT_FROM_CRYPT_CPUS))
			log_std("  flags:   %s%s%s\n",
				(cad.flags & CRYPT_ACTIVATE_ALLOW_DISCARDS) ? "discards " : "",
				(cad.flags & CRYPT_ACTIVATE_SAME_CPU_CRYPT) ? "same_cpu_crypt " : "",
				(cad.flags & CRYPT_ACTIVATE_SUBMIT_FROM_CRYPT_CPUS) ? "submit_from_crypt_cpus" : "");
	}
out:
	crypt_free(cd);
	if (r == -ENOTSUP)
		r = 0;
	return r;
}

static int benchmark_callback(uint32_t time_ms, void *usrptr)
{
	struct crypt_pbkdf_type *pbkdf = usrptr;
	int r = 0;

	check_signal(&r);
	if (r)
		log_err(_("Benchmark interrupted."));
	else
		log_dbg("PBKDF benchmark: memory cost = %u, iterations = %u, "
			"threads = %u (took %u ms)", pbkdf->max_memory_kb,
			pbkdf->iterations, pbkdf->parallel_threads, time_ms);
	return r;
}

static int action_benchmark_kdf(const char *kdf, const char *hash, size_t key_size)
{
	int r;
	if (!strcmp(kdf, CRYPT_KDF_PBKDF2)) {
		struct crypt_pbkdf_type pbkdf = {
			.type = CRYPT_KDF_PBKDF2,
			.hash = hash,
			.time_ms = 1000,
		};

		r = crypt_benchmark_pbkdf(NULL, &pbkdf, "foo", 3, "bar", 3, key_size,
					&benchmark_callback, &pbkdf);
		if (r < 0)
			log_std(_("PBKDF2-%-9s     N/A\n"), hash);
		else
			log_std(_("PBKDF2-%-9s %7u iterations per second for %zu-bit key\n"),
				hash, pbkdf.iterations, key_size * 8);
	} else {
		struct crypt_pbkdf_type pbkdf = {
			.type = kdf,
			.time_ms = opt_iteration_time ?: DEFAULT_LUKS2_ITER_TIME,
			.max_memory_kb = opt_pbkdf_memory,
			.parallel_threads = opt_pbkdf_parallel,
		};

		r = crypt_benchmark_pbkdf(NULL, &pbkdf, "foo", 3,
			"0123456789abcdef0123456789abcdef", 32,
			key_size, &benchmark_callback, &pbkdf);
		if (r < 0)
			log_std(_("%-10s N/A\n"), kdf);
		else
			log_std(_("%-10s %4u iterations, %5u memory, "
				"%1u parallel threads (CPUs) for "
				"%zu-bit key (requested %u ms time)\n"), kdf,
				pbkdf.iterations, pbkdf.max_memory_kb, pbkdf.parallel_threads,
				key_size * 8, pbkdf.time_ms);
	}

	return r;
}

static int benchmark_cipher_loop(const char *cipher, const char *cipher_mode,
				 size_t volume_key_size, size_t iv_size,
				 double *encryption_mbs, double *decryption_mbs)
{
	int r, buffer_size = 1024 * 1024;

	do {
		r = crypt_benchmark(NULL, cipher, cipher_mode,
				    volume_key_size, iv_size, buffer_size,
				    encryption_mbs, decryption_mbs);
		if (r == -ERANGE) {
			if (buffer_size < 1024 * 1024 * 65)
				buffer_size *= 2;
			else {
				log_err(_("Result of benchmark is not reliable."));
				r = -ENOENT;
			}
		}
	} while (r == -ERANGE);

	return r;
}

static int action_benchmark(void)
{
	static struct {
		const char *cipher;
		const char *mode;
		size_t key_size;
		size_t iv_size;
	} bciphers[] = {
		{ "aes",     "cbc", 16, 16 },
		{ "serpent", "cbc", 16, 16 },
		{ "twofish", "cbc", 16, 16 },
		{ "aes",     "cbc", 32, 16 },
		{ "serpent", "cbc", 32, 16 },
		{ "twofish", "cbc", 32, 16 },
		{ "aes",     "xts", 32, 16 },
		{ "serpent", "xts", 32, 16 },
		{ "twofish", "xts", 32, 16 },
		{ "aes",     "xts", 64, 16 },
		{ "serpent", "xts", 64, 16 },
		{ "twofish", "xts", 64, 16 },
		{  NULL, NULL, 0, 0 }
	};
	static struct {
		const char *type;
		const char *hash;
	} bkdfs[] = {
		{ CRYPT_KDF_PBKDF2,   "sha1" },
		{ CRYPT_KDF_PBKDF2,   "sha256" },
		{ CRYPT_KDF_PBKDF2,   "sha512" },
		{ CRYPT_KDF_PBKDF2,   "ripemd160" },
		{ CRYPT_KDF_PBKDF2,   "whirlpool" },
		{ CRYPT_KDF_ARGON2I,  NULL },
		{ CRYPT_KDF_ARGON2ID, NULL },
		{ NULL, NULL }
	};
	char cipher[MAX_CIPHER_LEN], cipher_mode[MAX_CIPHER_LEN];
	double enc_mbr = 0, dec_mbr = 0;
	int key_size = (opt_key_size ?: DEFAULT_PLAIN_KEYBITS) / 8;
	int iv_size = 16, skipped = 0, width;
	char *c;
	int i, r;

	log_std(_("# Tests are approximate using memory only (no storage IO).\n"));
	if (opt_pbkdf || opt_hash) {
		if (!opt_pbkdf && opt_hash)
			opt_pbkdf = CRYPT_KDF_PBKDF2;
		r = action_benchmark_kdf(opt_pbkdf, opt_hash, key_size);
	} else if (opt_cipher) {
		r = crypt_parse_name_and_mode(opt_cipher, cipher, NULL, cipher_mode);
		if (r < 0) {
			log_err(_("No known cipher specification pattern detected."));
			return r;
		}
		if ((c  = strchr(cipher_mode, '-')))
			*c = '\0';

		/* FIXME: not really clever :) */
		if (strstr(cipher, "des") ||
		    strstr(cipher, "blowfish") ||
		    strstr(cipher, "cast5"))
			iv_size = 8;

		if (!strcmp(cipher_mode, "ecb"))
			iv_size = 0;

		if (!strcmp(cipher_mode, "adiantum"))
			iv_size = 32;

		r = benchmark_cipher_loop(cipher, cipher_mode,
					  key_size, iv_size,
					  &enc_mbr, &dec_mbr);
		if (!r) {
			width = strlen(cipher) + strlen(cipher_mode) + 1;
			if (width < 11)
				width = 11;
			/* TRANSLATORS: The string is header of a table and must be exactly (right side) aligned. */
			log_std(_("#%*s Algorithm |       Key |      Encryption |      Decryption\n"), width - 11, "");
			log_std("%*s-%s  %9db  %10.1f MiB/s  %10.1f MiB/s\n", width - (int)strlen(cipher_mode) - 1,
				cipher, cipher_mode, key_size*8, enc_mbr, dec_mbr);
		} else if (r == -ENOENT)
			log_err(_("Cipher %s is not available."), opt_cipher);
	} else {
		for (i = 0; bkdfs[i].type; i++) {
			r = action_benchmark_kdf(bkdfs[i].type, bkdfs[i].hash, key_size);
			check_signal(&r);
			if (r == -EINTR)
				break;
		}

		for (i = 0; bciphers[i].cipher; i++) {
			r = benchmark_cipher_loop(bciphers[i].cipher, bciphers[i].mode,
					    bciphers[i].key_size, bciphers[i].iv_size,
					    &enc_mbr, &dec_mbr);
			check_signal(&r);
			if (r == -ENOTSUP || r == -EINTR)
				break;
			if (r == -ENOENT)
				skipped++;
			if (i == 0)
				/* TRANSLATORS: The string is header of a table and must be exactly (right side) aligned. */
				log_std(_("#     Algorithm |       Key |      Encryption |      Decryption\n"));

			snprintf(cipher, MAX_CIPHER_LEN, "%s-%s",
				 bciphers[i].cipher, bciphers[i].mode);
			if (!r)
				log_std("%15s  %9zub  %10.1f MiB/s  %10.1f MiB/s\n",
					cipher, bciphers[i].key_size*8, enc_mbr, dec_mbr);
			else
				log_std("%15s  %9zub %17s %17s\n", cipher,
					bciphers[i].key_size*8, _("N/A"), _("N/A"));
		}
		if (skipped && skipped == i)
			r = -ENOTSUP;
	}

	if (r == -ENOTSUP) {
		log_err(_("Required kernel crypto interface not available."));
#ifdef ENABLE_AF_ALG
		log_err( _("Ensure you have algif_skcipher kernel module loaded."));
#endif
	}
	return r;
}

static int set_pbkdf_params(struct crypt_device *cd, const char *dev_type)
{
	const struct crypt_pbkdf_type *pbkdf_default;
	struct crypt_pbkdf_type pbkdf = {};

	pbkdf_default = crypt_get_pbkdf_default(dev_type);
	if (!pbkdf_default)
		return -EINVAL;

	pbkdf.type = opt_pbkdf ?: pbkdf_default->type;
	pbkdf.hash = opt_hash ?: pbkdf_default->hash;
	pbkdf.time_ms = (uint32_t)opt_iteration_time ?: pbkdf_default->time_ms;
	if (strcmp(pbkdf.type, CRYPT_KDF_PBKDF2)) {
		pbkdf.max_memory_kb = opt_pbkdf_memory ?: pbkdf_default->max_memory_kb;
		pbkdf.parallel_threads = opt_pbkdf_parallel ?: pbkdf_default->parallel_threads;
	}

	if (opt_pbkdf_iterations) {
		pbkdf.iterations = opt_pbkdf_iterations;
		pbkdf.flags |= CRYPT_PBKDF_NO_BENCHMARK;
	}

	return crypt_set_pbkdf_type(cd, &pbkdf);
}

static int action_luksRepair(void)
{
	struct crypt_device *cd = NULL;
	int r;

	if ((r = crypt_init(&cd, action_argv[0])))
		goto out;

	crypt_set_log_callback(cd, quiet_log, NULL);
	r = crypt_load(cd, luksType(opt_type), NULL);
	crypt_set_log_callback(cd, tool_log, NULL);
	if (r == 0) {
		log_verbose(_("No known problems detected for LUKS header."));
		goto out;
	}

	r = tools_detect_signatures(action_argv[0], 1, NULL);
	if (r < 0)
		goto out;

	r = yesDialog(_("Really try to repair LUKS device header?"),
		       _("Operation aborted.\n")) ? 0 : -EINVAL;
	if (r == 0)
		r = crypt_repair(cd, luksType(opt_type), NULL);
out:
	crypt_free(cd);
	return r;
}

static int _wipe_data_device(struct crypt_device *cd)
{
	char tmp_name[64], tmp_path[128], tmp_uuid[40];
	uuid_t tmp_uuid_bin;
	int r;

	if (!opt_batch_mode)
		log_std(_("Wiping device to initialize integrity checksum.\n"
			"You can interrupt this by pressing CTRL+c "
			"(rest of not wiped device will contain invalid checksum).\n"));

	/* Activate the device a temporary one */
	uuid_generate(tmp_uuid_bin);
	uuid_unparse(tmp_uuid_bin, tmp_uuid);
	if (snprintf(tmp_name, sizeof(tmp_name), "temporary-cryptsetup-%s", tmp_uuid) < 0)
		return -EINVAL;
	if (snprintf(tmp_path, sizeof(tmp_path), "%s/%s", crypt_get_dir(), tmp_name) < 0)
		return -EINVAL;

	r = crypt_activate_by_volume_key(cd, tmp_name, NULL, 0,
		CRYPT_ACTIVATE_PRIVATE | CRYPT_ACTIVATE_NO_JOURNAL);
	if (r < 0)
		return r;

	/* Wipe the device */
	set_int_handler(0);
	r = crypt_wipe(cd, tmp_path, CRYPT_WIPE_ZERO, 0, 0, DEFAULT_WIPE_BLOCK,
		       0, &tools_wipe_progress, NULL);
	if (crypt_deactivate(cd, tmp_name))
		log_err(_("Cannot deactivate temporary device %s."), tmp_path);
	set_int_block(0);

	return r;
}

static int action_luksFormat(void)
{
	int r = -EINVAL, keysize, integrity_keysize = 0, fd, created = 0;
	struct stat st;
	const char *header_device, *type;
	char *msg = NULL, *key = NULL, *password = NULL;
	char cipher [MAX_CIPHER_LEN], cipher_mode[MAX_CIPHER_LEN], integrity[MAX_CIPHER_LEN];
	size_t passwordLen, signatures;
	struct crypt_device *cd = NULL;
	struct crypt_params_luks1 params1 = {
		.hash = opt_hash ?: DEFAULT_LUKS1_HASH,
		.data_alignment = opt_align_payload,
		.data_device = opt_header_device ? action_argv[0] : NULL,
	};
	struct crypt_params_luks2 params2 = {
		.data_alignment = params1.data_alignment,
		.data_device = params1.data_device,
		.sector_size = opt_sector_size,
		.label = opt_label,
		.subsystem = opt_subsystem
	};
	void *params;

	type = luksType(opt_type);
	if (!type)
		type = crypt_get_default_type();

	if (!strcmp(type, CRYPT_LUKS2)) {
		params = &params2;
	} else if (!strcmp(type, CRYPT_LUKS1)) {
		params = &params1;

		if (opt_sector_size > SECTOR_SIZE) {
			log_err(_("Unsupported encryption sector size."));
			return -EINVAL;
		}

		if (opt_integrity) {
			log_err(_("Integrity option can be used only for LUKS2 format."));
			return -EINVAL;
		}

		if (opt_luks2_keyslots_size || opt_luks2_metadata_size) {
			log_err(_("Unsupported LUKS2 metadata size options."));
			return -EINVAL;
		}
	} else
		return -EINVAL;

	/* Create header file (must contain at least one sector)? */
	if (opt_header_device && stat(opt_header_device, &st) < 0 && errno == ENOENT) {
		if (!opt_batch_mode &&
		    !yesDialog("Header file does not exist, do you want to create it?",
			    _("Operation aborted.\n")))
		    return -EPERM;

		log_dbg("Creating header file.");
		/* coverity[toctou] */
		fd = open(opt_header_device, O_CREAT|O_EXCL|O_WRONLY, S_IRUSR|S_IWUSR);
		if (fd == -1 || posix_fallocate(fd, 0, 4096))
			log_err(_("Cannot create header file %s."), opt_header_device);
		else {
			r = 0;
			created = 1;
		}
		if (fd != -1)
			close(fd);
		if (r < 0)
			return r;
	}

	header_device = opt_header_device ?: action_argv[0];

	r = crypt_parse_name_and_mode(opt_cipher ?: DEFAULT_CIPHER(LUKS1),
				      cipher, NULL, cipher_mode);
	if (r < 0) {
		log_err(_("No known cipher specification pattern detected."));
		goto out;
	}

	if (opt_integrity) {
		r = crypt_parse_integrity_mode(opt_integrity, integrity, &integrity_keysize);
		if (r < 0) {
			log_err(_("No known integrity specification pattern detected."));
			goto out;
		}
		params2.integrity = integrity;
		/* FIXME: we use default integrity_params (set to NULL) */
	}

	/* Never call pwquality if using null cipher */
	if (tools_is_cipher_null(cipher))
		opt_force_password = 1;

	if ((r = crypt_init(&cd, header_device))) {
		if (opt_header_device)
			log_err(_("Cannot use %s as on-disk header."), header_device);
		return r;
	}

	if (opt_luks2_keyslots_size || opt_luks2_metadata_size) {
		r = crypt_set_metadata_size(cd, opt_luks2_metadata_size, opt_luks2_keyslots_size);
		if (r < 0) {
			log_err(_("Unsupported LUKS2 metadata size options."));
			goto out;
		}
	}

	if (opt_offset) {
		r = crypt_set_data_offset(cd, opt_offset);
		if (r < 0)
			goto out;
	}

	/* Print all present signatures in read-only mode */
	r = tools_detect_signatures(header_device, 0, &signatures);
	if (r < 0)
		goto out;

	if (!created) {
		r = asprintf(&msg, _("This will overwrite data on %s irrevocably."), header_device);
		if (r == -1) {
			r = -ENOMEM;
			goto out;
		}

		r = yesDialog(msg, _("Operation aborted.\n")) ? 0 : -EINVAL;
		free(msg);
		if (r < 0)
			goto out;
	}

#ifdef ENABLE_LUKS_ADJUST_XTS_KEYSIZE
	if (!opt_key_size && !strncmp(cipher_mode, "xts-", 4)) {
		if (DEFAULT_LUKS1_KEYBITS == 128)
			opt_key_size = 256;
		else if (DEFAULT_LUKS1_KEYBITS == 256)
			opt_key_size = 512;
	}
#endif
	keysize = (opt_key_size ?: DEFAULT_LUKS1_KEYBITS) / 8 + integrity_keysize;

	if (opt_random)
		crypt_set_rng_type(cd, CRYPT_RNG_RANDOM);
	else if (opt_urandom)
		crypt_set_rng_type(cd, CRYPT_RNG_URANDOM);

	r = tools_get_key(NULL, &password, &passwordLen,
			  opt_keyfile_offset, opt_keyfile_size, opt_key_file,
			  opt_timeout, _verify_passphrase(1), 1, cd);
	if (r < 0)
		goto out;

	if (opt_master_key_file) {
		r = tools_read_mk(opt_master_key_file, &key, keysize);
		if (r < 0)
			goto out;
	}

	r = set_pbkdf_params(cd, type);
	if (r) {
		log_err(_("Failed to set pbkdf parameters."));
		goto out;
	}

	/* Signature candidates found */
	if (signatures && ((r =	tools_wipe_all_signatures(header_device)) < 0))
		goto out;

	r = crypt_format(cd, type, cipher, cipher_mode,
			 opt_uuid, key, keysize, params);
	check_signal(&r);
	if (r < 0)
		goto out;

	r = _set_keyslot_encryption_params(cd);
	if (r < 0)
		goto out;

	r = crypt_keyslot_add_by_volume_key(cd, opt_key_slot,
					    key, keysize,
					    password, passwordLen);
	if (r < 0) {
		(void) tools_wipe_all_signatures(header_device);
		goto out;
	}
	tools_keyslot_msg(r, CREATED);

	if (opt_integrity && !opt_integrity_no_wipe)
		r = _wipe_data_device(cd);
out:
	crypt_free(cd);
	crypt_safe_free(key);
	crypt_safe_free(password);

	return r;
}

static int action_open_luks(void)
{
	struct crypt_active_device cad;
	struct crypt_device *cd = NULL;
	const char *data_device, *header_device, *activated_name;
	char *key = NULL;
	uint32_t activate_flags = 0;
	int r, keysize, tries;
	char *password = NULL;
	size_t passwordLen;

	if (opt_refresh) {
		activated_name = action_argc > 1 ? action_argv[1] : action_argv[0];
		r = crypt_init_by_name_and_header(&cd, activated_name, opt_header_device);
		if (r)
			goto out;
		activate_flags |= CRYPT_ACTIVATE_REFRESH;
	} else {
		header_device = uuid_or_device_header(&data_device);

		activated_name = opt_test_passphrase ? NULL : action_argv[1];

		if ((r = crypt_init_data_device(&cd, header_device, data_device)))
			goto out;

		if ((r = crypt_load(cd, luksType(opt_type), NULL))) {
			log_err(_("Device %s is not a valid LUKS device."),
				header_device);
			goto out;
		}

		if (!data_device && (crypt_get_data_offset(cd) < 8)) {
			log_err(_("Reduced data offset is allowed only for detached LUKS header."));
			r = -EINVAL;
			goto out;
		}
	}

	_set_activation_flags(&activate_flags);

	if (opt_master_key_file) {
		keysize = crypt_get_volume_key_size(cd);
		r = tools_read_mk(opt_master_key_file, &key, keysize);
		if (r < 0)
			goto out;
		r = crypt_activate_by_volume_key(cd, activated_name,
						 key, keysize, activate_flags);
	} else {
		r = crypt_activate_by_token(cd, activated_name, opt_token, NULL, activate_flags);
		tools_keyslot_msg(r, UNLOCKED);
		if (r >= 0 || opt_token_only)
			goto out;

		tries = (tools_is_stdin(opt_key_file) && isatty(STDIN_FILENO)) ? opt_tries : 1;
		do {
			r = tools_get_key(NULL, &password, &passwordLen,
					opt_keyfile_offset, opt_keyfile_size, opt_key_file,
					opt_timeout, _verify_passphrase(0), 0, cd);
			if (r < 0)
				goto out;

			r = crypt_activate_by_passphrase(cd, activated_name,
				opt_key_slot, password, passwordLen, activate_flags);
			tools_keyslot_msg(r, UNLOCKED);
			tools_passphrase_msg(r);
			check_signal(&r);
			crypt_safe_free(password);
			password = NULL;
		} while ((r == -EPERM || r == -ERANGE) && (--tries > 0));
	}
out:
	if (r >= 0 && opt_persistent &&
	    (crypt_get_active_device(cd, activated_name, &cad) ||
	     crypt_persistent_flags_set(cd, CRYPT_FLAGS_ACTIVATION, cad.flags & activate_flags)))
		log_err(_("Device activated but cannot make flags persistent."));

	crypt_safe_free(key);
	crypt_safe_free(password);
	crypt_free(cd);
	return r;
}

static int verify_keyslot(struct crypt_device *cd, int key_slot, crypt_keyslot_info ki,
			  char *msg_last, char *msg_pass, char *msg_fail,
			  const char *key_file, uint64_t keyfile_offset,
			  int keyfile_size)
{
	char *password = NULL;
	size_t passwordLen;
	int i, max, r;

	if (ki == CRYPT_SLOT_ACTIVE_LAST && !opt_batch_mode && !key_file &&
	    msg_last && !yesDialog(msg_last, msg_fail))
		return -EPERM;

	r = tools_get_key(msg_pass, &password, &passwordLen,
			  keyfile_offset, keyfile_size, key_file, opt_timeout,
			  _verify_passphrase(0), 0, cd);
	if (r < 0)
		goto out;

	if (ki == CRYPT_SLOT_ACTIVE_LAST) {
		/* check the last keyslot */
		r = crypt_activate_by_passphrase(cd, NULL, key_slot,
						 password, passwordLen, 0);
	} else {
		/* try all other keyslots */
		r = crypt_keyslot_max(crypt_get_type(cd));
		if (r < 0)
			goto out;
		max = r;

		for (i = 0; i < max ; i++) {
			if (i == key_slot)
				continue;
			ki = crypt_keyslot_status(cd, i);
			if (ki == CRYPT_SLOT_ACTIVE || ki == CRYPT_SLOT_ACTIVE_LAST)
				r = crypt_activate_by_passphrase(cd, NULL, i,
						 password, passwordLen, 0);
			if (r == i)
				break;
		}
	}

	/* Handle inactive keyslots the same as bad password here */
	if (r == -ENOENT)
		r = -EPERM;
	tools_passphrase_msg(r);
out:
	crypt_safe_free(password);
	return r;
}

static int action_luksKillSlot(void)
{
	struct crypt_device *cd = NULL;
	crypt_keyslot_info ki;
	int r;

	if ((r = crypt_init(&cd, uuid_or_device_header(NULL))))
		goto out;

	crypt_set_confirm_callback(cd, yesDialog, NULL);

	if ((r = crypt_load(cd, luksType(opt_type), NULL))) {
		log_err(_("Device %s is not a valid LUKS device."),
			uuid_or_device_header(NULL));
		goto out;
	}

	ki = crypt_keyslot_status(cd, opt_key_slot);
	switch (ki) {
	case CRYPT_SLOT_ACTIVE_LAST:
	case CRYPT_SLOT_ACTIVE:
	case CRYPT_SLOT_UNBOUND:
		log_verbose(_("Keyslot %d is selected for deletion."), opt_key_slot);
		break;
	case CRYPT_SLOT_INACTIVE:
		log_err(_("Keyslot %d is not active."), opt_key_slot);
		/* fall through */
	case CRYPT_SLOT_INVALID:
		r = -EINVAL;
		goto out;
	}

	if (!opt_batch_mode || opt_key_file || !isatty(STDIN_FILENO)) {
		r = verify_keyslot(cd, opt_key_slot, ki,
			_("This is the last keyslot. Device will become unusable after purging this key."),
			_("Enter any remaining passphrase: "),
			_("Operation aborted, the keyslot was NOT wiped.\n"),
			opt_key_file, opt_keyfile_offset, opt_keyfile_size);
		tools_keyslot_msg(r, UNLOCKED);

		if (r == -EPIPE && (!opt_key_file || tools_is_stdin(opt_key_file))) {
			log_dbg("Failed read from input, ignoring passphrase.");
			r = 0;
		}

		if (r < 0)
			goto out;
	}

	r = crypt_keyslot_destroy(cd, opt_key_slot);
	tools_keyslot_msg(opt_key_slot, REMOVED);
out:
	crypt_free(cd);
	return r;
}

static int action_luksRemoveKey(void)
{
	struct crypt_device *cd = NULL;
	char *password = NULL;
	size_t passwordLen;
	int r;

	if ((r = crypt_init(&cd, uuid_or_device_header(NULL))))
		goto out;

	crypt_set_confirm_callback(cd, yesDialog, NULL);

	if ((r = crypt_load(cd, luksType(opt_type), NULL))) {
		log_err(_("Device %s is not a valid LUKS device."),
			uuid_or_device_header(NULL));
		goto out;
	}

	r = tools_get_key(_("Enter passphrase to be deleted: "),
		      &password, &passwordLen,
		      opt_keyfile_offset, opt_keyfile_size, opt_key_file,
		      opt_timeout,
		      _verify_passphrase(0), 0,
		      cd);
	if(r < 0)
		goto out;

	r = crypt_activate_by_passphrase(cd, NULL, CRYPT_ANY_SLOT,
					 password, passwordLen, 0);
	tools_passphrase_msg(r);
	check_signal(&r);
	if (r < 0)
		goto out;
	tools_keyslot_msg(r, UNLOCKED);

	opt_key_slot = r;
	log_verbose(_("Key slot %d selected for deletion."), opt_key_slot);

	if (crypt_keyslot_status(cd, opt_key_slot) == CRYPT_SLOT_ACTIVE_LAST &&
	    !yesDialog(_("This is the last keyslot. "
			  "Device will become unusable after purging this key."),
			_("Operation aborted, the keyslot was NOT wiped.\n"))) {
		r = -EPERM;
		goto out;
	}

	r = crypt_keyslot_destroy(cd, opt_key_slot);
	tools_keyslot_msg(opt_key_slot, REMOVED);
out:
	crypt_safe_free(password);
	crypt_free(cd);
	return r;
}

static int luksAddUnboundKey(void)
{
	int r = -EINVAL, keysize = 0;
	char *key = NULL;
	const char *opt_new_key_file = (action_argc > 1 ? action_argv[1] : NULL);
	char *password_new = NULL;
	size_t password_new_size = 0;
	struct crypt_device *cd = NULL;

	if ((r = crypt_init(&cd, uuid_or_device_header(NULL))))
		goto out;

	crypt_set_confirm_callback(cd, yesDialog, NULL);

	if ((r = crypt_load(cd, CRYPT_LUKS2, NULL))) {
		log_err(_("Device %s is not a valid LUKS device."),
			uuid_or_device_header(NULL));
		goto out;
	}

	r = _set_keyslot_encryption_params(cd);
	if (r < 0)
		goto out;

	/* Never call pwquality if using null cipher */
	if (tools_is_cipher_null(crypt_get_cipher(cd)))
		opt_force_password = 1;

	keysize = opt_key_size / 8;
	r = set_pbkdf_params(cd, crypt_get_type(cd));
	if (r) {
		log_err(_("Failed to set pbkdf parameters."));
		goto out;
	}

	if (opt_master_key_file) {
		r = tools_read_mk(opt_master_key_file, &key, keysize);
		if (r < 0)
			goto out;

		check_signal(&r);
		if (r < 0)
			goto out;
	}

	r = tools_get_key(_("Enter new passphrase for key slot: "),
			  &password_new, &password_new_size,
			  opt_new_keyfile_offset, opt_new_keyfile_size,
			  opt_new_key_file, opt_timeout,
			  _verify_passphrase(1), 1, cd);
	if (r < 0)
		goto out;

	r = crypt_keyslot_add_by_key(cd, opt_key_slot, key, keysize,
			password_new, password_new_size, CRYPT_VOLUME_KEY_NO_SEGMENT);
	tools_keyslot_msg(r, CREATED);
out:
	crypt_safe_free(password_new);
	crypt_safe_free(key);
	crypt_free(cd);
	return r;
}

static int action_luksAddKey(void)
{
	int r = -EINVAL, keysize = 0;
	char *key = NULL;
	const char *opt_new_key_file = (action_argc > 1 ? action_argv[1] : NULL);
	char *password = NULL, *password_new = NULL;
	size_t password_size = 0, password_new_size = 0;
	struct crypt_device *cd = NULL;

	/* Unbound keyslot (no assigned data segment) is special case */
	if (opt_unbound)
		return luksAddUnboundKey();

	if ((r = crypt_init(&cd, uuid_or_device_header(NULL))))
		goto out;

	crypt_set_confirm_callback(cd, yesDialog, NULL);

	if ((r = crypt_load(cd, luksType(opt_type), NULL))) {
		log_err(_("Device %s is not a valid LUKS device."),
			uuid_or_device_header(NULL));
		goto out;
	}

	r = _set_keyslot_encryption_params(cd);
	if (r < 0)
		goto out;

	/* Never call pwquality if using null cipher */
	if (tools_is_cipher_null(crypt_get_cipher(cd)))
		opt_force_password = 1;

	keysize = crypt_get_volume_key_size(cd);
	r = set_pbkdf_params(cd, crypt_get_type(cd));
	if (r) {
		log_err(_("Failed to set pbkdf parameters."));
		goto out;
	}

	if (opt_master_key_file) {
		r = tools_read_mk(opt_master_key_file, &key, keysize);
		if (r < 0)
			goto out;

		r = crypt_volume_key_verify(cd, key, keysize);
		check_signal(&r);
		if (r < 0)
			goto out;

		r = tools_get_key(_("Enter new passphrase for key slot: "),
				  &password_new, &password_new_size,
				  opt_new_keyfile_offset, opt_new_keyfile_size,
				  opt_new_key_file, opt_timeout,
				  _verify_passphrase(1), 1, cd);
		if (r < 0)
			goto out;

		r = crypt_keyslot_add_by_volume_key(cd, opt_key_slot, key, keysize,
						    password_new, password_new_size);
	} else if (opt_key_file && !tools_is_stdin(opt_key_file) &&
		   opt_new_key_file && !tools_is_stdin(opt_new_key_file)) {
		r = crypt_keyslot_add_by_keyfile_device_offset(cd, opt_key_slot,
			opt_key_file, opt_keyfile_size, opt_keyfile_offset,
			opt_new_key_file, opt_new_keyfile_size, opt_new_keyfile_offset);
		tools_passphrase_msg(r);
	} else {
		r = tools_get_key(_("Enter any existing passphrase: "),
			      &password, &password_size,
			      opt_keyfile_offset, opt_keyfile_size, opt_key_file,
			      opt_timeout, _verify_passphrase(0), 0, cd);

		if (r < 0)
			goto out;

		/* Check password before asking for new one */
		r = crypt_activate_by_passphrase(cd, NULL, CRYPT_ANY_SLOT,
						 password, password_size, 0);
		check_signal(&r);
		tools_passphrase_msg(r);
		if (r < 0)
			goto out;
		tools_keyslot_msg(r, UNLOCKED);

		r = tools_get_key(_("Enter new passphrase for key slot: "),
				  &password_new, &password_new_size,
				  opt_new_keyfile_offset, opt_new_keyfile_size, opt_new_key_file,
				  opt_timeout, _verify_passphrase(1), 1, cd);
		if (r < 0)
			goto out;

		r = crypt_keyslot_add_by_passphrase(cd, opt_key_slot,
						    password, password_size,
						    password_new, password_new_size);
	}
out:
	tools_keyslot_msg(r, CREATED);
	crypt_safe_free(password);
	crypt_safe_free(password_new);
	crypt_safe_free(key);
	crypt_free(cd);
	return r;
}

static int action_luksChangeKey(void)
{
	const char *opt_new_key_file = (action_argc > 1 ? action_argv[1] : NULL);
	struct crypt_device *cd = NULL;
	char *password = NULL, *password_new = NULL;
	size_t password_size = 0, password_new_size = 0;
	int r;

	if ((r = crypt_init(&cd, uuid_or_device_header(NULL))))
		goto out;

	if ((r = crypt_load(cd, luksType(opt_type), NULL))) {
		log_err(_("Device %s is not a valid LUKS device."),
			uuid_or_device_header(NULL));
		goto out;
	}

	r = _set_keyslot_encryption_params(cd);
	if (r < 0)
		goto out;

	/* Never call pwquality if using null cipher */
	if (tools_is_cipher_null(crypt_get_cipher(cd)))
		opt_force_password = 1;

	r = set_pbkdf_params(cd, crypt_get_type(cd));
	if (r) {
		log_err(_("Failed to set pbkdf parameters."));
		goto out;
	}

	r = tools_get_key(_("Enter passphrase to be changed: "),
		      &password, &password_size,
		      opt_keyfile_offset, opt_keyfile_size, opt_key_file,
		      opt_timeout, _verify_passphrase(0), 0, cd);
	if (r < 0)
		goto out;

	/* Check password before asking for new one */
	r = crypt_activate_by_passphrase(cd, NULL, opt_key_slot,
					 password, password_size, CRYPT_ACTIVATE_ALLOW_UNBOUND_KEY);
	tools_passphrase_msg(r);
	check_signal(&r);
	if (r < 0)
		goto out;
	tools_keyslot_msg(r, UNLOCKED);

	r = tools_get_key(_("Enter new passphrase: "),
			  &password_new, &password_new_size,
			  opt_new_keyfile_offset, opt_new_keyfile_size,
			  opt_new_key_file,
			  opt_timeout, _verify_passphrase(1), 1, cd);
	if (r < 0)
		goto out;

	r = crypt_keyslot_change_by_passphrase(cd, opt_key_slot, opt_key_slot,
		password, password_size, password_new, password_new_size);
	tools_keyslot_msg(r, CREATED);
out:
	crypt_safe_free(password);
	crypt_safe_free(password_new);
	crypt_free(cd);
	return r;
}

static int action_luksConvertKey(void)
{
	struct crypt_device *cd = NULL;
	char *password = NULL;
	size_t password_size = 0;
	int r;

	if ((r = crypt_init(&cd, uuid_or_device_header(NULL))))
		goto out;

	if ((r = crypt_load(cd, CRYPT_LUKS2, NULL))) {
		log_err(_("Device %s is not a valid LUKS device."),
			uuid_or_device_header(NULL));
		goto out;
	}

	r = _set_keyslot_encryption_params(cd);
	if (r < 0)
		goto out;

	if (crypt_keyslot_status(cd, opt_key_slot) == CRYPT_SLOT_INACTIVE) {
		r = -EINVAL;
		log_err(_("Keyslot %d is not active."), opt_key_slot);
		goto out;
	}

	r = set_pbkdf_params(cd, crypt_get_type(cd));
	if (r) {
		log_err(_("Failed to set pbkdf parameters."));
		goto out;
	}

	r = tools_get_key(_("Enter passphrase for keyslot to be converted: "),
		      &password, &password_size,
		      opt_keyfile_offset, opt_keyfile_size, opt_key_file,
		      opt_timeout, _verify_passphrase(0), 0, cd);
	if (r < 0)
		goto out;

	r = crypt_keyslot_change_by_passphrase(cd, opt_key_slot, opt_key_slot,
			password, password_size, password, password_size);
	tools_passphrase_msg(r);
	tools_keyslot_msg(r, CREATED);
out:
	crypt_safe_free(password);
	crypt_free(cd);
	return r;
}

static int action_isLuks(void)
{
	struct crypt_device *cd = NULL;
	int r;

	/* FIXME: argc > max should be checked for other operations as well */
	if (action_argc > 1) {
		log_err(_("Only one device argument for isLuks operation is supported."));
		return -ENODEV;
	}

	if ((r = crypt_init(&cd, uuid_or_device_header(NULL))))
		goto out;

	crypt_set_log_callback(cd, quiet_log, NULL);
	r = crypt_load(cd, luksType(opt_type), NULL);
out:
	crypt_free(cd);
	return r;
}

static int action_luksUUID(void)
{
	struct crypt_device *cd = NULL;
	const char *existing_uuid = NULL;
	int r;

	if ((r = crypt_init(&cd, uuid_or_device_header(NULL))))
		goto out;

	crypt_set_confirm_callback(cd, yesDialog, _("Operation aborted.\n"));

	if ((r = crypt_load(cd, luksType(opt_type), NULL)))
		goto out;

	if (opt_uuid)
		r = crypt_set_uuid(cd, opt_uuid);
	else {
		existing_uuid = crypt_get_uuid(cd);
		log_std("%s\n", existing_uuid ?: "");
		r = existing_uuid ? 0 : 1;
	}
out:
	crypt_free(cd);
	return r;
}

static int luksDump_with_volume_key(struct crypt_device *cd)
{
	char *vk = NULL, *password = NULL;
	size_t passwordLen = 0;
	size_t vk_size;
	unsigned i;
	int r;

	crypt_set_confirm_callback(cd, yesDialog, NULL);
	if (!yesDialog(
	    _("Header dump with volume key is sensitive information\n"
	      "which allows access to encrypted partition without passphrase.\n"
	      "This dump should be always stored encrypted on safe place."),
	      NULL))
		return -EPERM;

	vk_size = crypt_get_volume_key_size(cd);
	vk = crypt_safe_alloc(vk_size);
	if (!vk)
		return -ENOMEM;

	r = tools_get_key(NULL, &password, &passwordLen,
			  opt_keyfile_offset, opt_keyfile_size, opt_key_file,
			  opt_timeout, 0, 0, cd);
	if (r < 0)
		goto out;

	r = crypt_volume_key_get(cd, CRYPT_ANY_SLOT, vk, &vk_size,
				 password, passwordLen);
	tools_passphrase_msg(r);
	check_signal(&r);
	if (r < 0)
		goto out;
	tools_keyslot_msg(r, UNLOCKED);

	if (opt_master_key_file) {
		r = tools_write_mk(opt_master_key_file, vk, vk_size);
		if (r < 0)
			goto out;
	}

	log_std("LUKS header information for %s\n", crypt_get_device_name(cd));
	log_std("Cipher name:   \t%s\n", crypt_get_cipher(cd));
	log_std("Cipher mode:   \t%s\n", crypt_get_cipher_mode(cd));
	log_std("Payload offset:\t%d\n", (int)crypt_get_data_offset(cd));
	log_std("UUID:          \t%s\n", crypt_get_uuid(cd));
	log_std("MK bits:       \t%d\n", (int)vk_size * 8);
	if (opt_master_key_file) {
		log_std("Key stored to file %s.\n", opt_master_key_file);
		goto out;
	}
	log_std("MK dump:\t");

	for(i = 0; i < vk_size; i++) {
		if (i && !(i % 16))
			log_std("\n\t\t");
		log_std("%02hhx ", (char)vk[i]);
	}
	log_std("\n");

out:
	crypt_safe_free(password);
	crypt_safe_free(vk);
	return r;
}

static int action_luksDump(void)
{
	struct crypt_device *cd = NULL;
	int r;

	if ((r = crypt_init(&cd, uuid_or_device_header(NULL))))
		goto out;

	if ((r = crypt_load(cd, luksType(opt_type), NULL))) {
		log_err(_("Device %s is not a valid LUKS device."),
			uuid_or_device_header(NULL));
		goto out;
	}

	if (opt_dump_master_key)
		r = luksDump_with_volume_key(cd);
	else
		r = crypt_dump(cd);
out:
	crypt_free(cd);
	return r;
}

static int action_luksSuspend(void)
{
	struct crypt_device *cd = NULL;
	int r;

	r = crypt_init_by_name_and_header(&cd, action_argv[0], uuid_or_device(opt_header_device));
	if (!r)
		r = crypt_suspend(cd, action_argv[0]);

	crypt_free(cd);
	return r;
}

static int action_luksResume(void)
{
	struct crypt_device *cd = NULL;
	char *password = NULL;
	size_t passwordLen;
	int r, tries;

	if ((r = crypt_init_by_name_and_header(&cd, action_argv[0], uuid_or_device(opt_header_device))))
		goto out;

	if ((r = crypt_load(cd, luksType(opt_type), NULL)))
		goto out;

	tries = (tools_is_stdin(opt_key_file) && isatty(STDIN_FILENO)) ? opt_tries : 1;
	do {
		r = tools_get_key(NULL, &password, &passwordLen,
			opt_keyfile_offset, opt_keyfile_size, opt_key_file,
			opt_timeout, _verify_passphrase(0), 0, cd);
		if (r < 0)
			goto out;

		r = crypt_resume_by_passphrase(cd, action_argv[0], CRYPT_ANY_SLOT,
					       password, passwordLen);
		tools_passphrase_msg(r);
		check_signal(&r);
		tools_keyslot_msg(r, UNLOCKED);

		crypt_safe_free(password);
		password = NULL;
	} while ((r == -EPERM || r == -ERANGE) && (--tries > 0));
out:
	crypt_safe_free(password);
	crypt_free(cd);
	return r;
}

static int action_luksBackup(void)
{
	struct crypt_device *cd = NULL;
	int r;

	if (!opt_header_backup_file) {
		log_err(_("Option --header-backup-file is required."));
		return -EINVAL;
	}

	if ((r = crypt_init(&cd, uuid_or_device_header(NULL))))
		goto out;

	crypt_set_confirm_callback(cd, yesDialog, NULL);

	r = crypt_header_backup(cd, NULL, opt_header_backup_file);
out:
	crypt_free(cd);
	return r;
}

static int action_luksRestore(void)
{
	struct crypt_device *cd = NULL;
	int r = 0;

	if (!opt_header_backup_file) {
		log_err(_("Option --header-backup-file is required."));
		return -EINVAL;
	}

	if ((r = crypt_init(&cd, uuid_or_device_header(NULL))))
		goto out;

	crypt_set_confirm_callback(cd, yesDialog, NULL);
	r = crypt_header_restore(cd, NULL, opt_header_backup_file);
out:
	crypt_free(cd);
	return r;
}

static const char *_get_device_type(void)
{
	const char *type, *name = NULL;
	struct crypt_device *cd = NULL;

	if (action_argc > 1)
		name = action_argv[1];
	else if (action_argc == 1)
		name = action_argv[0];

	if (crypt_init_by_name_and_header(&cd, name, opt_header_device))
		return NULL;

	type = crypt_get_type(cd);
	if (!type) {
		crypt_free(cd);
		log_err(_("%s is not cryptsetup managed device."), name);
		return NULL;
	}

	if (!strncmp(type, "LUKS", 4))
		type = "luks";
	else if (!strcmp(type, CRYPT_PLAIN))
		type = "plain";
	else if (!strcmp(type, CRYPT_LOOPAES))
		type = "loopaes";
	else {
		log_err(_("Refresh is not supported for device type %s"), type);
		type = NULL;
	}

	crypt_free(cd);

	return type;
}

static int action_open(void)
{
	if (opt_refresh && !opt_type)
		/* read device type from active mapping */
		opt_type = _get_device_type();

	if (!opt_type)
		return -EINVAL;

	if (!strcmp(opt_type, "luks") ||
	    !strcmp(opt_type, "luks1") ||
	    !strcmp(opt_type, "luks2")) {
		if (action_argc < 2 && (!opt_test_passphrase && !opt_refresh))
			goto args;
		return action_open_luks();
	} else if (!strcmp(opt_type, "plain")) {
		if (action_argc < 2 && !opt_refresh)
			goto args;
		return action_open_plain();
	} else if (!strcmp(opt_type, "loopaes")) {
		if (action_argc < 2 && !opt_refresh)
			goto args;
		return action_open_loopaes();
	} else if (!strcmp(opt_type, "tcrypt")) {
		if (action_argc < 2 && !opt_test_passphrase)
			goto args;
		return action_open_tcrypt();
	}

	log_err(_("Unrecognized metadata device type %s."), opt_type);
	return -EINVAL;
args:
	log_err(_("Command requires device and mapped name as arguments."));
	return -EINVAL;
}

static int action_luksErase(void)
{
	struct crypt_device *cd = NULL;
	crypt_keyslot_info ki;
	char *msg = NULL;
	int i, max, r;

	if ((r = crypt_init(&cd, uuid_or_device_header(NULL))))
		goto out;

	crypt_set_confirm_callback(cd, yesDialog, NULL);

	if ((r = crypt_load(cd, luksType(opt_type), NULL))) {
		log_err(_("Device %s is not a valid LUKS device."),
			uuid_or_device_header(NULL));
		goto out;
	}

	if(asprintf(&msg, _("This operation will erase all keyslots on device %s.\n"
			    "Device will become unusable after this operation."),
			    uuid_or_device_header(NULL)) == -1) {
		r = -ENOMEM;
		goto out;
	}

	if (!yesDialog(msg, _("Operation aborted, keyslots were NOT wiped.\n"))) {
		r = -EPERM;
		goto out;
	}

	/* Safety check */
	max = crypt_keyslot_max(crypt_get_type(cd));
	if (max <= 0)
		return -EINVAL;

	for (i = 0; i < max; i++) {
		ki = crypt_keyslot_status(cd, i);
		if (ki == CRYPT_SLOT_ACTIVE || ki == CRYPT_SLOT_ACTIVE_LAST) {
			r = crypt_keyslot_destroy(cd, i);
			if (r < 0)
				goto out;
			tools_keyslot_msg(i, REMOVED);
		}
	}
out:
	free(msg);
	crypt_free(cd);
	return r;
}

static int action_luksConvert(void)
{
	struct crypt_device *cd = NULL;
	char *msg = NULL;
	const char *to_type, *from_type;
	int r;

	if (!strcmp(opt_type, "luks2")) {
		to_type = CRYPT_LUKS2;
	} else if (!strcmp(opt_type, "luks1")) {
		to_type = CRYPT_LUKS1;
	} else {
		log_err(_("Invalid LUKS type, only luks1 and luks2 are supported."));
		return -EINVAL;
	}

	if ((r = crypt_init(&cd, uuid_or_device_header(NULL))))
		return r;

	crypt_set_confirm_callback(cd, yesDialog, NULL);

	if ((r = crypt_load(cd, CRYPT_LUKS, NULL)) ||
	    !(from_type = crypt_get_type(cd))) {
		log_err(_("Device %s is not a valid LUKS device."),
			uuid_or_device_header(NULL));
		crypt_free(cd);
		return r;
	}

	if (!strcmp(from_type, to_type)) {
		log_err(_("Device is already %s type."), to_type);
		crypt_free(cd);
		return -EINVAL;
	}

	if (asprintf(&msg, _("This operation will convert %s to %s format.\n"),
			    uuid_or_device_header(NULL), to_type) == -1) {
		crypt_free(cd);
		return -ENOMEM;
	}

	if (yesDialog(msg, _("Operation aborted, device was NOT converted.\n")))
		r = crypt_convert(cd, to_type, NULL);
	else
		r = -EPERM;

	free(msg);
	crypt_free(cd);
	return r;
}

static int _config_priority(struct crypt_device *cd)
{
	crypt_keyslot_info cs;
	crypt_keyslot_priority priority = CRYPT_SLOT_PRIORITY_INVALID;

	if (!strcmp("normal", opt_priority))
		priority = CRYPT_SLOT_PRIORITY_NORMAL;
	else if (!strcmp("prefer", opt_priority))
		priority = CRYPT_SLOT_PRIORITY_PREFER;
	else if (!strcmp("ignore", opt_priority))
		priority = CRYPT_SLOT_PRIORITY_IGNORE;

	cs = crypt_keyslot_status(cd, opt_key_slot);
	if (cs != CRYPT_SLOT_INVALID)
		return crypt_keyslot_set_priority(cd, opt_key_slot, priority);

	return -EINVAL;
}

static int _config_labels(struct crypt_device *cd)
{
	return crypt_set_label(cd, opt_label, opt_subsystem);
}

static int action_luksConfig(void)
{
	struct crypt_device *cd = NULL;
	int r;

	if (!opt_priority && !opt_label && !opt_subsystem) {
		log_err(_("Option --priority, --label or --subsystem is missing."));
		return -EINVAL;
	}

	if ((r = crypt_init(&cd, uuid_or_device_header(NULL))))
		return r;

	if ((r = crypt_load(cd, CRYPT_LUKS2, NULL))) {
		log_err(_("Device %s is not a valid LUKS device."),
			uuid_or_device_header(NULL));
		goto out;
	}

	if (opt_priority && (r = _config_priority(cd)))
		goto out;

	if ((opt_label || opt_subsystem) && (r = _config_labels(cd)))
		goto out;
out:
	crypt_free(cd);
	return r;
}

static int _token_add(struct crypt_device *cd)
{
	int r, token;
	crypt_token_info token_info;
	const struct crypt_token_params_luks2_keyring params = {
		.key_description = opt_key_description
	};

	if (opt_token != CRYPT_ANY_TOKEN) {
		token_info = crypt_token_status(cd, opt_token, NULL);
		if (token_info < CRYPT_TOKEN_INACTIVE) {
			log_err(_("Token %d is invalid."), opt_token);
			return -EINVAL;
		} else if (token_info > CRYPT_TOKEN_INACTIVE) {
			log_err(_("Token %d in use."), opt_token);
			return -EINVAL;
		}
	}

	r = crypt_token_luks2_keyring_set(cd, opt_token, &params);
	if (r < 0) {
		log_err(_("Failed to add luks2-keyring token %d."), opt_token);
		return r;
	}

	token = r;
	tools_token_msg(token, CREATED);

	r = crypt_token_assign_keyslot(cd, token, opt_key_slot);
	if (r < 0) {
		log_err(_("Failed to assign token %d to keyslot %d."), token, opt_key_slot);
		(void) crypt_token_json_set(cd, token, NULL);
	}

	return r;
}

static int _token_remove(struct crypt_device *cd)
{
	crypt_token_info token_info;
	int r;

	token_info = crypt_token_status(cd, opt_token, NULL);
	if (token_info < CRYPT_TOKEN_INACTIVE) {
		log_err(_("Token %d is invalid."), opt_token);
		return -EINVAL;
	} else if (token_info == CRYPT_TOKEN_INACTIVE) {
		log_err(_("Token %d is not in use."), opt_token);
		return -EINVAL;
	}

	r = crypt_token_json_set(cd, opt_token, NULL);
	tools_token_msg(r, REMOVED);

	return r;
}

static int _token_import(struct crypt_device *cd)
{
	char *json;
	size_t json_length;
	crypt_token_info token_info;
	int r, token;

	if (opt_token != CRYPT_ANY_TOKEN) {
		token_info = crypt_token_status(cd, opt_token, NULL);
		if (token_info < CRYPT_TOKEN_INACTIVE) {
			log_err(_("Token %d is invalid."), opt_token);
			return -EINVAL;
		} else if (token_info > CRYPT_TOKEN_INACTIVE) {
			log_err(_("Token %d in use."), opt_token);
			return -EINVAL;
		}
	}

	r = tools_read_json_file(cd, opt_json_file, &json, &json_length);
	if (r)
		return r;

	r = crypt_token_json_set(cd, opt_token, json);
	free(json);
	if (r < 0) {
		log_err(_("Failed to import token from file."));
		return r;
	}

	token = r;
	tools_token_msg(token, CREATED);

	if (opt_key_slot != CRYPT_ANY_SLOT) {
		r = crypt_token_assign_keyslot(cd, token, opt_key_slot);
		if (r < 0) {
			log_err(_("Failed to assign token %d to keyslot %d."), token, opt_key_slot);
			(void) crypt_token_json_set(cd, token, NULL);
		}
	}

	return r;
}

static int _token_export(struct crypt_device *cd)
{
	const char *json;
	int r;

	r = crypt_token_json_get(cd, opt_token, &json);
	if (r < 0) {
		log_err(_("Failed to get token %d for export."), opt_token);
		return r;
	}

	return tools_write_json_file(cd, opt_json_file, json);
}

static int action_token(void)
{
	int r;
	struct crypt_device *cd = NULL;
	enum { ADD = 0, REMOVE, IMPORT, EXPORT } action;

	if (!strcmp(action_argv[0], "add")) {
		if (!opt_key_description) {
			log_err(_("--key-description parameter is mandatory for token add action."));
			return -EINVAL;
		}
		action = ADD;
	} else if (!strcmp(action_argv[0], "remove")) {
		if (opt_token == CRYPT_ANY_TOKEN) {
			log_err(_("Action requires specific token. Use --token-id parameter."));
			return -EINVAL;
		}
		action = REMOVE;
	} else if (!strcmp(action_argv[0], "import")) {
		action = IMPORT;
	} else if (!strcmp(action_argv[0], "export")) {
		if (opt_token == CRYPT_ANY_TOKEN) {
			log_err(_("Action requires specific token. Use --token-id parameter."));
			return -EINVAL;
		}
		action = EXPORT;
	} else {
		log_err(_("Invalid token operation %s."), action_argv[0]);
		return -EINVAL;
	}

	if ((r = crypt_init(&cd, uuid_or_device(opt_header_device ?: action_argv[1]))))
		return r;

	if ((r = crypt_load(cd, CRYPT_LUKS2, NULL))) {
		log_err(_("Device %s is not a valid LUKS device."),
			uuid_or_device(opt_header_device ?: action_argv[1]));
		crypt_free(cd);
		return r;
	}

	if (action == ADD)
		r = _token_add(cd); /* adds only luks2-keyring type */
	else if (action == REMOVE)
		r = _token_remove(cd);
	else if (action == IMPORT)
		r = _token_import(cd);
	else if (action == EXPORT)
		r = _token_export(cd);
	else {
		log_dbg("Internal token action error.");
		r = -EINVAL;
	}

	crypt_free(cd);

	return r;
}

static struct action_type {
	const char *type;
	int (*handler)(void);
	int required_action_argc;
	int required_memlock;
	const char *arg_desc;
	const char *desc;
} action_types[] = {
	{ "open",         action_open,         1, 1, N_("<device> [--type <type>] [<name>]"),N_("open device as mapping <name>") },
	{ "close",        action_close,        1, 1, N_("<name>"), N_("close device (remove mapping)") },
	{ "resize",       action_resize,       1, 1, N_("<name>"), N_("resize active device") },
	{ "status",       action_status,       1, 0, N_("<name>"), N_("show device status") },
	{ "benchmark",    action_benchmark,    0, 0, N_("[--cipher <cipher>]"), N_("benchmark cipher") },
	{ "repair",       action_luksRepair,   1, 1, N_("<device>"), N_("try to repair on-disk metadata") },
	{ "erase",        action_luksErase ,   1, 1, N_("<device>"), N_("erase all keyslots (remove encryption key)") },
	{ "convert",      action_luksConvert,  1, 1, N_("<device>"), N_("convert LUKS from/to LUKS2 format") },
	{ "config",       action_luksConfig,   1, 1, N_("<device>"), N_("set permanent configuration options for LUKS2") },
	{ "luksFormat",   action_luksFormat,   1, 1, N_("<device> [<new key file>]"), N_("formats a LUKS device") },
	{ "luksAddKey",   action_luksAddKey,   1, 1, N_("<device> [<new key file>]"), N_("add key to LUKS device") },
	{ "luksRemoveKey",action_luksRemoveKey,1, 1, N_("<device> [<key file>]"), N_("removes supplied key or key file from LUKS device") },
	{ "luksChangeKey",action_luksChangeKey,1, 1, N_("<device> [<key file>]"), N_("changes supplied key or key file of LUKS device") },
	{ "luksConvertKey",action_luksConvertKey,1, 1, N_("<device> [<key file>]"), N_("converts a key to new pbkdf parameters") },
	{ "luksKillSlot", action_luksKillSlot, 2, 1, N_("<device> <key slot>"), N_("wipes key with number <key slot> from LUKS device") },
	{ "luksUUID",     action_luksUUID,     1, 0, N_("<device>"), N_("print UUID of LUKS device") },
	{ "isLuks",       action_isLuks,       1, 0, N_("<device>"), N_("tests <device> for LUKS partition header") },
	{ "luksDump",     action_luksDump,     1, 1, N_("<device>"), N_("dump LUKS partition information") },
	{ "tcryptDump",   action_tcryptDump,   1, 1, N_("<device>"), N_("dump TCRYPT device information") },
	{ "luksSuspend",  action_luksSuspend,  1, 1, N_("<device>"), N_("Suspend LUKS device and wipe key (all IOs are frozen)") },
	{ "luksResume",   action_luksResume,   1, 1, N_("<device>"), N_("Resume suspended LUKS device") },
	{ "luksHeaderBackup", action_luksBackup,1,1, N_("<device>"), N_("Backup LUKS device header and keyslots") },
	{ "luksHeaderRestore",action_luksRestore,1,1,N_("<device>"), N_("Restore LUKS device header and keyslots") },
	{ "token",	  action_token,	       2, 0, N_("<add|remove|import|export> <device>"), N_("Manipulate LUKS2 tokens") },
	{}
};

static void help(poptContext popt_context,
		 enum poptCallbackReason reason __attribute__((unused)),
		 struct poptOption *key,
		 const char *arg __attribute__((unused)),
		 void *data __attribute__((unused)))
{
	if (key->shortName == '?') {
		struct action_type *action;
		const struct crypt_pbkdf_type *pbkdf_luks1, *pbkdf_luks2;

		log_std("%s\n",PACKAGE_STRING);

		poptPrintHelp(popt_context, stdout, 0);

		log_std(_("\n"
			 "<action> is one of:\n"));

		for(action = action_types; action->type; action++)
			log_std("\t%s %s - %s\n", action->type, _(action->arg_desc), _(action->desc));

		log_std(_("\n"
			  "You can also use old <action> syntax aliases:\n"
			  "\topen: create (plainOpen), luksOpen, loopaesOpen, tcryptOpen\n"
			  "\tclose: remove (plainClose), luksClose, loopaesClose, tcryptClose\n"));
		log_std(_("\n"
			 "<name> is the device to create under %s\n"
			 "<device> is the encrypted device\n"
			 "<key slot> is the LUKS key slot number to modify\n"
			 "<key file> optional key file for the new key for luksAddKey action\n"),
			crypt_get_dir());

		log_std(_("\nDefault compiled-in metadata format is %s (for luksFormat action).\n"),
			  crypt_get_default_type());

		pbkdf_luks1 = crypt_get_pbkdf_default(CRYPT_LUKS1);
		pbkdf_luks2 = crypt_get_pbkdf_default(CRYPT_LUKS2);
		log_std(_("\nDefault compiled-in key and passphrase parameters:\n"
			 "\tMaximum keyfile size: %dkB, "
			 "Maximum interactive passphrase length %d (characters)\n"
			 "Default PBKDF for LUKS1: %s, iteration time: %d (ms)\n"
			 "Default PBKDF for LUKS2: %s\n"
			 "\tIteration time: %d, Memory required: %dkB, Parallel threads: %d\n"),
			 DEFAULT_KEYFILE_SIZE_MAXKB, DEFAULT_PASSPHRASE_SIZE_MAX,
			 pbkdf_luks1->type,  pbkdf_luks1->time_ms,
			 pbkdf_luks2->type, pbkdf_luks2->time_ms, pbkdf_luks2->max_memory_kb,
			 pbkdf_luks2->parallel_threads);

		log_std(_("\nDefault compiled-in device cipher parameters:\n"
			 "\tloop-AES: %s, Key %d bits\n"
			 "\tplain: %s, Key: %d bits, Password hashing: %s\n"
			 "\tLUKS: %s, Key: %d bits, LUKS header hashing: %s, RNG: %s\n"),
			 DEFAULT_LOOPAES_CIPHER, DEFAULT_LOOPAES_KEYBITS,
			 DEFAULT_CIPHER(PLAIN), DEFAULT_PLAIN_KEYBITS, DEFAULT_PLAIN_HASH,
			 DEFAULT_CIPHER(LUKS1), DEFAULT_LUKS1_KEYBITS, DEFAULT_LUKS1_HASH,
			 DEFAULT_RNG);
#if defined(ENABLE_LUKS_ADJUST_XTS_KEYSIZE) && DEFAULT_LUKS1_KEYBITS != 512
		log_std(_("\tLUKS: Default keysize with XTS mode (two internal keys) will be doubled.\n"));
#endif
		exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
	} else
		usage(popt_context, EXIT_SUCCESS, NULL, NULL);
}

static void help_args(struct action_type *action, poptContext popt_context)
{
	char buf[128];

	snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), _("%s: requires %s as arguments"), action->type, action->arg_desc);
	usage(popt_context, EXIT_FAILURE, buf, poptGetInvocationName(popt_context));
}

static int run_action(struct action_type *action)
{
	int r;

	log_dbg("Running command %s.", action->type);

	if (action->required_memlock)
		crypt_memory_lock(NULL, 1);

	set_int_handler(0);
	r = action->handler();

	if (action->required_memlock)
		crypt_memory_lock(NULL, 0);

	/* Some functions returns keyslot # */
	if (r > 0)
		r = 0;
	check_signal(&r);

	show_status(r);
	return translate_errno(r);
}

static int strcmp_or_null(const char *str, const char *expected)
{
	return !str ? 0 : strcmp(str, expected);
}

int main(int argc, const char **argv)
{
	static char *popt_tmp;
	static struct poptOption popt_help_options[] = {
		{ NULL,    '\0', POPT_ARG_CALLBACK, help, 0, NULL,                         NULL },
		{ "help",  '?',  POPT_ARG_NONE,     NULL, 0, N_("Show this help message"), NULL },
		{ "usage", '\0', POPT_ARG_NONE,     NULL, 0, N_("Display brief usage"),    NULL },
		POPT_TABLEEND
	};
	static struct poptOption popt_options[] = {
		{ NULL,                '\0', POPT_ARG_INCLUDE_TABLE, popt_help_options, 0, N_("Help options:"), NULL },
		{ "version",           '\0', POPT_ARG_NONE, &opt_version_mode,          0, N_("Print package version"), NULL },
		{ "verbose",           'v',  POPT_ARG_NONE, &opt_verbose,               0, N_("Shows more detailed error messages"), NULL },
		{ "debug",             '\0', POPT_ARG_NONE, &opt_debug,                 0, N_("Show debug messages"), NULL },
		{ "debug-json",        '\0', POPT_ARG_NONE, &opt_debug_json,            0, N_("Show debug messages including JSON metadata"), NULL },
		{ "cipher",            'c',  POPT_ARG_STRING, &opt_cipher,              0, N_("The cipher used to encrypt the disk (see /proc/crypto)"), NULL },
		{ "hash",              'h',  POPT_ARG_STRING, &opt_hash,                0, N_("The hash used to create the encryption key from the passphrase"), NULL },
		{ "verify-passphrase", 'y',  POPT_ARG_NONE, &opt_verify_passphrase,     0, N_("Verifies the passphrase by asking for it twice"), NULL },
		{ "key-file",          'd',  POPT_ARG_STRING, &opt_key_file,            6, N_("Read the key from a file"), NULL },
		{ "master-key-file",  '\0',  POPT_ARG_STRING, &opt_master_key_file,     0, N_("Read the volume (master) key from file."), NULL },
		{ "dump-master-key",  '\0',  POPT_ARG_NONE, &opt_dump_master_key,       0, N_("Dump volume (master) key instead of keyslots info"), NULL },
		{ "key-size",          's',  POPT_ARG_INT, &opt_key_size,               0, N_("The size of the encryption key"), N_("BITS") },
		{ "keyfile-size",      'l',  POPT_ARG_LONG, &opt_keyfile_size,          0, N_("Limits the read from keyfile"), N_("bytes") },
		{ "keyfile-offset",   '\0',  POPT_ARG_STRING, &popt_tmp,                4, N_("Number of bytes to skip in keyfile"), N_("bytes") },
		{ "new-keyfile-size", '\0',  POPT_ARG_LONG, &opt_new_keyfile_size,      0, N_("Limits the read from newly added keyfile"), N_("bytes") },
		{ "new-keyfile-offset",'\0', POPT_ARG_STRING, &popt_tmp,                5, N_("Number of bytes to skip in newly added keyfile"), N_("bytes") },
		{ "key-slot",          'S',  POPT_ARG_INT, &opt_key_slot,               0, N_("Slot number for new key (default is first free)"), NULL },
		{ "size",              'b',  POPT_ARG_STRING, &popt_tmp,                1, N_("The size of the device"), N_("SECTORS") },
		{ "offset",            'o',  POPT_ARG_STRING, &popt_tmp,                2, N_("The start offset in the backend device"), N_("SECTORS") },
		{ "skip",              'p',  POPT_ARG_STRING, &popt_tmp,                3, N_("How many sectors of the encrypted data to skip at the beginning"), N_("SECTORS") },
		{ "readonly",          'r',  POPT_ARG_NONE, &opt_readonly,              0, N_("Create a readonly mapping"), NULL },
		{ "batch-mode",        'q',  POPT_ARG_NONE, &opt_batch_mode,            0, N_("Do not ask for confirmation"), NULL },
		{ "timeout",           't',  POPT_ARG_INT, &opt_timeout,                0, N_("Timeout for interactive passphrase prompt (in seconds)"), N_("secs") },
		{ "progress-frequency",'\0', POPT_ARG_INT, &opt_progress_frequency,     0, N_("Progress line update (in seconds)"), N_("secs") },
		{ "tries",             'T',  POPT_ARG_INT, &opt_tries,                  0, N_("How often the input of the passphrase can be retried"), NULL },
		{ "align-payload",     '\0', POPT_ARG_INT, &opt_align_payload,          0, N_("Align payload at <n> sector boundaries - for luksFormat"), N_("SECTORS") },
		{ "header-backup-file",'\0', POPT_ARG_STRING, &opt_header_backup_file,  0, N_("File with LUKS header and keyslots backup"), NULL },
		{ "use-random",        '\0', POPT_ARG_NONE, &opt_random,                0, N_("Use /dev/random for generating volume key"), NULL },
		{ "use-urandom",       '\0', POPT_ARG_NONE, &opt_urandom,               0, N_("Use /dev/urandom for generating volume key"), NULL },
		{ "shared",            '\0', POPT_ARG_NONE, &opt_shared,                0, N_("Share device with another non-overlapping crypt segment"), NULL },
		{ "uuid",              '\0', POPT_ARG_STRING, &opt_uuid,                0, N_("UUID for device to use"), NULL },
		{ "allow-discards",    '\0', POPT_ARG_NONE, &opt_allow_discards,        0, N_("Allow discards (aka TRIM) requests for device"), NULL },
		{ "header",            '\0', POPT_ARG_STRING, &opt_header_device,       0, N_("Device or file with separated LUKS header"), NULL },
		{ "test-passphrase",   '\0', POPT_ARG_NONE, &opt_test_passphrase,       0, N_("Do not activate device, just check passphrase"), NULL },
		{ "tcrypt-hidden",     '\0', POPT_ARG_NONE, &opt_tcrypt_hidden,         0, N_("Use hidden header (hidden TCRYPT device)"), NULL },
		{ "tcrypt-system",     '\0', POPT_ARG_NONE, &opt_tcrypt_system,         0, N_("Device is system TCRYPT drive (with bootloader)"), NULL },
		{ "tcrypt-backup",     '\0', POPT_ARG_NONE, &opt_tcrypt_backup,         0, N_("Use backup (secondary) TCRYPT header"), NULL },
		{ "veracrypt",         '\0', POPT_ARG_NONE, &opt_veracrypt,             0, N_("Scan also for VeraCrypt compatible device"), NULL },
		{ "veracrypt-pim",     '\0', POPT_ARG_INT, &opt_veracrypt_pim,          0, N_("Personal Iteration Multiplier for VeraCrypt compatible device"), NULL },
		{ "veracrypt-query-pim", '\0', POPT_ARG_NONE, &opt_veracrypt_query_pim, 0, N_("Query Personal Iteration Multiplier for VeraCrypt compatible device"), NULL },
		{ "type",               'M', POPT_ARG_STRING, &opt_type,                0, N_("Type of device metadata: luks, plain, loopaes, tcrypt"), NULL },
		{ "force-password",    '\0', POPT_ARG_NONE, &opt_force_password,        0, N_("Disable password quality check (if enabled)"), NULL },
		{ "perf-same_cpu_crypt",'\0', POPT_ARG_NONE, &opt_perf_same_cpu_crypt,  0, N_("Use dm-crypt same_cpu_crypt performance compatibility option"), NULL },
		{ "perf-submit_from_crypt_cpus",'\0', POPT_ARG_NONE, &opt_perf_submit_from_crypt_cpus,0,N_("Use dm-crypt submit_from_crypt_cpus performance compatibility option"), NULL },
		{ "deferred",          '\0', POPT_ARG_NONE, &opt_deferred_remove,       0, N_("Device removal is deferred until the last user closes it"), NULL },
		{ "iter-time",         'i',  POPT_ARG_INT, &opt_iteration_time,         0, N_("PBKDF iteration time for LUKS (in ms)"), N_("msecs") },
		{ "pbkdf",             '\0', POPT_ARG_STRING, &opt_pbkdf,               0, N_("PBKDF algorithm (for LUKS2): argon2i, argon2id, pbkdf2"), NULL },
		{ "pbkdf-memory",      '\0', POPT_ARG_LONG, &opt_pbkdf_memory,          0, N_("PBKDF memory cost limit"), N_("kilobytes") },
		{ "pbkdf-parallel",    '\0', POPT_ARG_LONG, &opt_pbkdf_parallel,        0, N_("PBKDF parallel cost"), N_("threads") },
		{ "pbkdf-force-iterations",'\0',POPT_ARG_LONG, &opt_pbkdf_iterations,   0, N_("PBKDF iterations cost (forced, disables benchmark)"), NULL },
		{ "priority",          '\0', POPT_ARG_STRING, &opt_priority,            0, N_("Keyslot priority: ignore, normal, prefer"), NULL },
		{ "disable-locks",     '\0', POPT_ARG_NONE, &opt_disable_locks,         0, N_("Disable locking of on-disk metadata"), NULL },
		{ "disable-keyring",   '\0', POPT_ARG_NONE, &opt_disable_keyring,       0, N_("Disable loading volume keys via kernel keyring"), NULL },
		{ "integrity",          'I', POPT_ARG_STRING, &opt_integrity,           0, N_("Data integrity algorithm (LUKS2 only)"), NULL },
		{ "integrity-no-journal",'\0',POPT_ARG_NONE, &opt_integrity_nojournal,  0, N_("Disable journal for integrity device"), NULL },
		{ "integrity-no-wipe", '\0', POPT_ARG_NONE, &opt_integrity_no_wipe,     0, N_("Do not wipe device after format"), NULL },
		{ "token-only",        '\0', POPT_ARG_NONE, &opt_token_only,            0, N_("Do not ask for passphrase if activation by token fails"), NULL },
		{ "token-id",          '\0', POPT_ARG_INT, &opt_token,                  0, N_("Token number (default: any)"), NULL },
		{ "key-description",   '\0', POPT_ARG_STRING, &opt_key_description,     0, N_("Key description"), NULL },
		{ "sector-size",       '\0', POPT_ARG_INT, &opt_sector_size,            0, N_("Encryption sector size (default: 512 bytes)"), NULL },
		{ "persistent",	       '\0', POPT_ARG_NONE, &opt_persistent,            0, N_("Set activation flags persistent for device"), NULL },
		{ "label",	       '\0', POPT_ARG_STRING, &opt_label,               0, N_("Set label for the LUKS2 device"), NULL },
		{ "subsystem",	       '\0', POPT_ARG_STRING, &opt_subsystem,           0, N_("Set subsystem label for the LUKS2 device"), NULL },
		{ "unbound",           '\0', POPT_ARG_NONE, &opt_unbound,               0, N_("Create unbound (no assigned data segment) LUKS2 keyslot"), NULL },
		{ "json-file",	       '\0', POPT_ARG_STRING, &opt_json_file,           0, N_("Read or write the json from or to a file"), NULL },
		{ "luks2-metadata-size",'\0',POPT_ARG_STRING,&opt_luks2_metadata_size_str,0,N_("LUKS2 header metadata area size"), N_("bytes") },
		{ "luks2-keyslots-size",'\0',POPT_ARG_STRING,&opt_luks2_keyslots_size_str,0,N_("LUKS2 header keyslots area size"), N_("bytes") },
		{ "refresh",           '\0', POPT_ARG_NONE, &opt_refresh,               0, N_("Refresh (reactivate) device with new parameters"), NULL },
		{ "keyslot-key-size",  '\0', POPT_ARG_INT, &opt_keyslot_key_size,       0, N_("LUKS2 keyslot: The size of the encryption key"), N_("BITS") },
		{ "keyslot-cipher",    '\0', POPT_ARG_STRING, &opt_keyslot_cipher,      0, N_("LUKS2 keyslot: The cipher used for keyslot encryption"), NULL },
		POPT_TABLEEND
	};
	poptContext popt_context;
	struct action_type *action;
	const char *aname;
	int r, total_keyfiles = 0;

	crypt_set_log_callback(NULL, tool_log, NULL);

	setlocale(LC_ALL, "");
	bindtextdomain(PACKAGE, LOCALEDIR);
	textdomain(PACKAGE);

	popt_context = poptGetContext(PACKAGE, argc, argv, popt_options, 0);
	poptSetOtherOptionHelp(popt_context,
	                       _("[OPTION...] <action> <action-specific>"));

	while((r = poptGetNextOpt(popt_context)) > 0) {
		unsigned long long ull_value;
		char *endp;

		if (r == 6) {
			const char *kf = poptGetOptArg(popt_context);
			if (tools_is_stdin(kf))
				opt_keyfile_stdin = kf;
			else if (opt_keyfiles_count < MAX_KEYFILES)
				opt_keyfiles[opt_keyfiles_count++] = kf;
			total_keyfiles++;
			continue;
		}

		errno = 0;
		ull_value = strtoull(popt_tmp, &endp, 0);
		if (*endp || !*popt_tmp || !isdigit(*popt_tmp) ||
		    (errno == ERANGE && ull_value == ULLONG_MAX) ||
		    (errno != 0 && ull_value == 0))
			r = POPT_ERROR_BADNUMBER;

		switch(r) {
			case 1:
				opt_size = ull_value;
				break;
			case 2:
				opt_offset = ull_value;
				break;
			case 3:
				opt_skip = ull_value;
				opt_skip_valid = 1;
				break;
			case 4:
				opt_keyfile_offset = ull_value;
				break;
			case 5:
				opt_new_keyfile_offset = ull_value;
				break;
		}

		if (r < 0)
			break;
	}

	if (r < -1)
		usage(popt_context, EXIT_FAILURE, poptStrerror(r),
		      poptBadOption(popt_context, POPT_BADOPTION_NOALIAS));

	if (opt_version_mode) {
		log_std("%s %s\n", PACKAGE_NAME, PACKAGE_VERSION);
		poptFreeContext(popt_context);
		exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
	}

	if (!(aname = poptGetArg(popt_context)))
		usage(popt_context, EXIT_FAILURE, _("Argument <action> missing."),
		      poptGetInvocationName(popt_context));

	action_argc = 0;
	action_argv = poptGetArgs(popt_context);
	/* Make return values of poptGetArgs more consistent in case of remaining argc = 0 */
	if(!action_argv)
		action_argv = null_action_argv;

	/* Count args, somewhat unnice, change? */
	while(action_argv[action_argc] != NULL)
		action_argc++;

	/* Handle aliases */
	if (!strcmp(aname, "create")) {
		/* create command had historically switched arguments */
		if (action_argv[0] && action_argv[1]) {
			const char *tmp = action_argv[0];
			action_argv[0] = action_argv[1];
			action_argv[1] = tmp;
		}
		aname = "open";
		opt_type = "plain";
	} else if (!strcmp(aname, "plainOpen")) {
		aname = "open";
		opt_type = "plain";
	} else if (!strcmp(aname, "luksOpen")) {
		aname = "open";
		opt_type = "luks";
	} else if (!strcmp(aname, "loopaesOpen")) {
		aname = "open";
		opt_type = "loopaes";
	} else if (!strcmp(aname, "tcryptOpen")) {
		aname = "open";
		opt_type = "tcrypt";
	} else if (!strcmp(aname, "tcryptDump")) {
		opt_type = "tcrypt";
	} else if (!strcmp(aname, "remove") ||
		   !strcmp(aname, "plainClose") ||
		   !strcmp(aname, "luksClose") ||
		   !strcmp(aname, "loopaesClose") ||
		   !strcmp(aname, "tcryptClose")) {
		aname = "close";
	} else if (!strcmp(aname, "luksErase")) {
		aname = "erase";
		opt_type = "luks";
	} else if (!strcmp(aname, "luksConfig")) {
		aname = "config";
		opt_type = "luks2";
	} else if (!strcmp(aname, "refresh")) {
		aname = "open";
		opt_refresh = 1;
	}

	/* ignore user supplied type and query device type instead */
	if (opt_refresh)
		opt_type = NULL;

	for(action = action_types; action->type; action++)
		if (strcmp(action->type, aname) == 0)
			break;

	if (!action->type)
		usage(popt_context, EXIT_FAILURE, _("Unknown action."),
		      poptGetInvocationName(popt_context));

	if (action_argc < action->required_action_argc)
		help_args(action, popt_context);

	/* FIXME: rewrite this from scratch */

	if (opt_refresh && strcmp(aname, "open"))
		usage(popt_context, EXIT_FAILURE,
		      _("Parameter --refresh is only allowed with open or refresh commands.\n"),
		      poptGetInvocationName(popt_context));

	if (opt_refresh && opt_test_passphrase)
		usage(popt_context, EXIT_FAILURE,
		      _("Options --refresh and --test-passphrase are mutually exclusive.\n"),
		      poptGetInvocationName(popt_context));

	if (opt_deferred_remove && strcmp(aname, "close"))
		usage(popt_context, EXIT_FAILURE,
		      _("Option --deferred is allowed only for close command.\n"),
		      poptGetInvocationName(popt_context));

	if (opt_shared && (strcmp(aname, "open") || strcmp_or_null(opt_type, "plain")))
		usage(popt_context, EXIT_FAILURE,
		      _("Option --shared is allowed only for open of plain device.\n"),
		      poptGetInvocationName(popt_context));

	if (opt_allow_discards && strcmp(aname, "open"))
		usage(popt_context, EXIT_FAILURE,
		      _("Option --allow-discards is allowed only for open operation.\n"),
		      poptGetInvocationName(popt_context));

	if (opt_persistent && strcmp(aname, "open"))
		usage(popt_context, EXIT_FAILURE,
		      _("Option --persistent is allowed only for open operation.\n"),
		      poptGetInvocationName(popt_context));

	if (opt_persistent && opt_test_passphrase)
		usage(popt_context, EXIT_FAILURE,
		      _("Option --persistent is not allowed with --test-passphrase.\n"),
		      poptGetInvocationName(popt_context));

	if (opt_key_size &&
	   strcmp(aname, "luksFormat") &&
	   strcmp(aname, "open") &&
	   strcmp(aname, "benchmark") &&
	   (strcmp(aname, "luksAddKey") || !opt_unbound))
		usage(popt_context, EXIT_FAILURE,
		      _("Option --key-size is allowed only for luksFormat, luksAddKey (with --unbound),\n"
			"open and benchmark actions. To limit read from keyfile use --keyfile-size=(bytes)."),
		      poptGetInvocationName(popt_context));

	if (opt_integrity && strcmp(aname, "luksFormat"))
		usage(popt_context, EXIT_FAILURE,
		      _("Option --integrity is allowed only for luksFormat (LUKS2).\n"),
		      poptGetInvocationName(popt_context));

	if (opt_integrity_no_wipe && !opt_integrity)
		usage(popt_context, EXIT_FAILURE,
		      _("Option --integrity-no-wipe"
		        " can be used only for format action with integrity extension.\n"),
		      poptGetInvocationName(popt_context));

	if ((opt_label || opt_subsystem) && strcmp(aname, "luksFormat") && strcmp(aname, "config"))
		usage(popt_context, EXIT_FAILURE,
		      _("Options --label and --subsystem are allowed only for luksFormat and config LUKS2 operations.\n"),
		      poptGetInvocationName(popt_context));

	if (opt_test_passphrase && (strcmp(aname, "open") || !opt_type ||
	    (strncmp(opt_type, "luks", 4) && strcmp(opt_type, "tcrypt"))))
		usage(popt_context, EXIT_FAILURE,
		      _("Option --test-passphrase is allowed only for open of LUKS and TCRYPT devices.\n"),
		      poptGetInvocationName(popt_context));

	if (opt_key_size % 8 || opt_keyslot_key_size % 8)
		usage(popt_context, EXIT_FAILURE,
		      _("Key size must be a multiple of 8 bits"),
		      poptGetInvocationName(popt_context));

	if (!strcmp(aname, "luksKillSlot") && action_argc > 1)
		opt_key_slot = atoi(action_argv[1]);
	if (opt_key_slot != CRYPT_ANY_SLOT && opt_key_slot < 0)
		usage(popt_context, EXIT_FAILURE, _("Key slot is invalid."),
		      poptGetInvocationName(popt_context));

	if ((!strcmp(aname, "luksRemoveKey") ||
	     !strcmp(aname, "luksFormat")) &&
	     action_argc > 1) {
		if (opt_key_file)
			log_err(_("Option --key-file takes precedence over specified key file argument."));
		else
			opt_key_file = action_argv[1];
	}

	if (opt_keyfile_size < 0 || opt_new_keyfile_size < 0 || opt_key_size < 0)
		usage(popt_context, EXIT_FAILURE,
		      _("Negative number for option not permitted."),
		      poptGetInvocationName(popt_context));

	if (total_keyfiles > 1 && (strcmp_or_null(opt_type, "tcrypt")))
		usage(popt_context, EXIT_FAILURE, _("Only one --key-file argument is allowed."),
		      poptGetInvocationName(popt_context));

	if (opt_random && opt_urandom)
		usage(popt_context, EXIT_FAILURE, _("Only one of --use-[u]random options is allowed."),
		      poptGetInvocationName(popt_context));

	if ((opt_random || opt_urandom) && strcmp(aname, "luksFormat"))
		usage(popt_context, EXIT_FAILURE, _("Option --use-[u]random is allowed only for luksFormat."),
		      poptGetInvocationName(popt_context));

	if (opt_uuid && strcmp(aname, "luksFormat") && strcmp(aname, "luksUUID"))
		usage(popt_context, EXIT_FAILURE, _("Option --uuid is allowed only for luksFormat and luksUUID."),
		      poptGetInvocationName(popt_context));

	if (opt_align_payload && strcmp(aname, "luksFormat"))
		usage(popt_context, EXIT_FAILURE, _("Option --align-payload is allowed only for luksFormat."),
		      poptGetInvocationName(popt_context));

	if ((opt_luks2_metadata_size_str || opt_luks2_keyslots_size_str) && strcmp(aname, "luksFormat"))
		usage(popt_context, EXIT_FAILURE, _("Options --luks2-metadata-size and --opt-luks2-keyslots-size "
		"are allowed only for luksFormat with LUKS2."),
		      poptGetInvocationName(popt_context));
	if (opt_luks2_metadata_size_str &&
	    tools_string_to_size(NULL, opt_luks2_metadata_size_str, &opt_luks2_metadata_size))
		usage(popt_context, EXIT_FAILURE, _("Invalid LUKS2 metadata size specification."),
		      poptGetInvocationName(popt_context));
	if (opt_luks2_keyslots_size_str &&
	    tools_string_to_size(NULL, opt_luks2_keyslots_size_str, &opt_luks2_keyslots_size))
		usage(popt_context, EXIT_FAILURE, _("Invalid LUKS2 keyslots size specification."),
		      poptGetInvocationName(popt_context));

	if (opt_align_payload && opt_offset)
		usage(popt_context, EXIT_FAILURE, _("Options --align-payload and --offset cannot be combined."),
		      poptGetInvocationName(popt_context));

	if (opt_skip && (strcmp(aname, "open") ||
	    (strcmp_or_null(opt_type, "plain") && strcmp(opt_type, "loopaes"))))
		usage(popt_context, EXIT_FAILURE,
		_("Option --skip is supported only for open of plain and loopaes devices.\n"),
		poptGetInvocationName(popt_context));

	if (opt_offset && ((strcmp(aname, "open") && strcmp(aname, "luksFormat")) ||
	    (!strcmp(aname, "open") && strcmp_or_null(opt_type, "plain") && strcmp(opt_type, "loopaes")) ||
	    (!strcmp(aname, "luksFormat") && opt_type && strncmp(opt_type, "luks", 4))))
		usage(popt_context, EXIT_FAILURE,
		_("Option --offset is supported only for open of plain and loopaes devices and for luksFormat.\n"),
		poptGetInvocationName(popt_context));

	if ((opt_tcrypt_hidden || opt_tcrypt_system || opt_tcrypt_backup) && strcmp(aname, "tcryptDump") &&
	    (strcmp(aname, "open") || !opt_type || strcmp(opt_type, "tcrypt")))
		usage(popt_context, EXIT_FAILURE,
		_("Option --tcrypt-hidden, --tcrypt-system or --tcrypt-backup is supported only for TCRYPT device.\n"),
		poptGetInvocationName(popt_context));

	if (opt_tcrypt_hidden && opt_allow_discards)
		usage(popt_context, EXIT_FAILURE,
		_("Option --tcrypt-hidden cannot be combined with --allow-discards.\n"),
		poptGetInvocationName(popt_context));

	if (opt_veracrypt && (!opt_type || strcmp(opt_type, "tcrypt")))
		usage(popt_context, EXIT_FAILURE,
		_("Option --veracrypt is supported only for TCRYPT device type.\n"),
		poptGetInvocationName(popt_context));

	if (opt_veracrypt_pim != -1) {
		if (opt_veracrypt_pim < -1) {
			usage(popt_context, EXIT_FAILURE,
			_("Invalid argument for parameter --veracrypt-pim supplied.\n"),
			poptGetInvocationName(popt_context));
		} else if (!opt_veracrypt) {
			usage(popt_context, EXIT_FAILURE,
			_("Option --veracrypt-pim is supported only for VeraCrypt compatible devices.\n"),
			poptGetInvocationName(popt_context));
		}
	}

	if (opt_veracrypt_query_pim) {
		if (!opt_veracrypt) {
			usage(popt_context, EXIT_FAILURE,
			_("Option --veracrypt-query-pim is supported only for VeraCrypt compatible devices.\n"),
			poptGetInvocationName(popt_context));
		} else if (opt_veracrypt_pim != -1) {
			usage(popt_context, EXIT_FAILURE,
			_("The options --veracrypt-pim and --veracrypt-query-pim are mutually exclusive.\n"),
			poptGetInvocationName(popt_context));
		}
	}

	if (opt_priority && strcmp(opt_priority, "normal") && strcmp(opt_priority, "prefer") && strcmp(opt_priority, "ignore"))
		usage(popt_context, EXIT_FAILURE,
		_("Option --priority can be only ignore/normal/prefer.\n"),
		poptGetInvocationName(popt_context));

	if (!strcmp(aname, "config") && opt_priority && opt_key_slot == CRYPT_ANY_SLOT)
		usage(popt_context, EXIT_FAILURE,
		_("Keyslot specification is required.\n"),
		poptGetInvocationName(popt_context));

	if (opt_pbkdf && crypt_parse_pbkdf(opt_pbkdf, &opt_pbkdf))
		usage(popt_context, EXIT_FAILURE,
		_("Password-based key derivation function (PBKDF) can be only pbkdf2 or argon2i/argon2id.\n"),
		poptGetInvocationName(popt_context));

	if (opt_pbkdf_iterations && opt_iteration_time)
		usage(popt_context, EXIT_FAILURE,
		_("PBKDF forced iterations cannot be combined with iteration time option.\n"),
		poptGetInvocationName(popt_context));

	if (opt_sector_size != SECTOR_SIZE && strcmp(aname, "luksFormat") &&
	    (strcmp(aname, "open") || strcmp_or_null(opt_type, "plain")))
		usage(popt_context, EXIT_FAILURE,
		      _("Sector size option is not supported for this command.\n"),
		      poptGetInvocationName(popt_context));

	if (opt_sector_size < SECTOR_SIZE || opt_sector_size > MAX_SECTOR_SIZE ||
	    (opt_sector_size & (opt_sector_size - 1)))
		usage(popt_context, EXIT_FAILURE,
		      _("Unsupported encryption sector size.\n"),
		      poptGetInvocationName(popt_context));

	if (opt_unbound && !opt_key_size)
		usage(popt_context, EXIT_FAILURE,
		      _("Key size is required with --unbound option.\n"),
		      poptGetInvocationName(popt_context));

	if (opt_unbound && strcmp(aname, "luksAddKey"))
		usage(popt_context, EXIT_FAILURE,
		      _("Option --unbound may be used only with luksAddKey action.\n"),
		      poptGetInvocationName(popt_context));

	if (opt_refresh && strcmp(aname, "open"))
		usage(popt_context, EXIT_FAILURE,
		      _("Option --refresh may be used only with open action.\n"),
		      poptGetInvocationName(popt_context));

	if (opt_debug || opt_debug_json) {
		opt_debug = 1;
		opt_verbose = 1;
		crypt_set_debug_level(opt_debug_json? CRYPT_DEBUG_JSON : CRYPT_DEBUG_ALL);
		dbg_version_and_cmd(argc, argv);
	}

	if (opt_disable_locks && crypt_metadata_locking(NULL, 0)) {
		log_std(_("Cannot disable metadata locking.\n"));
		poptFreeContext(popt_context);
		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
	}

	if (opt_disable_keyring)
		(void) crypt_volume_key_keyring(NULL, 0);

	r = run_action(action);
	poptFreeContext(popt_context);
	return r;
}