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| -rw-r--r-- | Documentation/devicetree/bindings/gpio/gpio.txt | 311 |
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diff --git a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/gpio/gpio.txt b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/gpio/gpio.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a7c31de29 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/gpio/gpio.txt @@ -0,0 +1,311 @@ +Specifying GPIO information for devices +============================================ + +1) gpios property +----------------- + +Nodes that makes use of GPIOs should specify them using one or more +properties, each containing a 'gpio-list': + + gpio-list ::= <single-gpio> [gpio-list] + single-gpio ::= <gpio-phandle> <gpio-specifier> + gpio-phandle : phandle to gpio controller node + gpio-specifier : Array of #gpio-cells specifying specific gpio + (controller specific) + +GPIO properties should be named "[<name>-]gpios", with <name> being the purpose +of this GPIO for the device. While a non-existent <name> is considered valid +for compatibility reasons (resolving to the "gpios" property), it is not allowed +for new bindings. Also, GPIO properties named "[<name>-]gpio" are valid and old +bindings use it, but are only supported for compatibility reasons and should not +be used for newer bindings since it has been deprecated. + +GPIO properties can contain one or more GPIO phandles, but only in exceptional +cases should they contain more than one. If your device uses several GPIOs with +distinct functions, reference each of them under its own property, giving it a +meaningful name. The only case where an array of GPIOs is accepted is when +several GPIOs serve the same function (e.g. a parallel data line). + +The exact purpose of each gpios property must be documented in the device tree +binding of the device. + +The following example could be used to describe GPIO pins used as device enable +and bit-banged data signals: + + gpio1: gpio1 { + gpio-controller + #gpio-cells = <2>; + }; + gpio2: gpio2 { + gpio-controller + #gpio-cells = <1>; + }; + [...] + + enable-gpios = <&gpio2 2>; + data-gpios = <&gpio1 12 0>, + <&gpio1 13 0>, + <&gpio1 14 0>, + <&gpio1 15 0>; + +Note that gpio-specifier length is controller dependent. In the +above example, &gpio1 uses 2 cells to specify a gpio, while &gpio2 +only uses one. + +gpio-specifier may encode: bank, pin position inside the bank, +whether pin is open-drain and whether pin is logically inverted. + +Exact meaning of each specifier cell is controller specific, and must +be documented in the device tree binding for the device. + +Most controllers are however specifying a generic flag bitfield +in the last cell, so for these, use the macros defined in +include/dt-bindings/gpio/gpio.h whenever possible: + +Example of a node using GPIOs: + + node { + enable-gpios = <&qe_pio_e 18 GPIO_ACTIVE_HIGH>; + }; + +GPIO_ACTIVE_HIGH is 0, so in this example gpio-specifier is "18 0" and encodes +GPIO pin number, and GPIO flags as accepted by the "qe_pio_e" gpio-controller. + +Optional standard bitfield specifiers for the last cell: + +- Bit 0: 0 means active high, 1 means active low +- Bit 1: 0 mean push-pull wiring, see: + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Push-pull_output + 1 means single-ended wiring, see: + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single-ended_triode +- Bit 2: 0 means open-source, 1 means open drain, see: + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_collector +- Bit 3: 0 means the output should be maintained during sleep/low-power mode + 1 means the output state can be lost during sleep/low-power mode + +1.1) GPIO specifier best practices +---------------------------------- + +A gpio-specifier should contain a flag indicating the GPIO polarity; active- +high or active-low. If it does, the following best practices should be +followed: + +The gpio-specifier's polarity flag should represent the physical level at the +GPIO controller that achieves (or represents, for inputs) a logically asserted +value at the device. The exact definition of logically asserted should be +defined by the binding for the device. If the board inverts the signal between +the GPIO controller and the device, then the gpio-specifier will represent the +opposite physical level than the signal at the device's pin. + +When the device's signal polarity is configurable, the binding for the +device must either: + +a) Define a single static polarity for the signal, with the expectation that +any software using that binding would statically program the device to use +that signal polarity. + +The static choice of polarity may be either: + +a1) (Preferred) Dictated by a binding-specific DT property. + +or: + +a2) Defined statically by the DT binding itself. + +In particular, the polarity cannot be derived from the gpio-specifier, since +that would prevent the DT from separately representing the two orthogonal +concepts of configurable signal polarity in the device, and possible board- +level signal inversion. + +or: + +b) Pick a single option for device signal polarity, and document this choice +in the binding. The gpio-specifier should represent the polarity of the signal +(at the GPIO controller) assuming that the device is configured for this +particular signal polarity choice. If software chooses to program the device +to generate or receive a signal of the opposite polarity, software will be +responsible for correctly interpreting (inverting) the GPIO signal at the GPIO +controller. + +2) gpio-controller nodes +------------------------ + +Every GPIO controller node must contain both an empty "gpio-controller" +property, and a #gpio-cells integer property, which indicates the number of +cells in a gpio-specifier. + +Some system-on-chips (SoCs) use the concept of GPIO banks. A GPIO bank is an +instance of a hardware IP core on a silicon die, usually exposed to the +programmer as a coherent range of I/O addresses. Usually each such bank is +exposed in the device tree as an individual gpio-controller node, reflecting +the fact that the hardware was synthesized by reusing the same IP block a +few times over. + +Optionally, a GPIO controller may have a "ngpios" property. This property +indicates the number of in-use slots of available slots for GPIOs. The +typical example is something like this: the hardware register is 32 bits +wide, but only 18 of the bits have a physical counterpart. The driver is +generally written so that all 32 bits can be used, but the IP block is reused +in a lot of designs, some using all 32 bits, some using 18 and some using +12. In this case, setting "ngpios = <18>;" informs the driver that only the +first 18 GPIOs, at local offset 0 .. 17, are in use. + +If these GPIOs do not happen to be the first N GPIOs at offset 0...N-1, an +additional set of tuples is needed to specify which GPIOs are unusable, with +the gpio-reserved-ranges binding. This property indicates the start and size +of the GPIOs that can't be used. + +Optionally, a GPIO controller may have a "gpio-line-names" property. This is +an array of strings defining the names of the GPIO lines going out of the +GPIO controller. This name should be the most meaningful producer name +for the system, such as a rail name indicating the usage. Package names +such as pin name are discouraged: such lines have opaque names (since they +are by definition generic purpose) and such names are usually not very +helpful. For example "MMC-CD", "Red LED Vdd" and "ethernet reset" are +reasonable line names as they describe what the line is used for. "GPIO0" +is not a good name to give to a GPIO line. Placeholders are discouraged: +rather use the "" (blank string) if the use of the GPIO line is undefined +in your design. The names are assigned starting from line offset 0 from +left to right from the passed array. An incomplete array (where the number +of passed named are less than ngpios) will still be used up until the last +provided valid line index. + +Example: + +gpio-controller@00000000 { + compatible = "foo"; + reg = <0x00000000 0x1000>; + gpio-controller; + #gpio-cells = <2>; + ngpios = <18>; + gpio-reserved-ranges = <0 4>, <12 2>; + gpio-line-names = "MMC-CD", "MMC-WP", "VDD eth", "RST eth", "LED R", + "LED G", "LED B", "Col A", "Col B", "Col C", "Col D", + "Row A", "Row B", "Row C", "Row D", "NMI button", + "poweroff", "reset"; +} + +The GPIO chip may contain GPIO hog definitions. GPIO hogging is a mechanism +providing automatic GPIO request and configuration as part of the +gpio-controller's driver probe function. + +Each GPIO hog definition is represented as a child node of the GPIO controller. +Required properties: +- gpio-hog: A property specifying that this child node represents a GPIO hog. +- gpios: Store the GPIO information (id, flags, ...) for each GPIO to + affect. Shall contain an integer multiple of the number of cells + specified in its parent node (GPIO controller node). +Only one of the following properties scanned in the order shown below. +This means that when multiple properties are present they will be searched +in the order presented below and the first match is taken as the intended +configuration. +- input: A property specifying to set the GPIO direction as input. +- output-low A property specifying to set the GPIO direction as output with + the value low. +- output-high A property specifying to set the GPIO direction as output with + the value high. + +Optional properties: +- line-name: The GPIO label name. If not present the node name is used. + +Example of two SOC GPIO banks defined as gpio-controller nodes: + + qe_pio_a: gpio-controller@1400 { + compatible = "fsl,qe-pario-bank-a", "fsl,qe-pario-bank"; + reg = <0x1400 0x18>; + gpio-controller; + #gpio-cells = <2>; + + line_b { + gpio-hog; + gpios = <6 0>; + output-low; + line-name = "foo-bar-gpio"; + }; + }; + + qe_pio_e: gpio-controller@1460 { + compatible = "fsl,qe-pario-bank-e", "fsl,qe-pario-bank"; + reg = <0x1460 0x18>; + gpio-controller; + #gpio-cells = <2>; + }; + +2.1) gpio- and pin-controller interaction +----------------------------------------- + +Some or all of the GPIOs provided by a GPIO controller may be routed to pins +on the package via a pin controller. This allows muxing those pins between +GPIO and other functions. + +It is useful to represent which GPIOs correspond to which pins on which pin +controllers. The gpio-ranges property described below represents this, and +contains information structures as follows: + + gpio-range-list ::= <single-gpio-range> [gpio-range-list] + single-gpio-range ::= <numeric-gpio-range> | <named-gpio-range> + numeric-gpio-range ::= + <pinctrl-phandle> <gpio-base> <pinctrl-base> <count> + named-gpio-range ::= <pinctrl-phandle> <gpio-base> '<0 0>' + pinctrl-phandle : phandle to pin controller node + gpio-base : Base GPIO ID in the GPIO controller + pinctrl-base : Base pinctrl pin ID in the pin controller + count : The number of GPIOs/pins in this range + +The "pin controller node" mentioned above must conform to the bindings +described in ../pinctrl/pinctrl-bindings.txt. + +In case named gpio ranges are used (ranges with both <pinctrl-base> and +<count> set to 0), the property gpio-ranges-group-names contains one string +for every single-gpio-range in gpio-ranges: + gpiorange-names-list ::= <gpiorange-name> [gpiorange-names-list] + gpiorange-name : Name of the pingroup associated to the GPIO range in + the respective pin controller. + +Elements of gpiorange-names-list corresponding to numeric ranges contain +the empty string. Elements of gpiorange-names-list corresponding to named +ranges contain the name of a pin group defined in the respective pin +controller. The number of pins/GPIOs in the range is the number of pins in +that pin group. + +Previous versions of this binding required all pin controller nodes that +were referenced by any gpio-ranges property to contain a property named +#gpio-range-cells with value <3>. This requirement is now deprecated. +However, that property may still exist in older device trees for +compatibility reasons, and would still be required even in new device +trees that need to be compatible with older software. + +Example 1: + + qe_pio_e: gpio-controller@1460 { + #gpio-cells = <2>; + compatible = "fsl,qe-pario-bank-e", "fsl,qe-pario-bank"; + reg = <0x1460 0x18>; + gpio-controller; + gpio-ranges = <&pinctrl1 0 20 10>, <&pinctrl2 10 50 20>; + }; + +Here, a single GPIO controller has GPIOs 0..9 routed to pin controller +pinctrl1's pins 20..29, and GPIOs 10..29 routed to pin controller pinctrl2's +pins 50..69. + +Example 2: + + gpio_pio_i: gpio-controller@14b0 { + #gpio-cells = <2>; + compatible = "fsl,qe-pario-bank-e", "fsl,qe-pario-bank"; + reg = <0x1480 0x18>; + gpio-controller; + gpio-ranges = <&pinctrl1 0 20 10>, + <&pinctrl2 10 0 0>, + <&pinctrl1 15 0 10>, + <&pinctrl2 25 0 0>; + gpio-ranges-group-names = "", + "foo", + "", + "bar"; + }; + +Here, three GPIO ranges are defined wrt. two pin controllers. pinctrl1 GPIO +ranges are defined using pin numbers whereas the GPIO ranges wrt. pinctrl2 +are named "foo" and "bar". |