Adding upstream version 2.8.5.upstream/2.8.5upstream

Signed-off-by: Daniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org>

1 files changed, 5621 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/gl/lib/vasnprintf.c b/gl/lib/vasnprintf.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c475903
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gl/lib/vasnprintf.c
@@ -0,0 +1,5621 @@
+/* vsprintf with automatic memory allocation.
+   Copyright (C) 1999, 2002-2019 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+   the Free Software Foundation; either version 3, or (at your option)
+   any later version.
+
+   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+   GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
+   with this program; if not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.  */
+
+/* This file can be parametrized with the following macros:
+     VASNPRINTF         The name of the function being defined.
+     FCHAR_T            The element type of the format string.
+     DCHAR_T            The element type of the destination (result) string.
+     FCHAR_T_ONLY_ASCII Set to 1 to enable verification that all characters
+                        in the format string are ASCII. MUST be set if
+                        FCHAR_T and DCHAR_T are not the same type.
+     DIRECTIVE          Structure denoting a format directive.
+                        Depends on FCHAR_T.
+     DIRECTIVES         Structure denoting the set of format directives of a
+                        format string.  Depends on FCHAR_T.
+     PRINTF_PARSE       Function that parses a format string.
+                        Depends on FCHAR_T.
+     DCHAR_CPY          memcpy like function for DCHAR_T[] arrays.
+     DCHAR_SET          memset like function for DCHAR_T[] arrays.
+     DCHAR_MBSNLEN      mbsnlen like function for DCHAR_T[] arrays.
+     SNPRINTF           The system's snprintf (or similar) function.
+                        This may be either snprintf or swprintf.
+     TCHAR_T            The element type of the argument and result string
+                        of the said SNPRINTF function.  This may be either
+                        char or wchar_t.  The code exploits that
+                        sizeof (TCHAR_T) | sizeof (DCHAR_T) and
+                        alignof (TCHAR_T) <= alignof (DCHAR_T).
+     DCHAR_IS_TCHAR     Set to 1 if DCHAR_T and TCHAR_T are the same type.
+     DCHAR_CONV_FROM_ENCODING A function to convert from char[] to DCHAR[].
+     DCHAR_IS_UINT8_T   Set to 1 if DCHAR_T is uint8_t.
+     DCHAR_IS_UINT16_T  Set to 1 if DCHAR_T is uint16_t.
+     DCHAR_IS_UINT32_T  Set to 1 if DCHAR_T is uint32_t.  */
+
+/* Tell glibc's <stdio.h> to provide a prototype for snprintf().
+   This must come before <config.h> because <config.h> may include
+   <features.h>, and once <features.h> has been included, it's too late.  */
+#ifndef _GNU_SOURCE
+# define _GNU_SOURCE    1
+#endif
+
+#ifndef VASNPRINTF
+# include <config.h>
+#endif
+#ifndef IN_LIBINTL
+# include <alloca.h>
+#endif
+
+/* Specification.  */
+#ifndef VASNPRINTF
+# if WIDE_CHAR_VERSION
+#  include "vasnwprintf.h"
+# else
+#  include "vasnprintf.h"
+# endif
+#endif
+
+#include <locale.h>     /* localeconv() */
+#include <stdio.h>      /* snprintf(), sprintf() */
+#include <stdlib.h>     /* abort(), malloc(), realloc(), free() */
+#include <string.h>     /* memcpy(), strlen() */
+#include <errno.h>      /* errno */
+#include <limits.h>     /* CHAR_BIT */
+#include <float.h>      /* DBL_MAX_EXP, LDBL_MAX_EXP */
+#if HAVE_NL_LANGINFO
+# include <langinfo.h>
+#endif
+#ifndef VASNPRINTF
+# if WIDE_CHAR_VERSION
+#  include "wprintf-parse.h"
+# else
+#  include "printf-parse.h"
+# endif
+#endif
+
+/* Checked size_t computations.  */
+#include "xsize.h"
+
+#include "verify.h"
+
+#if (NEED_PRINTF_DOUBLE || NEED_PRINTF_LONG_DOUBLE) && !defined IN_LIBINTL
+# include <math.h>
+# include "float+.h"
+#endif
+
+#if (NEED_PRINTF_DOUBLE || NEED_PRINTF_INFINITE_DOUBLE) && !defined IN_LIBINTL
+# include <math.h>
+# include "isnand-nolibm.h"
+#endif
+
+#if (NEED_PRINTF_LONG_DOUBLE || NEED_PRINTF_INFINITE_LONG_DOUBLE) && !defined IN_LIBINTL
+# include <math.h>
+# include "isnanl-nolibm.h"
+# include "fpucw.h"
+#endif
+
+#if (NEED_PRINTF_DIRECTIVE_A || NEED_PRINTF_DOUBLE) && !defined IN_LIBINTL
+# include <math.h>
+# include "isnand-nolibm.h"
+# include "printf-frexp.h"
+#endif
+
+#if (NEED_PRINTF_DIRECTIVE_A || NEED_PRINTF_LONG_DOUBLE) && !defined IN_LIBINTL
+# include <math.h>
+# include "isnanl-nolibm.h"
+# include "printf-frexpl.h"
+# include "fpucw.h"
+#endif
+
+#ifndef FALLTHROUGH
+# if __GNUC__ < 7
+#  define FALLTHROUGH ((void) 0)
+# else
+#  define FALLTHROUGH __attribute__ ((__fallthrough__))
+# endif
+#endif
+
+/* Default parameters.  */
+#ifndef VASNPRINTF
+# if WIDE_CHAR_VERSION
+#  define VASNPRINTF vasnwprintf
+#  define FCHAR_T wchar_t
+#  define DCHAR_T wchar_t
+#  define TCHAR_T wchar_t
+#  define DCHAR_IS_TCHAR 1
+#  define DIRECTIVE wchar_t_directive
+#  define DIRECTIVES wchar_t_directives
+#  define PRINTF_PARSE wprintf_parse
+#  define DCHAR_CPY wmemcpy
+#  define DCHAR_SET wmemset
+# else
+#  define VASNPRINTF vasnprintf
+#  define FCHAR_T char
+#  define DCHAR_T char
+#  define TCHAR_T char
+#  define DCHAR_IS_TCHAR 1
+#  define DIRECTIVE char_directive
+#  define DIRECTIVES char_directives
+#  define PRINTF_PARSE printf_parse
+#  define DCHAR_CPY memcpy
+#  define DCHAR_SET memset
+# endif
+#endif
+#if WIDE_CHAR_VERSION
+  /* TCHAR_T is wchar_t.  */
+# define USE_SNPRINTF 1
+# if HAVE_DECL__SNWPRINTF
+   /* On Windows, the function swprintf() has a different signature than
+      on Unix; we use the function _snwprintf() or - on mingw - snwprintf()
+      instead.  The mingw function snwprintf() has fewer bugs than the
+      MSVCRT function _snwprintf(), so prefer that.  */
+#  if defined __MINGW32__
+#   define SNPRINTF snwprintf
+#  else
+#   define SNPRINTF _snwprintf
+#   define USE_MSVC__SNPRINTF 1
+#  endif
+# else
+   /* Unix.  */
+#  define SNPRINTF swprintf
+# endif
+#else
+  /* TCHAR_T is char.  */
+  /* Use snprintf if it exists under the name 'snprintf' or '_snprintf'.
+     But don't use it on BeOS, since BeOS snprintf produces no output if the
+     size argument is >= 0x3000000.
+     Also don't use it on Linux libc5, since there snprintf with size = 1
+     writes any output without bounds, like sprintf.  */
+# if (HAVE_DECL__SNPRINTF || HAVE_SNPRINTF) && !defined __BEOS__ && !(__GNU_LIBRARY__ == 1)
+#  define USE_SNPRINTF 1
+# else
+#  define USE_SNPRINTF 0
+# endif
+# if HAVE_DECL__SNPRINTF
+   /* Windows.  The mingw function snprintf() has fewer bugs than the MSVCRT
+      function _snprintf(), so prefer that.  */
+#  if defined __MINGW32__
+#   define SNPRINTF snprintf
+    /* Here we need to call the native snprintf, not rpl_snprintf.  */
+#   undef snprintf
+#  else
+    /* MSVC versions < 14 did not have snprintf, only _snprintf.  */
+#   define SNPRINTF _snprintf
+#   define USE_MSVC__SNPRINTF 1
+#  endif
+# else
+   /* Unix.  */
+#  define SNPRINTF snprintf
+   /* Here we need to call the native snprintf, not rpl_snprintf.  */
+#  undef snprintf
+# endif
+#endif
+/* Here we need to call the native sprintf, not rpl_sprintf.  */
+#undef sprintf
+
+/* GCC >= 4.0 with -Wall emits unjustified "... may be used uninitialized"
+   warnings in this file.  Use -Dlint to suppress them.  */
+#if defined GCC_LINT || defined lint
+# define IF_LINT(Code) Code
+#else
+# define IF_LINT(Code) /* empty */
+#endif
+
+/* Avoid some warnings from "gcc -Wshadow".
+   This file doesn't use the exp() and remainder() functions.  */
+#undef exp
+#define exp expo
+#undef remainder
+#define remainder rem
+
+#if (!USE_SNPRINTF || !HAVE_SNPRINTF_RETVAL_C99 || USE_MSVC__SNPRINTF) && !WIDE_CHAR_VERSION
+# if (HAVE_STRNLEN && !defined _AIX)
+#  define local_strnlen strnlen
+# else
+#  ifndef local_strnlen_defined
+#   define local_strnlen_defined 1
+static size_t
+local_strnlen (const char *string, size_t maxlen)
+{
+  const char *end = memchr (string, '\0', maxlen);
+  return end ? (size_t) (end - string) : maxlen;
+}
+#  endif
+# endif
+#endif
+
+#if (((!USE_SNPRINTF || !HAVE_SNPRINTF_RETVAL_C99 || USE_MSVC__SNPRINTF) && WIDE_CHAR_VERSION) || ((!USE_SNPRINTF || !HAVE_SNPRINTF_RETVAL_C99 || USE_MSVC__SNPRINTF || (NEED_PRINTF_DIRECTIVE_LS && !defined IN_LIBINTL)) && !WIDE_CHAR_VERSION && DCHAR_IS_TCHAR)) && HAVE_WCHAR_T
+# if HAVE_WCSLEN
+#  define local_wcslen wcslen
+# else
+   /* Solaris 2.5.1 has wcslen() in a separate library libw.so. To avoid
+      a dependency towards this library, here is a local substitute.
+      Define this substitute only once, even if this file is included
+      twice in the same compilation unit.  */
+#  ifndef local_wcslen_defined
+#   define local_wcslen_defined 1
+static size_t
+local_wcslen (const wchar_t *s)
+{
+  const wchar_t *ptr;
+
+  for (ptr = s; *ptr != (wchar_t) 0; ptr++)
+    ;
+  return ptr - s;
+}
+#  endif
+# endif
+#endif
+
+#if (!USE_SNPRINTF || !HAVE_SNPRINTF_RETVAL_C99 || USE_MSVC__SNPRINTF) && HAVE_WCHAR_T && WIDE_CHAR_VERSION
+# if HAVE_WCSNLEN
+#  define local_wcsnlen wcsnlen
+# else
+#  ifndef local_wcsnlen_defined
+#   define local_wcsnlen_defined 1
+static size_t
+local_wcsnlen (const wchar_t *s, size_t maxlen)
+{
+  const wchar_t *ptr;
+
+  for (ptr = s; maxlen > 0 && *ptr != (wchar_t) 0; ptr++, maxlen--)
+    ;
+  return ptr - s;
+}
+#  endif
+# endif
+#endif
+
+#if (NEED_PRINTF_DIRECTIVE_A || NEED_PRINTF_LONG_DOUBLE || NEED_PRINTF_INFINITE_LONG_DOUBLE || NEED_PRINTF_DOUBLE || NEED_PRINTF_INFINITE_DOUBLE) && !defined IN_LIBINTL
+/* Determine the decimal-point character according to the current locale.  */
+# ifndef decimal_point_char_defined
+#  define decimal_point_char_defined 1
+static char
+decimal_point_char (void)
+{
+  const char *point;
+  /* Determine it in a multithread-safe way.  We know nl_langinfo is
+     multithread-safe on glibc systems and Mac OS X systems, but is not required
+     to be multithread-safe by POSIX.  sprintf(), however, is multithread-safe.
+     localeconv() is rarely multithread-safe.  */
+#  if HAVE_NL_LANGINFO && (__GLIBC__ || defined __UCLIBC__ || (defined __APPLE__ && defined __MACH__))
+  point = nl_langinfo (RADIXCHAR);
+#  elif 1
+  char pointbuf[5];
+  sprintf (pointbuf, "%#.0f", 1.0);
+  point = &pointbuf[1];
+#  else
+  point = localeconv () -> decimal_point;
+#  endif
+  /* The decimal point is always a single byte: either '.' or ','.  */
+  return (point[0] != '\0' ? point[0] : '.');
+}
+# endif
+#endif
+
+#if NEED_PRINTF_INFINITE_DOUBLE && !NEED_PRINTF_DOUBLE && !defined IN_LIBINTL
+
+/* Equivalent to !isfinite(x) || x == 0, but does not require libm.  */
+static int
+is_infinite_or_zero (double x)
+{
+  return isnand (x) || x + x == x;
+}
+
+#endif
+
+#if NEED_PRINTF_INFINITE_LONG_DOUBLE && !NEED_PRINTF_LONG_DOUBLE && !defined IN_LIBINTL
+
+/* Equivalent to !isfinite(x) || x == 0, but does not require libm.  */
+static int
+is_infinite_or_zerol (long double x)
+{
+  return isnanl (x) || x + x == x;
+}
+
+#endif
+
+#if (NEED_PRINTF_LONG_DOUBLE || NEED_PRINTF_DOUBLE) && !defined IN_LIBINTL
+
+/* Converting 'long double' to decimal without rare rounding bugs requires
+   real bignums.  We use the naming conventions of GNU gmp, but vastly simpler
+   (and slower) algorithms.  */
+
+typedef unsigned int mp_limb_t;
+# define GMP_LIMB_BITS 32
+verify (sizeof (mp_limb_t) * CHAR_BIT == GMP_LIMB_BITS);
+
+typedef unsigned long long mp_twolimb_t;
+# define GMP_TWOLIMB_BITS 64
+verify (sizeof (mp_twolimb_t) * CHAR_BIT == GMP_TWOLIMB_BITS);
+
+/* Representation of a bignum >= 0.  */
+typedef struct
+{
+  size_t nlimbs;
+  mp_limb_t *limbs; /* Bits in little-endian order, allocated with malloc().  */
+} mpn_t;
+
+/* Compute the product of two bignums >= 0.
+   Return the allocated memory in case of success, NULL in case of memory
+   allocation failure.  */
+static void *
+multiply (mpn_t src1, mpn_t src2, mpn_t *dest)
+{
+  const mp_limb_t *p1;
+  const mp_limb_t *p2;
+  size_t len1;
+  size_t len2;
+
+  if (src1.nlimbs <= src2.nlimbs)
+    {
+      len1 = src1.nlimbs;
+      p1 = src1.limbs;
+      len2 = src2.nlimbs;
+      p2 = src2.limbs;
+    }
+  else
+    {
+      len1 = src2.nlimbs;
+      p1 = src2.limbs;
+      len2 = src1.nlimbs;
+      p2 = src1.limbs;
+    }
+  /* Now 0 <= len1 <= len2.  */
+  if (len1 == 0)
+    {
+      /* src1 or src2 is zero.  */
+      dest->nlimbs = 0;
+      dest->limbs = (mp_limb_t *) malloc (1);
+    }
+  else
+    {
+      /* Here 1 <= len1 <= len2.  */
+      size_t dlen;
+      mp_limb_t *dp;
+      size_t k, i, j;
+
+      dlen = len1 + len2;
+      dp = (mp_limb_t *) malloc (dlen * sizeof (mp_limb_t));
+      if (dp == NULL)
+        return NULL;
+      for (k = len2; k > 0; )
+        dp[--k] = 0;
+      for (i = 0; i < len1; i++)
+        {
+          mp_limb_t digit1 = p1[i];
+          mp_twolimb_t carry = 0;
+          for (j = 0; j < len2; j++)
+            {
+              mp_limb_t digit2 = p2[j];
+              carry += (mp_twolimb_t) digit1 * (mp_twolimb_t) digit2;
+              carry += dp[i + j];
+              dp[i + j] = (mp_limb_t) carry;
+              carry = carry >> GMP_LIMB_BITS;
+            }
+          dp[i + len2] = (mp_limb_t) carry;
+        }
+      /* Normalise.  */
+      while (dlen > 0 && dp[dlen - 1] == 0)
+        dlen--;
+      dest->nlimbs = dlen;
+      dest->limbs = dp;
+    }
+  return dest->limbs;
+}
+
+/* Compute the quotient of a bignum a >= 0 and a bignum b > 0.
+   a is written as  a = q * b + r  with 0 <= r < b.  q is the quotient, r
+   the remainder.
+   Finally, round-to-even is performed: If r > b/2 or if r = b/2 and q is odd,
+   q is incremented.
+   Return the allocated memory in case of success, NULL in case of memory
+   allocation failure.  */
+static void *
+divide (mpn_t a, mpn_t b, mpn_t *q)
+{
+  /* Algorithm:
+     First normalise a and b: a=[a[m-1],...,a[0]], b=[b[n-1],...,b[0]]
+     with m>=0 and n>0 (in base beta = 2^GMP_LIMB_BITS).
+     If m<n, then q:=0 and r:=a.
+     If m>=n=1, perform a single-precision division:
+       r:=0, j:=m,
+       while j>0 do
+         {Here (q[m-1]*beta^(m-1)+...+q[j]*beta^j) * b[0] + r*beta^j =
+               = a[m-1]*beta^(m-1)+...+a[j]*beta^j und 0<=r<b[0]<beta}
+         j:=j-1, r:=r*beta+a[j], q[j]:=floor(r/b[0]), r:=r-b[0]*q[j].
+       Normalise [q[m-1],...,q[0]], yields q.
+     If m>=n>1, perform a multiple-precision division:
+       We have a/b < beta^(m-n+1).
+       s:=intDsize-1-(highest bit in b[n-1]), 0<=s<intDsize.
+       Shift a and b left by s bits, copying them. r:=a.
+       r=[r[m],...,r[0]], b=[b[n-1],...,b[0]] with b[n-1]>=beta/2.
+       For j=m-n,...,0: {Here 0 <= r < b*beta^(j+1).}
+         Compute q* :
+           q* := floor((r[j+n]*beta+r[j+n-1])/b[n-1]).
+           In case of overflow (q* >= beta) set q* := beta-1.
+           Compute c2 := ((r[j+n]*beta+r[j+n-1]) - q* * b[n-1])*beta + r[j+n-2]
+           and c3 := b[n-2] * q*.
+           {We have 0 <= c2 < 2*beta^2, even 0 <= c2 < beta^2 if no overflow
+            occurred.  Furthermore 0 <= c3 < beta^2.
+            If there was overflow and
+            r[j+n]*beta+r[j+n-1] - q* * b[n-1] >= beta, i.e. c2 >= beta^2,
+            the next test can be skipped.}
+           While c3 > c2, {Here 0 <= c2 < c3 < beta^2}
+             Put q* := q* - 1, c2 := c2 + b[n-1]*beta, c3 := c3 - b[n-2].
+           If q* > 0:
+             Put r := r - b * q* * beta^j. In detail:
+               [r[n+j],...,r[j]] := [r[n+j],...,r[j]] - q* * [b[n-1],...,b[0]].
+               hence: u:=0, for i:=0 to n-1 do
+                              u := u + q* * b[i],
+                              r[j+i]:=r[j+i]-(u mod beta) (+ beta, if carry),
+                              u:=u div beta (+ 1, if carry in subtraction)
+                      r[n+j]:=r[n+j]-u.
+               {Since always u = (q* * [b[i-1],...,b[0]] div beta^i) + 1
+                               < q* + 1 <= beta,
+                the carry u does not overflow.}
+             If a negative carry occurs, put q* := q* - 1
+               and [r[n+j],...,r[j]] := [r[n+j],...,r[j]] + [0,b[n-1],...,b[0]].
+         Set q[j] := q*.
+       Normalise [q[m-n],..,q[0]]; this yields the quotient q.
+       Shift [r[n-1],...,r[0]] right by s bits and normalise; this yields the
+       rest r.
+       The room for q[j] can be allocated at the memory location of r[n+j].
+     Finally, round-to-even:
+       Shift r left by 1 bit.
+       If r > b or if r = b and q[0] is odd, q := q+1.
+   */
+  const mp_limb_t *a_ptr = a.limbs;
+  size_t a_len = a.nlimbs;
+  const mp_limb_t *b_ptr = b.limbs;
+  size_t b_len = b.nlimbs;
+  mp_limb_t *roomptr;
+  mp_limb_t *tmp_roomptr = NULL;
+  mp_limb_t *q_ptr;
+  size_t q_len;
+  mp_limb_t *r_ptr;
+  size_t r_len;
+
+  /* Allocate room for a_len+2 digits.
+     (Need a_len+1 digits for the real division and 1 more digit for the
+     final rounding of q.)  */
+  roomptr = (mp_limb_t *) malloc ((a_len + 2) * sizeof (mp_limb_t));
+  if (roomptr == NULL)
+    return NULL;
+
+  /* Normalise a.  */
+  while (a_len > 0 && a_ptr[a_len - 1] == 0)
+    a_len--;
+
+  /* Normalise b.  */
+  for (;;)
+    {
+      if (b_len == 0)
+        /* Division by zero.  */
+        abort ();
+      if (b_ptr[b_len - 1] == 0)
+        b_len--;
+      else
+        break;
+    }
+
+  /* Here m = a_len >= 0 and n = b_len > 0.  */
+
+  if (a_len < b_len)
+    {
+      /* m<n: trivial case.  q=0, r := copy of a.  */
+      r_ptr = roomptr;
+      r_len = a_len;
+      memcpy (r_ptr, a_ptr, a_len * sizeof (mp_limb_t));
+      q_ptr = roomptr + a_len;
+      q_len = 0;
+    }
+  else if (b_len == 1)
+    {
+      /* n=1: single precision division.
+         beta^(m-1) <= a < beta^m  ==>  beta^(m-2) <= a/b < beta^m  */
+      r_ptr = roomptr;
+      q_ptr = roomptr + 1;
+      {
+        mp_limb_t den = b_ptr[0];
+        mp_limb_t remainder = 0;
+        const mp_limb_t *sourceptr = a_ptr + a_len;
+        mp_limb_t *destptr = q_ptr + a_len;
+        size_t count;
+        for (count = a_len; count > 0; count--)
+          {
+            mp_twolimb_t num =
+              ((mp_twolimb_t) remainder << GMP_LIMB_BITS) | *--sourceptr;
+            *--destptr = num / den;
+            remainder = num % den;
+          }
+        /* Normalise and store r.  */
+        if (remainder > 0)
+          {
+            r_ptr[0] = remainder;
+            r_len = 1;
+          }
+        else
+          r_len = 0;
+        /* Normalise q.  */
+        q_len = a_len;
+        if (q_ptr[q_len - 1] == 0)
+          q_len--;
+      }
+    }
+  else
+    {
+      /* n>1: multiple precision division.
+         beta^(m-1) <= a < beta^m, beta^(n-1) <= b < beta^n  ==>
+         beta^(m-n-1) <= a/b < beta^(m-n+1).  */
+      /* Determine s.  */
+      size_t s;
+      {
+        mp_limb_t msd = b_ptr[b_len - 1]; /* = b[n-1], > 0 */
+        /* Determine s = GMP_LIMB_BITS - integer_length (msd).
+           Code copied from gnulib's integer_length.c.  */
+# if __GNUC__ > 3 || (__GNUC__ == 3 && __GNUC_MINOR__ >= 4)
+        s = __builtin_clz (msd);
+# else
+#  if defined DBL_EXPBIT0_WORD && defined DBL_EXPBIT0_BIT
+        if (GMP_LIMB_BITS <= DBL_MANT_BIT)
+          {
+            /* Use 'double' operations.
+               Assumes an IEEE 754 'double' implementation.  */
+#   define DBL_EXP_MASK ((DBL_MAX_EXP - DBL_MIN_EXP) | 7)
+#   define DBL_EXP_BIAS (DBL_EXP_MASK / 2 - 1)
+#   define NWORDS \
+     ((sizeof (double) + sizeof (unsigned int) - 1) / sizeof (unsigned int))
+            union { double value; unsigned int word[NWORDS]; } m;
+
+            /* Use a single integer to floating-point conversion.  */
+            m.value = msd;
+
+            s = GMP_LIMB_BITS
+                - (((m.word[DBL_EXPBIT0_WORD] >> DBL_EXPBIT0_BIT) & DBL_EXP_MASK)
+                   - DBL_EXP_BIAS);
+          }
+        else
+#   undef NWORDS
+#  endif
+          {
+            s = 31;
+            if (msd >= 0x10000)
+              {
+                msd = msd >> 16;
+                s -= 16;
+              }
+            if (msd >= 0x100)
+              {
+                msd = msd >> 8;
+                s -= 8;
+              }
+            if (msd >= 0x10)
+              {
+                msd = msd >> 4;
+                s -= 4;
+              }
+            if (msd >= 0x4)
+              {
+                msd = msd >> 2;
+                s -= 2;
+              }
+            if (msd >= 0x2)
+              {
+                msd = msd >> 1;
+                s -= 1;
+              }
+          }
+# endif
+      }
+      /* 0 <= s < GMP_LIMB_BITS.
+         Copy b, shifting it left by s bits.  */
+      if (s > 0)
+        {
+          tmp_roomptr = (mp_limb_t *) malloc (b_len * sizeof (mp_limb_t));
+          if (tmp_roomptr == NULL)
+            {
+              free (roomptr);
+              return NULL;
+            }
+          {
+            const mp_limb_t *sourceptr = b_ptr;
+            mp_limb_t *destptr = tmp_roomptr;
+            mp_twolimb_t accu = 0;
+            size_t count;
+            for (count = b_len; count > 0; count--)
+              {
+                accu += (mp_twolimb_t) *sourceptr++ << s;
+                *destptr++ = (mp_limb_t) accu;
+                accu = accu >> GMP_LIMB_BITS;
+              }
+            /* accu must be zero, since that was how s was determined.  */
+            if (accu != 0)
+              abort ();
+          }
+          b_ptr = tmp_roomptr;
+        }
+      /* Copy a, shifting it left by s bits, yields r.
+         Memory layout:
+         At the beginning: r = roomptr[0..a_len],
+         at the end: r = roomptr[0..b_len-1], q = roomptr[b_len..a_len]  */
+      r_ptr = roomptr;
+      if (s == 0)
+        {
+          memcpy (r_ptr, a_ptr, a_len * sizeof (mp_limb_t));
+          r_ptr[a_len] = 0;
+        }
+      else
+        {
+          const mp_limb_t *sourceptr = a_ptr;
+          mp_limb_t *destptr = r_ptr;
+          mp_twolimb_t accu = 0;
+          size_t count;
+          for (count = a_len; count > 0; count--)
+            {
+              accu += (mp_twolimb_t) *sourceptr++ << s;
+              *destptr++ = (mp_limb_t) accu;
+              accu = accu >> GMP_LIMB_BITS;
+            }
+          *destptr++ = (mp_limb_t) accu;
+        }
+      q_ptr = roomptr + b_len;
+      q_len = a_len - b_len + 1; /* q will have m-n+1 limbs */
+      {
+        size_t j = a_len - b_len; /* m-n */
+        mp_limb_t b_msd = b_ptr[b_len - 1]; /* b[n-1] */
+        mp_limb_t b_2msd = b_ptr[b_len - 2]; /* b[n-2] */
+        mp_twolimb_t b_msdd = /* b[n-1]*beta+b[n-2] */
+          ((mp_twolimb_t) b_msd << GMP_LIMB_BITS) | b_2msd;
+        /* Division loop, traversed m-n+1 times.
+           j counts down, b is unchanged, beta/2 <= b[n-1] < beta.  */
+        for (;;)
+          {
+            mp_limb_t q_star;
+            mp_limb_t c1;
+            if (r_ptr[j + b_len] < b_msd) /* r[j+n] < b[n-1] ? */
+              {
+                /* Divide r[j+n]*beta+r[j+n-1] by b[n-1], no overflow.  */
+                mp_twolimb_t num =
+                  ((mp_twolimb_t) r_ptr[j + b_len] << GMP_LIMB_BITS)
+                  | r_ptr[j + b_len - 1];
+                q_star = num / b_msd;
+                c1 = num % b_msd;
+              }
+            else
+              {
+                /* Overflow, hence r[j+n]*beta+r[j+n-1] >= beta*b[n-1].  */
+                q_star = (mp_limb_t)~(mp_limb_t)0; /* q* = beta-1 */
+                /* Test whether r[j+n]*beta+r[j+n-1] - (beta-1)*b[n-1] >= beta
+                   <==> r[j+n]*beta+r[j+n-1] + b[n-1] >= beta*b[n-1]+beta
+                   <==> b[n-1] < floor((r[j+n]*beta+r[j+n-1]+b[n-1])/beta)
+                        {<= beta !}.
+                   If yes, jump directly to the subtraction loop.
+                   (Otherwise, r[j+n]*beta+r[j+n-1] - (beta-1)*b[n-1] < beta
+                    <==> floor((r[j+n]*beta+r[j+n-1]+b[n-1])/beta) = b[n-1] ) */
+                if (r_ptr[j + b_len] > b_msd
+                    || (c1 = r_ptr[j + b_len - 1] + b_msd) < b_msd)
+                  /* r[j+n] >= b[n-1]+1 or
+                     r[j+n] = b[n-1] and the addition r[j+n-1]+b[n-1] gives a
+                     carry.  */
+                  goto subtract;
+              }
+            /* q_star = q*,
+               c1 = (r[j+n]*beta+r[j+n-1]) - q* * b[n-1] (>=0, <beta).  */
+            {
+              mp_twolimb_t c2 = /* c1*beta+r[j+n-2] */
+                ((mp_twolimb_t) c1 << GMP_LIMB_BITS) | r_ptr[j + b_len - 2];
+              mp_twolimb_t c3 = /* b[n-2] * q* */
+                (mp_twolimb_t) b_2msd * (mp_twolimb_t) q_star;
+              /* While c2 < c3, increase c2 and decrease c3.
+                 Consider c3-c2.  While it is > 0, decrease it by
+                 b[n-1]*beta+b[n-2].  Because of b[n-1]*beta+b[n-2] >= beta^2/2
+                 this can happen only twice.  */
+              if (c3 > c2)
+                {
+                  q_star = q_star - 1; /* q* := q* - 1 */
+                  if (c3 - c2 > b_msdd)
+                    q_star = q_star - 1; /* q* := q* - 1 */
+                }
+            }
+            if (q_star > 0)
+              subtract:
+              {
+                /* Subtract r := r - b * q* * beta^j.  */
+                mp_limb_t cr;
+                {
+                  const mp_limb_t *sourceptr = b_ptr;
+                  mp_limb_t *destptr = r_ptr + j;
+                  mp_twolimb_t carry = 0;
+                  size_t count;
+                  for (count = b_len; count > 0; count--)
+                    {
+                      /* Here 0 <= carry <= q*.  */
+                      carry =
+                        carry
+                        + (mp_twolimb_t) q_star * (mp_twolimb_t) *sourceptr++
+                        + (mp_limb_t) ~(*destptr);
+                      /* Here 0 <= carry <= beta*q* + beta-1.  */
+                      *destptr++ = ~(mp_limb_t) carry;
+                      carry = carry >> GMP_LIMB_BITS; /* <= q* */
+                    }
+                  cr = (mp_limb_t) carry;
+                }
+                /* Subtract cr from r_ptr[j + b_len], then forget about
+                   r_ptr[j + b_len].  */
+                if (cr > r_ptr[j + b_len])
+                  {
+                    /* Subtraction gave a carry.  */
+                    q_star = q_star - 1; /* q* := q* - 1 */
+                    /* Add b back.  */
+                    {
+                      const mp_limb_t *sourceptr = b_ptr;
+                      mp_limb_t *destptr = r_ptr + j;
+                      mp_limb_t carry = 0;
+                      size_t count;
+                      for (count = b_len; count > 0; count--)
+                        {
+                          mp_limb_t source1 = *sourceptr++;
+                          mp_limb_t source2 = *destptr;
+                          *destptr++ = source1 + source2 + carry;
+                          carry =
+                            (carry
+                             ? source1 >= (mp_limb_t) ~source2
+                             : source1 > (mp_limb_t) ~source2);
+                        }
+                    }
+                    /* Forget about the carry and about r[j+n].  */
+                  }
+              }
+            /* q* is determined.  Store it as q[j].  */
+            q_ptr[j] = q_star;
+            if (j == 0)
+              break;
+            j--;
+          }
+      }
+      r_len = b_len;
+      /* Normalise q.  */
+      if (q_ptr[q_len - 1] == 0)
+        q_len--;
+# if 0 /* Not needed here, since we need r only to compare it with b/2, and
+          b is shifted left by s bits.  */
+      /* Shift r right by s bits.  */
+      if (s > 0)
+        {
+          mp_limb_t ptr = r_ptr + r_len;
+          mp_twolimb_t accu = 0;
+          size_t count;
+          for (count = r_len; count > 0; count--)
+            {
+              accu = (mp_twolimb_t) (mp_limb_t) accu << GMP_LIMB_BITS;
+              accu += (mp_twolimb_t) *--ptr << (GMP_LIMB_BITS - s);
+              *ptr = (mp_limb_t) (accu >> GMP_LIMB_BITS);
+            }
+        }
+# endif
+      /* Normalise r.  */
+      while (r_len > 0 && r_ptr[r_len - 1] == 0)
+        r_len--;
+    }
+  /* Compare r << 1 with b.  */
+  if (r_len > b_len)
+    goto increment_q;
+  {
+    size_t i;
+    for (i = b_len;;)
+      {
+        mp_limb_t r_i =
+          (i <= r_len && i > 0 ? r_ptr[i - 1] >> (GMP_LIMB_BITS - 1) : 0)
+          | (i < r_len ? r_ptr[i] << 1 : 0);
+        mp_limb_t b_i = (i < b_len ? b_ptr[i] : 0);
+        if (r_i > b_i)
+          goto increment_q;
+        if (r_i < b_i)
+          goto keep_q;
+        if (i == 0)
+          break;
+        i--;
+      }
+  }
+  if (q_len > 0 && ((q_ptr[0] & 1) != 0))
+    /* q is odd.  */
+    increment_q:
+    {
+      size_t i;
+      for (i = 0; i < q_len; i++)
+        if (++(q_ptr[i]) != 0)
+          goto keep_q;
+      q_ptr[q_len++] = 1;
+    }
+  keep_q:
+  if (tmp_roomptr != NULL)
+    free (tmp_roomptr);
+  q->limbs = q_ptr;
+  q->nlimbs = q_len;
+  return roomptr;
+}
+
+/* Convert a bignum a >= 0, multiplied with 10^extra_zeroes, to decimal
+   representation.
+   Destroys the contents of a.
+   Return the allocated memory - containing the decimal digits in low-to-high
+   order, terminated with a NUL character - in case of success, NULL in case
+   of memory allocation failure.  */
+static char *
+convert_to_decimal (mpn_t a, size_t extra_zeroes)
+{
+  mp_limb_t *a_ptr = a.limbs;
+  size_t a_len = a.nlimbs;
+  /* 0.03345 is slightly larger than log(2)/(9*log(10)).  */
+  size_t c_len = 9 * ((size_t)(a_len * (GMP_LIMB_BITS * 0.03345f)) + 1);
+  /* We need extra_zeroes bytes for zeroes, followed by c_len bytes for the
+     digits of a, followed by 1 byte for the terminating NUL.  */
+  char *c_ptr = (char *) malloc (xsum (xsum (extra_zeroes, c_len), 1));
+  if (c_ptr != NULL)
+    {
+      char *d_ptr = c_ptr;
+      for (; extra_zeroes > 0; extra_zeroes--)
+        *d_ptr++ = '0';
+      while (a_len > 0)
+        {
+          /* Divide a by 10^9, in-place.  */
+          mp_limb_t remainder = 0;
+          mp_limb_t *ptr = a_ptr + a_len;
+          size_t count;
+          for (count = a_len; count > 0; count--)
+            {
+              mp_twolimb_t num =
+                ((mp_twolimb_t) remainder << GMP_LIMB_BITS) | *--ptr;
+              *ptr = num / 1000000000;
+              remainder = num % 1000000000;
+            }
+          /* Store the remainder as 9 decimal digits.  */
+          for (count = 9; count > 0; count--)
+            {
+              *d_ptr++ = '0' + (remainder % 10);
+              remainder = remainder / 10;
+            }
+          /* Normalize a.  */
+          if (a_ptr[a_len - 1] == 0)
+            a_len--;
+        }
+      /* Remove leading zeroes.  */
+      while (d_ptr > c_ptr && d_ptr[-1] == '0')
+        d_ptr--;
+      /* But keep at least one zero.  */
+      if (d_ptr == c_ptr)
+        *d_ptr++ = '0';
+      /* Terminate the string.  */
+      *d_ptr = '\0';
+    }
+  return c_ptr;
+}
+
+# if NEED_PRINTF_LONG_DOUBLE
+
+/* Assuming x is finite and >= 0:
+   write x as x = 2^e * m, where m is a bignum.
+   Return the allocated memory in case of success, NULL in case of memory
+   allocation failure.  */
+static void *
+decode_long_double (long double x, int *ep, mpn_t *mp)
+{
+  mpn_t m;
+  int exp;
+  long double y;
+  size_t i;
+
+  /* Allocate memory for result.  */
+  m.nlimbs = (LDBL_MANT_BIT + GMP_LIMB_BITS - 1) / GMP_LIMB_BITS;
+  m.limbs = (mp_limb_t *) malloc (m.nlimbs * sizeof (mp_limb_t));
+  if (m.limbs == NULL)
+    return NULL;
+  /* Split into exponential part and mantissa.  */
+  y = frexpl (x, &exp);
+  if (!(y >= 0.0L && y < 1.0L))
+    abort ();
+  /* x = 2^exp * y = 2^(exp - LDBL_MANT_BIT) * (y * 2^LDBL_MANT_BIT), and the
+     latter is an integer.  */
+  /* Convert the mantissa (y * 2^LDBL_MANT_BIT) to a sequence of limbs.
+     I'm not sure whether it's safe to cast a 'long double' value between
+     2^31 and 2^32 to 'unsigned int', therefore play safe and cast only
+     'long double' values between 0 and 2^16 (to 'unsigned int' or 'int',
+     doesn't matter).  */
+#  if (LDBL_MANT_BIT % GMP_LIMB_BITS) != 0
+#   if (LDBL_MANT_BIT % GMP_LIMB_BITS) > GMP_LIMB_BITS / 2
+    {
+      mp_limb_t hi, lo;
+      y *= (mp_limb_t) 1 << (LDBL_MANT_BIT % (GMP_LIMB_BITS / 2));
+      hi = (int) y;
+      y -= hi;
+      if (!(y >= 0.0L && y < 1.0L))
+        abort ();
+      y *= (mp_limb_t) 1 << (GMP_LIMB_BITS / 2);
+      lo = (int) y;
+      y -= lo;
+      if (!(y >= 0.0L && y < 1.0L))
+        abort ();
+      m.limbs[LDBL_MANT_BIT / GMP_LIMB_BITS] = (hi << (GMP_LIMB_BITS / 2)) | lo;
+    }
+#   else
+    {
+      mp_limb_t d;
+      y *= (mp_limb_t) 1 << (LDBL_MANT_BIT % GMP_LIMB_BITS);
+      d = (int) y;
+      y -= d;
+      if (!(y >= 0.0L && y < 1.0L))
+        abort ();
+      m.limbs[LDBL_MANT_BIT / GMP_LIMB_BITS] = d;
+    }
+#   endif
+#  endif
+  for (i = LDBL_MANT_BIT / GMP_LIMB_BITS; i > 0; )
+    {
+      mp_limb_t hi, lo;
+      y *= (mp_limb_t) 1 << (GMP_LIMB_BITS / 2);
+      hi = (int) y;
+      y -= hi;
+      if (!(y >= 0.0L && y < 1.0L))
+        abort ();
+      y *= (mp_limb_t) 1 << (GMP_LIMB_BITS / 2);
+      lo = (int) y;
+      y -= lo;
+      if (!(y >= 0.0L && y < 1.0L))
+        abort ();
+      m.limbs[--i] = (hi << (GMP_LIMB_BITS / 2)) | lo;
+    }
+#  if 0 /* On FreeBSD 6.1/x86, 'long double' numbers sometimes have excess
+           precision.  */
+  if (!(y == 0.0L))
+    abort ();
+#  endif
+  /* Normalise.  */
+  while (m.nlimbs > 0 && m.limbs[m.nlimbs - 1] == 0)
+    m.nlimbs--;
+  *mp = m;
+  *ep = exp - LDBL_MANT_BIT;
+  return m.limbs;
+}
+
+# endif
+
+# if NEED_PRINTF_DOUBLE
+
+/* Assuming x is finite and >= 0:
+   write x as x = 2^e * m, where m is a bignum.
+   Return the allocated memory in case of success, NULL in case of memory
+   allocation failure.  */
+static void *
+decode_double (double x, int *ep, mpn_t *mp)
+{
+  mpn_t m;
+  int exp;
+  double y;
+  size_t i;
+
+  /* Allocate memory for result.  */
+  m.nlimbs = (DBL_MANT_BIT + GMP_LIMB_BITS - 1) / GMP_LIMB_BITS;
+  m.limbs = (mp_limb_t *) malloc (m.nlimbs * sizeof (mp_limb_t));
+  if (m.limbs == NULL)
+    return NULL;
+  /* Split into exponential part and mantissa.  */
+  y = frexp (x, &exp);
+  if (!(y >= 0.0 && y < 1.0))
+    abort ();
+  /* x = 2^exp * y = 2^(exp - DBL_MANT_BIT) * (y * 2^DBL_MANT_BIT), and the
+     latter is an integer.  */
+  /* Convert the mantissa (y * 2^DBL_MANT_BIT) to a sequence of limbs.
+     I'm not sure whether it's safe to cast a 'double' value between
+     2^31 and 2^32 to 'unsigned int', therefore play safe and cast only
+     'double' values between 0 and 2^16 (to 'unsigned int' or 'int',
+     doesn't matter).  */
+#  if (DBL_MANT_BIT % GMP_LIMB_BITS) != 0
+#   if (DBL_MANT_BIT % GMP_LIMB_BITS) > GMP_LIMB_BITS / 2
+    {
+      mp_limb_t hi, lo;
+      y *= (mp_limb_t) 1 << (DBL_MANT_BIT % (GMP_LIMB_BITS / 2));
+      hi = (int) y;
+      y -= hi;
+      if (!(y >= 0.0 && y < 1.0))
+        abort ();
+      y *= (mp_limb_t) 1 << (GMP_LIMB_BITS / 2);
+      lo = (int) y;
+      y -= lo;
+      if (!(y >= 0.0 && y < 1.0))
+        abort ();
+      m.limbs[DBL_MANT_BIT / GMP_LIMB_BITS] = (hi << (GMP_LIMB_BITS / 2)) | lo;
+    }
+#   else
+    {
+      mp_limb_t d;
+      y *= (mp_limb_t) 1 << (DBL_MANT_BIT % GMP_LIMB_BITS);
+      d = (int) y;
+      y -= d;
+      if (!(y >= 0.0 && y < 1.0))
+        abort ();
+      m.limbs[DBL_MANT_BIT / GMP_LIMB_BITS] = d;
+    }
+#   endif
+#  endif
+  for (i = DBL_MANT_BIT / GMP_LIMB_BITS; i > 0; )
+    {
+      mp_limb_t hi, lo;
+      y *= (mp_limb_t) 1 << (GMP_LIMB_BITS / 2);
+      hi = (int) y;
+      y -= hi;
+      if (!(y >= 0.0 && y < 1.0))
+        abort ();
+      y *= (mp_limb_t) 1 << (GMP_LIMB_BITS / 2);
+      lo = (int) y;
+      y -= lo;
+      if (!(y >= 0.0 && y < 1.0))
+        abort ();
+      m.limbs[--i] = (hi << (GMP_LIMB_BITS / 2)) | lo;
+    }
+  if (!(y == 0.0))
+    abort ();
+  /* Normalise.  */
+  while (m.nlimbs > 0 && m.limbs[m.nlimbs - 1] == 0)
+    m.nlimbs--;
+  *mp = m;
+  *ep = exp - DBL_MANT_BIT;
+  return m.limbs;
+}
+
+# endif
+
+/* Assuming x = 2^e * m is finite and >= 0, and n is an integer:
+   Returns the decimal representation of round (x * 10^n).
+   Return the allocated memory - containing the decimal digits in low-to-high
+   order, terminated with a NUL character - in case of success, NULL in case
+   of memory allocation failure.  */
+static char *
+scale10_round_decimal_decoded (int e, mpn_t m, void *memory, int n)
+{
+  int s;
+  size_t extra_zeroes;
+  unsigned int abs_n;
+  unsigned int abs_s;
+  mp_limb_t *pow5_ptr;
+  size_t pow5_len;
+  unsigned int s_limbs;
+  unsigned int s_bits;
+  mpn_t pow5;
+  mpn_t z;
+  void *z_memory;
+  char *digits;
+
+  if (memory == NULL)
+    return NULL;
+  /* x = 2^e * m, hence
+     y = round (2^e * 10^n * m) = round (2^(e+n) * 5^n * m)
+       = round (2^s * 5^n * m).  */
+  s = e + n;
+  extra_zeroes = 0;
+  /* Factor out a common power of 10 if possible.  */
+  if (s > 0 && n > 0)
+    {
+      extra_zeroes = (s < n ? s : n);
+      s -= extra_zeroes;
+      n -= extra_zeroes;
+    }
+  /* Here y = round (2^s * 5^n * m) * 10^extra_zeroes.
+     Before converting to decimal, we need to compute
+     z = round (2^s * 5^n * m).  */
+  /* Compute 5^|n|, possibly shifted by |s| bits if n and s have the same
+     sign.  2.322 is slightly larger than log(5)/log(2).  */
+  abs_n = (n >= 0 ? n : -n);
+  abs_s = (s >= 0 ? s : -s);
+  pow5_ptr = (mp_limb_t *) malloc (((int)(abs_n * (2.322f / GMP_LIMB_BITS)) + 1
+                                    + abs_s / GMP_LIMB_BITS + 1)
+                                   * sizeof (mp_limb_t));
+  if (pow5_ptr == NULL)
+    {
+      free (memory);
+      return NULL;
+    }
+  /* Initialize with 1.  */
+  pow5_ptr[0] = 1;
+  pow5_len = 1;
+  /* Multiply with 5^|n|.  */
+  if (abs_n > 0)
+    {
+      static mp_limb_t const small_pow5[13 + 1] =
+        {
+          1, 5, 25, 125, 625, 3125, 15625, 78125, 390625, 1953125, 9765625,
+          48828125, 244140625, 1220703125
+        };
+      unsigned int n13;
+      for (n13 = 0; n13 <= abs_n; n13 += 13)
+        {
+          mp_limb_t digit1 = small_pow5[n13 + 13 <= abs_n ? 13 : abs_n - n13];
+          size_t j;
+          mp_twolimb_t carry = 0;
+          for (j = 0; j < pow5_len; j++)
+            {
+              mp_limb_t digit2 = pow5_ptr[j];
+              carry += (mp_twolimb_t) digit1 * (mp_twolimb_t) digit2;
+              pow5_ptr[j] = (mp_limb_t) carry;
+              carry = carry >> GMP_LIMB_BITS;
+            }
+          if (carry > 0)
+            pow5_ptr[pow5_len++] = (mp_limb_t) carry;
+        }
+    }
+  s_limbs = abs_s / GMP_LIMB_BITS;
+  s_bits = abs_s % GMP_LIMB_BITS;
+  if (n >= 0 ? s >= 0 : s <= 0)
+    {
+      /* Multiply with 2^|s|.  */
+      if (s_bits > 0)
+        {
+          mp_limb_t *ptr = pow5_ptr;
+          mp_twolimb_t accu = 0;
+          size_t count;
+          for (count = pow5_len; count > 0; count--)
+            {
+              accu += (mp_twolimb_t) *ptr << s_bits;
+              *ptr++ = (mp_limb_t) accu;
+              accu = accu >> GMP_LIMB_BITS;
+            }
+          if (accu > 0)
+            {
+              *ptr = (mp_limb_t) accu;
+              pow5_len++;
+            }
+        }
+      if (s_limbs > 0)
+        {
+          size_t count;
+          for (count = pow5_len; count > 0;)
+            {
+              count--;
+              pow5_ptr[s_limbs + count] = pow5_ptr[count];
+            }
+          for (count = s_limbs; count > 0;)
+            {
+              count--;
+              pow5_ptr[count] = 0;
+            }
+          pow5_len += s_limbs;
+        }
+      pow5.limbs = pow5_ptr;
+      pow5.nlimbs = pow5_len;
+      if (n >= 0)
+        {
+          /* Multiply m with pow5.  No division needed.  */
+          z_memory = multiply (m, pow5, &z);
+        }
+      else
+        {
+          /* Divide m by pow5 and round.  */
+          z_memory = divide (m, pow5, &z);
+        }
+    }
+  else
+    {
+      pow5.limbs = pow5_ptr;
+      pow5.nlimbs = pow5_len;
+      if (n >= 0)
+        {
+          /* n >= 0, s < 0.
+             Multiply m with pow5, then divide by 2^|s|.  */
+          mpn_t numerator;
+          mpn_t denominator;
+          void *tmp_memory;
+          tmp_memory = multiply (m, pow5, &numerator);
+          if (tmp_memory == NULL)
+            {
+              free (pow5_ptr);
+              free (memory);
+              return NULL;
+            }
+          /* Construct 2^|s|.  */
+          {
+            mp_limb_t *ptr = pow5_ptr + pow5_len;
+            size_t i;
+            for (i = 0; i < s_limbs; i++)
+              ptr[i] = 0;
+            ptr[s_limbs] = (mp_limb_t) 1 << s_bits;
+            denominator.limbs = ptr;
+            denominator.nlimbs = s_limbs + 1;
+          }
+          z_memory = divide (numerator, denominator, &z);
+          free (tmp_memory);
+        }
+      else
+        {
+          /* n < 0, s > 0.
+             Multiply m with 2^s, then divide by pow5.  */
+          mpn_t numerator;
+          mp_limb_t *num_ptr;
+          num_ptr = (mp_limb_t *) malloc ((m.nlimbs + s_limbs + 1)
+                                          * sizeof (mp_limb_t));
+          if (num_ptr == NULL)
+            {
+              free (pow5_ptr);
+              free (memory);
+              return NULL;
+            }
+          {
+            mp_limb_t *destptr = num_ptr;
+            {
+              size_t i;
+              for (i = 0; i < s_limbs; i++)
+                *destptr++ = 0;
+            }
+            if (s_bits > 0)
+              {
+                const mp_limb_t *sourceptr = m.limbs;
+                mp_twolimb_t accu = 0;
+                size_t count;
+                for (count = m.nlimbs; count > 0; count--)
+                  {
+                    accu += (mp_twolimb_t) *sourceptr++ << s_bits;
+                    *destptr++ = (mp_limb_t) accu;
+                    accu = accu >> GMP_LIMB_BITS;
+                  }
+                if (accu > 0)
+                  *destptr++ = (mp_limb_t) accu;
+              }
+            else
+              {
+                const mp_limb_t *sourceptr = m.limbs;
+                size_t count;
+                for (count = m.nlimbs; count > 0; count--)
+                  *destptr++ = *sourceptr++;
+              }
+            numerator.limbs = num_ptr;
+            numerator.nlimbs = destptr - num_ptr;
+          }
+          z_memory = divide (numerator, pow5, &z);
+          free (num_ptr);
+        }
+    }
+  free (pow5_ptr);
+  free (memory);
+
+  /* Here y = round (x * 10^n) = z * 10^extra_zeroes.  */
+
+  if (z_memory == NULL)
+    return NULL;
+  digits = convert_to_decimal (z, extra_zeroes);
+  free (z_memory);
+  return digits;
+}
+
+# if NEED_PRINTF_LONG_DOUBLE
+
+/* Assuming x is finite and >= 0, and n is an integer:
+   Returns the decimal representation of round (x * 10^n).
+   Return the allocated memory - containing the decimal digits in low-to-high
+   order, terminated with a NUL character - in case of success, NULL in case
+   of memory allocation failure.  */
+static char *
+scale10_round_decimal_long_double (long double x, int n)
+{
+  int e IF_LINT(= 0);
+  mpn_t m;
+  void *memory = decode_long_double (x, &e, &m);
+  return scale10_round_decimal_decoded (e, m, memory, n);
+}
+
+# endif
+
+# if NEED_PRINTF_DOUBLE
+
+/* Assuming x is finite and >= 0, and n is an integer:
+   Returns the decimal representation of round (x * 10^n).
+   Return the allocated memory - containing the decimal digits in low-to-high
+   order, terminated with a NUL character - in case of success, NULL in case
+   of memory allocation failure.  */
+static char *
+scale10_round_decimal_double (double x, int n)
+{
+  int e IF_LINT(= 0);
+  mpn_t m;
+  void *memory = decode_double (x, &e, &m);
+  return scale10_round_decimal_decoded (e, m, memory, n);
+}
+
+# endif
+
+# if NEED_PRINTF_LONG_DOUBLE
+
+/* Assuming x is finite and > 0:
+   Return an approximation for n with 10^n <= x < 10^(n+1).
+   The approximation is usually the right n, but may be off by 1 sometimes.  */
+static int
+floorlog10l (long double x)
+{
+  int exp;
+  long double y;
+  double z;
+  double l;
+
+  /* Split into exponential part and mantissa.  */
+  y = frexpl (x, &exp);
+  if (!(y >= 0.0L && y < 1.0L))
+    abort ();
+  if (y == 0.0L)
+    return INT_MIN;
+  if (y < 0.5L)
+    {
+      while (y < (1.0L / (1 << (GMP_LIMB_BITS / 2)) / (1 << (GMP_LIMB_BITS / 2))))
+        {
+          y *= 1.0L * (1 << (GMP_LIMB_BITS / 2)) * (1 << (GMP_LIMB_BITS / 2));
+          exp -= GMP_LIMB_BITS;
+        }
+      if (y < (1.0L / (1 << 16)))
+        {
+          y *= 1.0L * (1 << 16);
+          exp -= 16;
+        }
+      if (y < (1.0L / (1 << 8)))
+        {
+          y *= 1.0L * (1 << 8);
+          exp -= 8;
+        }
+      if (y < (1.0L / (1 << 4)))
+        {
+          y *= 1.0L * (1 << 4);
+          exp -= 4;
+        }
+      if (y < (1.0L / (1 << 2)))
+        {
+          y *= 1.0L * (1 << 2);
+          exp -= 2;
+        }
+      if (y < (1.0L / (1 << 1)))
+        {
+          y *= 1.0L * (1 << 1);
+          exp -= 1;
+        }
+    }
+  if (!(y >= 0.5L && y < 1.0L))
+    abort ();
+  /* Compute an approximation for l = log2(x) = exp + log2(y).  */
+  l = exp;
+  z = y;
+  if (z < 0.70710678118654752444)
+    {
+      z *= 1.4142135623730950488;
+      l -= 0.5;
+    }
+  if (z < 0.8408964152537145431)
+    {
+      z *= 1.1892071150027210667;
+      l -= 0.25;
+    }
+  if (z < 0.91700404320467123175)
+    {
+      z *= 1.0905077326652576592;
+      l -= 0.125;
+    }
+  if (z < 0.9576032806985736469)
+    {
+      z *= 1.0442737824274138403;
+      l -= 0.0625;
+    }
+  /* Now 0.95 <= z <= 1.01.  */
+  z = 1 - z;
+  /* log2(1-z) = 1/log(2) * (- z - z^2/2 - z^3/3 - z^4/4 - ...)
+     Four terms are enough to get an approximation with error < 10^-7.  */
+  l -= 1.4426950408889634074 * z * (1.0 + z * (0.5 + z * ((1.0 / 3) + z * 0.25)));
+  /* Finally multiply with log(2)/log(10), yields an approximation for
+     log10(x).  */
+  l *= 0.30102999566398119523;
+  /* Round down to the next integer.  */
+  return (int) l + (l < 0 ? -1 : 0);
+}
+
+# endif
+
+# if NEED_PRINTF_DOUBLE
+
+/* Assuming x is finite and > 0:
+   Return an approximation for n with 10^n <= x < 10^(n+1).
+   The approximation is usually the right n, but may be off by 1 sometimes.  */
+static int
+floorlog10 (double x)
+{
+  int exp;
+  double y;
+  double z;
+  double l;
+
+  /* Split into exponential part and mantissa.  */
+  y = frexp (x, &exp);
+  if (!(y >= 0.0 && y < 1.0))
+    abort ();
+  if (y == 0.0)
+    return INT_MIN;
+  if (y < 0.5)
+    {
+      while (y < (1.0 / (1 << (GMP_LIMB_BITS / 2)) / (1 << (GMP_LIMB_BITS / 2))))
+        {
+          y *= 1.0 * (1 << (GMP_LIMB_BITS / 2)) * (1 << (GMP_LIMB_BITS / 2));
+          exp -= GMP_LIMB_BITS;
+        }
+      if (y < (1.0 / (1 << 16)))
+        {
+          y *= 1.0 * (1 << 16);
+          exp -= 16;
+        }
+      if (y < (1.0 / (1 << 8)))
+        {
+          y *= 1.0 * (1 << 8);
+          exp -= 8;
+        }
+      if (y < (1.0 / (1 << 4)))
+        {
+          y *= 1.0 * (1 << 4);
+          exp -= 4;
+        }
+      if (y < (1.0 / (1 << 2)))
+        {
+          y *= 1.0 * (1 << 2);
+          exp -= 2;
+        }
+      if (y < (1.0 / (1 << 1)))
+        {
+          y *= 1.0 * (1 << 1);
+          exp -= 1;
+        }
+    }
+  if (!(y >= 0.5 && y < 1.0))
+    abort ();
+  /* Compute an approximation for l = log2(x) = exp + log2(y).  */
+  l = exp;
+  z = y;
+  if (z < 0.70710678118654752444)
+    {
+      z *= 1.4142135623730950488;
+      l -= 0.5;
+    }
+  if (z < 0.8408964152537145431)
+    {
+      z *= 1.1892071150027210667;
+      l -= 0.25;
+    }
+  if (z < 0.91700404320467123175)
+    {
+      z *= 1.0905077326652576592;
+      l -= 0.125;
+    }
+  if (z < 0.9576032806985736469)
+    {
+      z *= 1.0442737824274138403;
+      l -= 0.0625;
+    }
+  /* Now 0.95 <= z <= 1.01.  */
+  z = 1 - z;
+  /* log2(1-z) = 1/log(2) * (- z - z^2/2 - z^3/3 - z^4/4 - ...)
+     Four terms are enough to get an approximation with error < 10^-7.  */
+  l -= 1.4426950408889634074 * z * (1.0 + z * (0.5 + z * ((1.0 / 3) + z * 0.25)));
+  /* Finally multiply with log(2)/log(10), yields an approximation for
+     log10(x).  */
+  l *= 0.30102999566398119523;
+  /* Round down to the next integer.  */
+  return (int) l + (l < 0 ? -1 : 0);
+}
+
+# endif
+
+/* Tests whether a string of digits consists of exactly PRECISION zeroes and
+   a single '1' digit.  */
+static int
+is_borderline (const char *digits, size_t precision)
+{
+  for (; precision > 0; precision--, digits++)
+    if (*digits != '0')
+      return 0;
+  if (*digits != '1')
+    return 0;
+  digits++;
+  return *digits == '\0';
+}
+
+#endif
+
+#if !USE_SNPRINTF || !HAVE_SNPRINTF_RETVAL_C99 || USE_MSVC__SNPRINTF
+
+/* Use a different function name, to make it possible that the 'wchar_t'
+   parametrization and the 'char' parametrization get compiled in the same
+   translation unit.  */
+# if WIDE_CHAR_VERSION
+#  define MAX_ROOM_NEEDED wmax_room_needed
+# else
+#  define MAX_ROOM_NEEDED max_room_needed
+# endif
+
+/* Returns the number of TCHAR_T units needed as temporary space for the result
+   of sprintf or SNPRINTF of a single conversion directive.  */
+static size_t
+MAX_ROOM_NEEDED (const arguments *ap, size_t arg_index, FCHAR_T conversion,
+                 arg_type type, int flags, size_t width, int has_precision,
+                 size_t precision, int pad_ourselves)
+{
+  size_t tmp_length;
+
+  switch (conversion)
+    {
+    case 'd': case 'i': case 'u':
+# if HAVE_LONG_LONG_INT
+      if (type == TYPE_LONGLONGINT || type == TYPE_ULONGLONGINT)
+        tmp_length =
+          (unsigned int) (sizeof (unsigned long long) * CHAR_BIT
+                          * 0.30103 /* binary -> decimal */
+                         )
+          + 1; /* turn floor into ceil */
+      else
+# endif
+      if (type == TYPE_LONGINT || type == TYPE_ULONGINT)
+        tmp_length =
+          (unsigned int) (sizeof (unsigned long) * CHAR_BIT
+                          * 0.30103 /* binary -> decimal */
+                         )
+          + 1; /* turn floor into ceil */
+      else
+        tmp_length =
+          (unsigned int) (sizeof (unsigned int) * CHAR_BIT
+                          * 0.30103 /* binary -> decimal */
+                         )
+          + 1; /* turn floor into ceil */
+      if (tmp_length < precision)
+        tmp_length = precision;
+      /* Multiply by 2, as an estimate for FLAG_GROUP.  */
+      tmp_length = xsum (tmp_length, tmp_length);
+      /* Add 1, to account for a leading sign.  */
+      tmp_length = xsum (tmp_length, 1);
+      break;
+
+    case 'o':
+# if HAVE_LONG_LONG_INT
+      if (type == TYPE_LONGLONGINT || type == TYPE_ULONGLONGINT)
+        tmp_length =
+          (unsigned int) (sizeof (unsigned long long) * CHAR_BIT
+                          * 0.333334 /* binary -> octal */
+                         )
+          + 1; /* turn floor into ceil */
+      else
+# endif
+      if (type == TYPE_LONGINT || type == TYPE_ULONGINT)
+        tmp_length =
+          (unsigned int) (sizeof (unsigned long) * CHAR_BIT
+                          * 0.333334 /* binary -> octal */
+                         )
+          + 1; /* turn floor into ceil */
+      else
+        tmp_length =
+          (unsigned int) (sizeof (unsigned int) * CHAR_BIT
+                          * 0.333334 /* binary -> octal */
+                         )
+          + 1; /* turn floor into ceil */
+      if (tmp_length < precision)
+        tmp_length = precision;
+      /* Add 1, to account for a leading sign.  */
+      tmp_length = xsum (tmp_length, 1);
+      break;
+
+    case 'x': case 'X':
+# if HAVE_LONG_LONG_INT
+      if (type == TYPE_LONGLONGINT || type == TYPE_ULONGLONGINT)
+        tmp_length =
+          (unsigned int) (sizeof (unsigned long long) * CHAR_BIT
+                          * 0.25 /* binary -> hexadecimal */
+                         )
+          + 1; /* turn floor into ceil */
+      else
+# endif
+      if (type == TYPE_LONGINT || type == TYPE_ULONGINT)
+        tmp_length =
+          (unsigned int) (sizeof (unsigned long) * CHAR_BIT
+                          * 0.25 /* binary -> hexadecimal */
+                         )
+          + 1; /* turn floor into ceil */
+      else
+        tmp_length =
+          (unsigned int) (sizeof (unsigned int) * CHAR_BIT
+                          * 0.25 /* binary -> hexadecimal */
+                         )
+          + 1; /* turn floor into ceil */
+      if (tmp_length < precision)
+        tmp_length = precision;
+      /* Add 2, to account for a leading sign or alternate form.  */
+      tmp_length = xsum (tmp_length, 2);
+      break;
+
+    case 'f': case 'F':
+      if (type == TYPE_LONGDOUBLE)
+        tmp_length =
+          (unsigned int) (LDBL_MAX_EXP
+                          * 0.30103 /* binary -> decimal */
+                          * 2 /* estimate for FLAG_GROUP */
+                         )
+          + 1 /* turn floor into ceil */
+          + 10; /* sign, decimal point etc. */
+      else
+        tmp_length =
+          (unsigned int) (DBL_MAX_EXP
+                          * 0.30103 /* binary -> decimal */
+                          * 2 /* estimate for FLAG_GROUP */
+                         )
+          + 1 /* turn floor into ceil */
+          + 10; /* sign, decimal point etc. */
+      tmp_length = xsum (tmp_length, precision);
+      break;
+
+    case 'e': case 'E': case 'g': case 'G':
+      tmp_length =
+        12; /* sign, decimal point, exponent etc. */
+      tmp_length = xsum (tmp_length, precision);
+      break;
+
+    case 'a': case 'A':
+      if (type == TYPE_LONGDOUBLE)
+        tmp_length =
+          (unsigned int) (LDBL_DIG
+                          * 0.831 /* decimal -> hexadecimal */
+                         )
+          + 1; /* turn floor into ceil */
+      else
+        tmp_length =
+          (unsigned int) (DBL_DIG
+                          * 0.831 /* decimal -> hexadecimal */
+                         )
+          + 1; /* turn floor into ceil */
+      if (tmp_length < precision)
+        tmp_length = precision;
+      /* Account for sign, decimal point etc. */
+      tmp_length = xsum (tmp_length, 12);
+      break;
+
+    case 'c':
+# if HAVE_WINT_T && !WIDE_CHAR_VERSION
+      if (type == TYPE_WIDE_CHAR)
+        tmp_length = MB_CUR_MAX;
+      else
+# endif
+        tmp_length = 1;
+      break;
+
+    case 's':
+# if HAVE_WCHAR_T
+      if (type == TYPE_WIDE_STRING)
+        {
+#  if WIDE_CHAR_VERSION
+          /* ISO C says about %ls in fwprintf:
+               "If the precision is not specified or is greater than the size
+                of the array, the array shall contain a null wide character."
+             So if there is a precision, we must not use wcslen.  */
+          const wchar_t *arg = ap->arg[arg_index].a.a_wide_string;
+
+          if (has_precision)
+            tmp_length = local_wcsnlen (arg, precision);
+          else
+            tmp_length = local_wcslen (arg);
+#  else
+          /* ISO C says about %ls in fprintf:
+               "If a precision is specified, no more than that many bytes are
+                written (including shift sequences, if any), and the array
+                shall contain a null wide character if, to equal the multibyte
+                character sequence length given by the precision, the function
+                would need to access a wide character one past the end of the
+                array."
+             So if there is a precision, we must not use wcslen.  */
+          /* This case has already been handled separately in VASNPRINTF.  */
+          abort ();
+#  endif
+        }
+      else
+# endif
+        {
+# if WIDE_CHAR_VERSION
+          /* ISO C says about %s in fwprintf:
+               "If the precision is not specified or is greater than the size
+                of the converted array, the converted array shall contain a
+                null wide character."
+             So if there is a precision, we must not use strlen.  */
+          /* This case has already been handled separately in VASNPRINTF.  */
+          abort ();
+# else
+          /* ISO C says about %s in fprintf:
+               "If the precision is not specified or greater than the size of
+                the array, the array shall contain a null character."
+             So if there is a precision, we must not use strlen.  */
+          const char *arg = ap->arg[arg_index].a.a_string;
+
+          if (has_precision)
+            tmp_length = local_strnlen (arg, precision);
+          else
+            tmp_length = strlen (arg);
+# endif
+        }
+      break;
+
+    case 'p':
+      tmp_length =
+        (unsigned int) (sizeof (void *) * CHAR_BIT
+                        * 0.25 /* binary -> hexadecimal */
+                       )
+          + 1 /* turn floor into ceil */
+          + 2; /* account for leading 0x */
+      break;
+
+    default:
+      abort ();
+    }
+
+  if (!pad_ourselves)
+    {
+# if ENABLE_UNISTDIO
+      /* Padding considers the number of characters, therefore the number of
+         elements after padding may be
+           > max (tmp_length, width)
+         but is certainly
+           <= tmp_length + width.  */
+      tmp_length = xsum (tmp_length, width);
+# else
+      /* Padding considers the number of elements, says POSIX.  */
+      if (tmp_length < width)
+        tmp_length = width;
+# endif
+    }
+
+  tmp_length = xsum (tmp_length, 1); /* account for trailing NUL */
+
+  return tmp_length;
+}
+
+#endif
+
+DCHAR_T *
+VASNPRINTF (DCHAR_T *resultbuf, size_t *lengthp,
+            const FCHAR_T *format, va_list args)
+{
+  DIRECTIVES d;
+  arguments a;
+
+  if (PRINTF_PARSE (format, &d, &a) < 0)
+    /* errno is already set.  */
+    return NULL;
+
+#define CLEANUP() \
+  if (d.dir != d.direct_alloc_dir)                                      \
+    free (d.dir);                                                       \
+  if (a.arg != a.direct_alloc_arg)                                      \
+    free (a.arg);
+
+  if (PRINTF_FETCHARGS (args, &a) < 0)
+    {
+      CLEANUP ();
+      errno = EINVAL;
+      return NULL;
+    }
+
+  {
+    size_t buf_neededlength;
+    TCHAR_T *buf;
+    TCHAR_T *buf_malloced;
+    const FCHAR_T *cp;
+    size_t i;
+    DIRECTIVE *dp;
+    /* Output string accumulator.  */
+    DCHAR_T *result;
+    size_t allocated;
+    size_t length;
+
+    /* Allocate a small buffer that will hold a directive passed to
+       sprintf or snprintf.  */
+    buf_neededlength =
+      xsum4 (7, d.max_width_length, d.max_precision_length, 6);
+#if HAVE_ALLOCA
+    if (buf_neededlength < 4000 / sizeof (TCHAR_T))
+      {
+        buf = (TCHAR_T *) alloca (buf_neededlength * sizeof (TCHAR_T));
+        buf_malloced = NULL;
+      }
+    else
+#endif
+      {
+        size_t buf_memsize = xtimes (buf_neededlength, sizeof (TCHAR_T));
+        if (size_overflow_p (buf_memsize))
+          goto out_of_memory_1;
+        buf = (TCHAR_T *) malloc (buf_memsize);
+        if (buf == NULL)
+          goto out_of_memory_1;
+        buf_malloced = buf;
+      }
+
+    if (resultbuf != NULL)
+      {
+        result = resultbuf;
+        allocated = *lengthp;
+      }
+    else
+      {
+        result = NULL;
+        allocated = 0;
+      }
+    length = 0;
+    /* Invariants:
+       result is either == resultbuf or == NULL or malloc-allocated.
+       If length > 0, then result != NULL.  */
+
+    /* Ensures that allocated >= needed.  Aborts through a jump to
+       out_of_memory if needed is SIZE_MAX or otherwise too big.  */
+#define ENSURE_ALLOCATION(needed) \
+    if ((needed) > allocated)                                                \
+      {                                                                      \
+        size_t memory_size;                                                  \
+        DCHAR_T *memory;                                                     \
+                                                                             \
+        allocated = (allocated > 0 ? xtimes (allocated, 2) : 12);            \
+        if ((needed) > allocated)                                            \
+          allocated = (needed);                                              \
+        memory_size = xtimes (allocated, sizeof (DCHAR_T));                  \
+        if (size_overflow_p (memory_size))                                   \
+          goto out_of_memory;                                                \
+        if (result == resultbuf || result == NULL)                           \
+          memory = (DCHAR_T *) malloc (memory_size);                         \
+        else                                                                 \
+          memory = (DCHAR_T *) realloc (result, memory_size);                \
+        if (memory == NULL)                                                  \
+          goto out_of_memory;                                                \
+        if (result == resultbuf && length > 0)                               \
+          DCHAR_CPY (memory, result, length);                                \
+        result = memory;                                                     \
+      }
+
+    for (cp = format, i = 0, dp = &d.dir[0]; ; cp = dp->dir_end, i++, dp++)
+      {
+        if (cp != dp->dir_start)
+          {
+            size_t n = dp->dir_start - cp;
+            size_t augmented_length = xsum (length, n);
+
+            ENSURE_ALLOCATION (augmented_length);
+            /* This copies a piece of FCHAR_T[] into a DCHAR_T[].  Here we
+               need that the format string contains only ASCII characters
+               if FCHAR_T and DCHAR_T are not the same type.  */
+            if (sizeof (FCHAR_T) == sizeof (DCHAR_T))
+              {
+                DCHAR_CPY (result + length, (const DCHAR_T *) cp, n);
+                length = augmented_length;
+              }
+            else
+              {
+                do
+                  result[length++] = *cp++;
+                while (--n > 0);
+              }
+          }
+        if (i == d.count)
+          break;
+
+        /* Execute a single directive.  */
+        if (dp->conversion == '%')
+          {
+            size_t augmented_length;
+
+            if (!(dp->arg_index == ARG_NONE))
+              abort ();
+            augmented_length = xsum (length, 1);
+            ENSURE_ALLOCATION (augmented_length);
+            result[length] = '%';
+            length = augmented_length;
+          }
+        else
+          {
+            if (!(dp->arg_index != ARG_NONE))
+              abort ();
+
+            if (dp->conversion == 'n')
+              {
+                switch (a.arg[dp->arg_index].type)
+                  {
+                  case TYPE_COUNT_SCHAR_POINTER:
+                    *a.arg[dp->arg_index].a.a_count_schar_pointer = length;
+                    break;
+                  case TYPE_COUNT_SHORT_POINTER:
+                    *a.arg[dp->arg_index].a.a_count_short_pointer = length;
+                    break;
+                  case TYPE_COUNT_INT_POINTER:
+                    *a.arg[dp->arg_index].a.a_count_int_pointer = length;
+                    break;
+                  case TYPE_COUNT_LONGINT_POINTER:
+                    *a.arg[dp->arg_index].a.a_count_longint_pointer = length;
+                    break;
+#if HAVE_LONG_LONG_INT
+                  case TYPE_COUNT_LONGLONGINT_POINTER:
+                    *a.arg[dp->arg_index].a.a_count_longlongint_pointer = length;
+                    break;
+#endif
+                  default:
+                    abort ();
+                  }
+              }
+#if ENABLE_UNISTDIO
+            /* The unistdio extensions.  */
+            else if (dp->conversion == 'U')
+              {
+                arg_type type = a.arg[dp->arg_index].type;
+                int flags = dp->flags;
+                int has_width;
+                size_t width;
+                int has_precision;
+                size_t precision;
+
+                has_width = 0;
+                width = 0;
+                if (dp->width_start != dp->width_end)
+                  {
+                    if (dp->width_arg_index != ARG_NONE)
+                      {
+                        int arg;
+
+                        if (!(a.arg[dp->width_arg_index].type == TYPE_INT))
+                          abort ();
+                        arg = a.arg[dp->width_arg_index].a.a_int;
+                        width = arg;
+                        if (arg < 0)
+                          {
+                            /* "A negative field width is taken as a '-' flag
+                                followed by a positive field width."  */
+                            flags |= FLAG_LEFT;
+                            width = -width;
+                          }
+                      }
+                    else
+                      {
+                        const FCHAR_T *digitp = dp->width_start;
+
+                        do
+                          width = xsum (xtimes (width, 10), *digitp++ - '0');
+                        while (digitp != dp->width_end);
+                      }
+                    has_width = 1;
+                  }
+
+                has_precision = 0;
+                precision = 0;
+                if (dp->precision_start != dp->precision_end)
+                  {
+                    if (dp->precision_arg_index != ARG_NONE)
+                      {
+                        int arg;
+
+                        if (!(a.arg[dp->precision_arg_index].type == TYPE_INT))
+                          abort ();
+                        arg = a.arg[dp->precision_arg_index].a.a_int;
+                        /* "A negative precision is taken as if the precision
+                            were omitted."  */
+                        if (arg >= 0)
+                          {
+                            precision = arg;
+                            has_precision = 1;
+                          }
+                      }
+                    else
+                      {
+                        const FCHAR_T *digitp = dp->precision_start + 1;
+
+                        precision = 0;
+                        while (digitp != dp->precision_end)
+                          precision = xsum (xtimes (precision, 10), *digitp++ - '0');
+                        has_precision = 1;
+                      }
+                  }
+
+                switch (type)
+                  {
+                  case TYPE_U8_STRING:
+                    {
+                      const uint8_t *arg = a.arg[dp->arg_index].a.a_u8_string;
+                      const uint8_t *arg_end;
+                      size_t characters;
+
+                      if (has_precision)
+                        {
+                          /* Use only PRECISION characters, from the left.  */
+                          arg_end = arg;
+                          characters = 0;
+                          for (; precision > 0; precision--)
+                            {
+                              int count = u8_strmblen (arg_end);
+                              if (count == 0)
+                                break;
+                              if (count < 0)
+                                {
+                                  if (!(result == resultbuf || result == NULL))
+                                    free (result);
+                                  if (buf_malloced != NULL)
+                                    free (buf_malloced);
+                                  CLEANUP ();
+                                  errno = EILSEQ;
+                                  return NULL;
+                                }
+                              arg_end += count;
+                              characters++;
+                            }
+                        }
+                      else if (has_width)
+                        {
+                          /* Use the entire string, and count the number of
+                             characters.  */
+                          arg_end = arg;
+                          characters = 0;
+                          for (;;)
+                            {
+                              int count = u8_strmblen (arg_end);
+                              if (count == 0)
+                                break;
+                              if (count < 0)
+                                {
+                                  if (!(result == resultbuf || result == NULL))
+                                    free (result);
+                                  if (buf_malloced != NULL)
+                                    free (buf_malloced);
+                                  CLEANUP ();
+                                  errno = EILSEQ;
+                                  return NULL;
+                                }
+                              arg_end += count;
+                              characters++;
+                            }
+                        }
+                      else
+                        {
+                          /* Use the entire string.  */
+                          arg_end = arg + u8_strlen (arg);
+                          /* The number of characters doesn't matter.  */
+                          characters = 0;
+                        }
+
+                      if (characters < width && !(dp->flags & FLAG_LEFT))
+                        {
+                          size_t n = width - characters;
+                          ENSURE_ALLOCATION (xsum (length, n));
+                          DCHAR_SET (result + length, ' ', n);
+                          length += n;
+                        }
+
+# if DCHAR_IS_UINT8_T
+                      {
+                        size_t n = arg_end - arg;
+                        ENSURE_ALLOCATION (xsum (length, n));
+                        DCHAR_CPY (result + length, arg, n);
+                        length += n;
+                      }
+# else
+                      { /* Convert.  */
+                        DCHAR_T *converted = result + length;
+                        size_t converted_len = allocated - length;
+#  if DCHAR_IS_TCHAR
+                        /* Convert from UTF-8 to locale encoding.  */
+                        converted =
+                          u8_conv_to_encoding (locale_charset (),
+                                               iconveh_question_mark,
+                                               arg, arg_end - arg, NULL,
+                                               converted, &converted_len);
+#  else
+                        /* Convert from UTF-8 to UTF-16/UTF-32.  */
+                        converted =
+                          U8_TO_DCHAR (arg, arg_end - arg,
+                                       converted, &converted_len);
+#  endif
+                        if (converted == NULL)
+                          {
+                            int saved_errno = errno;
+                            if (!(result == resultbuf || result == NULL))
+                              free (result);
+                            if (buf_malloced != NULL)
+                              free (buf_malloced);
+                            CLEANUP ();
+                            errno = saved_errno;
+                            return NULL;
+                          }
+                        if (converted != result + length)
+                          {
+                            ENSURE_ALLOCATION (xsum (length, converted_len));
+                            DCHAR_CPY (result + length, converted, converted_len);
+                            free (converted);
+                          }
+                        length += converted_len;
+                      }
+# endif
+
+                      if (characters < width && (dp->flags & FLAG_LEFT))
+                        {
+                          size_t n = width - characters;
+                          ENSURE_ALLOCATION (xsum (length, n));
+                          DCHAR_SET (result + length, ' ', n);
+                          length += n;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    break;
+
+                  case TYPE_U16_STRING:
+                    {
+                      const uint16_t *arg = a.arg[dp->arg_index].a.a_u16_string;
+                      const uint16_t *arg_end;
+                      size_t characters;
+
+                      if (has_precision)
+                        {
+                          /* Use only PRECISION characters, from the left.  */
+                          arg_end = arg;
+                          characters = 0;
+                          for (; precision > 0; precision--)
+                            {
+                              int count = u16_strmblen (arg_end);
+                              if (count == 0)
+                                break;
+                              if (count < 0)
+                                {
+                                  if (!(result == resultbuf || result == NULL))
+                                    free (result);
+                                  if (buf_malloced != NULL)
+                                    free (buf_malloced);
+                                  CLEANUP ();
+                                  errno = EILSEQ;
+                                  return NULL;
+                                }
+                              arg_end += count;
+                              characters++;
+                            }
+                        }
+                      else if (has_width)
+                        {
+                          /* Use the entire string, and count the number of
+                             characters.  */
+                          arg_end = arg;
+                          characters = 0;
+                          for (;;)
+                            {
+                              int count = u16_strmblen (arg_end);
+                              if (count == 0)
+                                break;
+                              if (count < 0)
+                                {
+                                  if (!(result == resultbuf || result == NULL))
+                                    free (result);
+                                  if (buf_malloced != NULL)
+                                    free (buf_malloced);
+                                  CLEANUP ();
+                                  errno = EILSEQ;
+                                  return NULL;
+                                }
+                              arg_end += count;
+                              characters++;
+                            }
+                        }
+                      else
+                        {
+                          /* Use the entire string.  */
+                          arg_end = arg + u16_strlen (arg);
+                          /* The number of characters doesn't matter.  */
+                          characters = 0;
+                        }
+
+                      if (characters < width && !(dp->flags & FLAG_LEFT))
+                        {
+                          size_t n = width - characters;
+                          ENSURE_ALLOCATION (xsum (length, n));
+                          DCHAR_SET (result + length, ' ', n);
+                          length += n;
+                        }
+
+# if DCHAR_IS_UINT16_T
+                      {
+                        size_t n = arg_end - arg;
+                        ENSURE_ALLOCATION (xsum (length, n));
+                        DCHAR_CPY (result + length, arg, n);
+                        length += n;
+                      }
+# else
+                      { /* Convert.  */
+                        DCHAR_T *converted = result + length;
+                        size_t converted_len = allocated - length;
+#  if DCHAR_IS_TCHAR
+                        /* Convert from UTF-16 to locale encoding.  */
+                        converted =
+                          u16_conv_to_encoding (locale_charset (),
+                                                iconveh_question_mark,
+                                                arg, arg_end - arg, NULL,
+                                                converted, &converted_len);
+#  else
+                        /* Convert from UTF-16 to UTF-8/UTF-32.  */
+                        converted =
+                          U16_TO_DCHAR (arg, arg_end - arg,
+                                        converted, &converted_len);
+#  endif
+                        if (converted == NULL)
+                          {
+                            int saved_errno = errno;
+                            if (!(result == resultbuf || result == NULL))
+                              free (result);
+                            if (buf_malloced != NULL)
+                              free (buf_malloced);
+                            CLEANUP ();
+                            errno = saved_errno;
+                            return NULL;
+                          }
+                        if (converted != result + length)
+                          {
+                            ENSURE_ALLOCATION (xsum (length, converted_len));
+                            DCHAR_CPY (result + length, converted, converted_len);
+                            free (converted);
+                          }
+                        length += converted_len;
+                      }
+# endif
+
+                      if (characters < width && (dp->flags & FLAG_LEFT))
+                        {
+                          size_t n = width - characters;
+                          ENSURE_ALLOCATION (xsum (length, n));
+                          DCHAR_SET (result + length, ' ', n);
+                          length += n;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    break;
+
+                  case TYPE_U32_STRING:
+                    {
+                      const uint32_t *arg = a.arg[dp->arg_index].a.a_u32_string;
+                      const uint32_t *arg_end;
+                      size_t characters;
+
+                      if (has_precision)
+                        {
+                          /* Use only PRECISION characters, from the left.  */
+                          arg_end = arg;
+                          characters = 0;
+                          for (; precision > 0; precision--)
+                            {
+                              int count = u32_strmblen (arg_end);
+                              if (count == 0)
+                                break;
+                              if (count < 0)
+                                {
+                                  if (!(result == resultbuf || result == NULL))
+                                    free (result);
+                                  if (buf_malloced != NULL)
+                                    free (buf_malloced);
+                                  CLEANUP ();
+                                  errno = EILSEQ;
+                                  return NULL;
+                                }
+                              arg_end += count;
+                              characters++;
+                            }
+                        }
+                      else if (has_width)
+                        {
+                          /* Use the entire string, and count the number of
+                             characters.  */
+                          arg_end = arg;
+                          characters = 0;
+                          for (;;)
+                            {
+                              int count = u32_strmblen (arg_end);
+                              if (count == 0)
+                                break;
+                              if (count < 0)
+                                {
+                                  if (!(result == resultbuf || result == NULL))
+                                    free (result);
+                                  if (buf_malloced != NULL)
+                                    free (buf_malloced);
+                                  CLEANUP ();
+                                  errno = EILSEQ;
+                                  return NULL;
+                                }
+                              arg_end += count;
+                              characters++;
+                            }
+                        }
+                      else
+                        {
+                          /* Use the entire string.  */
+                          arg_end = arg + u32_strlen (arg);
+                          /* The number of characters doesn't matter.  */
+                          characters = 0;
+                        }
+
+                      if (characters < width && !(dp->flags & FLAG_LEFT))
+                        {
+                          size_t n = width - characters;
+                          ENSURE_ALLOCATION (xsum (length, n));
+                          DCHAR_SET (result + length, ' ', n);
+                          length += n;
+                        }
+
+# if DCHAR_IS_UINT32_T
+                      {
+                        size_t n = arg_end - arg;
+                        ENSURE_ALLOCATION (xsum (length, n));
+                        DCHAR_CPY (result + length, arg, n);
+                        length += n;
+                      }
+# else
+                      { /* Convert.  */
+                        DCHAR_T *converted = result + length;
+                        size_t converted_len = allocated - length;
+#  if DCHAR_IS_TCHAR
+                        /* Convert from UTF-32 to locale encoding.  */
+                        converted =
+                          u32_conv_to_encoding (locale_charset (),
+                                                iconveh_question_mark,
+                                                arg, arg_end - arg, NULL,
+                                                converted, &converted_len);
+#  else
+                        /* Convert from UTF-32 to UTF-8/UTF-16.  */
+                        converted =
+                          U32_TO_DCHAR (arg, arg_end - arg,
+                                        converted, &converted_len);
+#  endif
+                        if (converted == NULL)
+                          {
+                            int saved_errno = errno;
+                            if (!(result == resultbuf || result == NULL))
+                              free (result);
+                            if (buf_malloced != NULL)
+                              free (buf_malloced);
+                            CLEANUP ();
+                            errno = saved_errno;
+                            return NULL;
+                          }
+                        if (converted != result + length)
+                          {
+                            ENSURE_ALLOCATION (xsum (length, converted_len));
+                            DCHAR_CPY (result + length, converted, converted_len);
+                            free (converted);
+                          }
+                        length += converted_len;
+                      }
+# endif
+
+                      if (characters < width && (dp->flags & FLAG_LEFT))
+                        {
+                          size_t n = width - characters;
+                          ENSURE_ALLOCATION (xsum (length, n));
+                          DCHAR_SET (result + length, ' ', n);
+                          length += n;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    break;
+
+                  default:
+                    abort ();
+                  }
+              }
+#endif
+#if (!USE_SNPRINTF || !HAVE_SNPRINTF_RETVAL_C99 || USE_MSVC__SNPRINTF || (NEED_PRINTF_DIRECTIVE_LS && !defined IN_LIBINTL)) && HAVE_WCHAR_T
+            else if (dp->conversion == 's'
+# if WIDE_CHAR_VERSION
+                     && a.arg[dp->arg_index].type != TYPE_WIDE_STRING
+# else
+                     && a.arg[dp->arg_index].type == TYPE_WIDE_STRING
+# endif
+                    )
+              {
+                /* The normal handling of the 's' directive below requires
+                   allocating a temporary buffer.  The determination of its
+                   length (tmp_length), in the case when a precision is
+                   specified, below requires a conversion between a char[]
+                   string and a wchar_t[] wide string.  It could be done, but
+                   we have no guarantee that the implementation of sprintf will
+                   use the exactly same algorithm.  Without this guarantee, it
+                   is possible to have buffer overrun bugs.  In order to avoid
+                   such bugs, we implement the entire processing of the 's'
+                   directive ourselves.  */
+                int flags = dp->flags;
+                int has_width;
+                size_t width;
+                int has_precision;
+                size_t precision;
+
+                has_width = 0;
+                width = 0;
+                if (dp->width_start != dp->width_end)
+                  {
+                    if (dp->width_arg_index != ARG_NONE)
+                      {
+                        int arg;
+
+                        if (!(a.arg[dp->width_arg_index].type == TYPE_INT))
+                          abort ();
+                        arg = a.arg[dp->width_arg_index].a.a_int;
+                        width = arg;
+                        if (arg < 0)
+                          {
+                            /* "A negative field width is taken as a '-' flag
+                                followed by a positive field width."  */
+                            flags |= FLAG_LEFT;
+                            width = -width;
+                          }
+                      }
+                    else
+                      {
+                        const FCHAR_T *digitp = dp->width_start;
+
+                        do
+                          width = xsum (xtimes (width, 10), *digitp++ - '0');
+                        while (digitp != dp->width_end);
+                      }
+                    has_width = 1;
+                  }
+
+                has_precision = 0;
+                precision = 6;
+                if (dp->precision_start != dp->precision_end)
+                  {
+                    if (dp->precision_arg_index != ARG_NONE)
+                      {
+                        int arg;
+
+                        if (!(a.arg[dp->precision_arg_index].type == TYPE_INT))
+                          abort ();
+                        arg = a.arg[dp->precision_arg_index].a.a_int;
+                        /* "A negative precision is taken as if the precision
+                            were omitted."  */
+                        if (arg >= 0)
+                          {
+                            precision = arg;
+                            has_precision = 1;
+                          }
+                      }
+                    else
+                      {
+                        const FCHAR_T *digitp = dp->precision_start + 1;
+
+                        precision = 0;
+                        while (digitp != dp->precision_end)
+                          precision = xsum (xtimes (precision, 10), *digitp++ - '0');
+                        has_precision = 1;
+                      }
+                  }
+
+# if WIDE_CHAR_VERSION
+                /* %s in vasnwprintf.  See the specification of fwprintf.  */
+                {
+                  const char *arg = a.arg[dp->arg_index].a.a_string;
+                  const char *arg_end;
+                  size_t characters;
+
+                  if (has_precision)
+                    {
+                      /* Use only as many bytes as needed to produce PRECISION
+                         wide characters, from the left.  */
+#  if HAVE_MBRTOWC
+                      mbstate_t state;
+                      memset (&state, '\0', sizeof (mbstate_t));
+#  endif
+                      arg_end = arg;
+                      characters = 0;
+                      for (; precision > 0; precision--)
+                        {
+                          int count;
+#  if HAVE_MBRTOWC
+                          count = mbrlen (arg_end, MB_CUR_MAX, &state);
+#  else
+                          count = mblen (arg_end, MB_CUR_MAX);
+#  endif
+                          if (count == 0)
+                            /* Found the terminating NUL.  */
+                            break;
+                          if (count < 0)
+                            {
+                              /* Invalid or incomplete multibyte character.  */
+                              if (!(result == resultbuf || result == NULL))
+                                free (result);
+                              if (buf_malloced != NULL)
+                                free (buf_malloced);
+                              CLEANUP ();
+                              errno = EILSEQ;
+                              return NULL;
+                            }
+                          arg_end += count;
+                          characters++;
+                        }
+                    }
+                  else if (has_width)
+                    {
+                      /* Use the entire string, and count the number of wide
+                         characters.  */
+#  if HAVE_MBRTOWC
+                      mbstate_t state;
+                      memset (&state, '\0', sizeof (mbstate_t));
+#  endif
+                      arg_end = arg;
+                      characters = 0;
+                      for (;;)
+                        {
+                          int count;
+#  if HAVE_MBRTOWC
+                          count = mbrlen (arg_end, MB_CUR_MAX, &state);
+#  else
+                          count = mblen (arg_end, MB_CUR_MAX);
+#  endif
+                          if (count == 0)
+                            /* Found the terminating NUL.  */
+                            break;
+                          if (count < 0)
+                            {
+                              /* Invalid or incomplete multibyte character.  */
+                              if (!(result == resultbuf || result == NULL))
+                                free (result);
+                              if (buf_malloced != NULL)
+                                free (buf_malloced);
+                              CLEANUP ();
+                              errno = EILSEQ;
+                              return NULL;
+                            }
+                          arg_end += count;
+                          characters++;
+                        }
+                    }
+                  else
+                    {
+                      /* Use the entire string.  */
+                      arg_end = arg + strlen (arg);
+                      /* The number of characters doesn't matter.  */
+                      characters = 0;
+                    }
+
+                  if (characters < width && !(dp->flags & FLAG_LEFT))
+                    {
+                      size_t n = width - characters;
+                      ENSURE_ALLOCATION (xsum (length, n));
+                      DCHAR_SET (result + length, ' ', n);
+                      length += n;
+                    }
+
+                  if (has_precision || has_width)
+                    {
+                      /* We know the number of wide characters in advance.  */
+                      size_t remaining;
+#  if HAVE_MBRTOWC
+                      mbstate_t state;
+                      memset (&state, '\0', sizeof (mbstate_t));
+#  endif
+                      ENSURE_ALLOCATION (xsum (length, characters));
+                      for (remaining = characters; remaining > 0; remaining--)
+                        {
+                          wchar_t wc;
+                          int count;
+#  if HAVE_MBRTOWC
+                          count = mbrtowc (&wc, arg, arg_end - arg, &state);
+#  else
+                          count = mbtowc (&wc, arg, arg_end - arg);
+#  endif
+                          if (count <= 0)
+                            /* mbrtowc not consistent with mbrlen, or mbtowc
+                               not consistent with mblen.  */
+                            abort ();
+                          result[length++] = wc;
+                          arg += count;
+                        }
+                      if (!(arg == arg_end))
+                        abort ();
+                    }
+                  else
+                    {
+#  if HAVE_MBRTOWC
+                      mbstate_t state;
+                      memset (&state, '\0', sizeof (mbstate_t));
+#  endif
+                      while (arg < arg_end)
+                        {
+                          wchar_t wc;
+                          int count;
+#  if HAVE_MBRTOWC
+                          count = mbrtowc (&wc, arg, arg_end - arg, &state);
+#  else
+                          count = mbtowc (&wc, arg, arg_end - arg);
+#  endif
+                          if (count <= 0)
+                            /* mbrtowc not consistent with mbrlen, or mbtowc
+                               not consistent with mblen.  */
+                            abort ();
+                          ENSURE_ALLOCATION (xsum (length, 1));
+                          result[length++] = wc;
+                          arg += count;
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                  if (characters < width && (dp->flags & FLAG_LEFT))
+                    {
+                      size_t n = width - characters;
+                      ENSURE_ALLOCATION (xsum (length, n));
+                      DCHAR_SET (result + length, ' ', n);
+                      length += n;
+                    }
+                }
+# else
+                /* %ls in vasnprintf.  See the specification of fprintf.  */
+                {
+                  const wchar_t *arg = a.arg[dp->arg_index].a.a_wide_string;
+                  const wchar_t *arg_end;
+                  size_t characters;
+#  if !DCHAR_IS_TCHAR
+                  /* This code assumes that TCHAR_T is 'char'.  */
+                  verify (sizeof (TCHAR_T) == 1);
+                  TCHAR_T *tmpsrc;
+                  DCHAR_T *tmpdst;
+                  size_t tmpdst_len;
+#  endif
+                  size_t w;
+
+                  if (has_precision)
+                    {
+                      /* Use only as many wide characters as needed to produce
+                         at most PRECISION bytes, from the left.  */
+#  if HAVE_WCRTOMB && !defined GNULIB_defined_mbstate_t
+                      mbstate_t state;
+                      memset (&state, '\0', sizeof (mbstate_t));
+#  endif
+                      arg_end = arg;
+                      characters = 0;
+                      while (precision > 0)
+                        {
+                          char cbuf[64]; /* Assume MB_CUR_MAX <= 64.  */
+                          int count;
+
+                          if (*arg_end == 0)
+                            /* Found the terminating null wide character.  */
+                            break;
+#  if HAVE_WCRTOMB && !defined GNULIB_defined_mbstate_t
+                          count = wcrtomb (cbuf, *arg_end, &state);
+#  else
+                          count = wctomb (cbuf, *arg_end);
+#  endif
+                          if (count < 0)
+                            {
+                              /* Cannot convert.  */
+                              if (!(result == resultbuf || result == NULL))
+                                free (result);
+                              if (buf_malloced != NULL)
+                                free (buf_malloced);
+                              CLEANUP ();
+                              errno = EILSEQ;
+                              return NULL;
+                            }
+                          if (precision < (unsigned int) count)
+                            break;
+                          arg_end++;
+                          characters += count;
+                          precision -= count;
+                        }
+                    }
+#  if DCHAR_IS_TCHAR
+                  else if (has_width)
+#  else
+                  else
+#  endif
+                    {
+                      /* Use the entire string, and count the number of
+                         bytes.  */
+#  if HAVE_WCRTOMB && !defined GNULIB_defined_mbstate_t
+                      mbstate_t state;
+                      memset (&state, '\0', sizeof (mbstate_t));
+#  endif
+                      arg_end = arg;
+                      characters = 0;
+                      for (;;)
+                        {
+                          char cbuf[64]; /* Assume MB_CUR_MAX <= 64.  */
+                          int count;
+
+                          if (*arg_end == 0)
+                            /* Found the terminating null wide character.  */
+                            break;
+#  if HAVE_WCRTOMB && !defined GNULIB_defined_mbstate_t
+                          count = wcrtomb (cbuf, *arg_end, &state);
+#  else
+                          count = wctomb (cbuf, *arg_end);
+#  endif
+                          if (count < 0)
+                            {
+                              /* Cannot convert.  */
+                              if (!(result == resultbuf || result == NULL))
+                                free (result);
+                              if (buf_malloced != NULL)
+                                free (buf_malloced);
+                              CLEANUP ();
+                              errno = EILSEQ;
+                              return NULL;
+                            }
+                          arg_end++;
+                          characters += count;
+                        }
+                    }
+#  if DCHAR_IS_TCHAR
+                  else
+                    {
+                      /* Use the entire string.  */
+                      arg_end = arg + local_wcslen (arg);
+                      /* The number of bytes doesn't matter.  */
+                      characters = 0;
+                    }
+#  endif
+
+#  if !DCHAR_IS_TCHAR
+                  /* Convert the string into a piece of temporary memory.  */
+                  tmpsrc = (TCHAR_T *) malloc (characters * sizeof (TCHAR_T));
+                  if (tmpsrc == NULL)
+                    goto out_of_memory;
+                  {
+                    TCHAR_T *tmpptr = tmpsrc;
+                    size_t remaining;
+#   if HAVE_WCRTOMB && !defined GNULIB_defined_mbstate_t
+                    mbstate_t state;
+                    memset (&state, '\0', sizeof (mbstate_t));
+#   endif
+                    for (remaining = characters; remaining > 0; )
+                      {
+                        char cbuf[64]; /* Assume MB_CUR_MAX <= 64.  */
+                        int count;
+
+                        if (*arg == 0)
+                          abort ();
+#   if HAVE_WCRTOMB && !defined GNULIB_defined_mbstate_t
+                        count = wcrtomb (cbuf, *arg, &state);
+#   else
+                        count = wctomb (cbuf, *arg);
+#   endif
+                        if (count <= 0)
+                          /* Inconsistency.  */
+                          abort ();
+                        memcpy (tmpptr, cbuf, count);
+                        tmpptr += count;
+                        arg++;
+                        remaining -= count;
+                      }
+                    if (!(arg == arg_end))
+                      abort ();
+                  }
+
+                  /* Convert from TCHAR_T[] to DCHAR_T[].  */
+                  tmpdst =
+                    DCHAR_CONV_FROM_ENCODING (locale_charset (),
+                                              iconveh_question_mark,
+                                              tmpsrc, characters,
+                                              NULL,
+                                              NULL, &tmpdst_len);
+                  if (tmpdst == NULL)
+                    {
+                      int saved_errno = errno;
+                      free (tmpsrc);
+                      if (!(result == resultbuf || result == NULL))
+                        free (result);
+                      if (buf_malloced != NULL)
+                        free (buf_malloced);
+                      CLEANUP ();
+                      errno = saved_errno;
+                      return NULL;
+                    }
+                  free (tmpsrc);
+#  endif
+
+                  if (has_width)
+                    {
+#  if ENABLE_UNISTDIO
+                      /* Outside POSIX, it's preferable to compare the width
+                         against the number of _characters_ of the converted
+                         value.  */
+                      w = DCHAR_MBSNLEN (result + length, characters);
+#  else
+                      /* The width is compared against the number of _bytes_
+                         of the converted value, says POSIX.  */
+                      w = characters;
+#  endif
+                    }
+                  else
+                    /* w doesn't matter.  */
+                    w = 0;
+
+                  if (w < width && !(dp->flags & FLAG_LEFT))
+                    {
+                      size_t n = width - w;
+                      ENSURE_ALLOCATION (xsum (length, n));
+                      DCHAR_SET (result + length, ' ', n);
+                      length += n;
+                    }
+
+#  if DCHAR_IS_TCHAR
+                  if (has_precision || has_width)
+                    {
+                      /* We know the number of bytes in advance.  */
+                      size_t remaining;
+#   if HAVE_WCRTOMB && !defined GNULIB_defined_mbstate_t
+                      mbstate_t state;
+                      memset (&state, '\0', sizeof (mbstate_t));
+#   endif
+                      ENSURE_ALLOCATION (xsum (length, characters));
+                      for (remaining = characters; remaining > 0; )
+                        {
+                          char cbuf[64]; /* Assume MB_CUR_MAX <= 64.  */
+                          int count;
+
+                          if (*arg == 0)
+                            abort ();
+#   if HAVE_WCRTOMB && !defined GNULIB_defined_mbstate_t
+                          count = wcrtomb (cbuf, *arg, &state);
+#   else
+                          count = wctomb (cbuf, *arg);
+#   endif
+                          if (count <= 0)
+                            /* Inconsistency.  */
+                            abort ();
+                          memcpy (result + length, cbuf, count);
+                          length += count;
+                          arg++;
+                          remaining -= count;
+                        }
+                      if (!(arg == arg_end))
+                        abort ();
+                    }
+                  else
+                    {
+#   if HAVE_WCRTOMB && !defined GNULIB_defined_mbstate_t
+                      mbstate_t state;
+                      memset (&state, '\0', sizeof (mbstate_t));
+#   endif
+                      while (arg < arg_end)
+                        {
+                          char cbuf[64]; /* Assume MB_CUR_MAX <= 64.  */
+                          int count;
+
+                          if (*arg == 0)
+                            abort ();
+#   if HAVE_WCRTOMB && !defined GNULIB_defined_mbstate_t
+                          count = wcrtomb (cbuf, *arg, &state);
+#   else
+                          count = wctomb (cbuf, *arg);
+#   endif
+                          if (count <= 0)
+                            {
+                              /* Cannot convert.  */
+                              if (!(result == resultbuf || result == NULL))
+                                free (result);
+                              if (buf_malloced != NULL)
+                                free (buf_malloced);
+                              CLEANUP ();
+                              errno = EILSEQ;
+                              return NULL;
+                            }
+                          ENSURE_ALLOCATION (xsum (length, count));
+                          memcpy (result + length, cbuf, count);
+                          length += count;
+                          arg++;
+                        }
+                    }
+#  else
+                  ENSURE_ALLOCATION (xsum (length, tmpdst_len));
+                  DCHAR_CPY (result + length, tmpdst, tmpdst_len);
+                  free (tmpdst);
+                  length += tmpdst_len;
+#  endif
+
+                  if (w < width && (dp->flags & FLAG_LEFT))
+                    {
+                      size_t n = width - w;
+                      ENSURE_ALLOCATION (xsum (length, n));
+                      DCHAR_SET (result + length, ' ', n);
+                      length += n;
+                    }
+                }
+# endif
+              }
+#endif
+#if (NEED_PRINTF_DIRECTIVE_A || NEED_PRINTF_LONG_DOUBLE || NEED_PRINTF_DOUBLE) && !defined IN_LIBINTL
+            else if ((dp->conversion == 'a' || dp->conversion == 'A')
+# if !(NEED_PRINTF_DIRECTIVE_A || (NEED_PRINTF_LONG_DOUBLE && NEED_PRINTF_DOUBLE))
+                     && (0
+#  if NEED_PRINTF_DOUBLE
+                         || a.arg[dp->arg_index].type == TYPE_DOUBLE
+#  endif
+#  if NEED_PRINTF_LONG_DOUBLE
+                         || a.arg[dp->arg_index].type == TYPE_LONGDOUBLE
+#  endif
+                        )
+# endif
+                    )
+              {
+                arg_type type = a.arg[dp->arg_index].type;
+                int flags = dp->flags;
+                size_t width;
+                int has_precision;
+                size_t precision;
+                size_t tmp_length;
+                size_t count;
+                DCHAR_T tmpbuf[700];
+                DCHAR_T *tmp;
+                DCHAR_T *pad_ptr;
+                DCHAR_T *p;
+
+                width = 0;
+                if (dp->width_start != dp->width_end)
+                  {
+                    if (dp->width_arg_index != ARG_NONE)
+                      {
+                        int arg;
+
+                        if (!(a.arg[dp->width_arg_index].type == TYPE_INT))
+                          abort ();
+                        arg = a.arg[dp->width_arg_index].a.a_int;
+                        width = arg;
+                        if (arg < 0)
+                          {
+                            /* "A negative field width is taken as a '-' flag
+                                followed by a positive field width."  */
+                            flags |= FLAG_LEFT;
+                            width = -width;
+                          }
+                      }
+                    else
+                      {
+                        const FCHAR_T *digitp = dp->width_start;
+
+                        do
+                          width = xsum (xtimes (width, 10), *digitp++ - '0');
+                        while (digitp != dp->width_end);
+                      }
+                  }
+
+                has_precision = 0;
+                precision = 0;
+                if (dp->precision_start != dp->precision_end)
+                  {
+                    if (dp->precision_arg_index != ARG_NONE)
+                      {
+                        int arg;
+
+                        if (!(a.arg[dp->precision_arg_index].type == TYPE_INT))
+                          abort ();
+                        arg = a.arg[dp->precision_arg_index].a.a_int;
+                        /* "A negative precision is taken as if the precision
+                            were omitted."  */
+                        if (arg >= 0)
+                          {
+                            precision = arg;
+                            has_precision = 1;
+                          }
+                      }
+                    else
+                      {
+                        const FCHAR_T *digitp = dp->precision_start + 1;
+
+                        precision = 0;
+                        while (digitp != dp->precision_end)
+                          precision = xsum (xtimes (precision, 10), *digitp++ - '0');
+                        has_precision = 1;
+                      }
+                  }
+
+                /* Allocate a temporary buffer of sufficient size.  */
+                if (type == TYPE_LONGDOUBLE)
+                  tmp_length =
+                    (unsigned int) ((LDBL_DIG + 1)
+                                    * 0.831 /* decimal -> hexadecimal */
+                                   )
+                    + 1; /* turn floor into ceil */
+                else
+                  tmp_length =
+                    (unsigned int) ((DBL_DIG + 1)
+                                    * 0.831 /* decimal -> hexadecimal */
+                                   )
+                    + 1; /* turn floor into ceil */
+                if (tmp_length < precision)
+                  tmp_length = precision;
+                /* Account for sign, decimal point etc. */
+                tmp_length = xsum (tmp_length, 12);
+
+                if (tmp_length < width)
+                  tmp_length = width;
+
+                tmp_length = xsum (tmp_length, 1); /* account for trailing NUL */
+
+                if (tmp_length <= sizeof (tmpbuf) / sizeof (DCHAR_T))
+                  tmp = tmpbuf;
+                else
+                  {
+                    size_t tmp_memsize = xtimes (tmp_length, sizeof (DCHAR_T));
+
+                    if (size_overflow_p (tmp_memsize))
+                      /* Overflow, would lead to out of memory.  */
+                      goto out_of_memory;
+                    tmp = (DCHAR_T *) malloc (tmp_memsize);
+                    if (tmp == NULL)
+                      /* Out of memory.  */
+                      goto out_of_memory;
+                  }
+
+                pad_ptr = NULL;
+                p = tmp;
+                if (type == TYPE_LONGDOUBLE)
+                  {
+# if NEED_PRINTF_DIRECTIVE_A || NEED_PRINTF_LONG_DOUBLE
+                    long double arg = a.arg[dp->arg_index].a.a_longdouble;
+
+                    if (isnanl (arg))
+                      {
+                        if (dp->conversion == 'A')
+                          {
+                            *p++ = 'N'; *p++ = 'A'; *p++ = 'N';
+                          }
+                        else
+                          {
+                            *p++ = 'n'; *p++ = 'a'; *p++ = 'n';
+                          }
+                      }
+                    else
+                      {
+                        int sign = 0;
+                        DECL_LONG_DOUBLE_ROUNDING
+
+                        BEGIN_LONG_DOUBLE_ROUNDING ();
+
+                        if (signbit (arg)) /* arg < 0.0L or negative zero */
+                          {
+                            sign = -1;
+                            arg = -arg;
+                          }
+
+                        if (sign < 0)
+                          *p++ = '-';
+                        else if (flags & FLAG_SHOWSIGN)
+                          *p++ = '+';
+                        else if (flags & FLAG_SPACE)
+                          *p++ = ' ';
+
+                        if (arg > 0.0L && arg + arg == arg)
+                          {
+                            if (dp->conversion == 'A')
+                              {
+                                *p++ = 'I'; *p++ = 'N'; *p++ = 'F';
+                              }
+                            else
+                              {
+                                *p++ = 'i'; *p++ = 'n'; *p++ = 'f';
+                              }
+                          }
+                        else
+                          {
+                            int exponent;
+                            long double mantissa;
+
+                            if (arg > 0.0L)
+                              mantissa = printf_frexpl (arg, &exponent);
+                            else
+                              {
+                                exponent = 0;
+                                mantissa = 0.0L;
+                              }
+
+                            if (has_precision
+                                && precision < (unsigned int) ((LDBL_DIG + 1) * 0.831) + 1)
+                              {
+                                /* Round the mantissa.  */
+                                long double tail = mantissa;
+                                size_t q;
+
+                                for (q = precision; ; q--)
+                                  {
+                                    int digit = (int) tail;
+                                    tail -= digit;
+                                    if (q == 0)
+                                      {
+                                        if (digit & 1 ? tail >= 0.5L : tail > 0.5L)
+                                          tail = 1 - tail;
+                                        else
+                                          tail = - tail;
+                                        break;
+                                      }
+                                    tail *= 16.0L;
+                                  }
+                                if (tail != 0.0L)
+                                  for (q = precision; q > 0; q--)
+                                    tail *= 0.0625L;
+                                mantissa += tail;
+                              }
+
+                            *p++ = '0';
+                            *p++ = dp->conversion - 'A' + 'X';
+                            pad_ptr = p;
+                            {
+                              int digit;
+
+                              digit = (int) mantissa;
+                              mantissa -= digit;
+                              *p++ = '0' + digit;
+                              if ((flags & FLAG_ALT)
+                                  || mantissa > 0.0L || precision > 0)
+                                {
+                                  *p++ = decimal_point_char ();
+                                  /* This loop terminates because we assume
+                                     that FLT_RADIX is a power of 2.  */
+                                  while (mantissa > 0.0L)
+                                    {
+                                      mantissa *= 16.0L;
+                                      digit = (int) mantissa;
+                                      mantissa -= digit;
+                                      *p++ = digit
+                                             + (digit < 10
+                                                ? '0'
+                                                : dp->conversion - 10);
+                                      if (precision > 0)
+                                        precision--;
+                                    }
+                                  while (precision > 0)
+                                    {
+                                      *p++ = '0';
+                                      precision--;
+                                    }
+                                }
+                              }
+                              *p++ = dp->conversion - 'A' + 'P';
+#  if WIDE_CHAR_VERSION
+                              {
+                                static const wchar_t decimal_format[] =
+                                  { '%', '+', 'd', '\0' };
+                                SNPRINTF (p, 6 + 1, decimal_format, exponent);
+                              }
+                              while (*p != '\0')
+                                p++;
+#  else
+                              if (sizeof (DCHAR_T) == 1)
+                                {
+                                  sprintf ((char *) p, "%+d", exponent);
+                                  while (*p != '\0')
+                                    p++;
+                                }
+                              else
+                                {
+                                  char expbuf[6 + 1];
+                                  const char *ep;
+                                  sprintf (expbuf, "%+d", exponent);
+                                  for (ep = expbuf; (*p = *ep) != '\0'; ep++)
+                                    p++;
+                                }
+#  endif
+                          }
+
+                        END_LONG_DOUBLE_ROUNDING ();
+                      }
+# else
+                    abort ();
+# endif
+                  }
+                else
+                  {
+# if NEED_PRINTF_DIRECTIVE_A || NEED_PRINTF_DOUBLE
+                    double arg = a.arg[dp->arg_index].a.a_double;
+
+                    if (isnand (arg))
+                      {
+                        if (dp->conversion == 'A')
+                          {
+                            *p++ = 'N'; *p++ = 'A'; *p++ = 'N';
+                          }
+                        else
+                          {
+                            *p++ = 'n'; *p++ = 'a'; *p++ = 'n';
+                          }
+                      }
+                    else
+                      {
+                        int sign = 0;
+
+                        if (signbit (arg)) /* arg < 0.0 or negative zero */
+                          {
+                            sign = -1;
+                            arg = -arg;
+                          }
+
+                        if (sign < 0)
+                          *p++ = '-';
+                        else if (flags & FLAG_SHOWSIGN)
+                          *p++ = '+';
+                        else if (flags & FLAG_SPACE)
+                          *p++ = ' ';
+
+                        if (arg > 0.0 && arg + arg == arg)
+                          {
+                            if (dp->conversion == 'A')
+                              {
+                                *p++ = 'I'; *p++ = 'N'; *p++ = 'F';
+                              }
+                            else
+                              {
+                                *p++ = 'i'; *p++ = 'n'; *p++ = 'f';
+                              }
+                          }
+                        else
+                          {
+                            int exponent;
+                            double mantissa;
+
+                            if (arg > 0.0)
+                              mantissa = printf_frexp (arg, &exponent);
+                            else
+                              {
+                                exponent = 0;
+                                mantissa = 0.0;
+                              }
+
+                            if (has_precision
+                                && precision < (unsigned int) ((DBL_DIG + 1) * 0.831) + 1)
+                              {
+                                /* Round the mantissa.  */
+                                double tail = mantissa;
+                                size_t q;
+
+                                for (q = precision; ; q--)
+                                  {
+                                    int digit = (int) tail;
+                                    tail -= digit;
+                                    if (q == 0)
+                                      {
+                                        if (digit & 1 ? tail >= 0.5 : tail > 0.5)
+                                          tail = 1 - tail;
+                                        else
+                                          tail = - tail;
+                                        break;
+                                      }
+                                    tail *= 16.0;
+                                  }
+                                if (tail != 0.0)
+                                  for (q = precision; q > 0; q--)
+                                    tail *= 0.0625;
+                                mantissa += tail;
+                              }
+
+                            *p++ = '0';
+                            *p++ = dp->conversion - 'A' + 'X';
+                            pad_ptr = p;
+                            {
+                              int digit;
+
+                              digit = (int) mantissa;
+                              mantissa -= digit;
+                              *p++ = '0' + digit;
+                              if ((flags & FLAG_ALT)
+                                  || mantissa > 0.0 || precision > 0)
+                                {
+                                  *p++ = decimal_point_char ();
+                                  /* This loop terminates because we assume
+                                     that FLT_RADIX is a power of 2.  */
+                                  while (mantissa > 0.0)
+                                    {
+                                      mantissa *= 16.0;
+                                      digit = (int) mantissa;
+                                      mantissa -= digit;
+                                      *p++ = digit
+                                             + (digit < 10
+                                                ? '0'
+                                                : dp->conversion - 10);
+                                      if (precision > 0)
+                                        precision--;
+                                    }
+                                  while (precision > 0)
+                                    {
+                                      *p++ = '0';
+                                      precision--;
+                                    }
+                                }
+                              }
+                              *p++ = dp->conversion - 'A' + 'P';
+#  if WIDE_CHAR_VERSION
+                              {
+                                static const wchar_t decimal_format[] =
+                                  { '%', '+', 'd', '\0' };
+                                SNPRINTF (p, 6 + 1, decimal_format, exponent);
+                              }
+                              while (*p != '\0')
+                                p++;
+#  else
+                              if (sizeof (DCHAR_T) == 1)
+                                {
+                                  sprintf ((char *) p, "%+d", exponent);
+                                  while (*p != '\0')
+                                    p++;
+                                }
+                              else
+                                {
+                                  char expbuf[6 + 1];
+                                  const char *ep;
+                                  sprintf (expbuf, "%+d", exponent);
+                                  for (ep = expbuf; (*p = *ep) != '\0'; ep++)
+                                    p++;
+                                }
+#  endif
+                          }
+                      }
+# else
+                    abort ();
+# endif
+                  }
+
+                /* The generated string now extends from tmp to p, with the
+                   zero padding insertion point being at pad_ptr.  */
+                count = p - tmp;
+
+                if (count < width)
+                  {
+                    size_t pad = width - count;
+                    DCHAR_T *end = p + pad;
+
+                    if (flags & FLAG_LEFT)
+                      {
+                        /* Pad with spaces on the right.  */
+                        for (; pad > 0; pad--)
+                          *p++ = ' ';
+                      }
+                    else if ((flags & FLAG_ZERO) && pad_ptr != NULL)
+                      {
+                        /* Pad with zeroes.  */
+                        DCHAR_T *q = end;
+
+                        while (p > pad_ptr)
+                          *--q = *--p;
+                        for (; pad > 0; pad--)
+                          *p++ = '0';
+                      }
+                    else
+                      {
+                        /* Pad with spaces on the left.  */
+                        DCHAR_T *q = end;
+
+                        while (p > tmp)
+                          *--q = *--p;
+                        for (; pad > 0; pad--)
+                          *p++ = ' ';
+                      }
+
+                    p = end;
+                  }
+
+                count = p - tmp;
+
+                if (count >= tmp_length)
+                  /* tmp_length was incorrectly calculated - fix the
+                     code above!  */
+                  abort ();
+
+                /* Make room for the result.  */
+                if (count >= allocated - length)
+                  {
+                    size_t n = xsum (length, count);
+
+                    ENSURE_ALLOCATION (n);
+                  }
+
+                /* Append the result.  */
+                memcpy (result + length, tmp, count * sizeof (DCHAR_T));
+                if (tmp != tmpbuf)
+                  free (tmp);
+                length += count;
+              }
+#endif
+#if (NEED_PRINTF_INFINITE_DOUBLE || NEED_PRINTF_DOUBLE || NEED_PRINTF_INFINITE_LONG_DOUBLE || NEED_PRINTF_LONG_DOUBLE) && !defined IN_LIBINTL
+            else if ((dp->conversion == 'f' || dp->conversion == 'F'
+                      || dp->conversion == 'e' || dp->conversion == 'E'
+                      || dp->conversion == 'g' || dp->conversion == 'G'
+                      || dp->conversion == 'a' || dp->conversion == 'A')
+                     && (0
+# if NEED_PRINTF_DOUBLE
+                         || a.arg[dp->arg_index].type == TYPE_DOUBLE
+# elif NEED_PRINTF_INFINITE_DOUBLE
+                         || (a.arg[dp->arg_index].type == TYPE_DOUBLE
+                             /* The systems (mingw) which produce wrong output
+                                for Inf, -Inf, and NaN also do so for -0.0.
+                                Therefore we treat this case here as well.  */
+                             && is_infinite_or_zero (a.arg[dp->arg_index].a.a_double))
+# endif
+# if NEED_PRINTF_LONG_DOUBLE
+                         || a.arg[dp->arg_index].type == TYPE_LONGDOUBLE
+# elif NEED_PRINTF_INFINITE_LONG_DOUBLE
+                         || (a.arg[dp->arg_index].type == TYPE_LONGDOUBLE
+                             /* Some systems produce wrong output for Inf,
+                                -Inf, and NaN.  Some systems in this category
+                                (IRIX 5.3) also do so for -0.0.  Therefore we
+                                treat this case here as well.  */
+                             && is_infinite_or_zerol (a.arg[dp->arg_index].a.a_longdouble))
+# endif
+                        ))
+              {
+# if (NEED_PRINTF_DOUBLE || NEED_PRINTF_INFINITE_DOUBLE) && (NEED_PRINTF_LONG_DOUBLE || NEED_PRINTF_INFINITE_LONG_DOUBLE)
+                arg_type type = a.arg[dp->arg_index].type;
+# endif
+                int flags = dp->flags;
+                size_t width;
+                size_t count;
+                int has_precision;
+                size_t precision;
+                size_t tmp_length;
+                DCHAR_T tmpbuf[700];
+                DCHAR_T *tmp;
+                DCHAR_T *pad_ptr;
+                DCHAR_T *p;
+
+                width = 0;
+                if (dp->width_start != dp->width_end)
+                  {
+                    if (dp->width_arg_index != ARG_NONE)
+                      {
+                        int arg;
+
+                        if (!(a.arg[dp->width_arg_index].type == TYPE_INT))
+                          abort ();
+                        arg = a.arg[dp->width_arg_index].a.a_int;
+                        width = arg;
+                        if (arg < 0)
+                          {
+                            /* "A negative field width is taken as a '-' flag
+                                followed by a positive field width."  */
+                            flags |= FLAG_LEFT;
+                            width = -width;
+                          }
+                      }
+                    else
+                      {
+                        const FCHAR_T *digitp = dp->width_start;
+
+                        do
+                          width = xsum (xtimes (width, 10), *digitp++ - '0');
+                        while (digitp != dp->width_end);
+                      }
+                  }
+
+                has_precision = 0;
+                precision = 0;
+                if (dp->precision_start != dp->precision_end)
+                  {
+                    if (dp->precision_arg_index != ARG_NONE)
+                      {
+                        int arg;
+
+                        if (!(a.arg[dp->precision_arg_index].type == TYPE_INT))
+                          abort ();
+                        arg = a.arg[dp->precision_arg_index].a.a_int;
+                        /* "A negative precision is taken as if the precision
+                            were omitted."  */
+                        if (arg >= 0)
+                          {
+                            precision = arg;
+                            has_precision = 1;
+                          }
+                      }
+                    else
+                      {
+                        const FCHAR_T *digitp = dp->precision_start + 1;
+
+                        precision = 0;
+                        while (digitp != dp->precision_end)
+                          precision = xsum (xtimes (precision, 10), *digitp++ - '0');
+                        has_precision = 1;
+                      }
+                  }
+
+                /* POSIX specifies the default precision to be 6 for %f, %F,
+                   %e, %E, but not for %g, %G.  Implementations appear to use
+                   the same default precision also for %g, %G.  But for %a, %A,
+                   the default precision is 0.  */
+                if (!has_precision)
+                  if (!(dp->conversion == 'a' || dp->conversion == 'A'))
+                    precision = 6;
+
+                /* Allocate a temporary buffer of sufficient size.  */
+# if NEED_PRINTF_DOUBLE && NEED_PRINTF_LONG_DOUBLE
+                tmp_length = (type == TYPE_LONGDOUBLE ? LDBL_DIG + 1 : DBL_DIG + 1);
+# elif NEED_PRINTF_INFINITE_DOUBLE && NEED_PRINTF_LONG_DOUBLE
+                tmp_length = (type == TYPE_LONGDOUBLE ? LDBL_DIG + 1 : 0);
+# elif NEED_PRINTF_LONG_DOUBLE
+                tmp_length = LDBL_DIG + 1;
+# elif NEED_PRINTF_DOUBLE
+                tmp_length = DBL_DIG + 1;
+# else
+                tmp_length = 0;
+# endif
+                if (tmp_length < precision)
+                  tmp_length = precision;
+# if NEED_PRINTF_LONG_DOUBLE
+#  if NEED_PRINTF_DOUBLE || NEED_PRINTF_INFINITE_DOUBLE
+                if (type == TYPE_LONGDOUBLE)
+#  endif
+                  if (dp->conversion == 'f' || dp->conversion == 'F')
+                    {
+                      long double arg = a.arg[dp->arg_index].a.a_longdouble;
+                      if (!(isnanl (arg) || arg + arg == arg))
+                        {
+                          /* arg is finite and nonzero.  */
+                          int exponent = floorlog10l (arg < 0 ? -arg : arg);
+                          if (exponent >= 0 && tmp_length < exponent + precision)
+                            tmp_length = exponent + precision;
+                        }
+                    }
+# endif
+# if NEED_PRINTF_DOUBLE
+#  if NEED_PRINTF_LONG_DOUBLE || NEED_PRINTF_INFINITE_LONG_DOUBLE
+                if (type == TYPE_DOUBLE)
+#  endif
+                  if (dp->conversion == 'f' || dp->conversion == 'F')
+                    {
+                      double arg = a.arg[dp->arg_index].a.a_double;
+                      if (!(isnand (arg) || arg + arg == arg))
+                        {
+                          /* arg is finite and nonzero.  */
+                          int exponent = floorlog10 (arg < 0 ? -arg : arg);
+                          if (exponent >= 0 && tmp_length < exponent + precision)
+                            tmp_length = exponent + precision;
+                        }
+                    }
+# endif
+                /* Account for sign, decimal point etc. */
+                tmp_length = xsum (tmp_length, 12);
+
+                if (tmp_length < width)
+                  tmp_length = width;
+
+                tmp_length = xsum (tmp_length, 1); /* account for trailing NUL */
+
+                if (tmp_length <= sizeof (tmpbuf) / sizeof (DCHAR_T))
+                  tmp = tmpbuf;
+                else
+                  {
+                    size_t tmp_memsize = xtimes (tmp_length, sizeof (DCHAR_T));
+
+                    if (size_overflow_p (tmp_memsize))
+                      /* Overflow, would lead to out of memory.  */
+                      goto out_of_memory;
+                    tmp = (DCHAR_T *) malloc (tmp_memsize);
+                    if (tmp == NULL)
+                      /* Out of memory.  */
+                      goto out_of_memory;
+                  }
+
+                pad_ptr = NULL;
+                p = tmp;
+
+# if NEED_PRINTF_LONG_DOUBLE || NEED_PRINTF_INFINITE_LONG_DOUBLE
+#  if NEED_PRINTF_DOUBLE || NEED_PRINTF_INFINITE_DOUBLE
+                if (type == TYPE_LONGDOUBLE)
+#  endif
+                  {
+                    long double arg = a.arg[dp->arg_index].a.a_longdouble;
+
+                    if (isnanl (arg))
+                      {
+                        if (dp->conversion >= 'A' && dp->conversion <= 'Z')
+                          {
+                            *p++ = 'N'; *p++ = 'A'; *p++ = 'N';
+                          }
+                        else
+                          {
+                            *p++ = 'n'; *p++ = 'a'; *p++ = 'n';
+                          }
+                      }
+                    else
+                      {
+                        int sign = 0;
+                        DECL_LONG_DOUBLE_ROUNDING
+
+                        BEGIN_LONG_DOUBLE_ROUNDING ();
+
+                        if (signbit (arg)) /* arg < 0.0L or negative zero */
+                          {
+                            sign = -1;
+                            arg = -arg;
+                          }
+
+                        if (sign < 0)
+                          *p++ = '-';
+                        else if (flags & FLAG_SHOWSIGN)
+                          *p++ = '+';
+                        else if (flags & FLAG_SPACE)
+                          *p++ = ' ';
+
+                        if (arg > 0.0L && arg + arg == arg)
+                          {
+                            if (dp->conversion >= 'A' && dp->conversion <= 'Z')
+                              {
+                                *p++ = 'I'; *p++ = 'N'; *p++ = 'F';
+                              }
+                            else
+                              {
+                                *p++ = 'i'; *p++ = 'n'; *p++ = 'f';
+                              }
+                          }
+                        else
+                          {
+#  if NEED_PRINTF_LONG_DOUBLE
+                            pad_ptr = p;
+
+                            if (dp->conversion == 'f' || dp->conversion == 'F')
+                              {
+                                char *digits;
+                                size_t ndigits;
+
+                                digits =
+                                  scale10_round_decimal_long_double (arg, precision);
+                                if (digits == NULL)
+                                  {
+                                    END_LONG_DOUBLE_ROUNDING ();
+                                    goto out_of_memory;
+                                  }
+                                ndigits = strlen (digits);
+
+                                if (ndigits > precision)
+                                  do
+                                    {
+                                      --ndigits;
+                                      *p++ = digits[ndigits];
+                                    }
+                                  while (ndigits > precision);
+                                else
+                                  *p++ = '0';
+                                /* Here ndigits <= precision.  */
+                                if ((flags & FLAG_ALT) || precision > 0)
+                                  {
+                                    *p++ = decimal_point_char ();
+                                    for (; precision > ndigits; precision--)
+                                      *p++ = '0';
+                                    while (ndigits > 0)
+                                      {
+                                        --ndigits;
+                                        *p++ = digits[ndigits];
+                                      }
+                                  }
+
+                                free (digits);
+                              }
+                            else if (dp->conversion == 'e' || dp->conversion == 'E')
+                              {
+                                int exponent;
+
+                                if (arg == 0.0L)
+                                  {
+                                    exponent = 0;
+                                    *p++ = '0';
+                                    if ((flags & FLAG_ALT) || precision > 0)
+                                      {
+                                        *p++ = decimal_point_char ();
+                                        for (; precision > 0; precision--)
+                                          *p++ = '0';
+                                      }
+                                  }
+                                else
+                                  {
+                                    /* arg > 0.0L.  */
+                                    int adjusted;
+                                    char *digits;
+                                    size_t ndigits;
+
+                                    exponent = floorlog10l (arg);
+                                    adjusted = 0;
+                                    for (;;)
+                                      {
+                                        digits =
+                                          scale10_round_decimal_long_double (arg,
+                                                                             (int)precision - exponent);
+                                        if (digits == NULL)
+                                          {
+                                            END_LONG_DOUBLE_ROUNDING ();
+                                            goto out_of_memory;
+                                          }
+                                        ndigits = strlen (digits);
+
+                                        if (ndigits == precision + 1)
+                                          break;
+                                        if (ndigits < precision
+                                            || ndigits > precision + 2)
+                                          /* The exponent was not guessed
+                                             precisely enough.  */
+                                          abort ();
+                                        if (adjusted)
+                                          /* None of two values of exponent is
+                                             the right one.  Prevent an endless
+                                             loop.  */
+                                          abort ();
+                                        free (digits);
+                                        if (ndigits == precision)
+                                          exponent -= 1;
+                                        else
+                                          exponent += 1;
+                                        adjusted = 1;
+                                      }
+                                    /* Here ndigits = precision+1.  */
+                                    if (is_borderline (digits, precision))
+                                      {
+                                        /* Maybe the exponent guess was too high
+                                           and a smaller exponent can be reached
+                                           by turning a 10...0 into 9...9x.  */
+                                        char *digits2 =
+                                          scale10_round_decimal_long_double (arg,
+                                                                             (int)precision - exponent + 1);
+                                        if (digits2 == NULL)
+                                          {
+                                            free (digits);
+                                            END_LONG_DOUBLE_ROUNDING ();
+                                            goto out_of_memory;
+                                          }
+                                        if (strlen (digits2) == precision + 1)
+                                          {
+                                            free (digits);
+                                            digits = digits2;
+                                            exponent -= 1;
+                                          }
+                                        else
+                                          free (digits2);
+                                      }
+                                    /* Here ndigits = precision+1.  */
+
+                                    *p++ = digits[--ndigits];
+                                    if ((flags & FLAG_ALT) || precision > 0)
+                                      {
+                                        *p++ = decimal_point_char ();
+                                        while (ndigits > 0)
+                                          {
+                                            --ndigits;
+                                            *p++ = digits[ndigits];
+                                          }
+                                      }
+
+                                    free (digits);
+                                  }
+
+                                *p++ = dp->conversion; /* 'e' or 'E' */
+#   if WIDE_CHAR_VERSION
+                                {
+                                  static const wchar_t decimal_format[] =
+                                    { '%', '+', '.', '2', 'd', '\0' };
+                                  SNPRINTF (p, 6 + 1, decimal_format, exponent);
+                                }
+                                while (*p != '\0')
+                                  p++;
+#   else
+                                if (sizeof (DCHAR_T) == 1)
+                                  {
+                                    sprintf ((char *) p, "%+.2d", exponent);
+                                    while (*p != '\0')
+                                      p++;
+                                  }
+                                else
+                                  {
+                                    char expbuf[6 + 1];
+                                    const char *ep;
+                                    sprintf (expbuf, "%+.2d", exponent);
+                                    for (ep = expbuf; (*p = *ep) != '\0'; ep++)
+                                      p++;
+                                  }
+#   endif
+                              }
+                            else if (dp->conversion == 'g' || dp->conversion == 'G')
+                              {
+                                if (precision == 0)
+                                  precision = 1;
+                                /* precision >= 1.  */
+
+                                if (arg == 0.0L)
+                                  /* The exponent is 0, >= -4, < precision.
+                                     Use fixed-point notation.  */
+                                  {
+                                    size_t ndigits = precision;
+                                    /* Number of trailing zeroes that have to be
+                                       dropped.  */
+                                    size_t nzeroes =
+                                      (flags & FLAG_ALT ? 0 : precision - 1);
+
+                                    --ndigits;
+                                    *p++ = '0';
+                                    if ((flags & FLAG_ALT) || ndigits > nzeroes)
+                                      {
+                                        *p++ = decimal_point_char ();
+                                        while (ndigits > nzeroes)
+                                          {
+                                            --ndigits;
+                                            *p++ = '0';
+                                          }
+                                      }
+                                  }
+                                else
+                                  {
+                                    /* arg > 0.0L.  */
+                                    int exponent;
+                                    int adjusted;
+                                    char *digits;
+                                    size_t ndigits;
+                                    size_t nzeroes;
+
+                                    exponent = floorlog10l (arg);
+                                    adjusted = 0;
+                                    for (;;)
+                                      {
+                                        digits =
+                                          scale10_round_decimal_long_double (arg,
+                                                                             (int)(precision - 1) - exponent);
+                                        if (digits == NULL)
+                                          {
+                                            END_LONG_DOUBLE_ROUNDING ();
+                                            goto out_of_memory;
+                                          }
+                                        ndigits = strlen (digits);
+
+                                        if (ndigits == precision)
+                                          break;
+                                        if (ndigits < precision - 1
+                                            || ndigits > precision + 1)
+                                          /* The exponent was not guessed
+                                             precisely enough.  */
+                                          abort ();
+                                        if (adjusted)
+                                          /* None of two values of exponent is
+                                             the right one.  Prevent an endless
+                                             loop.  */
+                                          abort ();
+                                        free (digits);
+                                        if (ndigits < precision)
+                                          exponent -= 1;
+                                        else
+                                          exponent += 1;
+                                        adjusted = 1;
+                                      }
+                                    /* Here ndigits = precision.  */
+                                    if (is_borderline (digits, precision - 1))
+                                      {
+                                        /* Maybe the exponent guess was too high
+                                           and a smaller exponent can be reached
+                                           by turning a 10...0 into 9...9x.  */
+                                        char *digits2 =
+                                          scale10_round_decimal_long_double (arg,
+                                                                             (int)(precision - 1) - exponent + 1);
+                                        if (digits2 == NULL)
+                                          {
+                                            free (digits);
+                                            END_LONG_DOUBLE_ROUNDING ();
+                                            goto out_of_memory;
+                                          }
+                                        if (strlen (digits2) == precision)
+                                          {
+                                            free (digits);
+                                            digits = digits2;
+                                            exponent -= 1;
+                                          }
+                                        else
+                                          free (digits2);
+                                      }
+                                    /* Here ndigits = precision.  */
+
+                                    /* Determine the number of trailing zeroes
+                                       that have to be dropped.  */
+                                    nzeroes = 0;
+                                    if ((flags & FLAG_ALT) == 0)
+                                      while (nzeroes < ndigits
+                                             && digits[nzeroes] == '0')
+                                        nzeroes++;
+
+                                    /* The exponent is now determined.  */
+                                    if (exponent >= -4
+                                        && exponent < (long)precision)
+                                      {
+                                        /* Fixed-point notation:
+                                           max(exponent,0)+1 digits, then the
+                                           decimal point, then the remaining
+                                           digits without trailing zeroes.  */
+                                        if (exponent >= 0)
+                                          {
+                                            size_t ecount = exponent + 1;
+                                            /* Note: count <= precision = ndigits.  */
+                                            for (; ecount > 0; ecount--)
+                                              *p++ = digits[--ndigits];
+                                            if ((flags & FLAG_ALT) || ndigits > nzeroes)
+                                              {
+                                                *p++ = decimal_point_char ();
+                                                while (ndigits > nzeroes)
+                                                  {
+                                                    --ndigits;
+                                                    *p++ = digits[ndigits];
+                                                  }
+                                              }
+                                          }
+                                        else
+                                          {
+                                            size_t ecount = -exponent - 1;
+                                            *p++ = '0';
+                                            *p++ = decimal_point_char ();
+                                            for (; ecount > 0; ecount--)
+                                              *p++ = '0';
+                                            while (ndigits > nzeroes)
+                                              {
+                                                --ndigits;
+                                                *p++ = digits[ndigits];
+                                              }
+                                          }
+                                      }
+                                    else
+                                      {
+                                        /* Exponential notation.  */
+                                        *p++ = digits[--ndigits];
+                                        if ((flags & FLAG_ALT) || ndigits > nzeroes)
+                                          {
+                                            *p++ = decimal_point_char ();
+                                            while (ndigits > nzeroes)
+                                              {
+                                                --ndigits;
+                                                *p++ = digits[ndigits];
+                                              }
+                                          }
+                                        *p++ = dp->conversion - 'G' + 'E'; /* 'e' or 'E' */
+#   if WIDE_CHAR_VERSION
+                                        {
+                                          static const wchar_t decimal_format[] =
+                                            { '%', '+', '.', '2', 'd', '\0' };
+                                          SNPRINTF (p, 6 + 1, decimal_format, exponent);
+                                        }
+                                        while (*p != '\0')
+                                          p++;
+#   else
+                                        if (sizeof (DCHAR_T) == 1)
+                                          {
+                                            sprintf ((char *) p, "%+.2d", exponent);
+                                            while (*p != '\0')
+                                              p++;
+                                          }
+                                        else
+                                          {
+                                            char expbuf[6 + 1];
+                                            const char *ep;
+                                            sprintf (expbuf, "%+.2d", exponent);
+                                            for (ep = expbuf; (*p = *ep) != '\0'; ep++)
+                                              p++;
+                                          }
+#   endif
+                                      }
+
+                                    free (digits);
+                                  }
+                              }
+                            else
+                              abort ();
+#  else
+                            /* arg is finite.  */
+                            if (!(arg == 0.0L))
+                              abort ();
+
+                            pad_ptr = p;
+
+                            if (dp->conversion == 'f' || dp->conversion == 'F')
+                              {
+                                *p++ = '0';
+                                if ((flags & FLAG_ALT) || precision > 0)
+                                  {
+                                    *p++ = decimal_point_char ();
+                                    for (; precision > 0; precision--)
+                                      *p++ = '0';
+                                  }
+                              }
+                            else if (dp->conversion == 'e' || dp->conversion == 'E')
+                              {
+                                *p++ = '0';
+                                if ((flags & FLAG_ALT) || precision > 0)
+                                  {
+                                    *p++ = decimal_point_char ();
+                                    for (; precision > 0; precision--)
+                                      *p++ = '0';
+                                  }
+                                *p++ = dp->conversion; /* 'e' or 'E' */
+                                *p++ = '+';
+                                *p++ = '0';
+                                *p++ = '0';
+                              }
+                            else if (dp->conversion == 'g' || dp->conversion == 'G')
+                              {
+                                *p++ = '0';
+                                if (flags & FLAG_ALT)
+                                  {
+                                    size_t ndigits =
+                                      (precision > 0 ? precision - 1 : 0);
+                                    *p++ = decimal_point_char ();
+                                    for (; ndigits > 0; --ndigits)
+                                      *p++ = '0';
+                                  }
+                              }
+                            else if (dp->conversion == 'a' || dp->conversion == 'A')
+                              {
+                                *p++ = '0';
+                                *p++ = dp->conversion - 'A' + 'X';
+                                pad_ptr = p;
+                                *p++ = '0';
+                                if ((flags & FLAG_ALT) || precision > 0)
+                                  {
+                                    *p++ = decimal_point_char ();
+                                    for (; precision > 0; precision--)
+                                      *p++ = '0';
+                                  }
+                                *p++ = dp->conversion - 'A' + 'P';
+                                *p++ = '+';
+                                *p++ = '0';
+                              }
+                            else
+                              abort ();
+#  endif
+                          }
+
+                        END_LONG_DOUBLE_ROUNDING ();
+                      }
+                  }
+#  if NEED_PRINTF_DOUBLE || NEED_PRINTF_INFINITE_DOUBLE
+                else
+#  endif
+# endif
+# if NEED_PRINTF_DOUBLE || NEED_PRINTF_INFINITE_DOUBLE
+                  {
+                    double arg = a.arg[dp->arg_index].a.a_double;
+
+                    if (isnand (arg))
+                      {
+                        if (dp->conversion >= 'A' && dp->conversion <= 'Z')
+                          {
+                            *p++ = 'N'; *p++ = 'A'; *p++ = 'N';
+                          }
+                        else
+                          {
+                            *p++ = 'n'; *p++ = 'a'; *p++ = 'n';
+                          }
+                      }
+                    else
+                      {
+                        int sign = 0;
+
+                        if (signbit (arg)) /* arg < 0.0 or negative zero */
+                          {
+                            sign = -1;
+                            arg = -arg;
+                          }
+
+                        if (sign < 0)
+                          *p++ = '-';
+                        else if (flags & FLAG_SHOWSIGN)
+                          *p++ = '+';
+                        else if (flags & FLAG_SPACE)
+                          *p++ = ' ';
+
+                        if (arg > 0.0 && arg + arg == arg)
+                          {
+                            if (dp->conversion >= 'A' && dp->conversion <= 'Z')
+                              {
+                                *p++ = 'I'; *p++ = 'N'; *p++ = 'F';
+                              }
+                            else
+                              {
+                                *p++ = 'i'; *p++ = 'n'; *p++ = 'f';
+                              }
+                          }
+                        else
+                          {
+#  if NEED_PRINTF_DOUBLE
+                            pad_ptr = p;
+
+                            if (dp->conversion == 'f' || dp->conversion == 'F')
+                              {
+                                char *digits;
+                                size_t ndigits;
+
+                                digits =
+                                  scale10_round_decimal_double (arg, precision);
+                                if (digits == NULL)
+                                  goto out_of_memory;
+                                ndigits = strlen (digits);
+
+                                if (ndigits > precision)
+                                  do
+                                    {
+                                      --ndigits;
+                                      *p++ = digits[ndigits];
+                                    }
+                                  while (ndigits > precision);
+                                else
+                                  *p++ = '0';
+                                /* Here ndigits <= precision.  */
+                                if ((flags & FLAG_ALT) || precision > 0)
+                                  {
+                                    *p++ = decimal_point_char ();
+                                    for (; precision > ndigits; precision--)
+                                      *p++ = '0';
+                                    while (ndigits > 0)
+                                      {
+                                        --ndigits;
+                                        *p++ = digits[ndigits];
+                                      }
+                                  }
+
+                                free (digits);
+                              }
+                            else if (dp->conversion == 'e' || dp->conversion == 'E')
+                              {
+                                int exponent;
+
+                                if (arg == 0.0)
+                                  {
+                                    exponent = 0;
+                                    *p++ = '0';
+                                    if ((flags & FLAG_ALT) || precision > 0)
+                                      {
+                                        *p++ = decimal_point_char ();
+                                        for (; precision > 0; precision--)
+                                          *p++ = '0';
+                                      }
+                                  }
+                                else
+                                  {
+                                    /* arg > 0.0.  */
+                                    int adjusted;
+                                    char *digits;
+                                    size_t ndigits;
+
+                                    exponent = floorlog10 (arg);
+                                    adjusted = 0;
+                                    for (;;)
+                                      {
+                                        digits =
+                                          scale10_round_decimal_double (arg,
+                                                                        (int)precision - exponent);
+                                        if (digits == NULL)
+                                          goto out_of_memory;
+                                        ndigits = strlen (digits);
+
+                                        if (ndigits == precision + 1)
+                                          break;
+                                        if (ndigits < precision
+                                            || ndigits > precision + 2)
+                                          /* The exponent was not guessed
+                                             precisely enough.  */
+                                          abort ();
+                                        if (adjusted)
+                                          /* None of two values of exponent is
+                                             the right one.  Prevent an endless
+                                             loop.  */
+                                          abort ();
+                                        free (digits);
+                                        if (ndigits == precision)
+                                          exponent -= 1;
+                                        else
+                                          exponent += 1;
+                                        adjusted = 1;
+                                      }
+                                    /* Here ndigits = precision+1.  */
+                                    if (is_borderline (digits, precision))
+                                      {
+                                        /* Maybe the exponent guess was too high
+                                           and a smaller exponent can be reached
+                                           by turning a 10...0 into 9...9x.  */
+                                        char *digits2 =
+                                          scale10_round_decimal_double (arg,
+                                                                        (int)precision - exponent + 1);
+                                        if (digits2 == NULL)
+                                          {
+                                            free (digits);
+                                            goto out_of_memory;
+                                          }
+                                        if (strlen (digits2) == precision + 1)
+                                          {
+                                            free (digits);
+                                            digits = digits2;
+                                            exponent -= 1;
+                                          }
+                                        else
+                                          free (digits2);
+                                      }
+                                    /* Here ndigits = precision+1.  */
+
+                                    *p++ = digits[--ndigits];
+                                    if ((flags & FLAG_ALT) || precision > 0)
+                                      {
+                                        *p++ = decimal_point_char ();
+                                        while (ndigits > 0)
+                                          {
+                                            --ndigits;
+                                            *p++ = digits[ndigits];
+                                          }
+                                      }
+
+                                    free (digits);
+                                  }
+
+                                *p++ = dp->conversion; /* 'e' or 'E' */
+#   if WIDE_CHAR_VERSION
+                                {
+                                  static const wchar_t decimal_format[] =
+                                    /* Produce the same number of exponent digits
+                                       as the native printf implementation.  */
+#    if defined _WIN32 && ! defined __CYGWIN__
+                                    { '%', '+', '.', '3', 'd', '\0' };
+#    else
+                                    { '%', '+', '.', '2', 'd', '\0' };
+#    endif
+                                  SNPRINTF (p, 6 + 1, decimal_format, exponent);
+                                }
+                                while (*p != '\0')
+                                  p++;
+#   else
+                                {
+                                  static const char decimal_format[] =
+                                    /* Produce the same number of exponent digits
+                                       as the native printf implementation.  */
+#    if defined _WIN32 && ! defined __CYGWIN__
+                                    "%+.3d";
+#    else
+                                    "%+.2d";
+#    endif
+                                  if (sizeof (DCHAR_T) == 1)
+                                    {
+                                      sprintf ((char *) p, decimal_format, exponent);
+                                      while (*p != '\0')
+                                        p++;
+                                    }
+                                  else
+                                    {
+                                      char expbuf[6 + 1];
+                                      const char *ep;
+                                      sprintf (expbuf, decimal_format, exponent);
+                                      for (ep = expbuf; (*p = *ep) != '\0'; ep++)
+                                        p++;
+                                    }
+                                }
+#   endif
+                              }
+                            else if (dp->conversion == 'g' || dp->conversion == 'G')
+                              {
+                                if (precision == 0)
+                                  precision = 1;
+                                /* precision >= 1.  */
+
+                                if (arg == 0.0)
+                                  /* The exponent is 0, >= -4, < precision.
+                                     Use fixed-point notation.  */
+                                  {
+                                    size_t ndigits = precision;
+                                    /* Number of trailing zeroes that have to be
+                                       dropped.  */
+                                    size_t nzeroes =
+                                      (flags & FLAG_ALT ? 0 : precision - 1);
+
+                                    --ndigits;
+                                    *p++ = '0';
+                                    if ((flags & FLAG_ALT) || ndigits > nzeroes)
+                                      {
+                                        *p++ = decimal_point_char ();
+                                        while (ndigits > nzeroes)
+                                          {
+                                            --ndigits;
+                                            *p++ = '0';
+                                          }
+                                      }
+                                  }
+                                else
+                                  {
+                                    /* arg > 0.0.  */
+                                    int exponent;
+                                    int adjusted;
+                                    char *digits;
+                                    size_t ndigits;
+                                    size_t nzeroes;
+
+                                    exponent = floorlog10 (arg);
+                                    adjusted = 0;
+                                    for (;;)
+                                      {
+                                        digits =
+                                          scale10_round_decimal_double (arg,
+                                                                        (int)(precision - 1) - exponent);
+                                        if (digits == NULL)
+                                          goto out_of_memory;
+                                        ndigits = strlen (digits);
+
+                                        if (ndigits == precision)
+                                          break;
+                                        if (ndigits < precision - 1
+                                            || ndigits > precision + 1)
+                                          /* The exponent was not guessed
+                                             precisely enough.  */
+                                          abort ();
+                                        if (adjusted)
+                                          /* None of two values of exponent is
+                                             the right one.  Prevent an endless
+                                             loop.  */
+                                          abort ();
+                                        free (digits);
+                                        if (ndigits < precision)
+                                          exponent -= 1;
+                                        else
+                                          exponent += 1;
+                                        adjusted = 1;
+                                      }
+                                    /* Here ndigits = precision.  */
+                                    if (is_borderline (digits, precision - 1))
+                                      {
+                                        /* Maybe the exponent guess was too high
+                                           and a smaller exponent can be reached
+                                           by turning a 10...0 into 9...9x.  */
+                                        char *digits2 =
+                                          scale10_round_decimal_double (arg,
+                                                                        (int)(precision - 1) - exponent + 1);
+                                        if (digits2 == NULL)
+                                          {
+                                            free (digits);
+                                            goto out_of_memory;
+                                          }
+                                        if (strlen (digits2) == precision)
+                                          {
+                                            free (digits);
+                                            digits = digits2;
+                                            exponent -= 1;
+                                          }
+                                        else
+                                          free (digits2);
+                                      }
+                                    /* Here ndigits = precision.  */
+
+                                    /* Determine the number of trailing zeroes
+                                       that have to be dropped.  */
+                                    nzeroes = 0;
+                                    if ((flags & FLAG_ALT) == 0)
+                                      while (nzeroes < ndigits
+                                             && digits[nzeroes] == '0')
+                                        nzeroes++;
+
+                                    /* The exponent is now determined.  */
+                                    if (exponent >= -4
+                                        && exponent < (long)precision)
+                                      {
+                                        /* Fixed-point notation:
+                                           max(exponent,0)+1 digits, then the
+                                           decimal point, then the remaining
+                                           digits without trailing zeroes.  */
+                                        if (exponent >= 0)
+                                          {
+                                            size_t ecount = exponent + 1;
+                                            /* Note: ecount <= precision = ndigits.  */
+                                            for (; ecount > 0; ecount--)
+                                              *p++ = digits[--ndigits];
+                                            if ((flags & FLAG_ALT) || ndigits > nzeroes)
+                                              {
+                                                *p++ = decimal_point_char ();
+                                                while (ndigits > nzeroes)
+                                                  {
+                                                    --ndigits;
+                                                    *p++ = digits[ndigits];
+                                                  }
+                                              }
+                                          }
+                                        else
+                                          {
+                                            size_t ecount = -exponent - 1;
+                                            *p++ = '0';
+                                            *p++ = decimal_point_char ();
+                                            for (; ecount > 0; ecount--)
+                                              *p++ = '0';
+                                            while (ndigits > nzeroes)
+                                              {
+                                                --ndigits;
+                                                *p++ = digits[ndigits];
+                                              }
+                                          }
+                                      }
+                                    else
+                                      {
+                                        /* Exponential notation.  */
+                                        *p++ = digits[--ndigits];
+                                        if ((flags & FLAG_ALT) || ndigits > nzeroes)
+                                          {
+                                            *p++ = decimal_point_char ();
+                                            while (ndigits > nzeroes)
+                                              {
+                                                --ndigits;
+                                                *p++ = digits[ndigits];
+                                              }
+                                          }
+                                        *p++ = dp->conversion - 'G' + 'E'; /* 'e' or 'E' */
+#   if WIDE_CHAR_VERSION
+                                        {
+                                          static const wchar_t decimal_format[] =
+                                            /* Produce the same number of exponent digits
+                                               as the native printf implementation.  */
+#    if defined _WIN32 && ! defined __CYGWIN__
+                                            { '%', '+', '.', '3', 'd', '\0' };
+#    else
+                                            { '%', '+', '.', '2', 'd', '\0' };
+#    endif
+                                          SNPRINTF (p, 6 + 1, decimal_format, exponent);
+                                        }
+                                        while (*p != '\0')
+                                          p++;
+#   else
+                                        {
+                                          static const char decimal_format[] =
+                                            /* Produce the same number of exponent digits
+                                               as the native printf implementation.  */
+#    if defined _WIN32 && ! defined __CYGWIN__
+                                            "%+.3d";
+#    else
+                                            "%+.2d";
+#    endif
+                                          if (sizeof (DCHAR_T) == 1)
+                                            {
+                                              sprintf ((char *) p, decimal_format, exponent);
+                                              while (*p != '\0')
+                                                p++;
+                                            }
+                                          else
+                                            {
+                                              char expbuf[6 + 1];
+                                              const char *ep;
+                                              sprintf (expbuf, decimal_format, exponent);
+                                              for (ep = expbuf; (*p = *ep) != '\0'; ep++)
+                                                p++;
+                                            }
+                                        }
+#   endif
+                                      }
+
+                                    free (digits);
+                                  }
+                              }
+                            else
+                              abort ();
+#  else
+                            /* arg is finite.  */
+                            if (!(arg == 0.0))
+                              abort ();
+
+                            pad_ptr = p;
+
+                            if (dp->conversion == 'f' || dp->conversion == 'F')
+                              {
+                                *p++ = '0';
+                                if ((flags & FLAG_ALT) || precision > 0)
+                                  {
+                                    *p++ = decimal_point_char ();
+                                    for (; precision > 0; precision--)
+                                      *p++ = '0';
+                                  }
+                              }
+                            else if (dp->conversion == 'e' || dp->conversion == 'E')
+                              {
+                                *p++ = '0';
+                                if ((flags & FLAG_ALT) || precision > 0)
+                                  {
+                                    *p++ = decimal_point_char ();
+                                    for (; precision > 0; precision--)
+                                      *p++ = '0';
+                                  }
+                                *p++ = dp->conversion; /* 'e' or 'E' */
+                                *p++ = '+';
+                                /* Produce the same number of exponent digits as
+                                   the native printf implementation.  */
+#   if defined _WIN32 && ! defined __CYGWIN__
+                                *p++ = '0';
+#   endif
+                                *p++ = '0';
+                                *p++ = '0';
+                              }
+                            else if (dp->conversion == 'g' || dp->conversion == 'G')
+                              {
+                                *p++ = '0';
+                                if (flags & FLAG_ALT)
+                                  {
+                                    size_t ndigits =
+                                      (precision > 0 ? precision - 1 : 0);
+                                    *p++ = decimal_point_char ();
+                                    for (; ndigits > 0; --ndigits)
+                                      *p++ = '0';
+                                  }
+                              }
+                            else
+                              abort ();
+#  endif
+                          }
+                      }
+                  }
+# endif
+
+                /* The generated string now extends from tmp to p, with the
+                   zero padding insertion point being at pad_ptr.  */
+                count = p - tmp;
+
+                if (count < width)
+                  {
+                    size_t pad = width - count;
+                    DCHAR_T *end = p + pad;
+
+                    if (flags & FLAG_LEFT)
+                      {
+                        /* Pad with spaces on the right.  */
+                        for (; pad > 0; pad--)
+                          *p++ = ' ';
+                      }
+                    else if ((flags & FLAG_ZERO) && pad_ptr != NULL)
+                      {
+                        /* Pad with zeroes.  */
+                        DCHAR_T *q = end;
+
+                        while (p > pad_ptr)
+                          *--q = *--p;
+                        for (; pad > 0; pad--)
+                          *p++ = '0';
+                      }
+                    else
+                      {
+                        /* Pad with spaces on the left.  */
+                        DCHAR_T *q = end;
+
+                        while (p > tmp)
+                          *--q = *--p;
+                        for (; pad > 0; pad--)
+                          *p++ = ' ';
+                      }
+
+                    p = end;
+                  }
+
+                count = p - tmp;
+
+                if (count >= tmp_length)
+                  /* tmp_length was incorrectly calculated - fix the
+                     code above!  */
+                  abort ();
+
+                /* Make room for the result.  */
+                if (count >= allocated - length)
+                  {
+                    size_t n = xsum (length, count);
+
+                    ENSURE_ALLOCATION (n);
+                  }
+
+                /* Append the result.  */
+                memcpy (result + length, tmp, count * sizeof (DCHAR_T));
+                if (tmp != tmpbuf)
+                  free (tmp);
+                length += count;
+              }
+#endif
+            else
+              {
+                arg_type type = a.arg[dp->arg_index].type;
+                int flags = dp->flags;
+#if !DCHAR_IS_TCHAR || ENABLE_UNISTDIO || NEED_PRINTF_FLAG_LEFTADJUST || NEED_PRINTF_FLAG_ZERO || NEED_PRINTF_UNBOUNDED_PRECISION
+                int has_width;
+#endif
+#if !USE_SNPRINTF || !HAVE_SNPRINTF_RETVAL_C99 || USE_MSVC__SNPRINTF || !DCHAR_IS_TCHAR || ENABLE_UNISTDIO || NEED_PRINTF_FLAG_LEFTADJUST || NEED_PRINTF_FLAG_ZERO || NEED_PRINTF_UNBOUNDED_PRECISION
+                size_t width;
+#endif
+#if !USE_SNPRINTF || !HAVE_SNPRINTF_RETVAL_C99 || USE_MSVC__SNPRINTF || NEED_PRINTF_UNBOUNDED_PRECISION
+                int has_precision;
+                size_t precision;
+#endif
+#if NEED_PRINTF_UNBOUNDED_PRECISION
+                int prec_ourselves;
+#else
+#               define prec_ourselves 0
+#endif
+#if NEED_PRINTF_FLAG_LEFTADJUST
+#               define pad_ourselves 1
+#elif !DCHAR_IS_TCHAR || ENABLE_UNISTDIO || NEED_PRINTF_FLAG_ZERO || NEED_PRINTF_UNBOUNDED_PRECISION
+                int pad_ourselves;
+#else
+#               define pad_ourselves 0
+#endif
+                TCHAR_T *fbp;
+                unsigned int prefix_count;
+                int prefixes[2] IF_LINT (= { 0 });
+                int orig_errno;
+#if !USE_SNPRINTF
+                size_t tmp_length;
+                TCHAR_T tmpbuf[700];
+                TCHAR_T *tmp;
+#endif
+
+#if !DCHAR_IS_TCHAR || ENABLE_UNISTDIO || NEED_PRINTF_FLAG_LEFTADJUST || NEED_PRINTF_FLAG_ZERO || NEED_PRINTF_UNBOUNDED_PRECISION
+                has_width = 0;
+#endif
+#if !USE_SNPRINTF || !HAVE_SNPRINTF_RETVAL_C99 || USE_MSVC__SNPRINTF || !DCHAR_IS_TCHAR || ENABLE_UNISTDIO || NEED_PRINTF_FLAG_LEFTADJUST || NEED_PRINTF_FLAG_ZERO || NEED_PRINTF_UNBOUNDED_PRECISION
+                width = 0;
+                if (dp->width_start != dp->width_end)
+                  {
+                    if (dp->width_arg_index != ARG_NONE)
+                      {
+                        int arg;
+
+                        if (!(a.arg[dp->width_arg_index].type == TYPE_INT))
+                          abort ();
+                        arg = a.arg[dp->width_arg_index].a.a_int;
+                        width = arg;
+                        if (arg < 0)
+                          {
+                            /* "A negative field width is taken as a '-' flag
+                                followed by a positive field width."  */
+                            flags |= FLAG_LEFT;
+                            width = -width;
+                          }
+                      }
+                    else
+                      {
+                        const FCHAR_T *digitp = dp->width_start;
+
+                        do
+                          width = xsum (xtimes (width, 10), *digitp++ - '0');
+                        while (digitp != dp->width_end);
+                      }
+#if !DCHAR_IS_TCHAR || ENABLE_UNISTDIO || NEED_PRINTF_FLAG_LEFTADJUST || NEED_PRINTF_FLAG_ZERO || NEED_PRINTF_UNBOUNDED_PRECISION
+                    has_width = 1;
+#endif
+                  }
+#endif
+
+#if !USE_SNPRINTF || !HAVE_SNPRINTF_RETVAL_C99 || USE_MSVC__SNPRINTF || NEED_PRINTF_UNBOUNDED_PRECISION
+                has_precision = 0;
+                precision = 6;
+                if (dp->precision_start != dp->precision_end)
+                  {
+                    if (dp->precision_arg_index != ARG_NONE)
+                      {
+                        int arg;
+
+                        if (!(a.arg[dp->precision_arg_index].type == TYPE_INT))
+                          abort ();
+                        arg = a.arg[dp->precision_arg_index].a.a_int;
+                        /* "A negative precision is taken as if the precision
+                            were omitted."  */
+                        if (arg >= 0)
+                          {
+                            precision = arg;
+                            has_precision = 1;
+                          }
+                      }
+                    else
+                      {
+                        const FCHAR_T *digitp = dp->precision_start + 1;
+
+                        precision = 0;
+                        while (digitp != dp->precision_end)
+                          precision = xsum (xtimes (precision, 10), *digitp++ - '0');
+                        has_precision = 1;
+                      }
+                  }
+#endif
+
+                /* Decide whether to handle the precision ourselves.  */
+#if NEED_PRINTF_UNBOUNDED_PRECISION
+                switch (dp->conversion)
+                  {
+                  case 'd': case 'i': case 'u':
+                  case 'o':
+                  case 'x': case 'X': case 'p':
+                    prec_ourselves = has_precision && (precision > 0);
+                    break;
+                  default:
+                    prec_ourselves = 0;
+                    break;
+                  }
+#endif
+
+                /* Decide whether to perform the padding ourselves.  */
+#if !NEED_PRINTF_FLAG_LEFTADJUST && (!DCHAR_IS_TCHAR || ENABLE_UNISTDIO || NEED_PRINTF_FLAG_ZERO || NEED_PRINTF_UNBOUNDED_PRECISION)
+                switch (dp->conversion)
+                  {
+# if !DCHAR_IS_TCHAR || ENABLE_UNISTDIO
+                  /* If we need conversion from TCHAR_T[] to DCHAR_T[], we need
+                     to perform the padding after this conversion.  Functions
+                     with unistdio extensions perform the padding based on
+                     character count rather than element count.  */
+                  case 'c': case 's':
+# endif
+# if NEED_PRINTF_FLAG_ZERO
+                  case 'f': case 'F': case 'e': case 'E': case 'g': case 'G':
+                  case 'a': case 'A':
+# endif
+                    pad_ourselves = 1;
+                    break;
+                  default:
+                    pad_ourselves = prec_ourselves;
+                    break;
+                  }
+#endif
+
+#if !USE_SNPRINTF
+                /* Allocate a temporary buffer of sufficient size for calling
+                   sprintf.  */
+                tmp_length =
+                  MAX_ROOM_NEEDED (&a, dp->arg_index, dp->conversion, type,
+                                   flags, width, has_precision, precision,
+                                   pad_ourselves);
+
+                if (tmp_length <= sizeof (tmpbuf) / sizeof (TCHAR_T))
+                  tmp = tmpbuf;
+                else
+                  {
+                    size_t tmp_memsize = xtimes (tmp_length, sizeof (TCHAR_T));
+
+                    if (size_overflow_p (tmp_memsize))
+                      /* Overflow, would lead to out of memory.  */
+                      goto out_of_memory;
+                    tmp = (TCHAR_T *) malloc (tmp_memsize);
+                    if (tmp == NULL)
+                      /* Out of memory.  */
+                      goto out_of_memory;
+                  }
+#endif
+
+                /* Construct the format string for calling snprintf or
+                   sprintf.  */
+                fbp = buf;
+                *fbp++ = '%';
+#if NEED_PRINTF_FLAG_GROUPING
+                /* The underlying implementation doesn't support the ' flag.
+                   Produce no grouping characters in this case; this is
+                   acceptable because the grouping is locale dependent.  */
+#else
+                if (flags & FLAG_GROUP)
+                  *fbp++ = '\'';
+#endif
+                if (flags & FLAG_LEFT)
+                  *fbp++ = '-';
+                if (flags & FLAG_SHOWSIGN)
+                  *fbp++ = '+';
+                if (flags & FLAG_SPACE)
+                  *fbp++ = ' ';
+                if (flags & FLAG_ALT)
+                  *fbp++ = '#';
+#if __GLIBC__ >= 2 && !defined __UCLIBC__
+                if (flags & FLAG_LOCALIZED)
+                  *fbp++ = 'I';
+#endif
+                if (!pad_ourselves)
+                  {
+                    if (flags & FLAG_ZERO)
+                      *fbp++ = '0';
+                    if (dp->width_start != dp->width_end)
+                      {
+                        size_t n = dp->width_end - dp->width_start;
+                        /* The width specification is known to consist only
+                           of standard ASCII characters.  */
+                        if (sizeof (FCHAR_T) == sizeof (TCHAR_T))
+                          {
+                            memcpy (fbp, dp->width_start, n * sizeof (TCHAR_T));
+                            fbp += n;
+                          }
+                        else
+                          {
+                            const FCHAR_T *mp = dp->width_start;
+                            do
+                              *fbp++ = *mp++;
+                            while (--n > 0);
+                          }
+                      }
+                  }
+                if (!prec_ourselves)
+                  {
+                    if (dp->precision_start != dp->precision_end)
+                      {
+                        size_t n = dp->precision_end - dp->precision_start;
+                        /* The precision specification is known to consist only
+                           of standard ASCII characters.  */
+                        if (sizeof (FCHAR_T) == sizeof (TCHAR_T))
+                          {
+                            memcpy (fbp, dp->precision_start, n * sizeof (TCHAR_T));
+                            fbp += n;
+                          }
+                        else
+                          {
+                            const FCHAR_T *mp = dp->precision_start;
+                            do
+                              *fbp++ = *mp++;
+                            while (--n > 0);
+                          }
+                      }
+                  }
+
+                switch (type)
+                  {
+#if HAVE_LONG_LONG_INT
+                  case TYPE_LONGLONGINT:
+                  case TYPE_ULONGLONGINT:
+# if defined _WIN32 && ! defined __CYGWIN__
+                    *fbp++ = 'I';
+                    *fbp++ = '6';
+                    *fbp++ = '4';
+                    break;
+# else
+                    *fbp++ = 'l';
+# endif
+#endif
+                    FALLTHROUGH;
+                  case TYPE_LONGINT:
+                  case TYPE_ULONGINT:
+#if HAVE_WINT_T
+                  case TYPE_WIDE_CHAR:
+#endif
+#if HAVE_WCHAR_T
+                  case TYPE_WIDE_STRING:
+#endif
+                    *fbp++ = 'l';
+                    break;
+                  case TYPE_LONGDOUBLE:
+                    *fbp++ = 'L';
+                    break;
+                  default:
+                    break;
+                  }
+#if NEED_PRINTF_DIRECTIVE_F
+                if (dp->conversion == 'F')
+                  *fbp = 'f';
+                else
+#endif
+                  *fbp = dp->conversion;
+#if USE_SNPRINTF
+# if ! (((__GLIBC__ > 2 || (__GLIBC__ == 2 && __GLIBC_MINOR__ >= 3))        \
+         && !defined __UCLIBC__)                                            \
+        || (defined __APPLE__ && defined __MACH__)                          \
+        || (defined _WIN32 && ! defined __CYGWIN__))
+                fbp[1] = '%';
+                fbp[2] = 'n';
+                fbp[3] = '\0';
+# else
+                /* On glibc2 systems from glibc >= 2.3 - probably also older
+                   ones - we know that snprintf's return value conforms to
+                   ISO C 99: the tests gl_SNPRINTF_RETVAL_C99 and
+                   gl_SNPRINTF_TRUNCATION_C99 pass.
+                   Therefore we can avoid using %n in this situation.
+                   On glibc2 systems from 2004-10-18 or newer, the use of %n
+                   in format strings in writable memory may crash the program
+                   (if compiled with _FORTIFY_SOURCE=2), so we should avoid it
+                   in this situation.  */
+                /* On Mac OS X 10.3 or newer, we know that snprintf's return
+                   value conforms to ISO C 99: the tests gl_SNPRINTF_RETVAL_C99
+                   and gl_SNPRINTF_TRUNCATION_C99 pass.
+                   Therefore we can avoid using %n in this situation.
+                   On Mac OS X 10.13 or newer, the use of %n in format strings
+                   in writable memory by default crashes the program, so we
+                   should avoid it in this situation.  */
+                /* On native Windows systems (such as mingw), we can avoid using
+                   %n because:
+                     - Although the gl_SNPRINTF_TRUNCATION_C99 test fails,
+                       snprintf does not write more than the specified number
+                       of bytes. (snprintf (buf, 3, "%d %d", 4567, 89) writes
+                       '4', '5', '6' into buf, not '4', '5', '\0'.)
+                     - Although the gl_SNPRINTF_RETVAL_C99 test fails, snprintf
+                       allows us to recognize the case of an insufficient
+                       buffer size: it returns -1 in this case.
+                   On native Windows systems (such as mingw) where the OS is
+                   Windows Vista, the use of %n in format strings by default
+                   crashes the program. See
+                     <https://gcc.gnu.org/ml/gcc/2007-06/msg00122.html> and
+                     <https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms175782.aspx>
+                   So we should avoid %n in this situation.  */
+                fbp[1] = '\0';
+# endif
+#else
+                fbp[1] = '\0';
+#endif
+
+                /* Construct the arguments for calling snprintf or sprintf.  */
+                prefix_count = 0;
+                if (!pad_ourselves && dp->width_arg_index != ARG_NONE)
+                  {
+                    if (!(a.arg[dp->width_arg_index].type == TYPE_INT))
+                      abort ();
+                    prefixes[prefix_count++] = a.arg[dp->width_arg_index].a.a_int;
+                  }
+                if (!prec_ourselves && dp->precision_arg_index != ARG_NONE)
+                  {
+                    if (!(a.arg[dp->precision_arg_index].type == TYPE_INT))
+                      abort ();
+                    prefixes[prefix_count++] = a.arg[dp->precision_arg_index].a.a_int;
+                  }
+
+#if USE_SNPRINTF
+                /* The SNPRINTF result is appended after result[0..length].
+                   The latter is an array of DCHAR_T; SNPRINTF appends an
+                   array of TCHAR_T to it.  This is possible because
+                   sizeof (TCHAR_T) divides sizeof (DCHAR_T) and
+                   alignof (TCHAR_T) <= alignof (DCHAR_T).  */
+# define TCHARS_PER_DCHAR (sizeof (DCHAR_T) / sizeof (TCHAR_T))
+                /* Ensure that maxlen below will be >= 2.  Needed on BeOS,
+                   where an snprintf() with maxlen==1 acts like sprintf().  */
+                ENSURE_ALLOCATION (xsum (length,
+                                         (2 + TCHARS_PER_DCHAR - 1)
+                                         / TCHARS_PER_DCHAR));
+                /* Prepare checking whether snprintf returns the count
+                   via %n.  */
+                *(TCHAR_T *) (result + length) = '\0';
+#endif
+
+                orig_errno = errno;
+
+                for (;;)
+                  {
+                    int count = -1;
+
+#if USE_SNPRINTF
+                    int retcount = 0;
+                    size_t maxlen = allocated - length;
+                    /* SNPRINTF can fail if its second argument is
+                       > INT_MAX.  */
+                    if (maxlen > INT_MAX / TCHARS_PER_DCHAR)
+                      maxlen = INT_MAX / TCHARS_PER_DCHAR;
+                    maxlen = maxlen * TCHARS_PER_DCHAR;
+# define SNPRINTF_BUF(arg) \
+                    switch (prefix_count)                                   \
+                      {                                                     \
+                      case 0:                                               \
+                        retcount = SNPRINTF ((TCHAR_T *) (result + length), \
+                                             maxlen, buf,                   \
+                                             arg, &count);                  \
+                        break;                                              \
+                      case 1:                                               \
+                        retcount = SNPRINTF ((TCHAR_T *) (result + length), \
+                                             maxlen, buf,                   \
+                                             prefixes[0], arg, &count);     \
+                        break;                                              \
+                      case 2:                                               \
+                        retcount = SNPRINTF ((TCHAR_T *) (result + length), \
+                                             maxlen, buf,                   \
+                                             prefixes[0], prefixes[1], arg, \
+                                             &count);                       \
+                        break;                                              \
+                      default:                                              \
+                        abort ();                                           \
+                      }
+#else
+# define SNPRINTF_BUF(arg) \
+                    switch (prefix_count)                                   \
+                      {                                                     \
+                      case 0:                                               \
+                        count = sprintf (tmp, buf, arg);                    \
+                        break;                                              \
+                      case 1:                                               \
+                        count = sprintf (tmp, buf, prefixes[0], arg);       \
+                        break;                                              \
+                      case 2:                                               \
+                        count = sprintf (tmp, buf, prefixes[0], prefixes[1],\
+                                         arg);                              \
+                        break;                                              \
+                      default:                                              \
+                        abort ();                                           \
+                      }
+#endif
+
+                    errno = 0;
+                    switch (type)
+                      {
+                      case TYPE_SCHAR:
+                        {
+                          int arg = a.arg[dp->arg_index].a.a_schar;
+                          SNPRINTF_BUF (arg);
+                        }
+                        break;
+                      case TYPE_UCHAR:
+                        {
+                          unsigned int arg = a.arg[dp->arg_index].a.a_uchar;
+                          SNPRINTF_BUF (arg);
+                        }
+                        break;
+                      case TYPE_SHORT:
+                        {
+                          int arg = a.arg[dp->arg_index].a.a_short;
+                          SNPRINTF_BUF (arg);
+                        }
+                        break;
+                      case TYPE_USHORT:
+                        {
+                          unsigned int arg = a.arg[dp->arg_index].a.a_ushort;
+                          SNPRINTF_BUF (arg);
+                        }
+                        break;
+                      case TYPE_INT:
+                        {
+                          int arg = a.arg[dp->arg_index].a.a_int;
+                          SNPRINTF_BUF (arg);
+                        }
+                        break;
+                      case TYPE_UINT:
+                        {
+                          unsigned int arg = a.arg[dp->arg_index].a.a_uint;
+                          SNPRINTF_BUF (arg);
+                        }
+                        break;
+                      case TYPE_LONGINT:
+                        {
+                          long int arg = a.arg[dp->arg_index].a.a_longint;
+                          SNPRINTF_BUF (arg);
+                        }
+                        break;
+                      case TYPE_ULONGINT:
+                        {
+                          unsigned long int arg = a.arg[dp->arg_index].a.a_ulongint;
+                          SNPRINTF_BUF (arg);
+                        }
+                        break;
+#if HAVE_LONG_LONG_INT
+                      case TYPE_LONGLONGINT:
+                        {
+                          long long int arg = a.arg[dp->arg_index].a.a_longlongint;
+                          SNPRINTF_BUF (arg);
+                        }
+                        break;
+                      case TYPE_ULONGLONGINT:
+                        {
+                          unsigned long long int arg = a.arg[dp->arg_index].a.a_ulonglongint;
+                          SNPRINTF_BUF (arg);
+                        }
+                        break;
+#endif
+                      case TYPE_DOUBLE:
+                        {
+                          double arg = a.arg[dp->arg_index].a.a_double;
+                          SNPRINTF_BUF (arg);
+                        }
+                        break;
+                      case TYPE_LONGDOUBLE:
+                        {
+                          long double arg = a.arg[dp->arg_index].a.a_longdouble;
+                          SNPRINTF_BUF (arg);
+                        }
+                        break;
+                      case TYPE_CHAR:
+                        {
+                          int arg = a.arg[dp->arg_index].a.a_char;
+                          SNPRINTF_BUF (arg);
+                        }
+                        break;
+#if HAVE_WINT_T
+                      case TYPE_WIDE_CHAR:
+                        {
+                          wint_t arg = a.arg[dp->arg_index].a.a_wide_char;
+                          SNPRINTF_BUF (arg);
+                        }
+                        break;
+#endif
+                      case TYPE_STRING:
+                        {
+                          const char *arg = a.arg[dp->arg_index].a.a_string;
+                          SNPRINTF_BUF (arg);
+                        }
+                        break;
+#if HAVE_WCHAR_T
+                      case TYPE_WIDE_STRING:
+                        {
+                          const wchar_t *arg = a.arg[dp->arg_index].a.a_wide_string;
+                          SNPRINTF_BUF (arg);
+                        }
+                        break;
+#endif
+                      case TYPE_POINTER:
+                        {
+                          void *arg = a.arg[dp->arg_index].a.a_pointer;
+                          SNPRINTF_BUF (arg);
+                        }
+                        break;
+                      default:
+                        abort ();
+                      }
+
+#if USE_SNPRINTF
+                    /* Portability: Not all implementations of snprintf()
+                       are ISO C 99 compliant.  Determine the number of
+                       bytes that snprintf() has produced or would have
+                       produced.  */
+                    if (count >= 0)
+                      {
+                        /* Verify that snprintf() has NUL-terminated its
+                           result.  */
+                        if ((unsigned int) count < maxlen
+                            && ((TCHAR_T *) (result + length)) [count] != '\0')
+                          abort ();
+                        /* Portability hack.  */
+                        if (retcount > count)
+                          count = retcount;
+                      }
+                    else
+                      {
+                        /* snprintf() doesn't understand the '%n'
+                           directive.  */
+                        if (fbp[1] != '\0')
+                          {
+                            /* Don't use the '%n' directive; instead, look
+                               at the snprintf() return value.  */
+                            fbp[1] = '\0';
+                            continue;
+                          }
+                        else
+                          {
+                            /* Look at the snprintf() return value.  */
+                            if (retcount < 0)
+                              {
+# if !HAVE_SNPRINTF_RETVAL_C99 || USE_MSVC__SNPRINTF
+                                /* HP-UX 10.20 snprintf() is doubly deficient:
+                                   It doesn't understand the '%n' directive,
+                                   *and* it returns -1 (rather than the length
+                                   that would have been required) when the
+                                   buffer is too small.
+                                   But a failure at this point can also come
+                                   from other reasons than a too small buffer,
+                                   such as an invalid wide string argument to
+                                   the %ls directive, or possibly an invalid
+                                   floating-point argument.  */
+                                size_t tmp_length =
+                                  MAX_ROOM_NEEDED (&a, dp->arg_index,
+                                                   dp->conversion, type, flags,
+                                                   width,
+                                                   has_precision,
+                                                   precision, pad_ourselves);
+
+                                if (maxlen < tmp_length)
+                                  {
+                                    /* Make more room.  But try to do through
+                                       this reallocation only once.  */
+                                    size_t bigger_need =
+                                      xsum (length,
+                                            xsum (tmp_length,
+                                                  TCHARS_PER_DCHAR - 1)
+                                            / TCHARS_PER_DCHAR);
+                                    /* And always grow proportionally.
+                                       (There may be several arguments, each
+                                       needing a little more room than the
+                                       previous one.)  */
+                                    size_t bigger_need2 =
+                                      xsum (xtimes (allocated, 2), 12);
+                                    if (bigger_need < bigger_need2)
+                                      bigger_need = bigger_need2;
+                                    ENSURE_ALLOCATION (bigger_need);
+                                    continue;
+                                  }
+# endif
+                              }
+                            else
+                              count = retcount;
+                          }
+                      }
+#endif
+
+                    /* Attempt to handle failure.  */
+                    if (count < 0)
+                      {
+                        /* SNPRINTF or sprintf failed.  Save and use the errno
+                           that it has set, if any.  */
+                        int saved_errno = errno;
+                        if (saved_errno == 0)
+                          {
+                            if (dp->conversion == 'c' || dp->conversion == 's')
+                              saved_errno = EILSEQ;
+                            else
+                              saved_errno = EINVAL;
+                          }
+
+                        if (!(result == resultbuf || result == NULL))
+                          free (result);
+                        if (buf_malloced != NULL)
+                          free (buf_malloced);
+                        CLEANUP ();
+
+                        errno = saved_errno;
+                        return NULL;
+                      }
+
+#if USE_SNPRINTF
+                    /* Handle overflow of the allocated buffer.
+                       If such an overflow occurs, a C99 compliant snprintf()
+                       returns a count >= maxlen.  However, a non-compliant
+                       snprintf() function returns only count = maxlen - 1.  To
+                       cover both cases, test whether count >= maxlen - 1.  */
+                    if ((unsigned int) count + 1 >= maxlen)
+                      {
+                        /* If maxlen already has attained its allowed maximum,
+                           allocating more memory will not increase maxlen.
+                           Instead of looping, bail out.  */
+                        if (maxlen == INT_MAX / TCHARS_PER_DCHAR)
+                          goto overflow;
+                        else
+                          {
+                            /* Need at least (count + 1) * sizeof (TCHAR_T)
+                               bytes.  (The +1 is for the trailing NUL.)
+                               But ask for (count + 2) * sizeof (TCHAR_T)
+                               bytes, so that in the next round, we likely get
+                                 maxlen > (unsigned int) count + 1
+                               and so we don't get here again.
+                               And allocate proportionally, to avoid looping
+                               eternally if snprintf() reports a too small
+                               count.  */
+                            size_t n =
+                              xmax (xsum (length,
+                                          ((unsigned int) count + 2
+                                           + TCHARS_PER_DCHAR - 1)
+                                          / TCHARS_PER_DCHAR),
+                                    xtimes (allocated, 2));
+
+                            ENSURE_ALLOCATION (n);
+                            continue;
+                          }
+                      }
+#endif
+
+#if NEED_PRINTF_UNBOUNDED_PRECISION
+                    if (prec_ourselves)
+                      {
+                        /* Handle the precision.  */
+                        TCHAR_T *prec_ptr =
+# if USE_SNPRINTF
+                          (TCHAR_T *) (result + length);
+# else
+                          tmp;
+# endif
+                        size_t prefix_count;
+                        size_t move;
+
+                        prefix_count = 0;
+                        /* Put the additional zeroes after the sign.  */
+                        if (count >= 1
+                            && (*prec_ptr == '-' || *prec_ptr == '+'
+                                || *prec_ptr == ' '))
+                          prefix_count = 1;
+                        /* Put the additional zeroes after the 0x prefix if
+                           (flags & FLAG_ALT) || (dp->conversion == 'p').  */
+                        else if (count >= 2
+                                 && prec_ptr[0] == '0'
+                                 && (prec_ptr[1] == 'x' || prec_ptr[1] == 'X'))
+                          prefix_count = 2;
+
+                        move = count - prefix_count;
+                        if (precision > move)
+                          {
+                            /* Insert zeroes.  */
+                            size_t insert = precision - move;
+                            TCHAR_T *prec_end;
+
+# if USE_SNPRINTF
+                            size_t n =
+                              xsum (length,
+                                    (count + insert + TCHARS_PER_DCHAR - 1)
+                                    / TCHARS_PER_DCHAR);
+                            length += (count + TCHARS_PER_DCHAR - 1) / TCHARS_PER_DCHAR;
+                            ENSURE_ALLOCATION (n);
+                            length -= (count + TCHARS_PER_DCHAR - 1) / TCHARS_PER_DCHAR;
+                            prec_ptr = (TCHAR_T *) (result + length);
+# endif
+
+                            prec_end = prec_ptr + count;
+                            prec_ptr += prefix_count;
+
+                            while (prec_end > prec_ptr)
+                              {
+                                prec_end--;
+                                prec_end[insert] = prec_end[0];
+                              }
+
+                            prec_end += insert;
+                            do
+                              *--prec_end = '0';
+                            while (prec_end > prec_ptr);
+
+                            count += insert;
+                          }
+                      }
+#endif
+
+#if !USE_SNPRINTF
+                    if (count >= tmp_length)
+                      /* tmp_length was incorrectly calculated - fix the
+                         code above!  */
+                      abort ();
+#endif
+
+#if !DCHAR_IS_TCHAR
+                    /* Convert from TCHAR_T[] to DCHAR_T[].  */
+                    if (dp->conversion == 'c' || dp->conversion == 's')
+                      {
+                        /* type = TYPE_CHAR or TYPE_WIDE_CHAR or TYPE_STRING
+                           TYPE_WIDE_STRING.
+                           The result string is not certainly ASCII.  */
+                        const TCHAR_T *tmpsrc;
+                        DCHAR_T *tmpdst;
+                        size_t tmpdst_len;
+                        /* This code assumes that TCHAR_T is 'char'.  */
+                        verify (sizeof (TCHAR_T) == 1);
+# if USE_SNPRINTF
+                        tmpsrc = (TCHAR_T *) (result + length);
+# else
+                        tmpsrc = tmp;
+# endif
+                        tmpdst =
+                          DCHAR_CONV_FROM_ENCODING (locale_charset (),
+                                                    iconveh_question_mark,
+                                                    tmpsrc, count,
+                                                    NULL,
+                                                    NULL, &tmpdst_len);
+                        if (tmpdst == NULL)
+                          {
+                            int saved_errno = errno;
+                            if (!(result == resultbuf || result == NULL))
+                              free (result);
+                            if (buf_malloced != NULL)
+                              free (buf_malloced);
+                            CLEANUP ();
+                            errno = saved_errno;
+                            return NULL;
+                          }
+                        ENSURE_ALLOCATION (xsum (length, tmpdst_len));
+                        DCHAR_CPY (result + length, tmpdst, tmpdst_len);
+                        free (tmpdst);
+                        count = tmpdst_len;
+                      }
+                    else
+                      {
+                        /* The result string is ASCII.
+                           Simple 1:1 conversion.  */
+# if USE_SNPRINTF
+                        /* If sizeof (DCHAR_T) == sizeof (TCHAR_T), it's a
+                           no-op conversion, in-place on the array starting
+                           at (result + length).  */
+                        if (sizeof (DCHAR_T) != sizeof (TCHAR_T))
+# endif
+                          {
+                            const TCHAR_T *tmpsrc;
+                            DCHAR_T *tmpdst;
+                            size_t n;
+
+# if USE_SNPRINTF
+                            if (result == resultbuf)
+                              {
+                                tmpsrc = (TCHAR_T *) (result + length);
+                                /* ENSURE_ALLOCATION will not move tmpsrc
+                                   (because it's part of resultbuf).  */
+                                ENSURE_ALLOCATION (xsum (length, count));
+                              }
+                            else
+                              {
+                                /* ENSURE_ALLOCATION will move the array
+                                   (because it uses realloc().  */
+                                ENSURE_ALLOCATION (xsum (length, count));
+                                tmpsrc = (TCHAR_T *) (result + length);
+                              }
+# else
+                            tmpsrc = tmp;
+                            ENSURE_ALLOCATION (xsum (length, count));
+# endif
+                            tmpdst = result + length;
+                            /* Copy backwards, because of overlapping.  */
+                            tmpsrc += count;
+                            tmpdst += count;
+                            for (n = count; n > 0; n--)
+                              *--tmpdst = *--tmpsrc;
+                          }
+                      }
+#endif
+
+#if DCHAR_IS_TCHAR && !USE_SNPRINTF
+                    /* Make room for the result.  */
+                    if (count > allocated - length)
+                      {
+                        /* Need at least count elements.  But allocate
+                           proportionally.  */
+                        size_t n =
+                          xmax (xsum (length, count), xtimes (allocated, 2));
+
+                        ENSURE_ALLOCATION (n);
+                      }
+#endif
+
+                    /* Here count <= allocated - length.  */
+
+                    /* Perform padding.  */
+#if !DCHAR_IS_TCHAR || ENABLE_UNISTDIO || NEED_PRINTF_FLAG_LEFTADJUST || NEED_PRINTF_FLAG_ZERO || NEED_PRINTF_UNBOUNDED_PRECISION
+                    if (pad_ourselves && has_width)
+                      {
+                        size_t w;
+# if ENABLE_UNISTDIO
+                        /* Outside POSIX, it's preferable to compare the width
+                           against the number of _characters_ of the converted
+                           value.  */
+                        w = DCHAR_MBSNLEN (result + length, count);
+# else
+                        /* The width is compared against the number of _bytes_
+                           of the converted value, says POSIX.  */
+                        w = count;
+# endif
+                        if (w < width)
+                          {
+                            size_t pad = width - w;
+
+                            /* Make room for the result.  */
+                            if (xsum (count, pad) > allocated - length)
+                              {
+                                /* Need at least count + pad elements.  But
+                                   allocate proportionally.  */
+                                size_t n =
+                                  xmax (xsum3 (length, count, pad),
+                                        xtimes (allocated, 2));
+
+# if USE_SNPRINTF
+                                length += count;
+                                ENSURE_ALLOCATION (n);
+                                length -= count;
+# else
+                                ENSURE_ALLOCATION (n);
+# endif
+                              }
+                            /* Here count + pad <= allocated - length.  */
+
+                            {
+# if !DCHAR_IS_TCHAR || USE_SNPRINTF
+                              DCHAR_T * const rp = result + length;
+# else
+                              DCHAR_T * const rp = tmp;
+# endif
+                              DCHAR_T *p = rp + count;
+                              DCHAR_T *end = p + pad;
+                              DCHAR_T *pad_ptr;
+# if !DCHAR_IS_TCHAR || ENABLE_UNISTDIO
+                              if (dp->conversion == 'c'
+                                  || dp->conversion == 's')
+                                /* No zero-padding for string directives.  */
+                                pad_ptr = NULL;
+                              else
+# endif
+                                {
+                                  pad_ptr = (*rp == '-' ? rp + 1 : rp);
+                                  /* No zero-padding of "inf" and "nan".  */
+                                  if ((*pad_ptr >= 'A' && *pad_ptr <= 'Z')
+                                      || (*pad_ptr >= 'a' && *pad_ptr <= 'z'))
+                                    pad_ptr = NULL;
+                                }
+                              /* The generated string now extends from rp to p,
+                                 with the zero padding insertion point being at
+                                 pad_ptr.  */
+
+                              count = count + pad; /* = end - rp */
+
+                              if (flags & FLAG_LEFT)
+                                {
+                                  /* Pad with spaces on the right.  */
+                                  for (; pad > 0; pad--)
+                                    *p++ = ' ';
+                                }
+                              else if ((flags & FLAG_ZERO) && pad_ptr != NULL)
+                                {
+                                  /* Pad with zeroes.  */
+                                  DCHAR_T *q = end;
+
+                                  while (p > pad_ptr)
+                                    *--q = *--p;
+                                  for (; pad > 0; pad--)
+                                    *p++ = '0';
+                                }
+                              else
+                                {
+                                  /* Pad with spaces on the left.  */
+                                  DCHAR_T *q = end;
+
+                                  while (p > rp)
+                                    *--q = *--p;
+                                  for (; pad > 0; pad--)
+                                    *p++ = ' ';
+                                }
+                            }
+                          }
+                      }
+#endif
+
+                    /* Here still count <= allocated - length.  */
+
+#if !DCHAR_IS_TCHAR || USE_SNPRINTF
+                    /* The snprintf() result did fit.  */
+#else
+                    /* Append the sprintf() result.  */
+                    memcpy (result + length, tmp, count * sizeof (DCHAR_T));
+#endif
+#if !USE_SNPRINTF
+                    if (tmp != tmpbuf)
+                      free (tmp);
+#endif
+
+#if NEED_PRINTF_DIRECTIVE_F
+                    if (dp->conversion == 'F')
+                      {
+                        /* Convert the %f result to upper case for %F.  */
+                        DCHAR_T *rp = result + length;
+                        size_t rc;
+                        for (rc = count; rc > 0; rc--, rp++)
+                          if (*rp >= 'a' && *rp <= 'z')
+                            *rp = *rp - 'a' + 'A';
+                      }
+#endif
+
+                    length += count;
+                    break;
+                  }
+                errno = orig_errno;
+#undef pad_ourselves
+#undef prec_ourselves
+              }
+          }
+      }
+
+    /* Add the final NUL.  */
+    ENSURE_ALLOCATION (xsum (length, 1));
+    result[length] = '\0';
+
+    if (result != resultbuf && length + 1 < allocated)
+      {
+        /* Shrink the allocated memory if possible.  */
+        DCHAR_T *memory;
+
+        memory = (DCHAR_T *) realloc (result, (length + 1) * sizeof (DCHAR_T));
+        if (memory != NULL)
+          result = memory;
+      }
+
+    if (buf_malloced != NULL)
+      free (buf_malloced);
+    CLEANUP ();
+    *lengthp = length;
+    /* Note that we can produce a big string of a length > INT_MAX.  POSIX
+       says that snprintf() fails with errno = EOVERFLOW in this case, but
+       that's only because snprintf() returns an 'int'.  This function does
+       not have this limitation.  */
+    return result;
+
+#if USE_SNPRINTF
+  overflow:
+    if (!(result == resultbuf || result == NULL))
+      free (result);
+    if (buf_malloced != NULL)
+      free (buf_malloced);
+    CLEANUP ();
+    errno = EOVERFLOW;
+    return NULL;
+#endif
+
+  out_of_memory:
+    if (!(result == resultbuf || result == NULL))
+      free (result);
+    if (buf_malloced != NULL)
+      free (buf_malloced);
+  out_of_memory_1:
+    CLEANUP ();
+    errno = ENOMEM;
+    return NULL;
+  }
+}
+
+#undef MAX_ROOM_NEEDED
+#undef TCHARS_PER_DCHAR
+#undef SNPRINTF
+#undef USE_SNPRINTF
+#undef DCHAR_SET
+#undef DCHAR_CPY
+#undef PRINTF_PARSE
+#undef DIRECTIVES
+#undef DIRECTIVE
+#undef DCHAR_IS_TCHAR
+#undef TCHAR_T
+#undef DCHAR_T
+#undef FCHAR_T
+#undef VASNPRINTF