path: root/lib/utils.c

/*  Copyright (C) 2014-2017 CZ.NIC, z.s.p.o. <knot-dns@labs.nic.cz>

    This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
    (at your option) any later version.

    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
    GNU General Public License for more details.

    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
    along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 */

#include <stdarg.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <contrib/cleanup.h>
#include <contrib/ccan/asprintf/asprintf.h>
#include <ucw/mempool.h>
#include <gnutls/gnutls.h>
#include <libknot/descriptor.h>
#include <libknot/dname.h>
#include <libknot/rrtype/rrsig.h>
#include <libknot/rrset-dump.h>
#include <libknot/version.h>
#include <uv.h>

#include "lib/defines.h"
#include "lib/utils.h"
#include "lib/generic/array.h"
#include "lib/nsrep.h"
#include "lib/module.h"
#include "lib/resolve.h"


/* Always compile-in log symbols, even if disabled. */
#undef kr_verbose_status
#undef kr_verbose_set
#undef kr_log_verbose

/* Logging & debugging */
bool kr_verbose_status = false;

void *mm_realloc(knot_mm_t *mm, void *what, size_t size, size_t prev_size)
{
	if (mm) {
		void *p = mm->alloc(mm->ctx, size);
		if (p == NULL) {
			return NULL;
		} else {
			if (what) {
				memcpy(p, what,
				       prev_size < size ? prev_size : size);
			}
			mm_free(mm, what);
			return p;
		}
	} else {
		return realloc(what, size);
	}
}

void *mm_malloc(void *ctx, size_t n)
{
	(void)ctx;
	return malloc(n);
}

/*
 * Macros.
 */
#define strlen_safe(x) ((x) ? strlen(x) : 0)

/**
 * @internal Convert 16bit unsigned to string, keeps leading spaces.
 * @note Always fills dst length = 5
 * Credit: http://computer-programming-forum.com/46-asm/7aa4b50bce8dd985.htm
 */
static inline int u16tostr(uint8_t *dst, uint16_t num)
{
	uint32_t tmp = num * (((1 << 28) / 10000) + 1) - (num / 4);
	for(size_t i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
		dst[i] = '0' + (char) (tmp >> 28);
		tmp = (tmp & 0x0fffffff) * 10;
	}
	return 5;
}

/*
 * Cleanup callbacks.
 */

static void kres_gnutls_log(int level, const char *message)
{
	kr_log_verbose("[gnutls] (%d) %s", level, message);
}

bool kr_verbose_set(bool status)
{
#ifndef NOVERBOSELOG
	kr_verbose_status = status;

	/* gnutls logs messages related to our TLS and also libdnssec,
	 * and the logging is set up in a global way only */
	if (status) {
		gnutls_global_set_log_function(kres_gnutls_log);
	}
	gnutls_global_set_log_level(status ? 5 : 0);
#endif
	return kr_verbose_status;
}

void kr_log_verbose(const char *fmt, ...)
{
	if (kr_verbose_status) {
		va_list args;
		va_start(args, fmt);
		vprintf(fmt, args);
		va_end(args);
		fflush(stdout);
	}
}

void kr_log_qverbose_impl(const struct kr_query *qry, const char *cls, const char *fmt, ...)
{
	unsigned ind = 0;
	for (const struct kr_query *q = qry; q; q = q->parent)
		ind += 2;
	uint32_t qry_uid = qry ? qry->uid : 0;
	uint32_t req_uid = qry && qry->request ? qry->request->uid : 0;
	/* Simplified kr_log_verbose() calls, first prefix then passed fmt...
	 * Calling it would take about the same amount of code. */
	printf("[%05u.%02u][%s] %*s", req_uid, qry_uid, cls, ind, "");
	va_list args;
	va_start(args, fmt);
	vprintf(fmt, args);
	va_end(args);
	fflush(stdout);
}

bool kr_log_trace(const struct kr_query *query, const char *source, const char *fmt, ...)
{
	if (!kr_log_trace_enabled(query)) {
		return false;
	}

	auto_free char *msg = NULL;

	va_list args;
	va_start(args, fmt);
	int len = vasprintf(&msg, fmt, args);
	va_end(args);

	/* Check formatting result before logging */
	if (len < 0) {
		return false;
	}

	query->request->trace_log(query, source, msg);
	return true;
}

char* kr_strcatdup(unsigned n, ...)
{
	if (n < 1) {
		return NULL;
	}

	/* Calculate total length */
	size_t total_len = 0;
	va_list vl;
	va_start(vl, n);
	for (unsigned i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
		char *item = va_arg(vl, char *);
		const size_t new_len = total_len + strlen_safe(item);
		if (unlikely(new_len < total_len)) {
			va_end(vl);
			return NULL;
		}
		total_len = new_len;
	}
	va_end(vl);

	/* Allocate result and fill */
	char *result = NULL;
	if (total_len > 0) {
		if (unlikely(total_len + 1 == 0)) return NULL;
		result = malloc(total_len + 1);
	}
	if (result) {
		char *stream = result;
		va_start(vl, n);
		for (unsigned i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
			char *item = va_arg(vl, char *);
			if (item) {
				size_t len = strlen(item);
				memcpy(stream, item, len + 1);
				stream += len;
			}
		}
		va_end(vl);
	}

	return result;
}

int kr_memreserve(void *baton, char **mem, size_t elm_size, size_t want, size_t *have)
{
    if (*have >= want) {
        return 0;
    } else {
        knot_mm_t *pool = baton;
        size_t next_size = array_next_count(want);
        void *mem_new = mm_alloc(pool, next_size * elm_size);
        if (mem_new != NULL) {
            memcpy(mem_new, *mem, (*have)*(elm_size));
            mm_free(pool, *mem);
            *mem = mem_new;
            *have = next_size;
            return 0;
        }
    }
    return -1;
}

static int pkt_recycle(knot_pkt_t *pkt, bool keep_question)
{
	/* The maximum size of a header + query name + (class, type) */
	uint8_t buf[KNOT_WIRE_HEADER_SIZE + KNOT_DNAME_MAXLEN + 2 * sizeof(uint16_t)];

	/* Save header and the question section */
	size_t base_size = KNOT_WIRE_HEADER_SIZE;
	if (keep_question) {
		base_size += knot_pkt_question_size(pkt);
	}
	assert(base_size <= sizeof(buf));
	memcpy(buf, pkt->wire, base_size);

	/* Clear the packet and its auxiliary structures */
	knot_pkt_clear(pkt);

	/* Restore header and question section and clear counters */
	pkt->size = base_size;
	memcpy(pkt->wire, buf, base_size);
	knot_wire_set_qdcount(pkt->wire, keep_question);
	knot_wire_set_ancount(pkt->wire, 0);
	knot_wire_set_nscount(pkt->wire, 0);
	knot_wire_set_arcount(pkt->wire, 0);

	/* Reparse question */
	knot_pkt_begin(pkt, KNOT_ANSWER);
	return knot_pkt_parse_question(pkt);
}

int kr_pkt_recycle(knot_pkt_t *pkt)
{
	return pkt_recycle(pkt, false);
}

int kr_pkt_clear_payload(knot_pkt_t *pkt)
{
	return pkt_recycle(pkt, knot_wire_get_qdcount(pkt->wire));
}

int kr_pkt_put(knot_pkt_t *pkt, const knot_dname_t *name, uint32_t ttl,
               uint16_t rclass, uint16_t rtype, const uint8_t *rdata, uint16_t rdlen)
{
	/* LATER(opt.): there's relatively lots of copying, but ATM kr_pkt_put()
	 * isn't considered to be used in any performance-critical parts (just lua). */
	if (!pkt || !name)  {
		return kr_error(EINVAL);
	}
	/* Create empty RR */
	knot_rrset_t rr;
	knot_rrset_init(&rr, knot_dname_copy(name, &pkt->mm), rtype, rclass, ttl);
	/* Create RDATA */
	knot_rdata_t *rdata_tmp = mm_alloc(&pkt->mm, offsetof(knot_rdata_t, data) + rdlen);
	knot_rdata_init(rdata_tmp, rdlen, rdata);
	knot_rdataset_add(&rr.rrs, rdata_tmp, &pkt->mm);
	mm_free(&pkt->mm, rdata_tmp); /* we're always on mempool for now, but whatever */
	/* Append RR */
	return knot_pkt_put(pkt, 0, &rr, KNOT_PF_FREE);
}

void kr_pkt_make_auth_header(knot_pkt_t *pkt)
{
	assert(pkt && pkt->wire);
	knot_wire_clear_ad(pkt->wire);
	knot_wire_set_aa(pkt->wire);
}

const char *kr_inaddr(const struct sockaddr *addr)
{
	if (!addr) {
		return NULL;
	}
	switch (addr->sa_family) {
	case AF_INET:  return (const char *)&(((const struct sockaddr_in *)addr)->sin_addr);
	case AF_INET6: return (const char *)&(((const struct sockaddr_in6 *)addr)->sin6_addr);
	default:       return NULL;
	}
}

int kr_inaddr_family(const struct sockaddr *addr)
{
	if (!addr)
		return AF_UNSPEC;
	return addr->sa_family;
}

int kr_inaddr_len(const struct sockaddr *addr)
{
	if (!addr) {
		return kr_error(EINVAL);
	}
	return kr_family_len(addr->sa_family);
}

int kr_sockaddr_len(const struct sockaddr *addr)
{
	if (!addr) {
		return kr_error(EINVAL);
	}
	switch (addr->sa_family) {
	case AF_INET:  return sizeof(struct sockaddr_in);
	case AF_INET6: return sizeof(struct sockaddr_in6);
	default:       return kr_error(EINVAL);
	}
}

int kr_sockaddr_cmp(const struct sockaddr *left, const struct sockaddr *right)
{
	if (!left || !right) {
		return kr_error(EINVAL);
	}
	if (left->sa_family != right->sa_family) {
		return kr_error(EFAULT);
	}
	if (left->sa_family == AF_INET) {
		struct sockaddr_in *left_in = (struct sockaddr_in *)left;
		struct sockaddr_in *right_in = (struct sockaddr_in *)right;
		if (left_in->sin_addr.s_addr != right_in->sin_addr.s_addr) {
			return kr_error(EFAULT);
		}
		if (left_in->sin_port != right_in->sin_port) {
			return kr_error(EFAULT);
		}
	} else if (left->sa_family == AF_INET6) {
		struct sockaddr_in6 *left_in6 = (struct sockaddr_in6 *)left;
		struct sockaddr_in6 *right_in6 = (struct sockaddr_in6 *)right;
		if (memcmp(&left_in6->sin6_addr, &right_in6->sin6_addr,
			   sizeof(struct in6_addr)) != 0) {
			return kr_error(EFAULT);
		}
		if (left_in6->sin6_port != right_in6->sin6_port) {
			return kr_error(EFAULT);
		}
	} else {
		return kr_error(ENOENT);
	}
	return kr_ok();
}

uint16_t kr_inaddr_port(const struct sockaddr *addr)
{
	if (!addr) {
		return 0;
	}
	switch (addr->sa_family) {
	case AF_INET:  return ntohs(((const struct sockaddr_in *)addr)->sin_port);
	case AF_INET6: return ntohs(((const struct sockaddr_in6 *)addr)->sin6_port);
	default:       return 0;
	}
}

void kr_inaddr_set_port(struct sockaddr *addr, uint16_t port)
{
	if (!addr) {
		return;
	}
	switch (addr->sa_family) {
	case AF_INET:  ((struct sockaddr_in *)addr)->sin_port = htons(port);
	case AF_INET6: ((struct sockaddr_in6 *)addr)->sin6_port = htons(port);
	default: break;
	}
}

int kr_inaddr_str(const struct sockaddr *addr, char *buf, size_t *buflen)
{
	if (!addr || !buf || !buflen) {
		return kr_error(EINVAL);
	}

	if (!inet_ntop(addr->sa_family, kr_inaddr(addr), buf, *buflen)) {
		return kr_error(errno);
	}
	const int len = strlen(buf);
	const int len_need = len + 1 + 5 + 1;
	if (len_need > *buflen) {
		*buflen = len_need;
		return kr_error(ENOSPC);
	}
	*buflen = len_need;
	buf[len] = '#';
	u16tostr((uint8_t *)&buf[len + 1], kr_inaddr_port(addr));
	buf[len_need - 1] = 0;
	return kr_ok();
}

int kr_straddr_family(const char *addr)
{
	if (!addr) {
		return kr_error(EINVAL);
	}
	if (strchr(addr, ':')) {
		return AF_INET6;
	}
	return AF_INET;
}

int kr_family_len(int family)
{
	switch (family) {
	case AF_INET:  return sizeof(struct in_addr);
	case AF_INET6: return sizeof(struct in6_addr);
	default:       return kr_error(EINVAL);
	}
}

struct sockaddr * kr_straddr_socket(const char *addr, int port)
{
	switch (kr_straddr_family(addr)) {
	case AF_INET: {
		struct sockaddr_in *res = malloc(sizeof(*res));
		if (uv_ip4_addr(addr, port, res) >= 0) {
			return (struct sockaddr *)res;
		} else {
			free(res);
			return NULL;
		}
	}
	case AF_INET6: {
		struct sockaddr_in6 *res = malloc(sizeof(*res));
		if (uv_ip6_addr(addr, port, res) >= 0) {
			return (struct sockaddr *)res;
		} else {
			free(res);
			return NULL;
		}
	}
	default:
		return NULL;
	}
}

int kr_straddr_subnet(void *dst, const char *addr)
{
	if (!dst || !addr) {
		return kr_error(EINVAL);
	}
	/* Parse subnet */
	int bit_len = 0;
	int family = kr_straddr_family(addr);
	auto_free char *addr_str = strdup(addr);
	char *subnet = strchr(addr_str, '/');
	if (subnet) {
		*subnet = '\0';
		subnet += 1;
		bit_len = strtol(subnet, NULL, 10);
		/* Check client subnet length */
		const int max_len = (family == AF_INET6) ? 128 : 32;
		if (bit_len < 0 || bit_len > max_len) {
			return kr_error(ERANGE);
		}
	} else {
		/* No subnet, use maximal subnet length. */
		bit_len = (family == AF_INET6) ? 128 : 32;
	}
	/* Parse address */
	int ret = inet_pton(family, addr_str, dst);
	if (ret < 0) {
		return kr_error(EILSEQ);
	}

	return bit_len;
}

int kr_straddr_split(const char *addr, char *buf, size_t buflen, uint16_t *port)
{
	const int base = 10;
	long p = 0;
	size_t addrlen = strlen(addr);
	char *p_start = strchr(addr, '@');
	char *p_end;

	if (!p_start) {
		p_start = strchr(addr, '#');
	}

	if (p_start) {
		if (p_start[1] != '\0'){
			p = strtol(p_start + 1, &p_end, base);
			if (*p_end != '\0' || p <= 0 || p > UINT16_MAX) {
				return kr_error(EINVAL);
			}
		}
		addrlen = p_start - addr;
	}

	/* Check if address is valid. */
	if (addrlen >= INET6_ADDRSTRLEN) {
		return kr_error(EINVAL);
	}

	char str[INET6_ADDRSTRLEN];
	struct sockaddr_storage ss;

	memcpy(str, addr, addrlen); str[addrlen] = '\0';

	int family = kr_straddr_family(str);
	if (family == kr_error(EINVAL) || !inet_pton(family, str, &ss)) {
		return kr_error(EINVAL);
	}

	/* Address and port contains valid values, return it to caller */
	if (buf) {
		if (addrlen >= buflen) {
			return kr_error(ENOSPC);
		}
		memcpy(buf, addr, addrlen); buf[addrlen] = '\0';
	}
	if (port) {
		*port = (uint16_t)p;
	}

	return kr_ok();
}

int kr_straddr_join(const char *addr, uint16_t port, char *buf, size_t *buflen)
{
	if (!addr || !buf || !buflen) {
		return kr_error(EINVAL);
	}

	struct sockaddr_storage ss;
	int family = kr_straddr_family(addr);
	if (family == kr_error(EINVAL) || !inet_pton(family, addr, &ss)) {
		return kr_error(EINVAL);
	}

	int len = strlen(addr);
	if (len + 6 >= *buflen) {
		return kr_error(ENOSPC);
	}

	memcpy(buf, addr, len + 1);
	buf[len] = '#';
	u16tostr((uint8_t *)&buf[len + 1], port);
	len += 6;
	buf[len] = 0;
	*buflen = len;

	return kr_ok();
}

int kr_bitcmp(const char *a, const char *b, int bits)
{
	/* We're using the function from lua directly, so at least for now
	 * we avoid crashing on bogus inputs.  Meaning: NULL is ordered before
	 * anything else, and negative length is the same as zero.
	 * TODO: review the call sites and probably remove the checks. */
	if (bits <= 0 || (!a && !b)) {
		return 0;
	} else if (!a) {
		return -1;
	} else if (!b) {
		return 1;
	}

	assert((a && b && bits >= 0)  ||  bits == 0);
	/* Compare part byte-divisible part. */
	const size_t chunk = bits / 8;
	int ret = memcmp(a, b, chunk);
	if (ret != 0) {
		return ret;
	}
	a += chunk;
	b += chunk;
	bits -= chunk * 8;
	/* Compare last partial byte address block. */
	if (bits > 0) {
		const size_t shift = (8 - bits);
		ret = ((uint8_t)(*a >> shift) - (uint8_t)(*b >> shift));
	}
	return ret;
}

int kr_rrkey(char *key, uint16_t class, const knot_dname_t *owner,
	     uint16_t type, uint16_t additional)
{
	if (!key || !owner) {
		return kr_error(EINVAL);
	}
	uint8_t *key_buf = (uint8_t *)key;
	int ret = u16tostr(key_buf, class);
	if (ret <= 0) {
		return ret;
	}
	key_buf += ret;
	ret = knot_dname_to_wire(key_buf, owner, KNOT_DNAME_MAXLEN);
	if (ret <= 0) {
		return ret;
	}
	knot_dname_to_lower(key_buf);
	key_buf += ret - 1;
	ret = u16tostr(key_buf, type);
	if (ret <= 0) {
		return ret;
	}
	key_buf += ret;
	ret = u16tostr(key_buf, additional);
	if (ret <= 0) {
		return ret;
	}
	key_buf[ret] = '\0';
	return (char *)&key_buf[ret] - key;
}

/** Return whether two RRsets match, i.e. would form the same set; see ranked_rr_array_t */
static inline bool rrsets_match(const knot_rrset_t *rr1, const knot_rrset_t *rr2)
{
	bool match = rr1->type == rr2->type && rr1->rclass == rr2->rclass;
	if (match && rr2->type == KNOT_RRTYPE_RRSIG) {
		match = match && knot_rrsig_type_covered(rr1->rrs.rdata)
				  == knot_rrsig_type_covered(rr2->rrs.rdata);
	}
	match = match && knot_dname_is_equal(rr1->owner, rr2->owner);
	return match;
}

/** Ensure that an index in a ranked array won't cause "duplicate" RRsets on wire.
 *
 * Other entries that would form the same RRset get to_wire = false.
 * See also rrsets_match.
 */
static int to_wire_ensure_unique(ranked_rr_array_t *array, size_t index)
{
	bool ok = array && index < array->len;
	if (!ok) {
		assert(false);
		return kr_error(EINVAL);
	}

	const struct ranked_rr_array_entry *e0 = array->at[index];
	if (!e0->to_wire) {
		return kr_ok();
	}

	for (ssize_t i = array->len - 1; i >= 0; --i) {
		/* ^ iterate backwards, as the end is more likely in CPU caches */
		struct ranked_rr_array_entry *ei = array->at[i];
		if (ei->qry_uid == e0->qry_uid /* assumption: no duplicates within qry */
		    || !ei->to_wire /* no use for complex comparison if @to_wire */
		   ) {
			continue;
		}
		if (rrsets_match(ei->rr, e0->rr)) {
			ei->to_wire = false;
		}
	}
	return kr_ok();
}

int kr_ranked_rrarray_add(ranked_rr_array_t *array, const knot_rrset_t *rr,
			  uint8_t rank, bool to_wire, uint32_t qry_uid, knot_mm_t *pool)
{
	/* rr always has one record per rrset
	 * check if another rrset with the same
	 * rclass/type/owner combination exists within current query
	 * and merge if needed */
	for (ssize_t i = array->len - 1; i >= 0; --i) {
		ranked_rr_array_entry_t *stashed = array->at[i];
		if (stashed->yielded) {
			break;
		}
		if (stashed->qry_uid != qry_uid) {
			break;
		}
		if (!rrsets_match(stashed->rr, rr)) {
			continue;
		}
		/* Found the entry to merge with.  Check consistency and merge. */
		bool ok = stashed->rank == rank && !stashed->cached;
		if (!ok) {
			assert(false);
			return kr_error(EEXIST);
		}
		/* It may happen that an RRset is first considered useful
		 * (to_wire = false, e.g. due to being part of glue),
		 * and later we may find we also want it in the answer. */
		stashed->to_wire = stashed->to_wire || to_wire;

		return knot_rdataset_merge(&stashed->rr->rrs, &rr->rrs, pool);
	}

	/* No stashed rrset found, add */
	int ret = array_reserve_mm(*array, array->len + 1, kr_memreserve, pool);
	if (ret != 0) {
		return kr_error(ENOMEM);
	}

	ranked_rr_array_entry_t *entry = mm_alloc(pool, sizeof(ranked_rr_array_entry_t));
	if (!entry) {
		return kr_error(ENOMEM);
	}
	knot_rrset_t *copy = knot_rrset_copy(rr, pool);
	if (!copy) {
		mm_free(pool, entry);
		return kr_error(ENOMEM);
	}

	entry->qry_uid = qry_uid;
	entry->rr = copy;
	entry->rank = rank;
	entry->revalidation_cnt = 0;
	entry->cached = false;
	entry->yielded = false;
	entry->to_wire = to_wire;
	if (array_push(*array, entry) < 0) {
		/* Silence coverity.  It shouldn't be possible to happen,
		 * due to the array_reserve_mm call above. */
		mm_free(pool, entry);
		return kr_error(ENOMEM);
	}

	return to_wire_ensure_unique(array, array->len - 1);
}

int kr_ranked_rrarray_set_wire(ranked_rr_array_t *array, bool to_wire,
			       uint32_t qry_uid, bool check_dups,
			       bool (*extraCheck)(const ranked_rr_array_entry_t *))
{
	for (size_t i = 0; i < array->len; ++i) {
		ranked_rr_array_entry_t *entry = array->at[i];
		if (entry->qry_uid != qry_uid) {
			continue;
		}
		if (extraCheck != NULL && !extraCheck(entry)) {
			continue;
		}
		entry->to_wire = to_wire;
		if (check_dups) {
			int ret = to_wire_ensure_unique(array, i);
			if (ret) return ret;
		}
	}
	return kr_ok();
}


static char *callprop(struct kr_module *module, const char *prop, const char *input, void *env)
{
	if (!module || !module->props || !prop) {
		return NULL;
	}
	for (const struct kr_prop *p = module->props(); p && p->name; ++p) {
		if (p->cb != NULL && strcmp(p->name, prop) == 0) {
			return p->cb(env, module, input);
		}
	}
	return NULL;
}

char *kr_module_call(struct kr_context *ctx, const char *module, const char *prop, const char *input)
{
	if (!ctx || !ctx->modules || !module || !prop) {
		return NULL;
	}
	module_array_t *mod_list = ctx->modules;
	for (size_t i = 0; i < mod_list->len; ++i) {
		struct kr_module *mod = mod_list->at[i];
		if (strcmp(mod->name, module) == 0) {
			return callprop(mod, prop, input, ctx);
		}
	}
	return NULL;
}

static void flags_to_str(char *dst, const knot_pkt_t *pkt, size_t maxlen)
{
	int offset = 0;
	int ret = 0;
	struct {
		uint8_t (*get) (const uint8_t *packet);
		char name[3];
	} flag[7] = {
		{knot_wire_get_qr, "qr"},
		{knot_wire_get_aa, "aa"},
		{knot_wire_get_rd, "rd"},
		{knot_wire_get_ra, "ra"},
		{knot_wire_get_tc, "tc"},
		{knot_wire_get_ad, "ad"},
		{knot_wire_get_cd, "cd"}
	};
	for (int i = 0; i < 7; ++i) {
		if (!flag[i].get(pkt->wire)) {
			continue;
		}
		ret = snprintf(dst + offset, maxlen, "%s ", flag[i].name);
		if (ret <= 0 || ret >= maxlen) {
			dst[0] = 0;
			return;
		}
		offset += ret;
		maxlen -= ret;
	}
	dst[offset] = 0;
}

static char *print_section_opt(struct mempool *mp, char *endp, const knot_rrset_t *rr, const uint8_t rcode)
{
	uint8_t ercode = knot_edns_get_ext_rcode(rr);
	uint16_t ext_rcode_id = knot_edns_whole_rcode(ercode, rcode);
	const char *ext_rcode_str = "Unused";
	const knot_lookup_t *ext_rcode;

	if (ercode > 0) {
		ext_rcode = knot_lookup_by_id(knot_rcode_names, ext_rcode_id);
		if (ext_rcode != NULL) {
			ext_rcode_str = ext_rcode->name;
		} else {
			ext_rcode_str = "Unknown";
		}
	}

	return mp_printf_append(mp, endp,
		";; EDNS PSEUDOSECTION:\n;; "
		"Version: %u; flags: %s; UDP size: %u B; ext-rcode: %s\n\n",
		knot_edns_get_version(rr),
		(knot_edns_do(rr) != 0) ? "do" : "",
		knot_edns_get_payload(rr),
		ext_rcode_str);

}

char *kr_pkt_text(const knot_pkt_t *pkt)
{
	if (!pkt) {
		return NULL;
	}

	struct mempool *mp = mp_new(512);

	static const char * snames[] = {
		";; ANSWER SECTION", ";; AUTHORITY SECTION", ";; ADDITIONAL SECTION"
	};
	char flags[32];
	uint8_t pkt_rcode = knot_wire_get_rcode(pkt->wire);
	uint8_t pkt_opcode = knot_wire_get_opcode(pkt->wire);
	const char *rcode_str = "Unknown";
	const char *opcode_str = "Unknown";
	const knot_lookup_t *rcode = knot_lookup_by_id(knot_rcode_names, pkt_rcode);
	const knot_lookup_t *opcode = knot_lookup_by_id(knot_opcode_names, pkt_opcode);
	uint16_t qry_id = knot_wire_get_id(pkt->wire);
	uint16_t qdcount = knot_wire_get_qdcount(pkt->wire);

	if (rcode != NULL) {
		rcode_str = rcode->name;
	}
	if (opcode != NULL) {
		opcode_str = opcode->name;
	}
	flags_to_str(flags, pkt, sizeof(flags));

	char *ptr = mp_printf(mp,
		";; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: %s; status: %s; id: %hu\n"
		";; Flags: %s QUERY: %hu; ANSWER: %hu; "
		"AUTHORITY: %hu; ADDITIONAL: %hu\n\n",
		opcode_str, rcode_str, qry_id,
		flags,
		qdcount,
		knot_wire_get_ancount(pkt->wire),
		knot_wire_get_nscount(pkt->wire),
		knot_wire_get_arcount(pkt->wire));

	if (knot_pkt_has_edns(pkt)) {
		ptr = print_section_opt(mp, ptr, pkt->opt_rr, knot_wire_get_rcode(pkt->wire));
	}

	if (qdcount == 1) {
		KR_DNAME_GET_STR(qname, knot_pkt_qname(pkt));
		KR_RRTYPE_GET_STR(rrtype, knot_pkt_qtype(pkt));
		ptr = mp_printf_append(mp, ptr, ";; QUESTION SECTION\n%s\t\t%s\n", qname, rrtype);
	} else if (qdcount > 1) {
		ptr = mp_printf_append(mp, ptr, ";; Warning: unsupported QDCOUNT %hu\n", qdcount);
	}

	for (knot_section_t i = KNOT_ANSWER; i <= KNOT_ADDITIONAL; ++i) {
		const knot_pktsection_t *sec = knot_pkt_section(pkt, i);
		if (sec->count == 0 || knot_pkt_rr(sec, 0)->type == KNOT_RRTYPE_OPT) {
			/* OPT RRs are _supposed_ to be the last ^^, if they appear */
			continue;
		}

		ptr = mp_printf_append(mp, ptr, "\n%s\n", snames[i - KNOT_ANSWER]);
		for (unsigned k = 0; k < sec->count; ++k) {
			const knot_rrset_t *rr = knot_pkt_rr(sec, k);
			if (rr->type == KNOT_RRTYPE_OPT) {
				continue;
			}
			auto_free char *rr_text = kr_rrset_text(rr);
			ptr = mp_printf_append(mp, ptr, "%s", rr_text);
		}
	}

	/* Close growing buffer and duplicate result before deleting */
	char *result = strdup(ptr);
	mp_delete(mp);
	return result;
}

char *kr_rrset_text(const knot_rrset_t *rr)
{
	if (!rr) {
		return NULL;
	}

	/* Note: knot_rrset_txt_dump will double the size until the rrset fits */
	size_t bufsize = 128;
	char *buf = malloc(bufsize);
	int ret = knot_rrset_txt_dump(rr, &buf, &bufsize, &KNOT_DUMP_STYLE_DEFAULT);
	if (ret < 0) {
		free(buf);
		return NULL;
	}

	return buf;
}

uint64_t kr_now()
{
	return uv_now(uv_default_loop());
}

const char *kr_strptime_diff(const char *format, const char *time1_str,
		             const char *time0_str, double *diff) {
	assert(format != NULL);
	assert(time1_str != NULL);
	assert(time0_str != NULL);
	assert(diff != NULL);

	struct tm time1_tm;
	time_t time1_u;
	struct tm time0_tm;
	time_t time0_u;

	char *err = strptime(time1_str, format, &time1_tm);
	if (err == NULL || err != time1_str + strlen(time1_str))
		return "strptime failed for time1";
	time1_tm.tm_isdst = -1; /* determine if DST is active or not */
	time1_u = mktime(&time1_tm);
	if (time1_u == (time_t)-1)
		return "mktime failed for time1";

	err = strptime(time0_str, format, &time0_tm);
	if (err == NULL || err != time0_str + strlen(time0_str))
		return "strptime failed for time0";
	time0_tm.tm_isdst = -1; /* determine if DST is active or not */
	time0_u = mktime(&time0_tm);
	if (time0_u == (time_t)-1)
		return "mktime failed for time0";
	*diff = difftime(time1_u, time0_u);

	return NULL;
}

int knot_dname_lf2wire(knot_dname_t * const dst, uint8_t len, const uint8_t *lf)
{
	knot_dname_t *d = dst; /* moving "cursor" as we write it out */
	bool ok = d && (len == 0 || lf);
	if (!ok) {
		assert(false);
		return kr_error(EINVAL);
	}
	/* we allow the final zero byte to be omitted */
	if (!len) {
		goto finish;
	}
	if (lf[len - 1]) {
		++len;
	}
	/* convert the name, one label at a time */
	int label_end = len - 1; /* index of the zero byte after the current label */
	while (label_end >= 0) {
		/* find label_start */
		int i = label_end - 1;
		while (i >= 0 && lf[i])
			--i;
		const int label_start = i + 1; /* index of the first byte of the current label */
		const int label_len = label_end - label_start;
		assert(label_len >= 0);
		if (label_len > 63 || label_len <= 0)
			return kr_error(EILSEQ);
		/* write the label */
		*d = label_len;
		++d;
		memcpy(d, lf + label_start, label_len);
		d += label_len;
		/* next label */
		label_end = label_start - 1;
	}
finish:
	*d = 0; /* the final zero */
	++d;
	return d - dst;
}

static void rnd_noerror(void *data, uint size)
{
	int ret = gnutls_rnd(GNUTLS_RND_NONCE, data, size);
	if (ret) {
		kr_log_error("gnutls_rnd(): %s\n", gnutls_strerror(ret));
		abort();
	}
}
void kr_rnd_buffered(void *data, uint size)
{
	/* static circular buffer, from index _begin (inclusive) to _end (exclusive) */
	static uint8_t buf[512/8]; /* gnutls_rnd() works on blocks of 512 bits (chacha) */
	static uint buf_begin = sizeof(buf);

	if (unlikely(size > sizeof(buf))) {
		rnd_noerror(data, size);
		return;
	}
	/* Start with contiguous chunk, possibly until the end of buffer. */
	const uint size1 = MIN(size, sizeof(buf) - buf_begin);
	uint8_t *d = data;
	memcpy(d, buf + buf_begin, size1);
	if (size1 == size) {
		buf_begin += size1;
		return;
	}
	d += size1;
	size -= size1;
	/* Refill the whole buffer, and finish by another contiguous chunk. */
	rnd_noerror(buf, sizeof(buf));
	memcpy(d, buf, size);
	buf_begin = size;
}

void kr_rrset_init(knot_rrset_t *rrset, knot_dname_t *owner,
			uint16_t type, uint16_t rclass, uint32_t ttl)
{
	assert(rrset);
	knot_rrset_init(rrset, owner, type, rclass, ttl);
}
uint16_t kr_pkt_qclass(const knot_pkt_t *pkt)
{
	return knot_pkt_qclass(pkt);
}
uint16_t kr_pkt_qtype(const knot_pkt_t *pkt)
{
	return knot_pkt_qtype(pkt);
}
uint32_t kr_rrsig_sig_inception(const knot_rdata_t *rdata)
{
	return knot_rrsig_sig_inception(rdata);
}
uint32_t kr_rrsig_sig_expiration(const knot_rdata_t *rdata)
{
	return knot_rrsig_sig_expiration(rdata);
}
uint16_t kr_rrsig_type_covered(const knot_rdata_t *rdata)
{
	return knot_rrsig_type_covered(rdata);
}