Adding upstream version 4.19.249.upstream/4.19.249upstream

Signed-off-by: Daniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org>

1 files changed, 1753 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/drivers/nvdimm/btt.c b/drivers/nvdimm/btt.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b6823e66a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/drivers/nvdimm/btt.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1753 @@
+/*
+ * Block Translation Table
+ * Copyright (c) 2014-2015, Intel Corporation.
+ *
+ * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ * under the terms and conditions of the GNU General Public License,
+ * version 2, as published by the Free Software Foundation.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+ * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License for
+ * more details.
+ */
+#include <linux/highmem.h>
+#include <linux/debugfs.h>
+#include <linux/blkdev.h>
+#include <linux/module.h>
+#include <linux/device.h>
+#include <linux/mutex.h>
+#include <linux/hdreg.h>
+#include <linux/genhd.h>
+#include <linux/sizes.h>
+#include <linux/ndctl.h>
+#include <linux/fs.h>
+#include <linux/nd.h>
+#include <linux/backing-dev.h>
+#include "btt.h"
+#include "nd.h"
+
+enum log_ent_request {
+	LOG_NEW_ENT = 0,
+	LOG_OLD_ENT
+};
+
+static struct device *to_dev(struct arena_info *arena)
+{
+	return &arena->nd_btt->dev;
+}
+
+static u64 adjust_initial_offset(struct nd_btt *nd_btt, u64 offset)
+{
+	return offset + nd_btt->initial_offset;
+}
+
+static int arena_read_bytes(struct arena_info *arena, resource_size_t offset,
+		void *buf, size_t n, unsigned long flags)
+{
+	struct nd_btt *nd_btt = arena->nd_btt;
+	struct nd_namespace_common *ndns = nd_btt->ndns;
+
+	/* arena offsets may be shifted from the base of the device */
+	offset = adjust_initial_offset(nd_btt, offset);
+	return nvdimm_read_bytes(ndns, offset, buf, n, flags);
+}
+
+static int arena_write_bytes(struct arena_info *arena, resource_size_t offset,
+		void *buf, size_t n, unsigned long flags)
+{
+	struct nd_btt *nd_btt = arena->nd_btt;
+	struct nd_namespace_common *ndns = nd_btt->ndns;
+
+	/* arena offsets may be shifted from the base of the device */
+	offset = adjust_initial_offset(nd_btt, offset);
+	return nvdimm_write_bytes(ndns, offset, buf, n, flags);
+}
+
+static int btt_info_write(struct arena_info *arena, struct btt_sb *super)
+{
+	int ret;
+
+	/*
+	 * infooff and info2off should always be at least 512B aligned.
+	 * We rely on that to make sure rw_bytes does error clearing
+	 * correctly, so make sure that is the case.
+	 */
+	dev_WARN_ONCE(to_dev(arena), !IS_ALIGNED(arena->infooff, 512),
+		"arena->infooff: %#llx is unaligned\n", arena->infooff);
+	dev_WARN_ONCE(to_dev(arena), !IS_ALIGNED(arena->info2off, 512),
+		"arena->info2off: %#llx is unaligned\n", arena->info2off);
+
+	ret = arena_write_bytes(arena, arena->info2off, super,
+			sizeof(struct btt_sb), 0);
+	if (ret)
+		return ret;
+
+	return arena_write_bytes(arena, arena->infooff, super,
+			sizeof(struct btt_sb), 0);
+}
+
+static int btt_info_read(struct arena_info *arena, struct btt_sb *super)
+{
+	return arena_read_bytes(arena, arena->infooff, super,
+			sizeof(struct btt_sb), 0);
+}
+
+/*
+ * 'raw' version of btt_map write
+ * Assumptions:
+ *   mapping is in little-endian
+ *   mapping contains 'E' and 'Z' flags as desired
+ */
+static int __btt_map_write(struct arena_info *arena, u32 lba, __le32 mapping,
+		unsigned long flags)
+{
+	u64 ns_off = arena->mapoff + (lba * MAP_ENT_SIZE);
+
+	if (unlikely(lba >= arena->external_nlba))
+		dev_err_ratelimited(to_dev(arena),
+			"%s: lba %#x out of range (max: %#x)\n",
+			__func__, lba, arena->external_nlba);
+	return arena_write_bytes(arena, ns_off, &mapping, MAP_ENT_SIZE, flags);
+}
+
+static int btt_map_write(struct arena_info *arena, u32 lba, u32 mapping,
+			u32 z_flag, u32 e_flag, unsigned long rwb_flags)
+{
+	u32 ze;
+	__le32 mapping_le;
+
+	/*
+	 * This 'mapping' is supposed to be just the LBA mapping, without
+	 * any flags set, so strip the flag bits.
+	 */
+	mapping = ent_lba(mapping);
+
+	ze = (z_flag << 1) + e_flag;
+	switch (ze) {
+	case 0:
+		/*
+		 * We want to set neither of the Z or E flags, and
+		 * in the actual layout, this means setting the bit
+		 * positions of both to '1' to indicate a 'normal'
+		 * map entry
+		 */
+		mapping |= MAP_ENT_NORMAL;
+		break;
+	case 1:
+		mapping |= (1 << MAP_ERR_SHIFT);
+		break;
+	case 2:
+		mapping |= (1 << MAP_TRIM_SHIFT);
+		break;
+	default:
+		/*
+		 * The case where Z and E are both sent in as '1' could be
+		 * construed as a valid 'normal' case, but we decide not to,
+		 * to avoid confusion
+		 */
+		dev_err_ratelimited(to_dev(arena),
+			"Invalid use of Z and E flags\n");
+		return -EIO;
+	}
+
+	mapping_le = cpu_to_le32(mapping);
+	return __btt_map_write(arena, lba, mapping_le, rwb_flags);
+}
+
+static int btt_map_read(struct arena_info *arena, u32 lba, u32 *mapping,
+			int *trim, int *error, unsigned long rwb_flags)
+{
+	int ret;
+	__le32 in;
+	u32 raw_mapping, postmap, ze, z_flag, e_flag;
+	u64 ns_off = arena->mapoff + (lba * MAP_ENT_SIZE);
+
+	if (unlikely(lba >= arena->external_nlba))
+		dev_err_ratelimited(to_dev(arena),
+			"%s: lba %#x out of range (max: %#x)\n",
+			__func__, lba, arena->external_nlba);
+
+	ret = arena_read_bytes(arena, ns_off, &in, MAP_ENT_SIZE, rwb_flags);
+	if (ret)
+		return ret;
+
+	raw_mapping = le32_to_cpu(in);
+
+	z_flag = ent_z_flag(raw_mapping);
+	e_flag = ent_e_flag(raw_mapping);
+	ze = (z_flag << 1) + e_flag;
+	postmap = ent_lba(raw_mapping);
+
+	/* Reuse the {z,e}_flag variables for *trim and *error */
+	z_flag = 0;
+	e_flag = 0;
+
+	switch (ze) {
+	case 0:
+		/* Initial state. Return postmap = premap */
+		*mapping = lba;
+		break;
+	case 1:
+		*mapping = postmap;
+		e_flag = 1;
+		break;
+	case 2:
+		*mapping = postmap;
+		z_flag = 1;
+		break;
+	case 3:
+		*mapping = postmap;
+		break;
+	default:
+		return -EIO;
+	}
+
+	if (trim)
+		*trim = z_flag;
+	if (error)
+		*error = e_flag;
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static int btt_log_group_read(struct arena_info *arena, u32 lane,
+			struct log_group *log)
+{
+	return arena_read_bytes(arena,
+			arena->logoff + (lane * LOG_GRP_SIZE), log,
+			LOG_GRP_SIZE, 0);
+}
+
+static struct dentry *debugfs_root;
+
+static void arena_debugfs_init(struct arena_info *a, struct dentry *parent,
+				int idx)
+{
+	char dirname[32];
+	struct dentry *d;
+
+	/* If for some reason, parent bttN was not created, exit */
+	if (!parent)
+		return;
+
+	snprintf(dirname, 32, "arena%d", idx);
+	d = debugfs_create_dir(dirname, parent);
+	if (IS_ERR_OR_NULL(d))
+		return;
+	a->debugfs_dir = d;
+
+	debugfs_create_x64("size", S_IRUGO, d, &a->size);
+	debugfs_create_x64("external_lba_start", S_IRUGO, d,
+				&a->external_lba_start);
+	debugfs_create_x32("internal_nlba", S_IRUGO, d, &a->internal_nlba);
+	debugfs_create_u32("internal_lbasize", S_IRUGO, d,
+				&a->internal_lbasize);
+	debugfs_create_x32("external_nlba", S_IRUGO, d, &a->external_nlba);
+	debugfs_create_u32("external_lbasize", S_IRUGO, d,
+				&a->external_lbasize);
+	debugfs_create_u32("nfree", S_IRUGO, d, &a->nfree);
+	debugfs_create_u16("version_major", S_IRUGO, d, &a->version_major);
+	debugfs_create_u16("version_minor", S_IRUGO, d, &a->version_minor);
+	debugfs_create_x64("nextoff", S_IRUGO, d, &a->nextoff);
+	debugfs_create_x64("infooff", S_IRUGO, d, &a->infooff);
+	debugfs_create_x64("dataoff", S_IRUGO, d, &a->dataoff);
+	debugfs_create_x64("mapoff", S_IRUGO, d, &a->mapoff);
+	debugfs_create_x64("logoff", S_IRUGO, d, &a->logoff);
+	debugfs_create_x64("info2off", S_IRUGO, d, &a->info2off);
+	debugfs_create_x32("flags", S_IRUGO, d, &a->flags);
+	debugfs_create_u32("log_index_0", S_IRUGO, d, &a->log_index[0]);
+	debugfs_create_u32("log_index_1", S_IRUGO, d, &a->log_index[1]);
+}
+
+static void btt_debugfs_init(struct btt *btt)
+{
+	int i = 0;
+	struct arena_info *arena;
+
+	btt->debugfs_dir = debugfs_create_dir(dev_name(&btt->nd_btt->dev),
+						debugfs_root);
+	if (IS_ERR_OR_NULL(btt->debugfs_dir))
+		return;
+
+	list_for_each_entry(arena, &btt->arena_list, list) {
+		arena_debugfs_init(arena, btt->debugfs_dir, i);
+		i++;
+	}
+}
+
+static u32 log_seq(struct log_group *log, int log_idx)
+{
+	return le32_to_cpu(log->ent[log_idx].seq);
+}
+
+/*
+ * This function accepts two log entries, and uses the
+ * sequence number to find the 'older' entry.
+ * It also updates the sequence number in this old entry to
+ * make it the 'new' one if the mark_flag is set.
+ * Finally, it returns which of the entries was the older one.
+ *
+ * TODO The logic feels a bit kludge-y. make it better..
+ */
+static int btt_log_get_old(struct arena_info *a, struct log_group *log)
+{
+	int idx0 = a->log_index[0];
+	int idx1 = a->log_index[1];
+	int old;
+
+	/*
+	 * the first ever time this is seen, the entry goes into [0]
+	 * the next time, the following logic works out to put this
+	 * (next) entry into [1]
+	 */
+	if (log_seq(log, idx0) == 0) {
+		log->ent[idx0].seq = cpu_to_le32(1);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	if (log_seq(log, idx0) == log_seq(log, idx1))
+		return -EINVAL;
+	if (log_seq(log, idx0) + log_seq(log, idx1) > 5)
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	if (log_seq(log, idx0) < log_seq(log, idx1)) {
+		if ((log_seq(log, idx1) - log_seq(log, idx0)) == 1)
+			old = 0;
+		else
+			old = 1;
+	} else {
+		if ((log_seq(log, idx0) - log_seq(log, idx1)) == 1)
+			old = 1;
+		else
+			old = 0;
+	}
+
+	return old;
+}
+
+/*
+ * This function copies the desired (old/new) log entry into ent if
+ * it is not NULL. It returns the sub-slot number (0 or 1)
+ * where the desired log entry was found. Negative return values
+ * indicate errors.
+ */
+static int btt_log_read(struct arena_info *arena, u32 lane,
+			struct log_entry *ent, int old_flag)
+{
+	int ret;
+	int old_ent, ret_ent;
+	struct log_group log;
+
+	ret = btt_log_group_read(arena, lane, &log);
+	if (ret)
+		return -EIO;
+
+	old_ent = btt_log_get_old(arena, &log);
+	if (old_ent < 0 || old_ent > 1) {
+		dev_err(to_dev(arena),
+				"log corruption (%d): lane %d seq [%d, %d]\n",
+				old_ent, lane, log.ent[arena->log_index[0]].seq,
+				log.ent[arena->log_index[1]].seq);
+		/* TODO set error state? */
+		return -EIO;
+	}
+
+	ret_ent = (old_flag ? old_ent : (1 - old_ent));
+
+	if (ent != NULL)
+		memcpy(ent, &log.ent[arena->log_index[ret_ent]], LOG_ENT_SIZE);
+
+	return ret_ent;
+}
+
+/*
+ * This function commits a log entry to media
+ * It does _not_ prepare the freelist entry for the next write
+ * btt_flog_write is the wrapper for updating the freelist elements
+ */
+static int __btt_log_write(struct arena_info *arena, u32 lane,
+			u32 sub, struct log_entry *ent, unsigned long flags)
+{
+	int ret;
+	u32 group_slot = arena->log_index[sub];
+	unsigned int log_half = LOG_ENT_SIZE / 2;
+	void *src = ent;
+	u64 ns_off;
+
+	ns_off = arena->logoff + (lane * LOG_GRP_SIZE) +
+		(group_slot * LOG_ENT_SIZE);
+	/* split the 16B write into atomic, durable halves */
+	ret = arena_write_bytes(arena, ns_off, src, log_half, flags);
+	if (ret)
+		return ret;
+
+	ns_off += log_half;
+	src += log_half;
+	return arena_write_bytes(arena, ns_off, src, log_half, flags);
+}
+
+static int btt_flog_write(struct arena_info *arena, u32 lane, u32 sub,
+			struct log_entry *ent)
+{
+	int ret;
+
+	ret = __btt_log_write(arena, lane, sub, ent, NVDIMM_IO_ATOMIC);
+	if (ret)
+		return ret;
+
+	/* prepare the next free entry */
+	arena->freelist[lane].sub = 1 - arena->freelist[lane].sub;
+	if (++(arena->freelist[lane].seq) == 4)
+		arena->freelist[lane].seq = 1;
+	if (ent_e_flag(le32_to_cpu(ent->old_map)))
+		arena->freelist[lane].has_err = 1;
+	arena->freelist[lane].block = ent_lba(le32_to_cpu(ent->old_map));
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+/*
+ * This function initializes the BTT map to the initial state, which is
+ * all-zeroes, and indicates an identity mapping
+ */
+static int btt_map_init(struct arena_info *arena)
+{
+	int ret = -EINVAL;
+	void *zerobuf;
+	size_t offset = 0;
+	size_t chunk_size = SZ_2M;
+	size_t mapsize = arena->logoff - arena->mapoff;
+
+	zerobuf = kzalloc(chunk_size, GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (!zerobuf)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+
+	/*
+	 * mapoff should always be at least 512B  aligned. We rely on that to
+	 * make sure rw_bytes does error clearing correctly, so make sure that
+	 * is the case.
+	 */
+	dev_WARN_ONCE(to_dev(arena), !IS_ALIGNED(arena->mapoff, 512),
+		"arena->mapoff: %#llx is unaligned\n", arena->mapoff);
+
+	while (mapsize) {
+		size_t size = min(mapsize, chunk_size);
+
+		dev_WARN_ONCE(to_dev(arena), size < 512,
+			"chunk size: %#zx is unaligned\n", size);
+		ret = arena_write_bytes(arena, arena->mapoff + offset, zerobuf,
+				size, 0);
+		if (ret)
+			goto free;
+
+		offset += size;
+		mapsize -= size;
+		cond_resched();
+	}
+
+ free:
+	kfree(zerobuf);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+/*
+ * This function initializes the BTT log with 'fake' entries pointing
+ * to the initial reserved set of blocks as being free
+ */
+static int btt_log_init(struct arena_info *arena)
+{
+	size_t logsize = arena->info2off - arena->logoff;
+	size_t chunk_size = SZ_4K, offset = 0;
+	struct log_entry ent;
+	void *zerobuf;
+	int ret;
+	u32 i;
+
+	zerobuf = kzalloc(chunk_size, GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (!zerobuf)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+	/*
+	 * logoff should always be at least 512B  aligned. We rely on that to
+	 * make sure rw_bytes does error clearing correctly, so make sure that
+	 * is the case.
+	 */
+	dev_WARN_ONCE(to_dev(arena), !IS_ALIGNED(arena->logoff, 512),
+		"arena->logoff: %#llx is unaligned\n", arena->logoff);
+
+	while (logsize) {
+		size_t size = min(logsize, chunk_size);
+
+		dev_WARN_ONCE(to_dev(arena), size < 512,
+			"chunk size: %#zx is unaligned\n", size);
+		ret = arena_write_bytes(arena, arena->logoff + offset, zerobuf,
+				size, 0);
+		if (ret)
+			goto free;
+
+		offset += size;
+		logsize -= size;
+		cond_resched();
+	}
+
+	for (i = 0; i < arena->nfree; i++) {
+		ent.lba = cpu_to_le32(i);
+		ent.old_map = cpu_to_le32(arena->external_nlba + i);
+		ent.new_map = cpu_to_le32(arena->external_nlba + i);
+		ent.seq = cpu_to_le32(LOG_SEQ_INIT);
+		ret = __btt_log_write(arena, i, 0, &ent, 0);
+		if (ret)
+			goto free;
+	}
+
+ free:
+	kfree(zerobuf);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static u64 to_namespace_offset(struct arena_info *arena, u64 lba)
+{
+	return arena->dataoff + ((u64)lba * arena->internal_lbasize);
+}
+
+static int arena_clear_freelist_error(struct arena_info *arena, u32 lane)
+{
+	int ret = 0;
+
+	if (arena->freelist[lane].has_err) {
+		void *zero_page = page_address(ZERO_PAGE(0));
+		u32 lba = arena->freelist[lane].block;
+		u64 nsoff = to_namespace_offset(arena, lba);
+		unsigned long len = arena->sector_size;
+
+		mutex_lock(&arena->err_lock);
+
+		while (len) {
+			unsigned long chunk = min(len, PAGE_SIZE);
+
+			ret = arena_write_bytes(arena, nsoff, zero_page,
+				chunk, 0);
+			if (ret)
+				break;
+			len -= chunk;
+			nsoff += chunk;
+			if (len == 0)
+				arena->freelist[lane].has_err = 0;
+		}
+		mutex_unlock(&arena->err_lock);
+	}
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static int btt_freelist_init(struct arena_info *arena)
+{
+	int new, ret;
+	struct log_entry log_new;
+	u32 i, map_entry, log_oldmap, log_newmap;
+
+	arena->freelist = kcalloc(arena->nfree, sizeof(struct free_entry),
+					GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (!arena->freelist)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < arena->nfree; i++) {
+		new = btt_log_read(arena, i, &log_new, LOG_NEW_ENT);
+		if (new < 0)
+			return new;
+
+		/* old and new map entries with any flags stripped out */
+		log_oldmap = ent_lba(le32_to_cpu(log_new.old_map));
+		log_newmap = ent_lba(le32_to_cpu(log_new.new_map));
+
+		/* sub points to the next one to be overwritten */
+		arena->freelist[i].sub = 1 - new;
+		arena->freelist[i].seq = nd_inc_seq(le32_to_cpu(log_new.seq));
+		arena->freelist[i].block = log_oldmap;
+
+		/*
+		 * FIXME: if error clearing fails during init, we want to make
+		 * the BTT read-only
+		 */
+		if (ent_e_flag(le32_to_cpu(log_new.old_map)) &&
+		    !ent_normal(le32_to_cpu(log_new.old_map))) {
+			arena->freelist[i].has_err = 1;
+			ret = arena_clear_freelist_error(arena, i);
+			if (ret)
+				dev_err_ratelimited(to_dev(arena),
+					"Unable to clear known errors\n");
+		}
+
+		/* This implies a newly created or untouched flog entry */
+		if (log_oldmap == log_newmap)
+			continue;
+
+		/* Check if map recovery is needed */
+		ret = btt_map_read(arena, le32_to_cpu(log_new.lba), &map_entry,
+				NULL, NULL, 0);
+		if (ret)
+			return ret;
+
+		/*
+		 * The map_entry from btt_read_map is stripped of any flag bits,
+		 * so use the stripped out versions from the log as well for
+		 * testing whether recovery is needed. For restoration, use the
+		 * 'raw' version of the log entries as that captured what we
+		 * were going to write originally.
+		 */
+		if ((log_newmap != map_entry) && (log_oldmap == map_entry)) {
+			/*
+			 * Last transaction wrote the flog, but wasn't able
+			 * to complete the map write. So fix up the map.
+			 */
+			ret = btt_map_write(arena, le32_to_cpu(log_new.lba),
+					le32_to_cpu(log_new.new_map), 0, 0, 0);
+			if (ret)
+				return ret;
+		}
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static bool ent_is_padding(struct log_entry *ent)
+{
+	return (ent->lba == 0) && (ent->old_map == 0) && (ent->new_map == 0)
+		&& (ent->seq == 0);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Detecting valid log indices: We read a log group (see the comments in btt.h
+ * for a description of a 'log_group' and its 'slots'), and iterate over its
+ * four slots. We expect that a padding slot will be all-zeroes, and use this
+ * to detect a padding slot vs. an actual entry.
+ *
+ * If a log_group is in the initial state, i.e. hasn't been used since the
+ * creation of this BTT layout, it will have three of the four slots with
+ * zeroes. We skip over these log_groups for the detection of log_index. If
+ * all log_groups are in the initial state (i.e. the BTT has never been
+ * written to), it is safe to assume the 'new format' of log entries in slots
+ * (0, 1).
+ */
+static int log_set_indices(struct arena_info *arena)
+{
+	bool idx_set = false, initial_state = true;
+	int ret, log_index[2] = {-1, -1};
+	u32 i, j, next_idx = 0;
+	struct log_group log;
+	u32 pad_count = 0;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < arena->nfree; i++) {
+		ret = btt_log_group_read(arena, i, &log);
+		if (ret < 0)
+			return ret;
+
+		for (j = 0; j < 4; j++) {
+			if (!idx_set) {
+				if (ent_is_padding(&log.ent[j])) {
+					pad_count++;
+					continue;
+				} else {
+					/* Skip if index has been recorded */
+					if ((next_idx == 1) &&
+						(j == log_index[0]))
+						continue;
+					/* valid entry, record index */
+					log_index[next_idx] = j;
+					next_idx++;
+				}
+				if (next_idx == 2) {
+					/* two valid entries found */
+					idx_set = true;
+				} else if (next_idx > 2) {
+					/* too many valid indices */
+					return -ENXIO;
+				}
+			} else {
+				/*
+				 * once the indices have been set, just verify
+				 * that all subsequent log groups are either in
+				 * their initial state or follow the same
+				 * indices.
+				 */
+				if (j == log_index[0]) {
+					/* entry must be 'valid' */
+					if (ent_is_padding(&log.ent[j]))
+						return -ENXIO;
+				} else if (j == log_index[1]) {
+					;
+					/*
+					 * log_index[1] can be padding if the
+					 * lane never got used and it is still
+					 * in the initial state (three 'padding'
+					 * entries)
+					 */
+				} else {
+					/* entry must be invalid (padding) */
+					if (!ent_is_padding(&log.ent[j]))
+						return -ENXIO;
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		/*
+		 * If any of the log_groups have more than one valid,
+		 * non-padding entry, then the we are no longer in the
+		 * initial_state
+		 */
+		if (pad_count < 3)
+			initial_state = false;
+		pad_count = 0;
+	}
+
+	if (!initial_state && !idx_set)
+		return -ENXIO;
+
+	/*
+	 * If all the entries in the log were in the initial state,
+	 * assume new padding scheme
+	 */
+	if (initial_state)
+		log_index[1] = 1;
+
+	/*
+	 * Only allow the known permutations of log/padding indices,
+	 * i.e. (0, 1), and (0, 2)
+	 */
+	if ((log_index[0] == 0) && ((log_index[1] == 1) || (log_index[1] == 2)))
+		; /* known index possibilities */
+	else {
+		dev_err(to_dev(arena), "Found an unknown padding scheme\n");
+		return -ENXIO;
+	}
+
+	arena->log_index[0] = log_index[0];
+	arena->log_index[1] = log_index[1];
+	dev_dbg(to_dev(arena), "log_index_0 = %d\n", log_index[0]);
+	dev_dbg(to_dev(arena), "log_index_1 = %d\n", log_index[1]);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int btt_rtt_init(struct arena_info *arena)
+{
+	arena->rtt = kcalloc(arena->nfree, sizeof(u32), GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (arena->rtt == NULL)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int btt_maplocks_init(struct arena_info *arena)
+{
+	u32 i;
+
+	arena->map_locks = kcalloc(arena->nfree, sizeof(struct aligned_lock),
+				GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (!arena->map_locks)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < arena->nfree; i++)
+		spin_lock_init(&arena->map_locks[i].lock);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static struct arena_info *alloc_arena(struct btt *btt, size_t size,
+				size_t start, size_t arena_off)
+{
+	struct arena_info *arena;
+	u64 logsize, mapsize, datasize;
+	u64 available = size;
+
+	arena = kzalloc(sizeof(struct arena_info), GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (!arena)
+		return NULL;
+	arena->nd_btt = btt->nd_btt;
+	arena->sector_size = btt->sector_size;
+	mutex_init(&arena->err_lock);
+
+	if (!size)
+		return arena;
+
+	arena->size = size;
+	arena->external_lba_start = start;
+	arena->external_lbasize = btt->lbasize;
+	arena->internal_lbasize = roundup(arena->external_lbasize,
+					INT_LBASIZE_ALIGNMENT);
+	arena->nfree = BTT_DEFAULT_NFREE;
+	arena->version_major = btt->nd_btt->version_major;
+	arena->version_minor = btt->nd_btt->version_minor;
+
+	if (available % BTT_PG_SIZE)
+		available -= (available % BTT_PG_SIZE);
+
+	/* Two pages are reserved for the super block and its copy */
+	available -= 2 * BTT_PG_SIZE;
+
+	/* The log takes a fixed amount of space based on nfree */
+	logsize = roundup(arena->nfree * LOG_GRP_SIZE, BTT_PG_SIZE);
+	available -= logsize;
+
+	/* Calculate optimal split between map and data area */
+	arena->internal_nlba = div_u64(available - BTT_PG_SIZE,
+			arena->internal_lbasize + MAP_ENT_SIZE);
+	arena->external_nlba = arena->internal_nlba - arena->nfree;
+
+	mapsize = roundup((arena->external_nlba * MAP_ENT_SIZE), BTT_PG_SIZE);
+	datasize = available - mapsize;
+
+	/* 'Absolute' values, relative to start of storage space */
+	arena->infooff = arena_off;
+	arena->dataoff = arena->infooff + BTT_PG_SIZE;
+	arena->mapoff = arena->dataoff + datasize;
+	arena->logoff = arena->mapoff + mapsize;
+	arena->info2off = arena->logoff + logsize;
+
+	/* Default log indices are (0,1) */
+	arena->log_index[0] = 0;
+	arena->log_index[1] = 1;
+	return arena;
+}
+
+static void free_arenas(struct btt *btt)
+{
+	struct arena_info *arena, *next;
+
+	list_for_each_entry_safe(arena, next, &btt->arena_list, list) {
+		list_del(&arena->list);
+		kfree(arena->rtt);
+		kfree(arena->map_locks);
+		kfree(arena->freelist);
+		debugfs_remove_recursive(arena->debugfs_dir);
+		kfree(arena);
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * This function reads an existing valid btt superblock and
+ * populates the corresponding arena_info struct
+ */
+static void parse_arena_meta(struct arena_info *arena, struct btt_sb *super,
+				u64 arena_off)
+{
+	arena->internal_nlba = le32_to_cpu(super->internal_nlba);
+	arena->internal_lbasize = le32_to_cpu(super->internal_lbasize);
+	arena->external_nlba = le32_to_cpu(super->external_nlba);
+	arena->external_lbasize = le32_to_cpu(super->external_lbasize);
+	arena->nfree = le32_to_cpu(super->nfree);
+	arena->version_major = le16_to_cpu(super->version_major);
+	arena->version_minor = le16_to_cpu(super->version_minor);
+
+	arena->nextoff = (super->nextoff == 0) ? 0 : (arena_off +
+			le64_to_cpu(super->nextoff));
+	arena->infooff = arena_off;
+	arena->dataoff = arena_off + le64_to_cpu(super->dataoff);
+	arena->mapoff = arena_off + le64_to_cpu(super->mapoff);
+	arena->logoff = arena_off + le64_to_cpu(super->logoff);
+	arena->info2off = arena_off + le64_to_cpu(super->info2off);
+
+	arena->size = (le64_to_cpu(super->nextoff) > 0)
+		? (le64_to_cpu(super->nextoff))
+		: (arena->info2off - arena->infooff + BTT_PG_SIZE);
+
+	arena->flags = le32_to_cpu(super->flags);
+}
+
+static int discover_arenas(struct btt *btt)
+{
+	int ret = 0;
+	struct arena_info *arena;
+	struct btt_sb *super;
+	size_t remaining = btt->rawsize;
+	u64 cur_nlba = 0;
+	size_t cur_off = 0;
+	int num_arenas = 0;
+
+	super = kzalloc(sizeof(*super), GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (!super)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+
+	while (remaining) {
+		/* Alloc memory for arena */
+		arena = alloc_arena(btt, 0, 0, 0);
+		if (!arena) {
+			ret = -ENOMEM;
+			goto out_super;
+		}
+
+		arena->infooff = cur_off;
+		ret = btt_info_read(arena, super);
+		if (ret)
+			goto out;
+
+		if (!nd_btt_arena_is_valid(btt->nd_btt, super)) {
+			if (remaining == btt->rawsize) {
+				btt->init_state = INIT_NOTFOUND;
+				dev_info(to_dev(arena), "No existing arenas\n");
+				goto out;
+			} else {
+				dev_err(to_dev(arena),
+						"Found corrupted metadata!\n");
+				ret = -ENODEV;
+				goto out;
+			}
+		}
+
+		arena->external_lba_start = cur_nlba;
+		parse_arena_meta(arena, super, cur_off);
+
+		ret = log_set_indices(arena);
+		if (ret) {
+			dev_err(to_dev(arena),
+				"Unable to deduce log/padding indices\n");
+			goto out;
+		}
+
+		ret = btt_freelist_init(arena);
+		if (ret)
+			goto out;
+
+		ret = btt_rtt_init(arena);
+		if (ret)
+			goto out;
+
+		ret = btt_maplocks_init(arena);
+		if (ret)
+			goto out;
+
+		list_add_tail(&arena->list, &btt->arena_list);
+
+		remaining -= arena->size;
+		cur_off += arena->size;
+		cur_nlba += arena->external_nlba;
+		num_arenas++;
+
+		if (arena->nextoff == 0)
+			break;
+	}
+	btt->num_arenas = num_arenas;
+	btt->nlba = cur_nlba;
+	btt->init_state = INIT_READY;
+
+	kfree(super);
+	return ret;
+
+ out:
+	kfree(arena);
+	free_arenas(btt);
+ out_super:
+	kfree(super);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static int create_arenas(struct btt *btt)
+{
+	size_t remaining = btt->rawsize;
+	size_t cur_off = 0;
+
+	while (remaining) {
+		struct arena_info *arena;
+		size_t arena_size = min_t(u64, ARENA_MAX_SIZE, remaining);
+
+		remaining -= arena_size;
+		if (arena_size < ARENA_MIN_SIZE)
+			break;
+
+		arena = alloc_arena(btt, arena_size, btt->nlba, cur_off);
+		if (!arena) {
+			free_arenas(btt);
+			return -ENOMEM;
+		}
+		btt->nlba += arena->external_nlba;
+		if (remaining >= ARENA_MIN_SIZE)
+			arena->nextoff = arena->size;
+		else
+			arena->nextoff = 0;
+		cur_off += arena_size;
+		list_add_tail(&arena->list, &btt->arena_list);
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * This function completes arena initialization by writing
+ * all the metadata.
+ * It is only called for an uninitialized arena when a write
+ * to that arena occurs for the first time.
+ */
+static int btt_arena_write_layout(struct arena_info *arena)
+{
+	int ret;
+	u64 sum;
+	struct btt_sb *super;
+	struct nd_btt *nd_btt = arena->nd_btt;
+	const u8 *parent_uuid = nd_dev_to_uuid(&nd_btt->ndns->dev);
+
+	ret = btt_map_init(arena);
+	if (ret)
+		return ret;
+
+	ret = btt_log_init(arena);
+	if (ret)
+		return ret;
+
+	super = kzalloc(sizeof(struct btt_sb), GFP_NOIO);
+	if (!super)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+
+	strncpy(super->signature, BTT_SIG, BTT_SIG_LEN);
+	memcpy(super->uuid, nd_btt->uuid, 16);
+	memcpy(super->parent_uuid, parent_uuid, 16);
+	super->flags = cpu_to_le32(arena->flags);
+	super->version_major = cpu_to_le16(arena->version_major);
+	super->version_minor = cpu_to_le16(arena->version_minor);
+	super->external_lbasize = cpu_to_le32(arena->external_lbasize);
+	super->external_nlba = cpu_to_le32(arena->external_nlba);
+	super->internal_lbasize = cpu_to_le32(arena->internal_lbasize);
+	super->internal_nlba = cpu_to_le32(arena->internal_nlba);
+	super->nfree = cpu_to_le32(arena->nfree);
+	super->infosize = cpu_to_le32(sizeof(struct btt_sb));
+	super->nextoff = cpu_to_le64(arena->nextoff);
+	/*
+	 * Subtract arena->infooff (arena start) so numbers are relative
+	 * to 'this' arena
+	 */
+	super->dataoff = cpu_to_le64(arena->dataoff - arena->infooff);
+	super->mapoff = cpu_to_le64(arena->mapoff - arena->infooff);
+	super->logoff = cpu_to_le64(arena->logoff - arena->infooff);
+	super->info2off = cpu_to_le64(arena->info2off - arena->infooff);
+
+	super->flags = 0;
+	sum = nd_sb_checksum((struct nd_gen_sb *) super);
+	super->checksum = cpu_to_le64(sum);
+
+	ret = btt_info_write(arena, super);
+
+	kfree(super);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+/*
+ * This function completes the initialization for the BTT namespace
+ * such that it is ready to accept IOs
+ */
+static int btt_meta_init(struct btt *btt)
+{
+	int ret = 0;
+	struct arena_info *arena;
+
+	mutex_lock(&btt->init_lock);
+	list_for_each_entry(arena, &btt->arena_list, list) {
+		ret = btt_arena_write_layout(arena);
+		if (ret)
+			goto unlock;
+
+		ret = btt_freelist_init(arena);
+		if (ret)
+			goto unlock;
+
+		ret = btt_rtt_init(arena);
+		if (ret)
+			goto unlock;
+
+		ret = btt_maplocks_init(arena);
+		if (ret)
+			goto unlock;
+	}
+
+	btt->init_state = INIT_READY;
+
+ unlock:
+	mutex_unlock(&btt->init_lock);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static u32 btt_meta_size(struct btt *btt)
+{
+	return btt->lbasize - btt->sector_size;
+}
+
+/*
+ * This function calculates the arena in which the given LBA lies
+ * by doing a linear walk. This is acceptable since we expect only
+ * a few arenas. If we have backing devices that get much larger,
+ * we can construct a balanced binary tree of arenas at init time
+ * so that this range search becomes faster.
+ */
+static int lba_to_arena(struct btt *btt, sector_t sector, __u32 *premap,
+				struct arena_info **arena)
+{
+	struct arena_info *arena_list;
+	__u64 lba = div_u64(sector << SECTOR_SHIFT, btt->sector_size);
+
+	list_for_each_entry(arena_list, &btt->arena_list, list) {
+		if (lba < arena_list->external_nlba) {
+			*arena = arena_list;
+			*premap = lba;
+			return 0;
+		}
+		lba -= arena_list->external_nlba;
+	}
+
+	return -EIO;
+}
+
+/*
+ * The following (lock_map, unlock_map) are mostly just to improve
+ * readability, since they index into an array of locks
+ */
+static void lock_map(struct arena_info *arena, u32 premap)
+		__acquires(&arena->map_locks[idx].lock)
+{
+	u32 idx = (premap * MAP_ENT_SIZE / L1_CACHE_BYTES) % arena->nfree;
+
+	spin_lock(&arena->map_locks[idx].lock);
+}
+
+static void unlock_map(struct arena_info *arena, u32 premap)
+		__releases(&arena->map_locks[idx].lock)
+{
+	u32 idx = (premap * MAP_ENT_SIZE / L1_CACHE_BYTES) % arena->nfree;
+
+	spin_unlock(&arena->map_locks[idx].lock);
+}
+
+static int btt_data_read(struct arena_info *arena, struct page *page,
+			unsigned int off, u32 lba, u32 len)
+{
+	int ret;
+	u64 nsoff = to_namespace_offset(arena, lba);
+	void *mem = kmap_atomic(page);
+
+	ret = arena_read_bytes(arena, nsoff, mem + off, len, NVDIMM_IO_ATOMIC);
+	kunmap_atomic(mem);
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static int btt_data_write(struct arena_info *arena, u32 lba,
+			struct page *page, unsigned int off, u32 len)
+{
+	int ret;
+	u64 nsoff = to_namespace_offset(arena, lba);
+	void *mem = kmap_atomic(page);
+
+	ret = arena_write_bytes(arena, nsoff, mem + off, len, NVDIMM_IO_ATOMIC);
+	kunmap_atomic(mem);
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static void zero_fill_data(struct page *page, unsigned int off, u32 len)
+{
+	void *mem = kmap_atomic(page);
+
+	memset(mem + off, 0, len);
+	kunmap_atomic(mem);
+}
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INTEGRITY
+static int btt_rw_integrity(struct btt *btt, struct bio_integrity_payload *bip,
+			struct arena_info *arena, u32 postmap, int rw)
+{
+	unsigned int len = btt_meta_size(btt);
+	u64 meta_nsoff;
+	int ret = 0;
+
+	if (bip == NULL)
+		return 0;
+
+	meta_nsoff = to_namespace_offset(arena, postmap) + btt->sector_size;
+
+	while (len) {
+		unsigned int cur_len;
+		struct bio_vec bv;
+		void *mem;
+
+		bv = bvec_iter_bvec(bip->bip_vec, bip->bip_iter);
+		/*
+		 * The 'bv' obtained from bvec_iter_bvec has its .bv_len and
+		 * .bv_offset already adjusted for iter->bi_bvec_done, and we
+		 * can use those directly
+		 */
+
+		cur_len = min(len, bv.bv_len);
+		mem = kmap_atomic(bv.bv_page);
+		if (rw)
+			ret = arena_write_bytes(arena, meta_nsoff,
+					mem + bv.bv_offset, cur_len,
+					NVDIMM_IO_ATOMIC);
+		else
+			ret = arena_read_bytes(arena, meta_nsoff,
+					mem + bv.bv_offset, cur_len,
+					NVDIMM_IO_ATOMIC);
+
+		kunmap_atomic(mem);
+		if (ret)
+			return ret;
+
+		len -= cur_len;
+		meta_nsoff += cur_len;
+		if (!bvec_iter_advance(bip->bip_vec, &bip->bip_iter, cur_len))
+			return -EIO;
+	}
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+#else /* CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INTEGRITY */
+static int btt_rw_integrity(struct btt *btt, struct bio_integrity_payload *bip,
+			struct arena_info *arena, u32 postmap, int rw)
+{
+	return 0;
+}
+#endif
+
+static int btt_read_pg(struct btt *btt, struct bio_integrity_payload *bip,
+			struct page *page, unsigned int off, sector_t sector,
+			unsigned int len)
+{
+	int ret = 0;
+	int t_flag, e_flag;
+	struct arena_info *arena = NULL;
+	u32 lane = 0, premap, postmap;
+
+	while (len) {
+		u32 cur_len;
+
+		lane = nd_region_acquire_lane(btt->nd_region);
+
+		ret = lba_to_arena(btt, sector, &premap, &arena);
+		if (ret)
+			goto out_lane;
+
+		cur_len = min(btt->sector_size, len);
+
+		ret = btt_map_read(arena, premap, &postmap, &t_flag, &e_flag,
+				NVDIMM_IO_ATOMIC);
+		if (ret)
+			goto out_lane;
+
+		/*
+		 * We loop to make sure that the post map LBA didn't change
+		 * from under us between writing the RTT and doing the actual
+		 * read.
+		 */
+		while (1) {
+			u32 new_map;
+			int new_t, new_e;
+
+			if (t_flag) {
+				zero_fill_data(page, off, cur_len);
+				goto out_lane;
+			}
+
+			if (e_flag) {
+				ret = -EIO;
+				goto out_lane;
+			}
+
+			arena->rtt[lane] = RTT_VALID | postmap;
+			/*
+			 * Barrier to make sure this write is not reordered
+			 * to do the verification map_read before the RTT store
+			 */
+			barrier();
+
+			ret = btt_map_read(arena, premap, &new_map, &new_t,
+						&new_e, NVDIMM_IO_ATOMIC);
+			if (ret)
+				goto out_rtt;
+
+			if ((postmap == new_map) && (t_flag == new_t) &&
+					(e_flag == new_e))
+				break;
+
+			postmap = new_map;
+			t_flag = new_t;
+			e_flag = new_e;
+		}
+
+		ret = btt_data_read(arena, page, off, postmap, cur_len);
+		if (ret) {
+			/* Media error - set the e_flag */
+			if (btt_map_write(arena, premap, postmap, 0, 1, NVDIMM_IO_ATOMIC))
+				dev_warn_ratelimited(to_dev(arena),
+					"Error persistently tracking bad blocks at %#x\n",
+					premap);
+			goto out_rtt;
+		}
+
+		if (bip) {
+			ret = btt_rw_integrity(btt, bip, arena, postmap, READ);
+			if (ret)
+				goto out_rtt;
+		}
+
+		arena->rtt[lane] = RTT_INVALID;
+		nd_region_release_lane(btt->nd_region, lane);
+
+		len -= cur_len;
+		off += cur_len;
+		sector += btt->sector_size >> SECTOR_SHIFT;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+
+ out_rtt:
+	arena->rtt[lane] = RTT_INVALID;
+ out_lane:
+	nd_region_release_lane(btt->nd_region, lane);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Normally, arena_{read,write}_bytes will take care of the initial offset
+ * adjustment, but in the case of btt_is_badblock, where we query is_bad_pmem,
+ * we need the final, raw namespace offset here
+ */
+static bool btt_is_badblock(struct btt *btt, struct arena_info *arena,
+		u32 postmap)
+{
+	u64 nsoff = adjust_initial_offset(arena->nd_btt,
+			to_namespace_offset(arena, postmap));
+	sector_t phys_sector = nsoff >> 9;
+
+	return is_bad_pmem(btt->phys_bb, phys_sector, arena->internal_lbasize);
+}
+
+static int btt_write_pg(struct btt *btt, struct bio_integrity_payload *bip,
+			sector_t sector, struct page *page, unsigned int off,
+			unsigned int len)
+{
+	int ret = 0;
+	struct arena_info *arena = NULL;
+	u32 premap = 0, old_postmap, new_postmap, lane = 0, i;
+	struct log_entry log;
+	int sub;
+
+	while (len) {
+		u32 cur_len;
+		int e_flag;
+
+ retry:
+		lane = nd_region_acquire_lane(btt->nd_region);
+
+		ret = lba_to_arena(btt, sector, &premap, &arena);
+		if (ret)
+			goto out_lane;
+		cur_len = min(btt->sector_size, len);
+
+		if ((arena->flags & IB_FLAG_ERROR_MASK) != 0) {
+			ret = -EIO;
+			goto out_lane;
+		}
+
+		if (btt_is_badblock(btt, arena, arena->freelist[lane].block))
+			arena->freelist[lane].has_err = 1;
+
+		if (mutex_is_locked(&arena->err_lock)
+				|| arena->freelist[lane].has_err) {
+			nd_region_release_lane(btt->nd_region, lane);
+
+			ret = arena_clear_freelist_error(arena, lane);
+			if (ret)
+				return ret;
+
+			/* OK to acquire a different lane/free block */
+			goto retry;
+		}
+
+		new_postmap = arena->freelist[lane].block;
+
+		/* Wait if the new block is being read from */
+		for (i = 0; i < arena->nfree; i++)
+			while (arena->rtt[i] == (RTT_VALID | new_postmap))
+				cpu_relax();
+
+
+		if (new_postmap >= arena->internal_nlba) {
+			ret = -EIO;
+			goto out_lane;
+		}
+
+		ret = btt_data_write(arena, new_postmap, page, off, cur_len);
+		if (ret)
+			goto out_lane;
+
+		if (bip) {
+			ret = btt_rw_integrity(btt, bip, arena, new_postmap,
+						WRITE);
+			if (ret)
+				goto out_lane;
+		}
+
+		lock_map(arena, premap);
+		ret = btt_map_read(arena, premap, &old_postmap, NULL, &e_flag,
+				NVDIMM_IO_ATOMIC);
+		if (ret)
+			goto out_map;
+		if (old_postmap >= arena->internal_nlba) {
+			ret = -EIO;
+			goto out_map;
+		}
+		if (e_flag)
+			set_e_flag(old_postmap);
+
+		log.lba = cpu_to_le32(premap);
+		log.old_map = cpu_to_le32(old_postmap);
+		log.new_map = cpu_to_le32(new_postmap);
+		log.seq = cpu_to_le32(arena->freelist[lane].seq);
+		sub = arena->freelist[lane].sub;
+		ret = btt_flog_write(arena, lane, sub, &log);
+		if (ret)
+			goto out_map;
+
+		ret = btt_map_write(arena, premap, new_postmap, 0, 0,
+			NVDIMM_IO_ATOMIC);
+		if (ret)
+			goto out_map;
+
+		unlock_map(arena, premap);
+		nd_region_release_lane(btt->nd_region, lane);
+
+		if (e_flag) {
+			ret = arena_clear_freelist_error(arena, lane);
+			if (ret)
+				return ret;
+		}
+
+		len -= cur_len;
+		off += cur_len;
+		sector += btt->sector_size >> SECTOR_SHIFT;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+
+ out_map:
+	unlock_map(arena, premap);
+ out_lane:
+	nd_region_release_lane(btt->nd_region, lane);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static int btt_do_bvec(struct btt *btt, struct bio_integrity_payload *bip,
+			struct page *page, unsigned int len, unsigned int off,
+			unsigned int op, sector_t sector)
+{
+	int ret;
+
+	if (!op_is_write(op)) {
+		ret = btt_read_pg(btt, bip, page, off, sector, len);
+		flush_dcache_page(page);
+	} else {
+		flush_dcache_page(page);
+		ret = btt_write_pg(btt, bip, sector, page, off, len);
+	}
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static blk_qc_t btt_make_request(struct request_queue *q, struct bio *bio)
+{
+	struct bio_integrity_payload *bip = bio_integrity(bio);
+	struct btt *btt = q->queuedata;
+	struct bvec_iter iter;
+	unsigned long start;
+	struct bio_vec bvec;
+	int err = 0;
+	bool do_acct;
+
+	if (!bio_integrity_prep(bio))
+		return BLK_QC_T_NONE;
+
+	do_acct = nd_iostat_start(bio, &start);
+	bio_for_each_segment(bvec, bio, iter) {
+		unsigned int len = bvec.bv_len;
+
+		if (len > PAGE_SIZE || len < btt->sector_size ||
+				len % btt->sector_size) {
+			dev_err_ratelimited(&btt->nd_btt->dev,
+				"unaligned bio segment (len: %d)\n", len);
+			bio->bi_status = BLK_STS_IOERR;
+			break;
+		}
+
+		err = btt_do_bvec(btt, bip, bvec.bv_page, len, bvec.bv_offset,
+				  bio_op(bio), iter.bi_sector);
+		if (err) {
+			dev_err(&btt->nd_btt->dev,
+					"io error in %s sector %lld, len %d,\n",
+					(op_is_write(bio_op(bio))) ? "WRITE" :
+					"READ",
+					(unsigned long long) iter.bi_sector, len);
+			bio->bi_status = errno_to_blk_status(err);
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+	if (do_acct)
+		nd_iostat_end(bio, start);
+
+	bio_endio(bio);
+	return BLK_QC_T_NONE;
+}
+
+static int btt_rw_page(struct block_device *bdev, sector_t sector,
+		struct page *page, unsigned int op)
+{
+	struct btt *btt = bdev->bd_disk->private_data;
+	int rc;
+	unsigned int len;
+
+	len = hpage_nr_pages(page) * PAGE_SIZE;
+	rc = btt_do_bvec(btt, NULL, page, len, 0, op, sector);
+	if (rc == 0)
+		page_endio(page, op_is_write(op), 0);
+
+	return rc;
+}
+
+
+static int btt_getgeo(struct block_device *bd, struct hd_geometry *geo)
+{
+	/* some standard values */
+	geo->heads = 1 << 6;
+	geo->sectors = 1 << 5;
+	geo->cylinders = get_capacity(bd->bd_disk) >> 11;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static const struct block_device_operations btt_fops = {
+	.owner =		THIS_MODULE,
+	.rw_page =		btt_rw_page,
+	.getgeo =		btt_getgeo,
+	.revalidate_disk =	nvdimm_revalidate_disk,
+};
+
+static int btt_blk_init(struct btt *btt)
+{
+	struct nd_btt *nd_btt = btt->nd_btt;
+	struct nd_namespace_common *ndns = nd_btt->ndns;
+
+	/* create a new disk and request queue for btt */
+	btt->btt_queue = blk_alloc_queue(GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (!btt->btt_queue)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+
+	btt->btt_disk = alloc_disk(0);
+	if (!btt->btt_disk) {
+		blk_cleanup_queue(btt->btt_queue);
+		return -ENOMEM;
+	}
+
+	nvdimm_namespace_disk_name(ndns, btt->btt_disk->disk_name);
+	btt->btt_disk->first_minor = 0;
+	btt->btt_disk->fops = &btt_fops;
+	btt->btt_disk->private_data = btt;
+	btt->btt_disk->queue = btt->btt_queue;
+	btt->btt_disk->flags = GENHD_FL_EXT_DEVT;
+	btt->btt_disk->queue->backing_dev_info->capabilities |=
+			BDI_CAP_SYNCHRONOUS_IO;
+
+	blk_queue_make_request(btt->btt_queue, btt_make_request);
+	blk_queue_logical_block_size(btt->btt_queue, btt->sector_size);
+	blk_queue_max_hw_sectors(btt->btt_queue, UINT_MAX);
+	blk_queue_flag_set(QUEUE_FLAG_NONROT, btt->btt_queue);
+	btt->btt_queue->queuedata = btt;
+
+	if (btt_meta_size(btt)) {
+		int rc = nd_integrity_init(btt->btt_disk, btt_meta_size(btt));
+
+		if (rc) {
+			del_gendisk(btt->btt_disk);
+			put_disk(btt->btt_disk);
+			blk_cleanup_queue(btt->btt_queue);
+			return rc;
+		}
+	}
+	set_capacity(btt->btt_disk, btt->nlba * btt->sector_size >> 9);
+	device_add_disk(&btt->nd_btt->dev, btt->btt_disk, NULL);
+	btt->nd_btt->size = btt->nlba * (u64)btt->sector_size;
+	revalidate_disk(btt->btt_disk);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void btt_blk_cleanup(struct btt *btt)
+{
+	del_gendisk(btt->btt_disk);
+	put_disk(btt->btt_disk);
+	blk_cleanup_queue(btt->btt_queue);
+}
+
+/**
+ * btt_init - initialize a block translation table for the given device
+ * @nd_btt:	device with BTT geometry and backing device info
+ * @rawsize:	raw size in bytes of the backing device
+ * @lbasize:	lba size of the backing device
+ * @uuid:	A uuid for the backing device - this is stored on media
+ * @maxlane:	maximum number of parallel requests the device can handle
+ *
+ * Initialize a Block Translation Table on a backing device to provide
+ * single sector power fail atomicity.
+ *
+ * Context:
+ * Might sleep.
+ *
+ * Returns:
+ * Pointer to a new struct btt on success, NULL on failure.
+ */
+static struct btt *btt_init(struct nd_btt *nd_btt, unsigned long long rawsize,
+		u32 lbasize, u8 *uuid, struct nd_region *nd_region)
+{
+	int ret;
+	struct btt *btt;
+	struct nd_namespace_io *nsio;
+	struct device *dev = &nd_btt->dev;
+
+	btt = devm_kzalloc(dev, sizeof(struct btt), GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (!btt)
+		return NULL;
+
+	btt->nd_btt = nd_btt;
+	btt->rawsize = rawsize;
+	btt->lbasize = lbasize;
+	btt->sector_size = ((lbasize >= 4096) ? 4096 : 512);
+	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&btt->arena_list);
+	mutex_init(&btt->init_lock);
+	btt->nd_region = nd_region;
+	nsio = to_nd_namespace_io(&nd_btt->ndns->dev);
+	btt->phys_bb = &nsio->bb;
+
+	ret = discover_arenas(btt);
+	if (ret) {
+		dev_err(dev, "init: error in arena_discover: %d\n", ret);
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	if (btt->init_state != INIT_READY && nd_region->ro) {
+		dev_warn(dev, "%s is read-only, unable to init btt metadata\n",
+				dev_name(&nd_region->dev));
+		return NULL;
+	} else if (btt->init_state != INIT_READY) {
+		btt->num_arenas = (rawsize / ARENA_MAX_SIZE) +
+			((rawsize % ARENA_MAX_SIZE) ? 1 : 0);
+		dev_dbg(dev, "init: %d arenas for %llu rawsize\n",
+				btt->num_arenas, rawsize);
+
+		ret = create_arenas(btt);
+		if (ret) {
+			dev_info(dev, "init: create_arenas: %d\n", ret);
+			return NULL;
+		}
+
+		ret = btt_meta_init(btt);
+		if (ret) {
+			dev_err(dev, "init: error in meta_init: %d\n", ret);
+			return NULL;
+		}
+	}
+
+	ret = btt_blk_init(btt);
+	if (ret) {
+		dev_err(dev, "init: error in blk_init: %d\n", ret);
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	btt_debugfs_init(btt);
+
+	return btt;
+}
+
+/**
+ * btt_fini - de-initialize a BTT
+ * @btt:	the BTT handle that was generated by btt_init
+ *
+ * De-initialize a Block Translation Table on device removal
+ *
+ * Context:
+ * Might sleep.
+ */
+static void btt_fini(struct btt *btt)
+{
+	if (btt) {
+		btt_blk_cleanup(btt);
+		free_arenas(btt);
+		debugfs_remove_recursive(btt->debugfs_dir);
+	}
+}
+
+int nvdimm_namespace_attach_btt(struct nd_namespace_common *ndns)
+{
+	struct nd_btt *nd_btt = to_nd_btt(ndns->claim);
+	struct nd_region *nd_region;
+	struct btt_sb *btt_sb;
+	struct btt *btt;
+	size_t rawsize;
+
+	if (!nd_btt->uuid || !nd_btt->ndns || !nd_btt->lbasize) {
+		dev_dbg(&nd_btt->dev, "incomplete btt configuration\n");
+		return -ENODEV;
+	}
+
+	btt_sb = devm_kzalloc(&nd_btt->dev, sizeof(*btt_sb), GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (!btt_sb)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+
+	/*
+	 * If this returns < 0, that is ok as it just means there wasn't
+	 * an existing BTT, and we're creating a new one. We still need to
+	 * call this as we need the version dependent fields in nd_btt to be
+	 * set correctly based on the holder class
+	 */
+	nd_btt_version(nd_btt, ndns, btt_sb);
+
+	rawsize = nvdimm_namespace_capacity(ndns) - nd_btt->initial_offset;
+	if (rawsize < ARENA_MIN_SIZE) {
+		dev_dbg(&nd_btt->dev, "%s must be at least %ld bytes\n",
+				dev_name(&ndns->dev),
+				ARENA_MIN_SIZE + nd_btt->initial_offset);
+		return -ENXIO;
+	}
+	nd_region = to_nd_region(nd_btt->dev.parent);
+	btt = btt_init(nd_btt, rawsize, nd_btt->lbasize, nd_btt->uuid,
+			nd_region);
+	if (!btt)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+	nd_btt->btt = btt;
+
+	return 0;
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(nvdimm_namespace_attach_btt);
+
+int nvdimm_namespace_detach_btt(struct nd_btt *nd_btt)
+{
+	struct btt *btt = nd_btt->btt;
+
+	btt_fini(btt);
+	nd_btt->btt = NULL;
+
+	return 0;
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(nvdimm_namespace_detach_btt);
+
+static int __init nd_btt_init(void)
+{
+	int rc = 0;
+
+	debugfs_root = debugfs_create_dir("btt", NULL);
+	if (IS_ERR_OR_NULL(debugfs_root))
+		rc = -ENXIO;
+
+	return rc;
+}
+
+static void __exit nd_btt_exit(void)
+{
+	debugfs_remove_recursive(debugfs_root);
+}
+
+MODULE_ALIAS_ND_DEVICE(ND_DEVICE_BTT);
+MODULE_AUTHOR("Vishal Verma <vishal.l.verma@linux.intel.com>");
+MODULE_LICENSE("GPL v2");
+module_init(nd_btt_init);
+module_exit(nd_btt_exit);