Adding upstream version 1.12.0.upstream/1.12.0upstream

Signed-off-by: Daniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org>

1 files changed, 2771 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/collectors/cgroups.plugin/sys_fs_cgroup.c b/collectors/cgroups.plugin/sys_fs_cgroup.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f8e5167
--- /dev/null
+++ b/collectors/cgroups.plugin/sys_fs_cgroup.c
@@ -0,0 +1,2771 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
+
+#include "sys_fs_cgroup.h"
+
+#define PLUGIN_CGROUPS_NAME "cgroups.plugin"
+#define PLUGIN_CGROUPS_MODULE_SYSTEMD_NAME "systemd"
+#define PLUGIN_CGROUPS_MODULE_CGROUPS_NAME "/sys/fs/cgroup"
+
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// cgroup globals
+
+static long system_page_size = 4096; // system will be queried via sysconf() in configuration()
+
+static int cgroup_enable_cpuacct_stat = CONFIG_BOOLEAN_AUTO;
+static int cgroup_enable_cpuacct_usage = CONFIG_BOOLEAN_AUTO;
+static int cgroup_enable_memory = CONFIG_BOOLEAN_AUTO;
+static int cgroup_enable_detailed_memory = CONFIG_BOOLEAN_AUTO;
+static int cgroup_enable_memory_failcnt = CONFIG_BOOLEAN_AUTO;
+static int cgroup_enable_swap = CONFIG_BOOLEAN_AUTO;
+static int cgroup_enable_blkio_io = CONFIG_BOOLEAN_AUTO;
+static int cgroup_enable_blkio_ops = CONFIG_BOOLEAN_AUTO;
+static int cgroup_enable_blkio_throttle_io = CONFIG_BOOLEAN_AUTO;
+static int cgroup_enable_blkio_throttle_ops = CONFIG_BOOLEAN_AUTO;
+static int cgroup_enable_blkio_merged_ops = CONFIG_BOOLEAN_AUTO;
+static int cgroup_enable_blkio_queued_ops = CONFIG_BOOLEAN_AUTO;
+
+static int cgroup_enable_systemd_services = CONFIG_BOOLEAN_YES;
+static int cgroup_enable_systemd_services_detailed_memory = CONFIG_BOOLEAN_NO;
+static int cgroup_used_memory_without_cache = CONFIG_BOOLEAN_YES;
+
+static int cgroup_search_in_devices = 1;
+
+static int cgroup_enable_new_cgroups_detected_at_runtime = 1;
+static int cgroup_check_for_new_every = 10;
+static int cgroup_update_every = 1;
+
+static int cgroup_recheck_zero_blkio_every_iterations = 10;
+static int cgroup_recheck_zero_mem_failcnt_every_iterations = 10;
+static int cgroup_recheck_zero_mem_detailed_every_iterations = 10;
+
+static char *cgroup_cpuacct_base = NULL;
+static char *cgroup_blkio_base = NULL;
+static char *cgroup_memory_base = NULL;
+static char *cgroup_devices_base = NULL;
+
+static int cgroup_root_count = 0;
+static int cgroup_root_max = 1000;
+static int cgroup_max_depth = 0;
+
+static SIMPLE_PATTERN *enabled_cgroup_patterns = NULL;
+static SIMPLE_PATTERN *enabled_cgroup_paths = NULL;
+static SIMPLE_PATTERN *enabled_cgroup_renames = NULL;
+static SIMPLE_PATTERN *systemd_services_cgroups = NULL;
+
+static char *cgroups_rename_script = NULL;
+static char *cgroups_network_interface_script = NULL;
+
+static int cgroups_check = 0;
+
+static uint32_t Read_hash = 0;
+static uint32_t Write_hash = 0;
+static uint32_t user_hash = 0;
+static uint32_t system_hash = 0;
+
+void read_cgroup_plugin_configuration() {
+    system_page_size = sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE);
+
+    Read_hash = simple_hash("Read");
+    Write_hash = simple_hash("Write");
+    user_hash = simple_hash("user");
+    system_hash = simple_hash("system");
+
+    cgroup_update_every = (int)config_get_number("plugin:cgroups", "update every", localhost->rrd_update_every);
+    if(cgroup_update_every < localhost->rrd_update_every)
+        cgroup_update_every = localhost->rrd_update_every;
+
+    cgroup_check_for_new_every = (int)config_get_number("plugin:cgroups", "check for new cgroups every", (long long)cgroup_check_for_new_every * (long long)cgroup_update_every);
+    if(cgroup_check_for_new_every < cgroup_update_every)
+        cgroup_check_for_new_every = cgroup_update_every;
+
+    cgroup_enable_cpuacct_stat = config_get_boolean_ondemand("plugin:cgroups", "enable cpuacct stat (total CPU)", cgroup_enable_cpuacct_stat);
+    cgroup_enable_cpuacct_usage = config_get_boolean_ondemand("plugin:cgroups", "enable cpuacct usage (per core CPU)", cgroup_enable_cpuacct_usage);
+
+    cgroup_enable_memory = config_get_boolean_ondemand("plugin:cgroups", "enable memory (used mem including cache)", cgroup_enable_memory);
+    cgroup_enable_detailed_memory = config_get_boolean_ondemand("plugin:cgroups", "enable detailed memory", cgroup_enable_detailed_memory);
+    cgroup_enable_memory_failcnt = config_get_boolean_ondemand("plugin:cgroups", "enable memory limits fail count", cgroup_enable_memory_failcnt);
+    cgroup_enable_swap = config_get_boolean_ondemand("plugin:cgroups", "enable swap memory", cgroup_enable_swap);
+
+    cgroup_enable_blkio_io = config_get_boolean_ondemand("plugin:cgroups", "enable blkio bandwidth", cgroup_enable_blkio_io);
+    cgroup_enable_blkio_ops = config_get_boolean_ondemand("plugin:cgroups", "enable blkio operations", cgroup_enable_blkio_ops);
+    cgroup_enable_blkio_throttle_io = config_get_boolean_ondemand("plugin:cgroups", "enable blkio throttle bandwidth", cgroup_enable_blkio_throttle_io);
+    cgroup_enable_blkio_throttle_ops = config_get_boolean_ondemand("plugin:cgroups", "enable blkio throttle operations", cgroup_enable_blkio_throttle_ops);
+    cgroup_enable_blkio_queued_ops = config_get_boolean_ondemand("plugin:cgroups", "enable blkio queued operations", cgroup_enable_blkio_queued_ops);
+    cgroup_enable_blkio_merged_ops = config_get_boolean_ondemand("plugin:cgroups", "enable blkio merged operations", cgroup_enable_blkio_merged_ops);
+
+    cgroup_recheck_zero_blkio_every_iterations = (int)config_get_number("plugin:cgroups", "recheck zero blkio every iterations", cgroup_recheck_zero_blkio_every_iterations);
+    cgroup_recheck_zero_mem_failcnt_every_iterations = (int)config_get_number("plugin:cgroups", "recheck zero memory failcnt every iterations", cgroup_recheck_zero_mem_failcnt_every_iterations);
+    cgroup_recheck_zero_mem_detailed_every_iterations = (int)config_get_number("plugin:cgroups", "recheck zero detailed memory every iterations", cgroup_recheck_zero_mem_detailed_every_iterations);
+
+    cgroup_enable_systemd_services = config_get_boolean("plugin:cgroups", "enable systemd services", cgroup_enable_systemd_services);
+    cgroup_enable_systemd_services_detailed_memory = config_get_boolean("plugin:cgroups", "enable systemd services detailed memory", cgroup_enable_systemd_services_detailed_memory);
+    cgroup_used_memory_without_cache = config_get_boolean("plugin:cgroups", "report used memory without cache", cgroup_used_memory_without_cache);
+
+    char filename[FILENAME_MAX + 1], *s;
+    struct mountinfo *mi, *root = mountinfo_read(0);
+
+    mi = mountinfo_find_by_filesystem_super_option(root, "cgroup", "cpuacct");
+    if(!mi) mi = mountinfo_find_by_filesystem_mount_source(root, "cgroup", "cpuacct");
+    if(!mi) {
+        error("CGROUP: cannot find cpuacct mountinfo. Assuming default: /sys/fs/cgroup/cpuacct");
+        s = "/sys/fs/cgroup/cpuacct";
+    }
+    else s = mi->mount_point;
+    snprintfz(filename, FILENAME_MAX, "%s%s", netdata_configured_host_prefix, s);
+    cgroup_cpuacct_base = config_get("plugin:cgroups", "path to /sys/fs/cgroup/cpuacct", filename);
+
+    mi = mountinfo_find_by_filesystem_super_option(root, "cgroup", "blkio");
+    if(!mi) mi = mountinfo_find_by_filesystem_mount_source(root, "cgroup", "blkio");
+    if(!mi) {
+        error("CGROUP: cannot find blkio mountinfo. Assuming default: /sys/fs/cgroup/blkio");
+        s = "/sys/fs/cgroup/blkio";
+    }
+    else s = mi->mount_point;
+    snprintfz(filename, FILENAME_MAX, "%s%s", netdata_configured_host_prefix, s);
+    cgroup_blkio_base = config_get("plugin:cgroups", "path to /sys/fs/cgroup/blkio", filename);
+
+    mi = mountinfo_find_by_filesystem_super_option(root, "cgroup", "memory");
+    if(!mi) mi = mountinfo_find_by_filesystem_mount_source(root, "cgroup", "memory");
+    if(!mi) {
+        error("CGROUP: cannot find memory mountinfo. Assuming default: /sys/fs/cgroup/memory");
+        s = "/sys/fs/cgroup/memory";
+    }
+    else s = mi->mount_point;
+    snprintfz(filename, FILENAME_MAX, "%s%s", netdata_configured_host_prefix, s);
+    cgroup_memory_base = config_get("plugin:cgroups", "path to /sys/fs/cgroup/memory", filename);
+
+    mi = mountinfo_find_by_filesystem_super_option(root, "cgroup", "devices");
+    if(!mi) mi = mountinfo_find_by_filesystem_mount_source(root, "cgroup", "devices");
+    if(!mi) {
+        error("CGROUP: cannot find devices mountinfo. Assuming default: /sys/fs/cgroup/devices");
+        s = "/sys/fs/cgroup/devices";
+    }
+    else s = mi->mount_point;
+    snprintfz(filename, FILENAME_MAX, "%s%s", netdata_configured_host_prefix, s);
+    cgroup_devices_base = config_get("plugin:cgroups", "path to /sys/fs/cgroup/devices", filename);
+
+    cgroup_root_max = (int)config_get_number("plugin:cgroups", "max cgroups to allow", cgroup_root_max);
+    cgroup_max_depth = (int)config_get_number("plugin:cgroups", "max cgroups depth to monitor", cgroup_max_depth);
+
+    cgroup_enable_new_cgroups_detected_at_runtime = config_get_boolean("plugin:cgroups", "enable new cgroups detected at run time", cgroup_enable_new_cgroups_detected_at_runtime);
+
+    enabled_cgroup_patterns = simple_pattern_create(
+            config_get("plugin:cgroups", "enable by default cgroups matching",
+            // ----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+                    " !*/init.scope "                      // ignore init.scope
+                    " !/system.slice/run-*.scope "         // ignore system.slice/run-XXXX.scope
+                    " *.scope "                            // we need all other *.scope for sure
+
+            // ----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+                    " /machine.slice/*.service "           // #3367 systemd-nspawn
+
+            // ----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+                    " !*/vcpu* "                           // libvirtd adds these sub-cgroups
+                    " !*/emulator "                        // libvirtd adds these sub-cgroups
+                    " !*.mount "
+                    " !*.partition "
+                    " !*.service "
+                    " !*.socket "
+                    " !*.slice "
+                    " !*.swap "
+                    " !*.user "
+                    " !/ "
+                    " !/docker "
+                    " !/libvirt "
+                    " !/lxc "
+                    " !/lxc/*/* "                          //  #1397 #2649
+                    " !/machine "
+                    " !/qemu "
+                    " !/system "
+                    " !/systemd "
+                    " !/user "
+                    " * "                                  // enable anything else
+            ), NULL, SIMPLE_PATTERN_EXACT);
+
+    enabled_cgroup_paths = simple_pattern_create(
+            config_get("plugin:cgroups", "search for cgroups in subpaths matching",
+                    " !*/init.scope "                      // ignore init.scope
+                    " !*-qemu "                            //  #345
+                    " !*.libvirt-qemu "                    //  #3010
+                    " !/init.scope "
+                    " !/system "
+                    " !/systemd "
+                    " !/user "
+                    " !/user.slice "
+                    " !/lxc/*/* "                          //  #2161 #2649
+                    " * "
+            ), NULL, SIMPLE_PATTERN_EXACT);
+
+    snprintfz(filename, FILENAME_MAX, "%s/cgroup-name.sh", netdata_configured_plugins_dir);
+    cgroups_rename_script = config_get("plugin:cgroups", "script to get cgroup names", filename);
+
+    snprintfz(filename, FILENAME_MAX, "%s/cgroup-network", netdata_configured_plugins_dir);
+    cgroups_network_interface_script = config_get("plugin:cgroups", "script to get cgroup network interfaces", filename);
+
+    enabled_cgroup_renames = simple_pattern_create(
+            config_get("plugin:cgroups", "run script to rename cgroups matching",
+                    " !/ "
+                    " !*.mount "
+                    " !*.socket "
+                    " !*.partition "
+                    " /machine.slice/*.service "          // #3367 systemd-nspawn
+                    " !*.service "
+                    " !*.slice "
+                    " !*.swap "
+                    " !*.user "
+                    " !init.scope "
+                    " !*.scope/vcpu* "                    // libvirtd adds these sub-cgroups
+                    " !*.scope/emulator "                 // libvirtd adds these sub-cgroups
+                    " *.scope "
+                    " *docker* "
+                    " *lxc* "
+                    " *qemu* "
+                    " *kubepods* "                        // #3396 kubernetes
+                    " *.libvirt-qemu "                    // #3010
+                    " * "
+            ), NULL, SIMPLE_PATTERN_EXACT);
+
+    if(cgroup_enable_systemd_services) {
+        systemd_services_cgroups = simple_pattern_create(
+                config_get("plugin:cgroups", "cgroups to match as systemd services",
+                        " !/system.slice/*/*.service "
+                        " /system.slice/*.service "
+                ), NULL, SIMPLE_PATTERN_EXACT);
+    }
+
+    mountinfo_free_all(root);
+}
+
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// cgroup objects
+
+struct blkio {
+    int updated;
+    int enabled; // CONFIG_BOOLEAN_YES or CONFIG_BOOLEAN_AUTO
+    int delay_counter;
+
+    char *filename;
+
+    unsigned long long Read;
+    unsigned long long Write;
+/*
+    unsigned long long Sync;
+    unsigned long long Async;
+    unsigned long long Total;
+*/
+};
+
+// https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/cgroup-v1/memory.txt
+struct memory {
+    ARL_BASE *arl_base;
+    ARL_ENTRY *arl_dirty;
+    ARL_ENTRY *arl_swap;
+
+    int updated_detailed;
+    int updated_usage_in_bytes;
+    int updated_msw_usage_in_bytes;
+    int updated_failcnt;
+
+    int enabled_detailed;           // CONFIG_BOOLEAN_YES or CONFIG_BOOLEAN_AUTO
+    int enabled_usage_in_bytes;     // CONFIG_BOOLEAN_YES or CONFIG_BOOLEAN_AUTO
+    int enabled_msw_usage_in_bytes; // CONFIG_BOOLEAN_YES or CONFIG_BOOLEAN_AUTO
+    int enabled_failcnt;            // CONFIG_BOOLEAN_YES or CONFIG_BOOLEAN_AUTO
+
+    int delay_counter_detailed;
+    int delay_counter_failcnt;
+
+    char *filename_detailed;
+    char *filename_usage_in_bytes;
+    char *filename_msw_usage_in_bytes;
+    char *filename_failcnt;
+
+    int detailed_has_dirty;
+    int detailed_has_swap;
+
+    // detailed metrics
+    unsigned long long cache;
+    unsigned long long rss;
+    unsigned long long rss_huge;
+    unsigned long long mapped_file;
+    unsigned long long writeback;
+    unsigned long long dirty;
+    unsigned long long swap;
+    unsigned long long pgpgin;
+    unsigned long long pgpgout;
+    unsigned long long pgfault;
+    unsigned long long pgmajfault;
+/*
+    unsigned long long inactive_anon;
+    unsigned long long active_anon;
+    unsigned long long inactive_file;
+    unsigned long long active_file;
+    unsigned long long unevictable;
+    unsigned long long hierarchical_memory_limit;
+    unsigned long long total_cache;
+    unsigned long long total_rss;
+    unsigned long long total_rss_huge;
+    unsigned long long total_mapped_file;
+    unsigned long long total_writeback;
+    unsigned long long total_dirty;
+    unsigned long long total_swap;
+    unsigned long long total_pgpgin;
+    unsigned long long total_pgpgout;
+    unsigned long long total_pgfault;
+    unsigned long long total_pgmajfault;
+    unsigned long long total_inactive_anon;
+    unsigned long long total_active_anon;
+    unsigned long long total_inactive_file;
+    unsigned long long total_active_file;
+    unsigned long long total_unevictable;
+*/
+
+    // single file metrics
+    unsigned long long usage_in_bytes;
+    unsigned long long msw_usage_in_bytes;
+    unsigned long long failcnt;
+};
+
+// https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/cgroup-v1/cpuacct.txt
+struct cpuacct_stat {
+    int updated;
+    int enabled; // CONFIG_BOOLEAN_YES or CONFIG_BOOLEAN_AUTO
+
+    char *filename;
+
+    unsigned long long user;
+    unsigned long long system;
+};
+
+// https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/cgroup-v1/cpuacct.txt
+struct cpuacct_usage {
+    int updated;
+    int enabled; // CONFIG_BOOLEAN_YES or CONFIG_BOOLEAN_AUTO
+
+    char *filename;
+
+    unsigned int cpus;
+    unsigned long long *cpu_percpu;
+};
+
+struct cgroup_network_interface {
+    const char *host_device;
+    const char *container_device;
+    struct cgroup_network_interface *next;
+};
+
+#define CGROUP_OPTIONS_DISABLED_DUPLICATE   0x00000001
+#define CGROUP_OPTIONS_SYSTEM_SLICE_SERVICE 0x00000002
+
+struct cgroup {
+    uint32_t options;
+
+    char available;      // found in the filesystem
+    char enabled;        // enabled in the config
+
+    char *id;
+    uint32_t hash;
+
+    char *chart_id;
+    uint32_t hash_chart;
+
+    char *chart_title;
+
+    struct cpuacct_stat cpuacct_stat;
+    struct cpuacct_usage cpuacct_usage;
+
+    struct memory memory;
+
+    struct blkio io_service_bytes;              // bytes
+    struct blkio io_serviced;                   // operations
+
+    struct blkio throttle_io_service_bytes;     // bytes
+    struct blkio throttle_io_serviced;          // operations
+
+    struct blkio io_merged;                     // operations
+    struct blkio io_queued;                     // operations
+
+    struct cgroup_network_interface *interfaces;
+
+    // per cgroup charts
+    RRDSET *st_cpu;
+    RRDSET *st_cpu_per_core;
+    RRDSET *st_mem;
+    RRDSET *st_writeback;
+    RRDSET *st_mem_activity;
+    RRDSET *st_pgfaults;
+    RRDSET *st_mem_usage;
+    RRDSET *st_mem_failcnt;
+    RRDSET *st_io;
+    RRDSET *st_serviced_ops;
+    RRDSET *st_throttle_io;
+    RRDSET *st_throttle_serviced_ops;
+    RRDSET *st_queued_ops;
+    RRDSET *st_merged_ops;
+
+    // services
+    RRDDIM *rd_cpu;
+    RRDDIM *rd_mem_usage;
+    RRDDIM *rd_mem_failcnt;
+    RRDDIM *rd_swap_usage;
+
+    RRDDIM *rd_mem_detailed_cache;
+    RRDDIM *rd_mem_detailed_rss;
+    RRDDIM *rd_mem_detailed_mapped;
+    RRDDIM *rd_mem_detailed_writeback;
+    RRDDIM *rd_mem_detailed_pgpgin;
+    RRDDIM *rd_mem_detailed_pgpgout;
+    RRDDIM *rd_mem_detailed_pgfault;
+    RRDDIM *rd_mem_detailed_pgmajfault;
+
+    RRDDIM *rd_io_service_bytes_read;
+    RRDDIM *rd_io_serviced_read;
+    RRDDIM *rd_throttle_io_read;
+    RRDDIM *rd_throttle_io_serviced_read;
+    RRDDIM *rd_io_queued_read;
+    RRDDIM *rd_io_merged_read;
+
+    RRDDIM *rd_io_service_bytes_write;
+    RRDDIM *rd_io_serviced_write;
+    RRDDIM *rd_throttle_io_write;
+    RRDDIM *rd_throttle_io_serviced_write;
+    RRDDIM *rd_io_queued_write;
+    RRDDIM *rd_io_merged_write;
+
+    struct cgroup *next;
+
+} *cgroup_root = NULL;
+
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// read values from /sys
+
+static inline void cgroup_read_cpuacct_stat(struct cpuacct_stat *cp) {
+    static procfile *ff = NULL;
+
+    if(likely(cp->filename)) {
+        ff = procfile_reopen(ff, cp->filename, NULL, PROCFILE_FLAG_DEFAULT);
+        if(unlikely(!ff)) {
+            cp->updated = 0;
+            cgroups_check = 1;
+            return;
+        }
+
+        ff = procfile_readall(ff);
+        if(unlikely(!ff)) {
+            cp->updated = 0;
+            cgroups_check = 1;
+            return;
+        }
+
+        unsigned long i, lines = procfile_lines(ff);
+
+        if(unlikely(lines < 1)) {
+            error("CGROUP: file '%s' should have 1+ lines.", cp->filename);
+            cp->updated = 0;
+            return;
+        }
+
+        for(i = 0; i < lines ; i++) {
+            char *s = procfile_lineword(ff, i, 0);
+            uint32_t hash = simple_hash(s);
+
+            if(unlikely(hash == user_hash && !strcmp(s, "user")))
+                cp->user = str2ull(procfile_lineword(ff, i, 1));
+
+            else if(unlikely(hash == system_hash && !strcmp(s, "system")))
+                cp->system = str2ull(procfile_lineword(ff, i, 1));
+        }
+
+        cp->updated = 1;
+
+        if(unlikely(cp->enabled == CONFIG_BOOLEAN_AUTO && (cp->user || cp->system)))
+            cp->enabled = CONFIG_BOOLEAN_YES;
+    }
+}
+
+static inline void cgroup_read_cpuacct_usage(struct cpuacct_usage *ca) {
+    static procfile *ff = NULL;
+
+    if(likely(ca->filename)) {
+        ff = procfile_reopen(ff, ca->filename, NULL, PROCFILE_FLAG_DEFAULT);
+        if(unlikely(!ff)) {
+            ca->updated = 0;
+            cgroups_check = 1;
+            return;
+        }
+
+        ff = procfile_readall(ff);
+        if(unlikely(!ff)) {
+            ca->updated = 0;
+            cgroups_check = 1;
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if(unlikely(procfile_lines(ff) < 1)) {
+            error("CGROUP: file '%s' should have 1+ lines but has %zu.", ca->filename, procfile_lines(ff));
+            ca->updated = 0;
+            return;
+        }
+
+        unsigned long i = procfile_linewords(ff, 0);
+        if(unlikely(i == 0)) {
+            ca->updated = 0;
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // we may have 1 more CPU reported
+        while(i > 0) {
+            char *s = procfile_lineword(ff, 0, i - 1);
+            if(!*s) i--;
+            else break;
+        }
+
+        if(unlikely(i != ca->cpus)) {
+            freez(ca->cpu_percpu);
+            ca->cpu_percpu = mallocz(sizeof(unsigned long long) * i);
+            ca->cpus = (unsigned int)i;
+        }
+
+        unsigned long long total = 0;
+        for(i = 0; i < ca->cpus ;i++) {
+            unsigned long long n = str2ull(procfile_lineword(ff, 0, i));
+            ca->cpu_percpu[i] = n;
+            total += n;
+        }
+
+        ca->updated = 1;
+
+        if(unlikely(ca->enabled == CONFIG_BOOLEAN_AUTO && total))
+            ca->enabled = CONFIG_BOOLEAN_YES;
+    }
+}
+
+static inline void cgroup_read_blkio(struct blkio *io) {
+    if(unlikely(io->enabled == CONFIG_BOOLEAN_AUTO && io->delay_counter > 0)) {
+        io->delay_counter--;
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if(likely(io->filename)) {
+        static procfile *ff = NULL;
+
+        ff = procfile_reopen(ff, io->filename, NULL, PROCFILE_FLAG_DEFAULT);
+        if(unlikely(!ff)) {
+            io->updated = 0;
+            cgroups_check = 1;
+            return;
+        }
+
+        ff = procfile_readall(ff);
+        if(unlikely(!ff)) {
+            io->updated = 0;
+            cgroups_check = 1;
+            return;
+        }
+
+        unsigned long i, lines = procfile_lines(ff);
+
+        if(unlikely(lines < 1)) {
+            error("CGROUP: file '%s' should have 1+ lines.", io->filename);
+            io->updated = 0;
+            return;
+        }
+
+        io->Read = 0;
+        io->Write = 0;
+/*
+        io->Sync = 0;
+        io->Async = 0;
+        io->Total = 0;
+*/
+
+        for(i = 0; i < lines ; i++) {
+            char *s = procfile_lineword(ff, i, 1);
+            uint32_t hash = simple_hash(s);
+
+            if(unlikely(hash == Read_hash && !strcmp(s, "Read")))
+                io->Read += str2ull(procfile_lineword(ff, i, 2));
+
+            else if(unlikely(hash == Write_hash && !strcmp(s, "Write")))
+                io->Write += str2ull(procfile_lineword(ff, i, 2));
+
+/*
+            else if(unlikely(hash == Sync_hash && !strcmp(s, "Sync")))
+                io->Sync += str2ull(procfile_lineword(ff, i, 2));
+
+            else if(unlikely(hash == Async_hash && !strcmp(s, "Async")))
+                io->Async += str2ull(procfile_lineword(ff, i, 2));
+
+            else if(unlikely(hash == Total_hash && !strcmp(s, "Total")))
+                io->Total += str2ull(procfile_lineword(ff, i, 2));
+*/
+        }
+
+        io->updated = 1;
+
+        if(unlikely(io->enabled == CONFIG_BOOLEAN_AUTO)) {
+            if(unlikely(io->Read || io->Write))
+                io->enabled = CONFIG_BOOLEAN_YES;
+            else
+                io->delay_counter = cgroup_recheck_zero_blkio_every_iterations;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+static inline void cgroup_read_memory(struct memory *mem) {
+    static procfile *ff = NULL;
+
+    // read detailed ram usage
+    if(likely(mem->filename_detailed)) {
+        if(unlikely(mem->enabled_detailed == CONFIG_BOOLEAN_AUTO && mem->delay_counter_detailed > 0)) {
+            mem->delay_counter_detailed--;
+            goto memory_next;
+        }
+
+        ff = procfile_reopen(ff, mem->filename_detailed, NULL, PROCFILE_FLAG_DEFAULT);
+        if(unlikely(!ff)) {
+            mem->updated_detailed = 0;
+            cgroups_check = 1;
+            goto memory_next;
+        }
+
+        ff = procfile_readall(ff);
+        if(unlikely(!ff)) {
+            mem->updated_detailed = 0;
+            cgroups_check = 1;
+            goto memory_next;
+        }
+
+        unsigned long i, lines = procfile_lines(ff);
+
+        if(unlikely(lines < 1)) {
+            error("CGROUP: file '%s' should have 1+ lines.", mem->filename_detailed);
+            mem->updated_detailed = 0;
+            goto memory_next;
+        }
+
+        if(unlikely(!mem->arl_base)) {
+            mem->arl_base = arl_create("cgroup/memory", NULL, 60);
+
+            arl_expect(mem->arl_base, "cache", &mem->cache);
+            arl_expect(mem->arl_base, "rss", &mem->rss);
+            arl_expect(mem->arl_base, "rss_huge", &mem->rss_huge);
+            arl_expect(mem->arl_base, "mapped_file", &mem->mapped_file);
+            arl_expect(mem->arl_base, "writeback", &mem->writeback);
+            mem->arl_dirty = arl_expect(mem->arl_base, "dirty", &mem->dirty);
+            mem->arl_swap  = arl_expect(mem->arl_base, "swap", &mem->swap);
+            arl_expect(mem->arl_base, "pgpgin", &mem->pgpgin);
+            arl_expect(mem->arl_base, "pgpgout", &mem->pgpgout);
+            arl_expect(mem->arl_base, "pgfault", &mem->pgfault);
+            arl_expect(mem->arl_base, "pgmajfault", &mem->pgmajfault);
+        }
+
+        arl_begin(mem->arl_base);
+
+        for(i = 0; i < lines ; i++) {
+            if(arl_check(mem->arl_base,
+                    procfile_lineword(ff, i, 0),
+                    procfile_lineword(ff, i, 1))) break;
+        }
+
+        if(unlikely(mem->arl_dirty->flags & ARL_ENTRY_FLAG_FOUND))
+            mem->detailed_has_dirty = 1;
+
+        if(unlikely(mem->arl_swap->flags & ARL_ENTRY_FLAG_FOUND))
+            mem->detailed_has_swap = 1;
+
+        // fprintf(stderr, "READ: '%s', cache: %llu, rss: %llu, rss_huge: %llu, mapped_file: %llu, writeback: %llu, dirty: %llu, swap: %llu, pgpgin: %llu, pgpgout: %llu, pgfault: %llu, pgmajfault: %llu, inactive_anon: %llu, active_anon: %llu, inactive_file: %llu, active_file: %llu, unevictable: %llu, hierarchical_memory_limit: %llu, total_cache: %llu, total_rss: %llu, total_rss_huge: %llu, total_mapped_file: %llu, total_writeback: %llu, total_dirty: %llu, total_swap: %llu, total_pgpgin: %llu, total_pgpgout: %llu, total_pgfault: %llu, total_pgmajfault: %llu, total_inactive_anon: %llu, total_active_anon: %llu, total_inactive_file: %llu, total_active_file: %llu, total_unevictable: %llu\n", mem->filename, mem->cache, mem->rss, mem->rss_huge, mem->mapped_file, mem->writeback, mem->dirty, mem->swap, mem->pgpgin, mem->pgpgout, mem->pgfault, mem->pgmajfault, mem->inactive_anon, mem->active_anon, mem->inactive_file, mem->active_file, mem->unevictable, mem->hierarchical_memory_limit, mem->total_cache, mem->total_rss, mem->total_rss_huge, mem->total_mapped_file, mem->total_writeback, mem->total_dirty, mem->total_swap, mem->total_pgpgin, mem->total_pgpgout, mem->total_pgfault, mem->total_pgmajfault, mem->total_inactive_anon, mem->total_active_anon, mem->total_inactive_file, mem->total_active_file, mem->total_unevictable);
+
+        mem->updated_detailed = 1;
+
+        if(unlikely(mem->enabled_detailed == CONFIG_BOOLEAN_AUTO)) {
+            if(mem->cache || mem->dirty || mem->rss || mem->rss_huge || mem->mapped_file || mem->writeback || mem->swap || mem->pgpgin || mem->pgpgout || mem->pgfault || mem->pgmajfault)
+                mem->enabled_detailed = CONFIG_BOOLEAN_YES;
+            else
+                mem->delay_counter_detailed = cgroup_recheck_zero_mem_detailed_every_iterations;
+        }
+    }
+
+memory_next:
+
+    // read usage_in_bytes
+    if(likely(mem->filename_usage_in_bytes)) {
+        mem->updated_usage_in_bytes = !read_single_number_file(mem->filename_usage_in_bytes, &mem->usage_in_bytes);
+        if(unlikely(mem->updated_usage_in_bytes && mem->enabled_usage_in_bytes == CONFIG_BOOLEAN_AUTO && mem->usage_in_bytes))
+            mem->enabled_usage_in_bytes = CONFIG_BOOLEAN_YES;
+    }
+
+    // read msw_usage_in_bytes
+    if(likely(mem->filename_msw_usage_in_bytes)) {
+        mem->updated_msw_usage_in_bytes = !read_single_number_file(mem->filename_msw_usage_in_bytes, &mem->msw_usage_in_bytes);
+        if(unlikely(mem->updated_msw_usage_in_bytes && mem->enabled_msw_usage_in_bytes == CONFIG_BOOLEAN_AUTO && mem->msw_usage_in_bytes))
+            mem->enabled_msw_usage_in_bytes = CONFIG_BOOLEAN_YES;
+    }
+
+    // read failcnt
+    if(likely(mem->filename_failcnt)) {
+        if(unlikely(mem->enabled_failcnt == CONFIG_BOOLEAN_AUTO && mem->delay_counter_failcnt > 0)) {
+            mem->updated_failcnt = 0;
+            mem->delay_counter_failcnt--;
+        }
+        else {
+            mem->updated_failcnt = !read_single_number_file(mem->filename_failcnt, &mem->failcnt);
+            if(unlikely(mem->updated_failcnt && mem->enabled_failcnt == CONFIG_BOOLEAN_AUTO)) {
+                if(unlikely(!mem->failcnt))
+                    mem->delay_counter_failcnt = cgroup_recheck_zero_mem_failcnt_every_iterations;
+                else
+                    mem->enabled_failcnt = CONFIG_BOOLEAN_YES;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+static inline void cgroup_read(struct cgroup *cg) {
+    debug(D_CGROUP, "reading metrics for cgroups '%s'", cg->id);
+
+    cgroup_read_cpuacct_stat(&cg->cpuacct_stat);
+    cgroup_read_cpuacct_usage(&cg->cpuacct_usage);
+    cgroup_read_memory(&cg->memory);
+    cgroup_read_blkio(&cg->io_service_bytes);
+    cgroup_read_blkio(&cg->io_serviced);
+    cgroup_read_blkio(&cg->throttle_io_service_bytes);
+    cgroup_read_blkio(&cg->throttle_io_serviced);
+    cgroup_read_blkio(&cg->io_merged);
+    cgroup_read_blkio(&cg->io_queued);
+}
+
+static inline void read_all_cgroups(struct cgroup *root) {
+    debug(D_CGROUP, "reading metrics for all cgroups");
+
+    struct cgroup *cg;
+
+    for(cg = root; cg ; cg = cg->next)
+        if(cg->enabled && cg->available)
+            cgroup_read(cg);
+}
+
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// cgroup network interfaces
+
+#define CGROUP_NETWORK_INTERFACE_MAX_LINE 2048
+static inline void read_cgroup_network_interfaces(struct cgroup *cg) {
+    debug(D_CGROUP, "looking for the network interfaces of cgroup '%s' with chart id '%s' and title '%s'", cg->id, cg->chart_id, cg->chart_title);
+
+    pid_t cgroup_pid;
+    char command[CGROUP_NETWORK_INTERFACE_MAX_LINE + 1];
+
+    snprintfz(command, CGROUP_NETWORK_INTERFACE_MAX_LINE, "exec %s --cgroup '%s%s'", cgroups_network_interface_script, cgroup_cpuacct_base, cg->id);
+
+    debug(D_CGROUP, "executing command '%s' for cgroup '%s'", command, cg->id);
+    FILE *fp = mypopen(command, &cgroup_pid);
+    if(!fp) {
+        error("CGROUP: cannot popen(\"%s\", \"r\").", command);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    char *s;
+    char buffer[CGROUP_NETWORK_INTERFACE_MAX_LINE + 1];
+    while((s = fgets(buffer, CGROUP_NETWORK_INTERFACE_MAX_LINE, fp))) {
+        trim(s);
+
+        if(*s && *s != '\n') {
+            char *t = s;
+            while(*t && *t != ' ') t++;
+            if(*t == ' ') {
+                *t = '\0';
+                t++;
+            }
+
+            if(!*s) {
+                error("CGROUP: empty host interface returned by script");
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            if(!*t) {
+                error("CGROUP: empty guest interface returned by script");
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            struct cgroup_network_interface *i = callocz(1, sizeof(struct cgroup_network_interface));
+            i->host_device = strdupz(s);
+            i->container_device = strdupz(t);
+            i->next = cg->interfaces;
+            cg->interfaces = i;
+
+            info("CGROUP: cgroup '%s' has network interface '%s' as '%s'", cg->id, i->host_device, i->container_device);
+
+            // register a device rename to proc_net_dev.c
+            netdev_rename_device_add(i->host_device, i->container_device, cg->chart_id);
+        }
+    }
+
+    mypclose(fp, cgroup_pid);
+    // debug(D_CGROUP, "closed command for cgroup '%s'", cg->id);
+}
+
+static inline void free_cgroup_network_interfaces(struct cgroup *cg) {
+    while(cg->interfaces) {
+        struct cgroup_network_interface *i = cg->interfaces;
+        cg->interfaces = i->next;
+
+        // delete the registration of proc_net_dev rename
+        netdev_rename_device_del(i->host_device);
+
+        freez((void *)i->host_device);
+        freez((void *)i->container_device);
+        freez((void *)i);
+    }
+}
+
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// add/remove/find cgroup objects
+
+#define CGROUP_CHARTID_LINE_MAX 1024
+
+static inline char *cgroup_title_strdupz(const char *s) {
+    if(!s || !*s) s = "/";
+
+    if(*s == '/' && s[1] != '\0') s++;
+
+    char *r = strdupz(s);
+    netdata_fix_chart_name(r);
+
+    return r;
+}
+
+static inline char *cgroup_chart_id_strdupz(const char *s) {
+    if(!s || !*s) s = "/";
+
+    if(*s == '/' && s[1] != '\0') s++;
+
+    char *r = strdupz(s);
+    netdata_fix_chart_id(r);
+
+    return r;
+}
+
+static inline void cgroup_get_chart_name(struct cgroup *cg) {
+    debug(D_CGROUP, "looking for the name of cgroup '%s' with chart id '%s' and title '%s'", cg->id, cg->chart_id, cg->chart_title);
+
+    pid_t cgroup_pid;
+    char command[CGROUP_CHARTID_LINE_MAX + 1];
+
+    snprintfz(command, CGROUP_CHARTID_LINE_MAX, "exec %s '%s' '%s'", cgroups_rename_script, cg->chart_id, cg->id);
+
+    debug(D_CGROUP, "executing command \"%s\" for cgroup '%s'", command, cg->id);
+    FILE *fp = mypopen(command, &cgroup_pid);
+    if(fp) {
+        // debug(D_CGROUP, "reading from command '%s' for cgroup '%s'", command, cg->id);
+        char buffer[CGROUP_CHARTID_LINE_MAX + 1];
+        char *s = fgets(buffer, CGROUP_CHARTID_LINE_MAX, fp);
+        // debug(D_CGROUP, "closing command for cgroup '%s'", cg->id);
+        mypclose(fp, cgroup_pid);
+        // debug(D_CGROUP, "closed command for cgroup '%s'", cg->id);
+
+        if(s && *s && *s != '\n') {
+            debug(D_CGROUP, "cgroup '%s' should be renamed to '%s'", cg->id, s);
+
+            trim(s);
+
+            freez(cg->chart_title);
+            cg->chart_title = cgroup_title_strdupz(s);
+
+            freez(cg->chart_id);
+            cg->chart_id = cgroup_chart_id_strdupz(s);
+            cg->hash_chart = simple_hash(cg->chart_id);
+        }
+    }
+    else
+        error("CGROUP: cannot popen(\"%s\", \"r\").", command);
+}
+
+static inline struct cgroup *cgroup_add(const char *id) {
+    if(!id || !*id) id = "/";
+    debug(D_CGROUP, "adding to list, cgroup with id '%s'", id);
+
+    if(cgroup_root_count >= cgroup_root_max) {
+        info("CGROUP: maximum number of cgroups reached (%d). Not adding cgroup '%s'", cgroup_root_count, id);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    int def = simple_pattern_matches(enabled_cgroup_patterns, id)?cgroup_enable_new_cgroups_detected_at_runtime:0;
+    struct cgroup *cg = callocz(1, sizeof(struct cgroup));
+
+    cg->id = strdupz(id);
+    cg->hash = simple_hash(cg->id);
+
+    cg->chart_title = cgroup_title_strdupz(id);
+
+    cg->chart_id = cgroup_chart_id_strdupz(id);
+    cg->hash_chart = simple_hash(cg->chart_id);
+
+    if(!cgroup_root)
+        cgroup_root = cg;
+    else {
+        // append it
+        struct cgroup *e;
+        for(e = cgroup_root; e->next ;e = e->next) ;
+        e->next = cg;
+    }
+
+    cgroup_root_count++;
+
+    // fix the chart_id and title by calling the external script
+    if(simple_pattern_matches(enabled_cgroup_renames, cg->id)) {
+
+        cgroup_get_chart_name(cg);
+
+        debug(D_CGROUP, "cgroup '%s' renamed to '%s' (title: '%s')", cg->id, cg->chart_id, cg->chart_title);
+    }
+    else
+        debug(D_CGROUP, "cgroup '%s' will not be renamed - it matches the list of disabled cgroup renames (will be shown as '%s')", cg->id, cg->chart_id);
+
+    int user_configurable = 1;
+
+    // check if this cgroup should be a systemd service
+    if(cgroup_enable_systemd_services) {
+        if(simple_pattern_matches(systemd_services_cgroups, cg->id) ||
+                simple_pattern_matches(systemd_services_cgroups, cg->chart_id)) {
+            debug(D_CGROUP, "cgroup '%s' with chart id '%s' (title: '%s') matches systemd services cgroups", cg->id, cg->chart_id, cg->chart_title);
+
+            char buffer[CGROUP_CHARTID_LINE_MAX + 1];
+            cg->options |= CGROUP_OPTIONS_SYSTEM_SLICE_SERVICE;
+
+            strncpy(buffer, cg->id, CGROUP_CHARTID_LINE_MAX);
+            char *s = buffer;
+
+            //freez(cg->chart_id);
+            //cg->chart_id = cgroup_chart_id_strdupz(s);
+            //cg->hash_chart = simple_hash(cg->chart_id);
+
+            // skip to the last slash
+            size_t len = strlen(s);
+            while(len--) if(unlikely(s[len] == '/')) break;
+            if(len) s = &s[len + 1];
+
+            // remove extension
+            len = strlen(s);
+            while(len--) if(unlikely(s[len] == '.')) break;
+            if(len) s[len] = '\0';
+
+            freez(cg->chart_title);
+            cg->chart_title = cgroup_title_strdupz(s);
+
+            cg->enabled = 1;
+            user_configurable = 0;
+
+            debug(D_CGROUP, "cgroup '%s' renamed to '%s' (title: '%s')", cg->id, cg->chart_id, cg->chart_title);
+        }
+        else
+            debug(D_CGROUP, "cgroup '%s' with chart id '%s' (title: '%s') does not match systemd services groups", cg->id, cg->chart_id, cg->chart_title);
+    }
+
+    if(user_configurable) {
+        // allow the user to enable/disable this individualy
+        char option[FILENAME_MAX + 1];
+        snprintfz(option, FILENAME_MAX, "enable cgroup %s", cg->chart_title);
+        cg->enabled = (char) config_get_boolean("plugin:cgroups", option, def);
+    }
+
+    // detect duplicate cgroups
+    if(cg->enabled) {
+        struct cgroup *t;
+        for (t = cgroup_root; t; t = t->next) {
+            if (t != cg && t->enabled && t->hash_chart == cg->hash_chart && !strcmp(t->chart_id, cg->chart_id)) {
+                if (!strncmp(t->chart_id, "/system.slice/", 14) && !strncmp(cg->chart_id, "/init.scope/system.slice/", 25)) {
+                    error("CGROUP: chart id '%s' already exists with id '%s' and is enabled. Swapping them by enabling cgroup with id '%s' and disabling cgroup with id '%s'.",
+                          cg->chart_id, t->id, cg->id, t->id);
+                    debug(D_CGROUP, "Control group with chart id '%s' already exists with id '%s' and is enabled. Swapping them by enabling cgroup with id '%s' and disabling cgroup with id '%s'.",
+                          cg->chart_id, t->id, cg->id, t->id);
+                    t->enabled = 0;
+                    t->options |= CGROUP_OPTIONS_DISABLED_DUPLICATE;
+                }
+                else {
+                    error("CGROUP: chart id '%s' already exists with id '%s' and is enabled and available. Disabling cgroup with id '%s'.",
+                          cg->chart_id, t->id, cg->id);
+                    debug(D_CGROUP, "Control group with chart id '%s' already exists with id '%s' and is enabled and available. Disabling cgroup with id '%s'.",
+                          cg->chart_id, t->id, cg->id);
+                    cg->enabled = 0;
+                    cg->options |= CGROUP_OPTIONS_DISABLED_DUPLICATE;
+                }
+
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    if(cg->enabled && !(cg->options & CGROUP_OPTIONS_SYSTEM_SLICE_SERVICE))
+        read_cgroup_network_interfaces(cg);
+
+    debug(D_CGROUP, "ADDED CGROUP: '%s' with chart id '%s' and title '%s' as %s (default was %s)", cg->id, cg->chart_id, cg->chart_title, (cg->enabled)?"enabled":"disabled", (def)?"enabled":"disabled");
+
+    return cg;
+}
+
+static inline void cgroup_free(struct cgroup *cg) {
+    debug(D_CGROUP, "Removing cgroup '%s' with chart id '%s' (was %s and %s)", cg->id, cg->chart_id, (cg->enabled)?"enabled":"disabled", (cg->available)?"available":"not available");
+
+    if(cg->st_cpu)                   rrdset_is_obsolete(cg->st_cpu);
+    if(cg->st_cpu_per_core)          rrdset_is_obsolete(cg->st_cpu_per_core);
+    if(cg->st_mem)                   rrdset_is_obsolete(cg->st_mem);
+    if(cg->st_writeback)             rrdset_is_obsolete(cg->st_writeback);
+    if(cg->st_mem_activity)          rrdset_is_obsolete(cg->st_mem_activity);
+    if(cg->st_pgfaults)              rrdset_is_obsolete(cg->st_pgfaults);
+    if(cg->st_mem_usage)             rrdset_is_obsolete(cg->st_mem_usage);
+    if(cg->st_mem_failcnt)           rrdset_is_obsolete(cg->st_mem_failcnt);
+    if(cg->st_io)                    rrdset_is_obsolete(cg->st_io);
+    if(cg->st_serviced_ops)          rrdset_is_obsolete(cg->st_serviced_ops);
+    if(cg->st_throttle_io)           rrdset_is_obsolete(cg->st_throttle_io);
+    if(cg->st_throttle_serviced_ops) rrdset_is_obsolete(cg->st_throttle_serviced_ops);
+    if(cg->st_queued_ops)            rrdset_is_obsolete(cg->st_queued_ops);
+    if(cg->st_merged_ops)            rrdset_is_obsolete(cg->st_merged_ops);
+
+    free_cgroup_network_interfaces(cg);
+
+    freez(cg->cpuacct_usage.cpu_percpu);
+
+    freez(cg->cpuacct_stat.filename);
+    freez(cg->cpuacct_usage.filename);
+
+    arl_free(cg->memory.arl_base);
+    freez(cg->memory.filename_detailed);
+    freez(cg->memory.filename_failcnt);
+    freez(cg->memory.filename_usage_in_bytes);
+    freez(cg->memory.filename_msw_usage_in_bytes);
+
+    freez(cg->io_service_bytes.filename);
+    freez(cg->io_serviced.filename);
+
+    freez(cg->throttle_io_service_bytes.filename);
+    freez(cg->throttle_io_serviced.filename);
+
+    freez(cg->io_merged.filename);
+    freez(cg->io_queued.filename);
+
+    freez(cg->id);
+    freez(cg->chart_id);
+    freez(cg->chart_title);
+
+    freez(cg);
+
+    cgroup_root_count--;
+}
+
+// find if a given cgroup exists
+static inline struct cgroup *cgroup_find(const char *id) {
+    debug(D_CGROUP, "searching for cgroup '%s'", id);
+
+    uint32_t hash = simple_hash(id);
+
+    struct cgroup *cg;
+    for(cg = cgroup_root; cg ; cg = cg->next) {
+        if(hash == cg->hash && strcmp(id, cg->id) == 0)
+            break;
+    }
+
+    debug(D_CGROUP, "cgroup '%s' %s in memory", id, (cg)?"found":"not found");
+    return cg;
+}
+
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// detect running cgroups
+
+// callback for find_file_in_subdirs()
+static inline void found_subdir_in_dir(const char *dir) {
+    debug(D_CGROUP, "examining cgroup dir '%s'", dir);
+
+    struct cgroup *cg = cgroup_find(dir);
+    if(!cg) {
+        if(*dir && cgroup_max_depth > 0) {
+            int depth = 0;
+            const char *s;
+
+            for(s = dir; *s ;s++)
+                if(unlikely(*s == '/'))
+                    depth++;
+
+            if(depth > cgroup_max_depth) {
+                info("CGROUP: '%s' is too deep (%d, while max is %d)", dir, depth, cgroup_max_depth);
+                return;
+            }
+        }
+        // debug(D_CGROUP, "will add dir '%s' as cgroup", dir);
+        cg = cgroup_add(dir);
+    }
+
+    if(cg) cg->available = 1;
+}
+
+static inline int find_dir_in_subdirs(const char *base, const char *this, void (*callback)(const char *)) {
+    if(!this) this = base;
+    debug(D_CGROUP, "searching for directories in '%s' (base '%s')", this?this:"", base);
+
+    size_t dirlen = strlen(this), baselen = strlen(base);
+
+    int ret = -1;
+    int enabled = -1;
+
+    const char *relative_path = &this[baselen];
+    if(!*relative_path) relative_path = "/";
+
+    DIR *dir = opendir(this);
+    if(!dir) {
+        error("CGROUP: cannot read directory '%s'", base);
+        return ret;
+    }
+    ret = 1;
+
+    callback(relative_path);
+
+    struct dirent *de = NULL;
+    while((de = readdir(dir))) {
+        if(de->d_type == DT_DIR
+            && (
+                (de->d_name[0] == '.' && de->d_name[1] == '\0')
+                || (de->d_name[0] == '.' && de->d_name[1] == '.' && de->d_name[2] == '\0')
+                ))
+            continue;
+
+        if(de->d_type == DT_DIR) {
+            if(enabled == -1) {
+                const char *r = relative_path;
+                if(*r == '\0') r = "/";
+
+                // do not decent in directories we are not interested
+                int def = simple_pattern_matches(enabled_cgroup_paths, r);
+
+                // we check for this option here
+                // so that the config will not have settings
+                // for leaf directories
+                char option[FILENAME_MAX + 1];
+                snprintfz(option, FILENAME_MAX, "search for cgroups under %s", r);
+                option[FILENAME_MAX] = '\0';
+                enabled = config_get_boolean("plugin:cgroups", option, def);
+            }
+
+            if(enabled) {
+                char *s = mallocz(dirlen + strlen(de->d_name) + 2);
+                strcpy(s, this);
+                strcat(s, "/");
+                strcat(s, de->d_name);
+                int ret2 = find_dir_in_subdirs(base, s, callback);
+                if(ret2 > 0) ret += ret2;
+                freez(s);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    closedir(dir);
+    return ret;
+}
+
+static inline void mark_all_cgroups_as_not_available() {
+    debug(D_CGROUP, "marking all cgroups as not available");
+
+    struct cgroup *cg;
+
+    // mark all as not available
+    for(cg = cgroup_root; cg ; cg = cg->next) {
+        cg->available = 0;
+    }
+}
+
+static inline void cleanup_all_cgroups() {
+    struct cgroup *cg = cgroup_root, *last = NULL;
+
+    for(; cg ;) {
+        if(!cg->available) {
+            // enable the first duplicate cgroup
+            {
+                struct cgroup *t;
+                for(t = cgroup_root; t ; t = t->next) {
+                    if(t != cg && t->available && !t->enabled && t->options & CGROUP_OPTIONS_DISABLED_DUPLICATE && t->hash_chart == cg->hash_chart && !strcmp(t->chart_id, cg->chart_id)) {
+                        debug(D_CGROUP, "Enabling duplicate of cgroup '%s' with id '%s', because the original with id '%s' stopped.", t->chart_id, t->id, cg->id);
+                        t->enabled = 1;
+                        t->options &= ~CGROUP_OPTIONS_DISABLED_DUPLICATE;
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            if(!last)
+                cgroup_root = cg->next;
+            else
+                last->next = cg->next;
+
+            cgroup_free(cg);
+
+            if(!last)
+                cg = cgroup_root;
+            else
+                cg = last->next;
+        }
+        else {
+            last = cg;
+            cg = cg->next;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+static inline void find_all_cgroups() {
+    debug(D_CGROUP, "searching for cgroups");
+
+    mark_all_cgroups_as_not_available();
+
+    if(cgroup_enable_cpuacct_stat || cgroup_enable_cpuacct_usage) {
+        if(find_dir_in_subdirs(cgroup_cpuacct_base, NULL, found_subdir_in_dir) == -1) {
+            cgroup_enable_cpuacct_stat =
+            cgroup_enable_cpuacct_usage = CONFIG_BOOLEAN_NO;
+            error("CGROUP: disabled cpu statistics.");
+        }
+    }
+
+    if(cgroup_enable_blkio_io || cgroup_enable_blkio_ops || cgroup_enable_blkio_throttle_io || cgroup_enable_blkio_throttle_ops || cgroup_enable_blkio_merged_ops || cgroup_enable_blkio_queued_ops) {
+        if(find_dir_in_subdirs(cgroup_blkio_base, NULL, found_subdir_in_dir) == -1) {
+            cgroup_enable_blkio_io =
+            cgroup_enable_blkio_ops =
+            cgroup_enable_blkio_throttle_io =
+            cgroup_enable_blkio_throttle_ops =
+            cgroup_enable_blkio_merged_ops =
+            cgroup_enable_blkio_queued_ops = CONFIG_BOOLEAN_NO;
+            error("CGROUP: disabled blkio statistics.");
+        }
+    }
+
+    if(cgroup_enable_memory || cgroup_enable_detailed_memory || cgroup_enable_swap || cgroup_enable_memory_failcnt) {
+        if(find_dir_in_subdirs(cgroup_memory_base, NULL, found_subdir_in_dir) == -1) {
+            cgroup_enable_memory =
+            cgroup_enable_detailed_memory =
+            cgroup_enable_swap =
+            cgroup_enable_memory_failcnt = CONFIG_BOOLEAN_NO;
+            error("CGROUP: disabled memory statistics.");
+        }
+    }
+
+    if(cgroup_search_in_devices) {
+        if(find_dir_in_subdirs(cgroup_devices_base, NULL, found_subdir_in_dir) == -1) {
+            cgroup_search_in_devices = 0;
+            error("CGROUP: disabled devices statistics.");
+        }
+    }
+
+    // remove any non-existing cgroups
+    cleanup_all_cgroups();
+
+    struct cgroup *cg;
+    struct stat buf;
+    for(cg = cgroup_root; cg ; cg = cg->next) {
+        // fprintf(stderr, " >>> CGROUP '%s' (%u - %s) with name '%s'\n", cg->id, cg->hash, cg->available?"available":"stopped", cg->name);
+
+        if(unlikely(!cg->available))
+            continue;
+
+        debug(D_CGROUP, "checking paths for cgroup '%s'", cg->id);
+
+        // check for newly added cgroups
+        // and update the filenames they read
+        char filename[FILENAME_MAX + 1];
+        if(unlikely(cgroup_enable_cpuacct_stat && !cg->cpuacct_stat.filename)) {
+            snprintfz(filename, FILENAME_MAX, "%s%s/cpuacct.stat", cgroup_cpuacct_base, cg->id);
+            if(likely(stat(filename, &buf) != -1)) {
+                cg->cpuacct_stat.filename = strdupz(filename);
+                cg->cpuacct_stat.enabled = cgroup_enable_cpuacct_stat;
+                debug(D_CGROUP, "cpuacct.stat filename for cgroup '%s': '%s'", cg->id, cg->cpuacct_stat.filename);
+            }
+            else
+                debug(D_CGROUP, "cpuacct.stat file for cgroup '%s': '%s' does not exist.", cg->id, filename);
+        }
+
+        if(unlikely(cgroup_enable_cpuacct_usage && !cg->cpuacct_usage.filename && !(cg->options & CGROUP_OPTIONS_SYSTEM_SLICE_SERVICE))) {
+            snprintfz(filename, FILENAME_MAX, "%s%s/cpuacct.usage_percpu", cgroup_cpuacct_base, cg->id);
+            if(likely(stat(filename, &buf) != -1)) {
+                cg->cpuacct_usage.filename = strdupz(filename);
+                cg->cpuacct_usage.enabled = cgroup_enable_cpuacct_usage;
+                debug(D_CGROUP, "cpuacct.usage_percpu filename for cgroup '%s': '%s'", cg->id, cg->cpuacct_usage.filename);
+            }
+            else
+                debug(D_CGROUP, "cpuacct.usage_percpu file for cgroup '%s': '%s' does not exist.", cg->id, filename);
+        }
+
+        if(unlikely((cgroup_enable_detailed_memory || cgroup_used_memory_without_cache) && !cg->memory.filename_detailed && (cgroup_used_memory_without_cache || cgroup_enable_systemd_services_detailed_memory || !(cg->options & CGROUP_OPTIONS_SYSTEM_SLICE_SERVICE)))) {
+            snprintfz(filename, FILENAME_MAX, "%s%s/memory.stat", cgroup_memory_base, cg->id);
+            if(likely(stat(filename, &buf) != -1)) {
+                cg->memory.filename_detailed = strdupz(filename);
+                cg->memory.enabled_detailed = (cgroup_enable_detailed_memory == CONFIG_BOOLEAN_YES)?CONFIG_BOOLEAN_YES:CONFIG_BOOLEAN_AUTO;
+                debug(D_CGROUP, "memory.stat filename for cgroup '%s': '%s'", cg->id, cg->memory.filename_detailed);
+            }
+            else
+                debug(D_CGROUP, "memory.stat file for cgroup '%s': '%s' does not exist.", cg->id, filename);
+        }
+
+        if(unlikely(cgroup_enable_memory && !cg->memory.filename_usage_in_bytes)) {
+            snprintfz(filename, FILENAME_MAX, "%s%s/memory.usage_in_bytes", cgroup_memory_base, cg->id);
+            if(likely(stat(filename, &buf) != -1)) {
+                cg->memory.filename_usage_in_bytes = strdupz(filename);
+                cg->memory.enabled_usage_in_bytes = cgroup_enable_memory;
+                debug(D_CGROUP, "memory.usage_in_bytes filename for cgroup '%s': '%s'", cg->id, cg->memory.filename_usage_in_bytes);
+            }
+            else
+                debug(D_CGROUP, "memory.usage_in_bytes file for cgroup '%s': '%s' does not exist.", cg->id, filename);
+        }
+
+        if(unlikely(cgroup_enable_swap && !cg->memory.filename_msw_usage_in_bytes)) {
+            snprintfz(filename, FILENAME_MAX, "%s%s/memory.msw_usage_in_bytes", cgroup_memory_base, cg->id);
+            if(likely(stat(filename, &buf) != -1)) {
+                cg->memory.filename_msw_usage_in_bytes = strdupz(filename);
+                cg->memory.enabled_msw_usage_in_bytes = cgroup_enable_swap;
+                debug(D_CGROUP, "memory.msw_usage_in_bytes filename for cgroup '%s': '%s'", cg->id, cg->memory.filename_msw_usage_in_bytes);
+            }
+            else
+                debug(D_CGROUP, "memory.msw_usage_in_bytes file for cgroup '%s': '%s' does not exist.", cg->id, filename);
+        }
+
+        if(unlikely(cgroup_enable_memory_failcnt && !cg->memory.filename_failcnt)) {
+            snprintfz(filename, FILENAME_MAX, "%s%s/memory.failcnt", cgroup_memory_base, cg->id);
+            if(likely(stat(filename, &buf) != -1)) {
+                cg->memory.filename_failcnt = strdupz(filename);
+                cg->memory.enabled_failcnt = cgroup_enable_memory_failcnt;
+                debug(D_CGROUP, "memory.failcnt filename for cgroup '%s': '%s'", cg->id, cg->memory.filename_failcnt);
+            }
+            else
+                debug(D_CGROUP, "memory.failcnt file for cgroup '%s': '%s' does not exist.", cg->id, filename);
+        }
+
+        if(unlikely(cgroup_enable_blkio_io && !cg->io_service_bytes.filename)) {
+            snprintfz(filename, FILENAME_MAX, "%s%s/blkio.io_service_bytes", cgroup_blkio_base, cg->id);
+            if(likely(stat(filename, &buf) != -1)) {
+                cg->io_service_bytes.filename = strdupz(filename);
+                cg->io_service_bytes.enabled = cgroup_enable_blkio_io;
+                debug(D_CGROUP, "io_service_bytes filename for cgroup '%s': '%s'", cg->id, cg->io_service_bytes.filename);
+            }
+            else
+                debug(D_CGROUP, "io_service_bytes file for cgroup '%s': '%s' does not exist.", cg->id, filename);
+        }
+
+        if(unlikely(cgroup_enable_blkio_ops && !cg->io_serviced.filename)) {
+            snprintfz(filename, FILENAME_MAX, "%s%s/blkio.io_serviced", cgroup_blkio_base, cg->id);
+            if(likely(stat(filename, &buf) != -1)) {
+                cg->io_serviced.filename = strdupz(filename);
+                cg->io_serviced.enabled = cgroup_enable_blkio_ops;
+                debug(D_CGROUP, "io_serviced filename for cgroup '%s': '%s'", cg->id, cg->io_serviced.filename);
+            }
+            else
+                debug(D_CGROUP, "io_serviced file for cgroup '%s': '%s' does not exist.", cg->id, filename);
+        }
+
+        if(unlikely(cgroup_enable_blkio_throttle_io && !cg->throttle_io_service_bytes.filename)) {
+            snprintfz(filename, FILENAME_MAX, "%s%s/blkio.throttle.io_service_bytes", cgroup_blkio_base, cg->id);
+            if(likely(stat(filename, &buf) != -1)) {
+                cg->throttle_io_service_bytes.filename = strdupz(filename);
+                cg->throttle_io_service_bytes.enabled = cgroup_enable_blkio_throttle_io;
+                debug(D_CGROUP, "throttle_io_service_bytes filename for cgroup '%s': '%s'", cg->id, cg->throttle_io_service_bytes.filename);
+            }
+            else
+                debug(D_CGROUP, "throttle_io_service_bytes file for cgroup '%s': '%s' does not exist.", cg->id, filename);
+        }
+
+        if(unlikely(cgroup_enable_blkio_throttle_ops && !cg->throttle_io_serviced.filename)) {
+            snprintfz(filename, FILENAME_MAX, "%s%s/blkio.throttle.io_serviced", cgroup_blkio_base, cg->id);
+            if(likely(stat(filename, &buf) != -1)) {
+                cg->throttle_io_serviced.filename = strdupz(filename);
+                cg->throttle_io_serviced.enabled = cgroup_enable_blkio_throttle_ops;
+                debug(D_CGROUP, "throttle_io_serviced filename for cgroup '%s': '%s'", cg->id, cg->throttle_io_serviced.filename);
+            }
+            else
+                debug(D_CGROUP, "throttle_io_serviced file for cgroup '%s': '%s' does not exist.", cg->id, filename);
+        }
+
+        if(unlikely(cgroup_enable_blkio_merged_ops && !cg->io_merged.filename)) {
+            snprintfz(filename, FILENAME_MAX, "%s%s/blkio.io_merged", cgroup_blkio_base, cg->id);
+            if(likely(stat(filename, &buf) != -1)) {
+                cg->io_merged.filename = strdupz(filename);
+                cg->io_merged.enabled = cgroup_enable_blkio_merged_ops;
+                debug(D_CGROUP, "io_merged filename for cgroup '%s': '%s'", cg->id, cg->io_merged.filename);
+            }
+            else
+                debug(D_CGROUP, "io_merged file for cgroup '%s': '%s' does not exist.", cg->id, filename);
+        }
+
+        if(unlikely(cgroup_enable_blkio_queued_ops && !cg->io_queued.filename)) {
+            snprintfz(filename, FILENAME_MAX, "%s%s/blkio.io_queued", cgroup_blkio_base, cg->id);
+            if(likely(stat(filename, &buf) != -1)) {
+                cg->io_queued.filename = strdupz(filename);
+                cg->io_queued.enabled = cgroup_enable_blkio_queued_ops;
+                debug(D_CGROUP, "io_queued filename for cgroup '%s': '%s'", cg->id, cg->io_queued.filename);
+            }
+            else
+                debug(D_CGROUP, "io_queued file for cgroup '%s': '%s' does not exist.", cg->id, filename);
+        }
+    }
+
+    debug(D_CGROUP, "done searching for cgroups");
+}
+
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// generate charts
+
+#define CHART_TITLE_MAX 300
+
+void update_systemd_services_charts(
+          int update_every
+        , int do_cpu
+        , int do_mem_usage
+        , int do_mem_detailed
+        , int do_mem_failcnt
+        , int do_swap_usage
+        , int do_io
+        , int do_io_ops
+        , int do_throttle_io
+        , int do_throttle_ops
+        , int do_queued_ops
+        , int do_merged_ops
+) {
+    static RRDSET
+        *st_cpu = NULL,
+        *st_mem_usage = NULL,
+        *st_mem_failcnt = NULL,
+        *st_swap_usage = NULL,
+
+        *st_mem_detailed_cache = NULL,
+        *st_mem_detailed_rss = NULL,
+        *st_mem_detailed_mapped = NULL,
+        *st_mem_detailed_writeback = NULL,
+        *st_mem_detailed_pgfault = NULL,
+        *st_mem_detailed_pgmajfault = NULL,
+        *st_mem_detailed_pgpgin = NULL,
+        *st_mem_detailed_pgpgout = NULL,
+
+        *st_io_read = NULL,
+        *st_io_serviced_read = NULL,
+        *st_throttle_io_read = NULL,
+        *st_throttle_ops_read = NULL,
+        *st_queued_ops_read = NULL,
+        *st_merged_ops_read = NULL,
+
+        *st_io_write = NULL,
+        *st_io_serviced_write = NULL,
+        *st_throttle_io_write = NULL,
+        *st_throttle_ops_write = NULL,
+        *st_queued_ops_write = NULL,
+        *st_merged_ops_write = NULL;
+
+    // create the charts
+
+    if(likely(do_cpu)) {
+        if(unlikely(!st_cpu)) {
+            char title[CHART_TITLE_MAX + 1];
+            snprintfz(title, CHART_TITLE_MAX, "Systemd Services CPU utilization (%d%% = %d core%s)", (processors * 100), processors, (processors > 1) ? "s" : "");
+
+            st_cpu = rrdset_create_localhost(
+                    "services"
+                    , "cpu"
+                    , NULL
+                    , "cpu"
+                    , "services.cpu"
+                    , title
+                    , "%"
+                    , PLUGIN_CGROUPS_NAME
+                    , PLUGIN_CGROUPS_MODULE_SYSTEMD_NAME
+                    , NETDATA_CHART_PRIO_CGROUPS_SYSTEMD
+                    , update_every
+                    , RRDSET_TYPE_STACKED
+            );
+
+        }
+        else
+            rrdset_next(st_cpu);
+    }
+
+    if(likely(do_mem_usage)) {
+        if(unlikely(!st_mem_usage)) {
+
+            st_mem_usage = rrdset_create_localhost(
+                    "services"
+                    , "mem_usage"
+                    , NULL
+                    , "mem"
+                    , "services.mem_usage"
+                    , (cgroup_used_memory_without_cache) ? "Systemd Services Used Memory without Cache"
+                                                         : "Systemd Services Used Memory"
+                    , "MiB"
+                    , PLUGIN_CGROUPS_NAME
+                    , PLUGIN_CGROUPS_MODULE_SYSTEMD_NAME
+                    , NETDATA_CHART_PRIO_CGROUPS_SYSTEMD + 10
+                    , update_every
+                    , RRDSET_TYPE_STACKED
+            );
+
+        }
+        else
+            rrdset_next(st_mem_usage);
+    }
+
+    if(likely(do_mem_detailed)) {
+        if(unlikely(!st_mem_detailed_rss)) {
+
+            st_mem_detailed_rss = rrdset_create_localhost(
+                    "services"
+                    , "mem_rss"
+                    , NULL
+                    , "mem"
+                    , "services.mem_rss"
+                    , "Systemd Services RSS Memory"
+                    , "MiB"
+                    , PLUGIN_CGROUPS_NAME
+                    , PLUGIN_CGROUPS_MODULE_SYSTEMD_NAME
+                    , NETDATA_CHART_PRIO_CGROUPS_SYSTEMD + 20
+                    , update_every
+                    , RRDSET_TYPE_STACKED
+            );
+
+        }
+        else
+            rrdset_next(st_mem_detailed_rss);
+
+        if(unlikely(!st_mem_detailed_mapped)) {
+
+            st_mem_detailed_mapped = rrdset_create_localhost(
+                    "services"
+                    , "mem_mapped"
+                    , NULL
+                    , "mem"
+                    , "services.mem_mapped"
+                    , "Systemd Services Mapped Memory"
+                    , "MiB"
+                    , PLUGIN_CGROUPS_NAME
+                    , PLUGIN_CGROUPS_MODULE_SYSTEMD_NAME
+                    , NETDATA_CHART_PRIO_CGROUPS_SYSTEMD + 30
+                    , update_every
+                    , RRDSET_TYPE_STACKED
+            );
+
+        }
+        else
+            rrdset_next(st_mem_detailed_mapped);
+
+        if(unlikely(!st_mem_detailed_cache)) {
+
+            st_mem_detailed_cache = rrdset_create_localhost(
+                    "services"
+                    , "mem_cache"
+                    , NULL
+                    , "mem"
+                    , "services.mem_cache"
+                    , "Systemd Services Cache Memory"
+                    , "MiB"
+                    , PLUGIN_CGROUPS_NAME
+                    , PLUGIN_CGROUPS_MODULE_SYSTEMD_NAME
+                    , NETDATA_CHART_PRIO_CGROUPS_SYSTEMD + 40
+                    , update_every
+                    , RRDSET_TYPE_STACKED
+            );
+
+        }
+        else
+            rrdset_next(st_mem_detailed_cache);
+
+        if(unlikely(!st_mem_detailed_writeback)) {
+
+            st_mem_detailed_writeback = rrdset_create_localhost(
+                    "services"
+                    , "mem_writeback"
+                    , NULL
+                    , "mem"
+                    , "services.mem_writeback"
+                    , "Systemd Services Writeback Memory"
+                    , "MiB"
+                    , PLUGIN_CGROUPS_NAME
+                    , PLUGIN_CGROUPS_MODULE_SYSTEMD_NAME
+                    , NETDATA_CHART_PRIO_CGROUPS_SYSTEMD + 50
+                    , update_every
+                    , RRDSET_TYPE_STACKED
+            );
+
+        }
+        else
+            rrdset_next(st_mem_detailed_writeback);
+
+        if(unlikely(!st_mem_detailed_pgfault)) {
+
+            st_mem_detailed_pgfault = rrdset_create_localhost(
+                    "services"
+                    , "mem_pgfault"
+                    , NULL
+                    , "mem"
+                    , "services.mem_pgfault"
+                    , "Systemd Services Memory Minor Page Faults"
+                    , "MiB/s"
+                    , PLUGIN_CGROUPS_NAME
+                    , PLUGIN_CGROUPS_MODULE_SYSTEMD_NAME
+                    , NETDATA_CHART_PRIO_CGROUPS_SYSTEMD + 60
+                    , update_every
+                    , RRDSET_TYPE_STACKED
+            );
+        }
+        else
+            rrdset_next(st_mem_detailed_pgfault);
+
+        if(unlikely(!st_mem_detailed_pgmajfault)) {
+
+            st_mem_detailed_pgmajfault = rrdset_create_localhost(
+                    "services"
+                    , "mem_pgmajfault"
+                    , NULL
+                    , "mem"
+                    , "services.mem_pgmajfault"
+                    , "Systemd Services Memory Major Page Faults"
+                    , "MiB/s"
+                    , PLUGIN_CGROUPS_NAME
+                    , PLUGIN_CGROUPS_MODULE_SYSTEMD_NAME
+                    , NETDATA_CHART_PRIO_CGROUPS_SYSTEMD + 70
+                    , update_every
+                    , RRDSET_TYPE_STACKED
+            );
+
+        }
+        else
+            rrdset_next(st_mem_detailed_pgmajfault);
+
+        if(unlikely(!st_mem_detailed_pgpgin)) {
+
+            st_mem_detailed_pgpgin = rrdset_create_localhost(
+                    "services"
+                    , "mem_pgpgin"
+                    , NULL
+                    , "mem"
+                    , "services.mem_pgpgin"
+                    , "Systemd Services Memory Charging Activity"
+                    , "MiB/s"
+                    , PLUGIN_CGROUPS_NAME
+                    , PLUGIN_CGROUPS_MODULE_SYSTEMD_NAME
+                    , NETDATA_CHART_PRIO_CGROUPS_SYSTEMD + 80
+                    , update_every
+                    , RRDSET_TYPE_STACKED
+            );
+
+        }
+        else
+            rrdset_next(st_mem_detailed_pgpgin);
+
+        if(unlikely(!st_mem_detailed_pgpgout)) {
+
+            st_mem_detailed_pgpgout = rrdset_create_localhost(
+                    "services"
+                    , "mem_pgpgout"
+                    , NULL
+                    , "mem"
+                    , "services.mem_pgpgout"
+                    , "Systemd Services Memory Uncharging Activity"
+                    , "MiB/s"
+                    , PLUGIN_CGROUPS_NAME
+                    , PLUGIN_CGROUPS_MODULE_SYSTEMD_NAME
+                    , NETDATA_CHART_PRIO_CGROUPS_SYSTEMD + 90
+                    , update_every
+                    , RRDSET_TYPE_STACKED
+            );
+
+        }
+        else
+            rrdset_next(st_mem_detailed_pgpgout);
+    }
+
+    if(likely(do_mem_failcnt)) {
+        if(unlikely(!st_mem_failcnt)) {
+
+            st_mem_failcnt = rrdset_create_localhost(
+                    "services"
+                    , "mem_failcnt"
+                    , NULL
+                    , "mem"
+                    , "services.mem_failcnt"
+                    , "Systemd Services Memory Limit Failures"
+                    , "failures"
+                    , PLUGIN_CGROUPS_NAME
+                    , PLUGIN_CGROUPS_MODULE_SYSTEMD_NAME
+                    , NETDATA_CHART_PRIO_CGROUPS_SYSTEMD + 110
+                    , update_every
+                    , RRDSET_TYPE_STACKED
+            );
+
+        }
+        else
+            rrdset_next(st_mem_failcnt);
+    }
+
+    if(likely(do_swap_usage)) {
+        if(unlikely(!st_swap_usage)) {
+
+            st_swap_usage = rrdset_create_localhost(
+                    "services"
+                    , "swap_usage"
+                    , NULL
+                    , "swap"
+                    , "services.swap_usage"
+                    , "Systemd Services Swap Memory Used"
+                    , "MiB"
+                    , PLUGIN_CGROUPS_NAME
+                    , PLUGIN_CGROUPS_MODULE_SYSTEMD_NAME
+                    , NETDATA_CHART_PRIO_CGROUPS_SYSTEMD + 100
+                    , update_every
+                    , RRDSET_TYPE_STACKED
+            );
+
+        }
+        else
+            rrdset_next(st_swap_usage);
+    }
+
+    if(likely(do_io)) {
+        if(unlikely(!st_io_read)) {
+
+            st_io_read = rrdset_create_localhost(
+                    "services"
+                    , "io_read"
+                    , NULL
+                    , "disk"
+                    , "services.io_read"
+                    , "Systemd Services Disk Read Bandwidth"
+                    , "KiB/s"
+                    , PLUGIN_CGROUPS_NAME
+                    , PLUGIN_CGROUPS_MODULE_SYSTEMD_NAME
+                    , NETDATA_CHART_PRIO_CGROUPS_SYSTEMD + 120
+                    , update_every
+                    , RRDSET_TYPE_STACKED
+            );
+
+        }
+        else
+            rrdset_next(st_io_read);
+
+        if(unlikely(!st_io_write)) {
+
+            st_io_write = rrdset_create_localhost(
+                    "services"
+                    , "io_write"
+                    , NULL
+                    , "disk"
+                    , "services.io_write"
+                    , "Systemd Services Disk Write Bandwidth"
+                    , "KiB/s"
+                    , PLUGIN_CGROUPS_NAME
+                    , PLUGIN_CGROUPS_MODULE_SYSTEMD_NAME
+                    , NETDATA_CHART_PRIO_CGROUPS_SYSTEMD + 130
+                    , update_every
+                    , RRDSET_TYPE_STACKED
+            );
+
+        }
+        else
+            rrdset_next(st_io_write);
+    }
+
+    if(likely(do_io_ops)) {
+        if(unlikely(!st_io_serviced_read)) {
+
+            st_io_serviced_read = rrdset_create_localhost(
+                    "services"
+                    , "io_ops_read"
+                    , NULL
+                    , "disk"
+                    , "services.io_ops_read"
+                    , "Systemd Services Disk Read Operations"
+                    , "operations/s"
+                    , PLUGIN_CGROUPS_NAME
+                    , PLUGIN_CGROUPS_MODULE_SYSTEMD_NAME
+                    , NETDATA_CHART_PRIO_CGROUPS_SYSTEMD + 140
+                    , update_every
+                    , RRDSET_TYPE_STACKED
+            );
+
+        }
+        else
+            rrdset_next(st_io_serviced_read);
+
+        if(unlikely(!st_io_serviced_write)) {
+
+            st_io_serviced_write = rrdset_create_localhost(
+                    "services"
+                    , "io_ops_write"
+                    , NULL
+                    , "disk"
+                    , "services.io_ops_write"
+                    , "Systemd Services Disk Write Operations"
+                    , "operations/s"
+                    , PLUGIN_CGROUPS_NAME
+                    , PLUGIN_CGROUPS_MODULE_SYSTEMD_NAME
+                    , NETDATA_CHART_PRIO_CGROUPS_SYSTEMD + 150
+                    , update_every
+                    , RRDSET_TYPE_STACKED
+            );
+
+        }
+        else
+            rrdset_next(st_io_serviced_write);
+    }
+
+    if(likely(do_throttle_io)) {
+        if(unlikely(!st_throttle_io_read)) {
+
+            st_throttle_io_read = rrdset_create_localhost(
+                    "services"
+                    , "throttle_io_read"
+                    , NULL
+                    , "disk"
+                    , "services.throttle_io_read"
+                    , "Systemd Services Throttle Disk Read Bandwidth"
+                    , "KiB/s"
+                    , PLUGIN_CGROUPS_NAME
+                    , PLUGIN_CGROUPS_MODULE_SYSTEMD_NAME
+                    , NETDATA_CHART_PRIO_CGROUPS_SYSTEMD + 160
+                    , update_every
+                    , RRDSET_TYPE_STACKED
+            );
+
+        }
+        else
+            rrdset_next(st_throttle_io_read);
+
+        if(unlikely(!st_throttle_io_write)) {
+
+            st_throttle_io_write = rrdset_create_localhost(
+                    "services"
+                    , "throttle_io_write"
+                    , NULL
+                    , "disk"
+                    , "services.throttle_io_write"
+                    , "Systemd Services Throttle Disk Write Bandwidth"
+                    , "KiB/s"
+                    , PLUGIN_CGROUPS_NAME
+                    , PLUGIN_CGROUPS_MODULE_SYSTEMD_NAME
+                    , NETDATA_CHART_PRIO_CGROUPS_SYSTEMD + 170
+                    , update_every
+                    , RRDSET_TYPE_STACKED
+            );
+
+        }
+        else
+            rrdset_next(st_throttle_io_write);
+    }
+
+    if(likely(do_throttle_ops)) {
+        if(unlikely(!st_throttle_ops_read)) {
+
+            st_throttle_ops_read = rrdset_create_localhost(
+                    "services"
+                    , "throttle_io_ops_read"
+                    , NULL
+                    , "disk"
+                    , "services.throttle_io_ops_read"
+                    , "Systemd Services Throttle Disk Read Operations"
+                    , "operations/s"
+                    , PLUGIN_CGROUPS_NAME
+                    , PLUGIN_CGROUPS_MODULE_SYSTEMD_NAME
+                    , NETDATA_CHART_PRIO_CGROUPS_SYSTEMD + 180
+                    , update_every
+                    , RRDSET_TYPE_STACKED
+            );
+
+        }
+        else
+            rrdset_next(st_throttle_ops_read);
+
+        if(unlikely(!st_throttle_ops_write)) {
+
+            st_throttle_ops_write = rrdset_create_localhost(
+                    "services"
+                    , "throttle_io_ops_write"
+                    , NULL
+                    , "disk"
+                    , "services.throttle_io_ops_write"
+                    , "Systemd Services Throttle Disk Write Operations"
+                    , "operations/s"
+                    , PLUGIN_CGROUPS_NAME
+                    , PLUGIN_CGROUPS_MODULE_SYSTEMD_NAME
+                    , NETDATA_CHART_PRIO_CGROUPS_SYSTEMD + 190
+                    , update_every
+                    , RRDSET_TYPE_STACKED
+            );
+
+        }
+        else
+            rrdset_next(st_throttle_ops_write);
+    }
+
+    if(likely(do_queued_ops)) {
+        if(unlikely(!st_queued_ops_read)) {
+
+            st_queued_ops_read = rrdset_create_localhost(
+                    "services"
+                    , "queued_io_ops_read"
+                    , NULL
+                    , "disk"
+                    , "services.queued_io_ops_read"
+                    , "Systemd Services Queued Disk Read Operations"
+                    , "operations/s"
+                    , PLUGIN_CGROUPS_NAME
+                    , PLUGIN_CGROUPS_MODULE_SYSTEMD_NAME
+                    , NETDATA_CHART_PRIO_CGROUPS_SYSTEMD + 200
+                    , update_every
+                    , RRDSET_TYPE_STACKED
+            );
+
+        }
+        else
+            rrdset_next(st_queued_ops_read);
+
+        if(unlikely(!st_queued_ops_write)) {
+
+            st_queued_ops_write = rrdset_create_localhost(
+                    "services"
+                    , "queued_io_ops_write"
+                    , NULL
+                    , "disk"
+                    , "services.queued_io_ops_write"
+                    , "Systemd Services Queued Disk Write Operations"
+                    , "operations/s"
+                    , PLUGIN_CGROUPS_NAME
+                    , PLUGIN_CGROUPS_MODULE_SYSTEMD_NAME
+                    , NETDATA_CHART_PRIO_CGROUPS_SYSTEMD + 210
+                    , update_every
+                    , RRDSET_TYPE_STACKED
+            );
+
+        }
+        else
+            rrdset_next(st_queued_ops_write);
+    }
+
+    if(likely(do_merged_ops)) {
+        if(unlikely(!st_merged_ops_read)) {
+
+            st_merged_ops_read = rrdset_create_localhost(
+                    "services"
+                    , "merged_io_ops_read"
+                    , NULL
+                    , "disk"
+                    , "services.merged_io_ops_read"
+                    , "Systemd Services Merged Disk Read Operations"
+                    , "operations/s"
+                    , PLUGIN_CGROUPS_NAME
+                    , PLUGIN_CGROUPS_MODULE_SYSTEMD_NAME
+                    , NETDATA_CHART_PRIO_CGROUPS_SYSTEMD + 220
+                    , update_every
+                    , RRDSET_TYPE_STACKED
+            );
+
+        }
+        else
+            rrdset_next(st_merged_ops_read);
+
+        if(unlikely(!st_merged_ops_write)) {
+
+            st_merged_ops_write = rrdset_create_localhost(
+                    "services"
+                    , "merged_io_ops_write"
+                    , NULL
+                    , "disk"
+                    , "services.merged_io_ops_write"
+                    , "Systemd Services Merged Disk Write Operations"
+                    , "operations/s"
+                    , PLUGIN_CGROUPS_NAME
+                    , PLUGIN_CGROUPS_MODULE_SYSTEMD_NAME
+                    , NETDATA_CHART_PRIO_CGROUPS_SYSTEMD + 230
+                    , update_every
+                    , RRDSET_TYPE_STACKED
+            );
+
+        }
+        else
+            rrdset_next(st_merged_ops_write);
+    }
+
+    // update the values
+    struct cgroup *cg;
+    for(cg = cgroup_root; cg ; cg = cg->next) {
+        if(unlikely(!cg->available || !cg->enabled || !(cg->options & CGROUP_OPTIONS_SYSTEM_SLICE_SERVICE)))
+            continue;
+
+        if(likely(do_cpu && cg->cpuacct_stat.updated)) {
+            if(unlikely(!cg->rd_cpu))
+                cg->rd_cpu = rrddim_add(st_cpu, cg->chart_id, cg->chart_title, 100, system_hz, RRD_ALGORITHM_INCREMENTAL);
+
+            rrddim_set_by_pointer(st_cpu, cg->rd_cpu, cg->cpuacct_stat.user + cg->cpuacct_stat.system);
+        }
+
+        if(likely(do_mem_usage && cg->memory.updated_usage_in_bytes)) {
+            if(unlikely(!cg->rd_mem_usage))
+                cg->rd_mem_usage = rrddim_add(st_mem_usage, cg->chart_id, cg->chart_title, 1, 1024 * 1024, RRD_ALGORITHM_ABSOLUTE);
+
+            rrddim_set_by_pointer(st_mem_usage, cg->rd_mem_usage, cg->memory.usage_in_bytes - ((cgroup_used_memory_without_cache)?cg->memory.cache:0));
+        }
+
+        if(likely(do_mem_detailed && cg->memory.updated_detailed)) {
+            if(unlikely(!cg->rd_mem_detailed_rss))
+                cg->rd_mem_detailed_rss = rrddim_add(st_mem_detailed_rss, cg->chart_id, cg->chart_title, 1, 1024 * 1024, RRD_ALGORITHM_ABSOLUTE);
+
+            rrddim_set_by_pointer(st_mem_detailed_rss, cg->rd_mem_detailed_rss, cg->memory.rss + cg->memory.rss_huge);
+
+            if(unlikely(!cg->rd_mem_detailed_mapped))
+                cg->rd_mem_detailed_mapped = rrddim_add(st_mem_detailed_mapped, cg->chart_id, cg->chart_title, 1, 1024 * 1024, RRD_ALGORITHM_ABSOLUTE);
+
+            rrddim_set_by_pointer(st_mem_detailed_mapped, cg->rd_mem_detailed_mapped, cg->memory.mapped_file);
+
+            if(unlikely(!cg->rd_mem_detailed_cache))
+                cg->rd_mem_detailed_cache = rrddim_add(st_mem_detailed_cache, cg->chart_id, cg->chart_title, 1, 1024 * 1024, RRD_ALGORITHM_ABSOLUTE);
+
+            rrddim_set_by_pointer(st_mem_detailed_cache, cg->rd_mem_detailed_cache, cg->memory.cache);
+
+            if(unlikely(!cg->rd_mem_detailed_writeback))
+                cg->rd_mem_detailed_writeback = rrddim_add(st_mem_detailed_writeback, cg->chart_id, cg->chart_title, 1, 1024 * 1024, RRD_ALGORITHM_ABSOLUTE);
+
+            rrddim_set_by_pointer(st_mem_detailed_writeback, cg->rd_mem_detailed_writeback, cg->memory.writeback);
+
+            if(unlikely(!cg->rd_mem_detailed_pgfault))
+                cg->rd_mem_detailed_pgfault = rrddim_add(st_mem_detailed_pgfault, cg->chart_id, cg->chart_title, system_page_size, 1024 * 1024, RRD_ALGORITHM_INCREMENTAL);
+
+            rrddim_set_by_pointer(st_mem_detailed_pgfault, cg->rd_mem_detailed_pgfault, cg->memory.pgfault);
+
+            if(unlikely(!cg->rd_mem_detailed_pgmajfault))
+                cg->rd_mem_detailed_pgmajfault = rrddim_add(st_mem_detailed_pgmajfault, cg->chart_id, cg->chart_title, system_page_size, 1024 * 1024, RRD_ALGORITHM_INCREMENTAL);
+
+            rrddim_set_by_pointer(st_mem_detailed_pgmajfault, cg->rd_mem_detailed_pgmajfault, cg->memory.pgmajfault);
+
+            if(unlikely(!cg->rd_mem_detailed_pgpgin))
+                cg->rd_mem_detailed_pgpgin = rrddim_add(st_mem_detailed_pgpgin, cg->chart_id, cg->chart_title, system_page_size, 1024 * 1024, RRD_ALGORITHM_INCREMENTAL);
+
+            rrddim_set_by_pointer(st_mem_detailed_pgpgin, cg->rd_mem_detailed_pgpgin, cg->memory.pgpgin);
+
+            if(unlikely(!cg->rd_mem_detailed_pgpgout))
+                cg->rd_mem_detailed_pgpgout = rrddim_add(st_mem_detailed_pgpgout, cg->chart_id, cg->chart_title, system_page_size, 1024 * 1024, RRD_ALGORITHM_INCREMENTAL);
+
+            rrddim_set_by_pointer(st_mem_detailed_pgpgout, cg->rd_mem_detailed_pgpgout, cg->memory.pgpgout);
+        }
+
+        if(likely(do_mem_failcnt && cg->memory.updated_failcnt)) {
+            if(unlikely(!cg->rd_mem_failcnt))
+                cg->rd_mem_failcnt = rrddim_add(st_mem_failcnt, cg->chart_id, cg->chart_title, 1, 1, RRD_ALGORITHM_INCREMENTAL);
+
+            rrddim_set_by_pointer(st_mem_failcnt, cg->rd_mem_failcnt, cg->memory.failcnt);
+        }
+
+        if(likely(do_swap_usage && cg->memory.updated_msw_usage_in_bytes)) {
+            if(unlikely(!cg->rd_swap_usage))
+                cg->rd_swap_usage = rrddim_add(st_swap_usage, cg->chart_id, cg->chart_title, 1, 1024 * 1024, RRD_ALGORITHM_ABSOLUTE);
+
+            rrddim_set_by_pointer(st_swap_usage, cg->rd_swap_usage, cg->memory.msw_usage_in_bytes);
+        }
+
+        if(likely(do_io && cg->io_service_bytes.updated)) {
+            if(unlikely(!cg->rd_io_service_bytes_read))
+                cg->rd_io_service_bytes_read = rrddim_add(st_io_read, cg->chart_id, cg->chart_title, 1, 1024, RRD_ALGORITHM_INCREMENTAL);
+
+            rrddim_set_by_pointer(st_io_read, cg->rd_io_service_bytes_read, cg->io_service_bytes.Read);
+
+            if(unlikely(!cg->rd_io_service_bytes_write))
+                cg->rd_io_service_bytes_write = rrddim_add(st_io_write, cg->chart_id, cg->chart_title, 1, 1024, RRD_ALGORITHM_INCREMENTAL);
+
+            rrddim_set_by_pointer(st_io_write, cg->rd_io_service_bytes_write, cg->io_service_bytes.Write);
+        }
+
+        if(likely(do_io_ops && cg->io_serviced.updated)) {
+            if(unlikely(!cg->rd_io_serviced_read))
+                cg->rd_io_serviced_read = rrddim_add(st_io_serviced_read, cg->chart_id, cg->chart_title, 1, 1, RRD_ALGORITHM_INCREMENTAL);
+
+            rrddim_set_by_pointer(st_io_serviced_read, cg->rd_io_serviced_read, cg->io_serviced.Read);
+
+            if(unlikely(!cg->rd_io_serviced_write))
+                cg->rd_io_serviced_write = rrddim_add(st_io_serviced_write, cg->chart_id, cg->chart_title, 1, 1, RRD_ALGORITHM_INCREMENTAL);
+
+            rrddim_set_by_pointer(st_io_serviced_write, cg->rd_io_serviced_write, cg->io_serviced.Write);
+        }
+
+        if(likely(do_throttle_io && cg->throttle_io_service_bytes.updated)) {
+            if(unlikely(!cg->rd_throttle_io_read))
+                cg->rd_throttle_io_read = rrddim_add(st_throttle_io_read, cg->chart_id, cg->chart_title, 1, 1024, RRD_ALGORITHM_INCREMENTAL);
+
+            rrddim_set_by_pointer(st_throttle_io_read, cg->rd_throttle_io_read, cg->throttle_io_service_bytes.Read);
+
+            if(unlikely(!cg->rd_throttle_io_write))
+                cg->rd_throttle_io_write = rrddim_add(st_throttle_io_write, cg->chart_id, cg->chart_title, 1, 1024, RRD_ALGORITHM_INCREMENTAL);
+
+            rrddim_set_by_pointer(st_throttle_io_write, cg->rd_throttle_io_write, cg->throttle_io_service_bytes.Write);
+        }
+
+        if(likely(do_throttle_ops && cg->throttle_io_serviced.updated)) {
+            if(unlikely(!cg->rd_throttle_io_serviced_read))
+                cg->rd_throttle_io_serviced_read = rrddim_add(st_throttle_ops_read, cg->chart_id, cg->chart_title, 1, 1, RRD_ALGORITHM_INCREMENTAL);
+
+            rrddim_set_by_pointer(st_throttle_ops_read, cg->rd_throttle_io_serviced_read, cg->throttle_io_serviced.Read);
+
+            if(unlikely(!cg->rd_throttle_io_serviced_write))
+                cg->rd_throttle_io_serviced_write = rrddim_add(st_throttle_ops_write, cg->chart_id, cg->chart_title, 1, 1, RRD_ALGORITHM_INCREMENTAL);
+
+            rrddim_set_by_pointer(st_throttle_ops_write, cg->rd_throttle_io_serviced_write, cg->throttle_io_serviced.Write);
+        }
+
+        if(likely(do_queued_ops && cg->io_queued.updated)) {
+            if(unlikely(!cg->rd_io_queued_read))
+                cg->rd_io_queued_read = rrddim_add(st_queued_ops_read, cg->chart_id, cg->chart_title, 1, 1, RRD_ALGORITHM_INCREMENTAL);
+
+            rrddim_set_by_pointer(st_queued_ops_read, cg->rd_io_queued_read, cg->io_queued.Read);
+
+            if(unlikely(!cg->rd_io_queued_write))
+                cg->rd_io_queued_write = rrddim_add(st_queued_ops_write, cg->chart_id, cg->chart_title, 1, 1, RRD_ALGORITHM_INCREMENTAL);
+
+            rrddim_set_by_pointer(st_queued_ops_write, cg->rd_io_queued_write, cg->io_queued.Write);
+        }
+
+        if(likely(do_merged_ops && cg->io_merged.updated)) {
+            if(unlikely(!cg->rd_io_merged_read))
+                cg->rd_io_merged_read = rrddim_add(st_merged_ops_read, cg->chart_id, cg->chart_title, 1, 1, RRD_ALGORITHM_INCREMENTAL);
+
+            rrddim_set_by_pointer(st_merged_ops_read, cg->rd_io_merged_read, cg->io_merged.Read);
+
+            if(unlikely(!cg->rd_io_merged_write))
+                cg->rd_io_merged_write = rrddim_add(st_merged_ops_write, cg->chart_id, cg->chart_title, 1, 1, RRD_ALGORITHM_INCREMENTAL);
+
+            rrddim_set_by_pointer(st_merged_ops_write, cg->rd_io_merged_write, cg->io_merged.Write);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // complete the iteration
+    if(likely(do_cpu))
+        rrdset_done(st_cpu);
+
+    if(likely(do_mem_usage))
+        rrdset_done(st_mem_usage);
+
+    if(unlikely(do_mem_detailed)) {
+        rrdset_done(st_mem_detailed_cache);
+        rrdset_done(st_mem_detailed_rss);
+        rrdset_done(st_mem_detailed_mapped);
+        rrdset_done(st_mem_detailed_writeback);
+        rrdset_done(st_mem_detailed_pgfault);
+        rrdset_done(st_mem_detailed_pgmajfault);
+        rrdset_done(st_mem_detailed_pgpgin);
+        rrdset_done(st_mem_detailed_pgpgout);
+    }
+
+    if(likely(do_mem_failcnt))
+        rrdset_done(st_mem_failcnt);
+
+    if(likely(do_swap_usage))
+        rrdset_done(st_swap_usage);
+
+    if(likely(do_io)) {
+        rrdset_done(st_io_read);
+        rrdset_done(st_io_write);
+    }
+
+    if(likely(do_io_ops)) {
+        rrdset_done(st_io_serviced_read);
+        rrdset_done(st_io_serviced_write);
+    }
+
+    if(likely(do_throttle_io)) {
+        rrdset_done(st_throttle_io_read);
+        rrdset_done(st_throttle_io_write);
+    }
+
+    if(likely(do_throttle_ops)) {
+        rrdset_done(st_throttle_ops_read);
+        rrdset_done(st_throttle_ops_write);
+    }
+
+    if(likely(do_queued_ops)) {
+        rrdset_done(st_queued_ops_read);
+        rrdset_done(st_queued_ops_write);
+    }
+
+    if(likely(do_merged_ops)) {
+        rrdset_done(st_merged_ops_read);
+        rrdset_done(st_merged_ops_write);
+    }
+}
+
+static inline char *cgroup_chart_type(char *buffer, const char *id, size_t len) {
+    if(buffer[0]) return buffer;
+
+    if(id[0] == '\0' || (id[0] == '/' && id[1] == '\0'))
+        strncpy(buffer, "cgroup_root", len);
+    else
+        snprintfz(buffer, len, "cgroup_%s", id);
+
+    netdata_fix_chart_id(buffer);
+    return buffer;
+}
+
+void update_cgroup_charts(int update_every) {
+    debug(D_CGROUP, "updating cgroups charts");
+
+    char type[RRD_ID_LENGTH_MAX + 1];
+    char title[CHART_TITLE_MAX + 1];
+
+    int services_do_cpu = 0,
+            services_do_mem_usage = 0,
+            services_do_mem_detailed = 0,
+            services_do_mem_failcnt = 0,
+            services_do_swap_usage = 0,
+            services_do_io = 0,
+            services_do_io_ops = 0,
+            services_do_throttle_io = 0,
+            services_do_throttle_ops = 0,
+            services_do_queued_ops = 0,
+            services_do_merged_ops = 0;
+
+    struct cgroup *cg;
+    for(cg = cgroup_root; cg ; cg = cg->next) {
+        if(unlikely(!cg->available || !cg->enabled))
+            continue;
+
+        if(likely(cgroup_enable_systemd_services && cg->options & CGROUP_OPTIONS_SYSTEM_SLICE_SERVICE)) {
+            if(cg->cpuacct_stat.updated && cg->cpuacct_stat.enabled == CONFIG_BOOLEAN_YES) services_do_cpu++;
+
+            if(cgroup_enable_systemd_services_detailed_memory && cg->memory.updated_detailed && cg->memory.enabled_detailed) services_do_mem_detailed++;
+            if(cg->memory.updated_usage_in_bytes && cg->memory.enabled_usage_in_bytes == CONFIG_BOOLEAN_YES) services_do_mem_usage++;
+            if(cg->memory.updated_failcnt && cg->memory.enabled_failcnt == CONFIG_BOOLEAN_YES) services_do_mem_failcnt++;
+            if(cg->memory.updated_msw_usage_in_bytes && cg->memory.enabled_msw_usage_in_bytes == CONFIG_BOOLEAN_YES) services_do_swap_usage++;
+
+            if(cg->io_service_bytes.updated && cg->io_service_bytes.enabled == CONFIG_BOOLEAN_YES) services_do_io++;
+            if(cg->io_serviced.updated && cg->io_serviced.enabled == CONFIG_BOOLEAN_YES) services_do_io_ops++;
+            if(cg->throttle_io_service_bytes.updated && cg->throttle_io_service_bytes.enabled == CONFIG_BOOLEAN_YES) services_do_throttle_io++;
+            if(cg->throttle_io_serviced.updated && cg->throttle_io_serviced.enabled == CONFIG_BOOLEAN_YES) services_do_throttle_ops++;
+            if(cg->io_queued.updated && cg->io_queued.enabled == CONFIG_BOOLEAN_YES) services_do_queued_ops++;
+            if(cg->io_merged.updated && cg->io_merged.enabled == CONFIG_BOOLEAN_YES) services_do_merged_ops++;
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        type[0] = '\0';
+
+        if(likely(cg->cpuacct_stat.updated && cg->cpuacct_stat.enabled == CONFIG_BOOLEAN_YES)) {
+            if(unlikely(!cg->st_cpu)) {
+                snprintfz(title, CHART_TITLE_MAX, "CPU Usage (%d%% = %d core%s) for cgroup %s", (processors * 100), processors, (processors > 1) ? "s" : "", cg->chart_title);
+
+                cg->st_cpu = rrdset_create_localhost(
+                        cgroup_chart_type(type, cg->chart_id, RRD_ID_LENGTH_MAX)
+                        , "cpu"
+                        , NULL
+                        , "cpu"
+                        , "cgroup.cpu"
+                        , title
+                        , "%"
+                        , PLUGIN_CGROUPS_NAME
+                        , PLUGIN_CGROUPS_MODULE_CGROUPS_NAME
+                        , NETDATA_CHART_PRIO_CGROUPS_CONTAINERS
+                        , update_every
+                        , RRDSET_TYPE_STACKED
+                );
+
+                rrddim_add(cg->st_cpu, "user", NULL, 100, system_hz, RRD_ALGORITHM_INCREMENTAL);
+                rrddim_add(cg->st_cpu, "system", NULL, 100, system_hz, RRD_ALGORITHM_INCREMENTAL);
+            }
+            else
+                rrdset_next(cg->st_cpu);
+
+            rrddim_set(cg->st_cpu, "user", cg->cpuacct_stat.user);
+            rrddim_set(cg->st_cpu, "system", cg->cpuacct_stat.system);
+            rrdset_done(cg->st_cpu);
+        }
+
+        if(likely(cg->cpuacct_usage.updated && cg->cpuacct_usage.enabled == CONFIG_BOOLEAN_YES)) {
+            char id[RRD_ID_LENGTH_MAX + 1];
+            unsigned int i;
+
+            if(unlikely(!cg->st_cpu_per_core)) {
+                snprintfz(title, CHART_TITLE_MAX, "CPU Usage (%d%% = %d core%s) Per Core for cgroup %s", (processors * 100), processors, (processors > 1) ? "s" : "", cg->chart_title);
+
+                cg->st_cpu_per_core = rrdset_create_localhost(
+                        cgroup_chart_type(type, cg->chart_id, RRD_ID_LENGTH_MAX)
+                        , "cpu_per_core"
+                        , NULL
+                        , "cpu"
+                        , "cgroup.cpu_per_core"
+                        , title
+                        , "%"
+                        , PLUGIN_CGROUPS_NAME
+                        , PLUGIN_CGROUPS_MODULE_CGROUPS_NAME
+                        , NETDATA_CHART_PRIO_CGROUPS_CONTAINERS + 100
+                        , update_every
+                        , RRDSET_TYPE_STACKED
+                );
+
+                for(i = 0; i < cg->cpuacct_usage.cpus; i++) {
+                    snprintfz(id, RRD_ID_LENGTH_MAX, "cpu%u", i);
+                    rrddim_add(cg->st_cpu_per_core, id, NULL, 100, 1000000000, RRD_ALGORITHM_INCREMENTAL);
+                }
+            }
+            else
+                rrdset_next(cg->st_cpu_per_core);
+
+            for(i = 0; i < cg->cpuacct_usage.cpus ;i++) {
+                snprintfz(id, RRD_ID_LENGTH_MAX, "cpu%u", i);
+                rrddim_set(cg->st_cpu_per_core, id, cg->cpuacct_usage.cpu_percpu[i]);
+            }
+            rrdset_done(cg->st_cpu_per_core);
+        }
+
+        if(likely(cg->memory.updated_detailed && cg->memory.enabled_detailed == CONFIG_BOOLEAN_YES)) {
+            if(unlikely(!cg->st_mem)) {
+                snprintfz(title, CHART_TITLE_MAX, "Memory Usage for cgroup %s", cg->chart_title);
+
+                cg->st_mem = rrdset_create_localhost(
+                        cgroup_chart_type(type, cg->chart_id, RRD_ID_LENGTH_MAX)
+                        , "mem"
+                        , NULL
+                        , "mem"
+                        , "cgroup.mem"
+                        , title
+                        , "MiB"
+                        , PLUGIN_CGROUPS_NAME
+                        , PLUGIN_CGROUPS_MODULE_CGROUPS_NAME
+                        , NETDATA_CHART_PRIO_CGROUPS_CONTAINERS + 210
+                        , update_every
+                        , RRDSET_TYPE_STACKED
+                );
+
+                rrddim_add(cg->st_mem, "cache", NULL, 1, 1024 * 1024, RRD_ALGORITHM_ABSOLUTE);
+                rrddim_add(cg->st_mem, "rss", NULL, 1, 1024 * 1024, RRD_ALGORITHM_ABSOLUTE);
+
+                if(cg->memory.detailed_has_swap)
+                    rrddim_add(cg->st_mem, "swap", NULL, 1, 1024 * 1024, RRD_ALGORITHM_ABSOLUTE);
+
+                rrddim_add(cg->st_mem, "rss_huge", NULL, 1, 1024 * 1024, RRD_ALGORITHM_ABSOLUTE);
+                rrddim_add(cg->st_mem, "mapped_file", NULL, 1, 1024 * 1024, RRD_ALGORITHM_ABSOLUTE);
+            }
+            else
+                rrdset_next(cg->st_mem);
+
+            rrddim_set(cg->st_mem, "cache", cg->memory.cache);
+            rrddim_set(cg->st_mem, "rss", (cg->memory.rss > cg->memory.rss_huge)?(cg->memory.rss - cg->memory.rss_huge):0);
+
+            if(cg->memory.detailed_has_swap)
+                rrddim_set(cg->st_mem, "swap", cg->memory.swap);
+
+            rrddim_set(cg->st_mem, "rss_huge", cg->memory.rss_huge);
+            rrddim_set(cg->st_mem, "mapped_file", cg->memory.mapped_file);
+            rrdset_done(cg->st_mem);
+
+            if(unlikely(!cg->st_writeback)) {
+                snprintfz(title, CHART_TITLE_MAX, "Writeback Memory for cgroup %s", cg->chart_title);
+
+                cg->st_writeback = rrdset_create_localhost(
+                        cgroup_chart_type(type, cg->chart_id, RRD_ID_LENGTH_MAX)
+                        , "writeback"
+                        , NULL
+                        , "mem"
+                        , "cgroup.writeback"
+                        , title
+                        , "MiB"
+                        , PLUGIN_CGROUPS_NAME
+                        , PLUGIN_CGROUPS_MODULE_CGROUPS_NAME
+                        , NETDATA_CHART_PRIO_CGROUPS_CONTAINERS + 300
+                        , update_every
+                        , RRDSET_TYPE_AREA
+                );
+
+                if(cg->memory.detailed_has_dirty)
+                    rrddim_add(cg->st_writeback, "dirty", NULL, 1, 1024 * 1024, RRD_ALGORITHM_ABSOLUTE);
+
+                rrddim_add(cg->st_writeback, "writeback", NULL, 1, 1024 * 1024, RRD_ALGORITHM_ABSOLUTE);
+            }
+            else
+                rrdset_next(cg->st_writeback);
+
+            if(cg->memory.detailed_has_dirty)
+                rrddim_set(cg->st_writeback, "dirty", cg->memory.dirty);
+
+            rrddim_set(cg->st_writeback, "writeback", cg->memory.writeback);
+            rrdset_done(cg->st_writeback);
+
+            if(unlikely(!cg->st_mem_activity)) {
+                snprintfz(title, CHART_TITLE_MAX, "Memory Activity for cgroup %s", cg->chart_title);
+
+                cg->st_mem_activity = rrdset_create_localhost(
+                        cgroup_chart_type(type, cg->chart_id, RRD_ID_LENGTH_MAX)
+                        , "mem_activity"
+                        , NULL
+                        , "mem"
+                        , "cgroup.mem_activity"
+                        , title
+                        , "MiB/s"
+                        , PLUGIN_CGROUPS_NAME
+                        , PLUGIN_CGROUPS_MODULE_CGROUPS_NAME
+                        , NETDATA_CHART_PRIO_CGROUPS_CONTAINERS + 400
+                        , update_every
+                        , RRDSET_TYPE_LINE
+                );
+
+                rrddim_add(cg->st_mem_activity, "pgpgin", "in", system_page_size, 1024 * 1024, RRD_ALGORITHM_INCREMENTAL);
+                rrddim_add(cg->st_mem_activity, "pgpgout", "out", -system_page_size, 1024 * 1024, RRD_ALGORITHM_INCREMENTAL);
+            }
+            else
+                rrdset_next(cg->st_mem_activity);
+
+            rrddim_set(cg->st_mem_activity, "pgpgin", cg->memory.pgpgin);
+            rrddim_set(cg->st_mem_activity, "pgpgout", cg->memory.pgpgout);
+            rrdset_done(cg->st_mem_activity);
+
+            if(unlikely(!cg->st_pgfaults)) {
+                snprintfz(title, CHART_TITLE_MAX, "Memory Page Faults for cgroup %s", cg->chart_title);
+
+                cg->st_pgfaults = rrdset_create_localhost(
+                        cgroup_chart_type(type, cg->chart_id, RRD_ID_LENGTH_MAX)
+                        , "pgfaults"
+                        , NULL
+                        , "mem"
+                        , "cgroup.pgfaults"
+                        , title
+                        , "MiB/s"
+                        , PLUGIN_CGROUPS_NAME
+                        , PLUGIN_CGROUPS_MODULE_CGROUPS_NAME
+                        , NETDATA_CHART_PRIO_CGROUPS_CONTAINERS + 500
+                        , update_every
+                        , RRDSET_TYPE_LINE
+                );
+
+                rrddim_add(cg->st_pgfaults, "pgfault", NULL, system_page_size, 1024 * 1024, RRD_ALGORITHM_INCREMENTAL);
+                rrddim_add(cg->st_pgfaults, "pgmajfault", "swap", -system_page_size, 1024 * 1024, RRD_ALGORITHM_INCREMENTAL);
+            }
+            else
+                rrdset_next(cg->st_pgfaults);
+
+            rrddim_set(cg->st_pgfaults, "pgfault", cg->memory.pgfault);
+            rrddim_set(cg->st_pgfaults, "pgmajfault", cg->memory.pgmajfault);
+            rrdset_done(cg->st_pgfaults);
+        }
+
+        if(likely(cg->memory.updated_usage_in_bytes && cg->memory.enabled_usage_in_bytes == CONFIG_BOOLEAN_YES)) {
+            if(unlikely(!cg->st_mem_usage)) {
+                snprintfz(title, CHART_TITLE_MAX, "Used Memory %sfor cgroup %s", (cgroup_used_memory_without_cache && cg->memory.updated_detailed)?"without Cache ":"", cg->chart_title);
+
+                cg->st_mem_usage = rrdset_create_localhost(
+                        cgroup_chart_type(type, cg->chart_id, RRD_ID_LENGTH_MAX)
+                        , "mem_usage"
+                        , NULL
+                        , "mem"
+                        , "cgroup.mem_usage"
+                        , title
+                        , "MiB"
+                        , PLUGIN_CGROUPS_NAME
+                        , PLUGIN_CGROUPS_MODULE_CGROUPS_NAME
+                        , NETDATA_CHART_PRIO_CGROUPS_CONTAINERS + 200
+                        , update_every
+                        , RRDSET_TYPE_STACKED
+                );
+
+                rrddim_add(cg->st_mem_usage, "ram", NULL, 1, 1024 * 1024, RRD_ALGORITHM_ABSOLUTE);
+                rrddim_add(cg->st_mem_usage, "swap", NULL, 1, 1024 * 1024, RRD_ALGORITHM_ABSOLUTE);
+            }
+            else
+                rrdset_next(cg->st_mem_usage);
+
+            rrddim_set(cg->st_mem_usage, "ram", cg->memory.usage_in_bytes - ((cgroup_used_memory_without_cache)?cg->memory.cache:0));
+            rrddim_set(cg->st_mem_usage, "swap", (cg->memory.msw_usage_in_bytes > cg->memory.usage_in_bytes)?cg->memory.msw_usage_in_bytes - cg->memory.usage_in_bytes:0);
+            rrdset_done(cg->st_mem_usage);
+        }
+
+        if(likely(cg->memory.updated_failcnt && cg->memory.enabled_failcnt == CONFIG_BOOLEAN_YES)) {
+            if(unlikely(!cg->st_mem_failcnt)) {
+                snprintfz(title, CHART_TITLE_MAX, "Memory Limit Failures for cgroup %s", cg->chart_title);
+
+                cg->st_mem_failcnt = rrdset_create_localhost(
+                        cgroup_chart_type(type, cg->chart_id, RRD_ID_LENGTH_MAX)
+                        , "mem_failcnt"
+                        , NULL
+                        , "mem"
+                        , "cgroup.mem_failcnt"
+                        , title
+                        , "count"
+                        , PLUGIN_CGROUPS_NAME
+                        , PLUGIN_CGROUPS_MODULE_CGROUPS_NAME
+                        , NETDATA_CHART_PRIO_CGROUPS_CONTAINERS + 250
+                        , update_every
+                        , RRDSET_TYPE_LINE
+                );
+
+                rrddim_add(cg->st_mem_failcnt, "failures", NULL, 1, 1, RRD_ALGORITHM_INCREMENTAL);
+            }
+            else
+                rrdset_next(cg->st_mem_failcnt);
+
+            rrddim_set(cg->st_mem_failcnt, "failures", cg->memory.failcnt);
+            rrdset_done(cg->st_mem_failcnt);
+        }
+
+        if(likely(cg->io_service_bytes.updated && cg->io_service_bytes.enabled == CONFIG_BOOLEAN_YES)) {
+            if(unlikely(!cg->st_io)) {
+                snprintfz(title, CHART_TITLE_MAX, "I/O Bandwidth (all disks) for cgroup %s", cg->chart_title);
+
+                cg->st_io = rrdset_create_localhost(
+                        cgroup_chart_type(type, cg->chart_id, RRD_ID_LENGTH_MAX)
+                        , "io"
+                        , NULL
+                        , "disk"
+                        , "cgroup.io"
+                        , title
+                        , "KiB/s"
+                        , PLUGIN_CGROUPS_NAME
+                        , PLUGIN_CGROUPS_MODULE_CGROUPS_NAME
+                        , NETDATA_CHART_PRIO_CGROUPS_CONTAINERS + 1200
+                        , update_every
+                        , RRDSET_TYPE_AREA
+                );
+
+                rrddim_add(cg->st_io, "read", NULL, 1, 1024, RRD_ALGORITHM_INCREMENTAL);
+                rrddim_add(cg->st_io, "write", NULL, -1, 1024, RRD_ALGORITHM_INCREMENTAL);
+            }
+            else
+                rrdset_next(cg->st_io);
+
+            rrddim_set(cg->st_io, "read", cg->io_service_bytes.Read);
+            rrddim_set(cg->st_io, "write", cg->io_service_bytes.Write);
+            rrdset_done(cg->st_io);
+        }
+
+        if(likely(cg->io_serviced.updated && cg->io_serviced.enabled == CONFIG_BOOLEAN_YES)) {
+            if(unlikely(!cg->st_serviced_ops)) {
+                snprintfz(title, CHART_TITLE_MAX, "Serviced I/O Operations (all disks) for cgroup %s", cg->chart_title);
+
+                cg->st_serviced_ops = rrdset_create_localhost(
+                        cgroup_chart_type(type, cg->chart_id, RRD_ID_LENGTH_MAX)
+                        , "serviced_ops"
+                        , NULL
+                        , "disk"
+                        , "cgroup.serviced_ops"
+                        , title
+                        , "operations/s"
+                        , PLUGIN_CGROUPS_NAME
+                        , PLUGIN_CGROUPS_MODULE_CGROUPS_NAME
+                        , NETDATA_CHART_PRIO_CGROUPS_CONTAINERS + 1200
+                        , update_every
+                        , RRDSET_TYPE_LINE
+                );
+
+                rrddim_add(cg->st_serviced_ops, "read", NULL, 1, 1, RRD_ALGORITHM_INCREMENTAL);
+                rrddim_add(cg->st_serviced_ops, "write", NULL, -1, 1, RRD_ALGORITHM_INCREMENTAL);
+            }
+            else
+                rrdset_next(cg->st_serviced_ops);
+
+            rrddim_set(cg->st_serviced_ops, "read", cg->io_serviced.Read);
+            rrddim_set(cg->st_serviced_ops, "write", cg->io_serviced.Write);
+            rrdset_done(cg->st_serviced_ops);
+        }
+
+        if(likely(cg->throttle_io_service_bytes.updated && cg->throttle_io_service_bytes.enabled == CONFIG_BOOLEAN_YES)) {
+            if(unlikely(!cg->st_throttle_io)) {
+                snprintfz(title, CHART_TITLE_MAX, "Throttle I/O Bandwidth (all disks) for cgroup %s", cg->chart_title);
+
+                cg->st_throttle_io = rrdset_create_localhost(
+                        cgroup_chart_type(type, cg->chart_id, RRD_ID_LENGTH_MAX)
+                        , "throttle_io"
+                        , NULL
+                        , "disk"
+                        , "cgroup.throttle_io"
+                        , title
+                        , "KiB/s"
+                        , PLUGIN_CGROUPS_NAME
+                        , PLUGIN_CGROUPS_MODULE_CGROUPS_NAME
+                        , NETDATA_CHART_PRIO_CGROUPS_CONTAINERS + 1200
+                        , update_every
+                        , RRDSET_TYPE_AREA
+                );
+
+                rrddim_add(cg->st_throttle_io, "read", NULL, 1, 1024, RRD_ALGORITHM_INCREMENTAL);
+                rrddim_add(cg->st_throttle_io, "write", NULL, -1, 1024, RRD_ALGORITHM_INCREMENTAL);
+            }
+            else
+                rrdset_next(cg->st_throttle_io);
+
+            rrddim_set(cg->st_throttle_io, "read", cg->throttle_io_service_bytes.Read);
+            rrddim_set(cg->st_throttle_io, "write", cg->throttle_io_service_bytes.Write);
+            rrdset_done(cg->st_throttle_io);
+        }
+
+        if(likely(cg->throttle_io_serviced.updated && cg->throttle_io_serviced.enabled == CONFIG_BOOLEAN_YES)) {
+            if(unlikely(!cg->st_throttle_serviced_ops)) {
+                snprintfz(title, CHART_TITLE_MAX, "Throttle Serviced I/O Operations (all disks) for cgroup %s", cg->chart_title);
+
+                cg->st_throttle_serviced_ops = rrdset_create_localhost(
+                        cgroup_chart_type(type, cg->chart_id, RRD_ID_LENGTH_MAX)
+                        , "throttle_serviced_ops"
+                        , NULL
+                        , "disk"
+                        , "cgroup.throttle_serviced_ops"
+                        , title
+                        , "operations/s"
+                        , PLUGIN_CGROUPS_NAME
+                        , PLUGIN_CGROUPS_MODULE_CGROUPS_NAME
+                        , NETDATA_CHART_PRIO_CGROUPS_CONTAINERS + 1200
+                        , update_every
+                        , RRDSET_TYPE_LINE
+                );
+
+                rrddim_add(cg->st_throttle_serviced_ops, "read", NULL, 1, 1, RRD_ALGORITHM_INCREMENTAL);
+                rrddim_add(cg->st_throttle_serviced_ops, "write", NULL, -1, 1, RRD_ALGORITHM_INCREMENTAL);
+            }
+            else
+                rrdset_next(cg->st_throttle_serviced_ops);
+
+            rrddim_set(cg->st_throttle_serviced_ops, "read", cg->throttle_io_serviced.Read);
+            rrddim_set(cg->st_throttle_serviced_ops, "write", cg->throttle_io_serviced.Write);
+            rrdset_done(cg->st_throttle_serviced_ops);
+        }
+
+        if(likely(cg->io_queued.updated && cg->io_queued.enabled == CONFIG_BOOLEAN_YES)) {
+            if(unlikely(!cg->st_queued_ops)) {
+                snprintfz(title, CHART_TITLE_MAX, "Queued I/O Operations (all disks) for cgroup %s", cg->chart_title);
+
+                cg->st_queued_ops = rrdset_create_localhost(
+                        cgroup_chart_type(type, cg->chart_id, RRD_ID_LENGTH_MAX)
+                        , "queued_ops"
+                        , NULL
+                        , "disk"
+                        , "cgroup.queued_ops"
+                        , title
+                        , "operations"
+                        , PLUGIN_CGROUPS_NAME
+                        , PLUGIN_CGROUPS_MODULE_CGROUPS_NAME
+                        , NETDATA_CHART_PRIO_CGROUPS_CONTAINERS + 2000
+                        , update_every
+                        , RRDSET_TYPE_LINE
+                );
+
+                rrddim_add(cg->st_queued_ops, "read", NULL, 1, 1, RRD_ALGORITHM_ABSOLUTE);
+                rrddim_add(cg->st_queued_ops, "write", NULL, -1, 1, RRD_ALGORITHM_ABSOLUTE);
+            }
+            else
+                rrdset_next(cg->st_queued_ops);
+
+            rrddim_set(cg->st_queued_ops, "read", cg->io_queued.Read);
+            rrddim_set(cg->st_queued_ops, "write", cg->io_queued.Write);
+            rrdset_done(cg->st_queued_ops);
+        }
+
+        if(likely(cg->io_merged.updated && cg->io_merged.enabled == CONFIG_BOOLEAN_YES)) {
+            if(unlikely(!cg->st_merged_ops)) {
+                snprintfz(title, CHART_TITLE_MAX, "Merged I/O Operations (all disks) for cgroup %s", cg->chart_title);
+
+                cg->st_merged_ops = rrdset_create_localhost(
+                        cgroup_chart_type(type, cg->chart_id, RRD_ID_LENGTH_MAX)
+                        , "merged_ops"
+                        , NULL
+                        , "disk"
+                        , "cgroup.merged_ops"
+                        , title
+                        , "operations/s"
+                        , PLUGIN_CGROUPS_NAME
+                        , PLUGIN_CGROUPS_MODULE_CGROUPS_NAME
+                        , NETDATA_CHART_PRIO_CGROUPS_CONTAINERS + 2100
+                        , update_every
+                        , RRDSET_TYPE_LINE
+                );
+
+                rrddim_add(cg->st_merged_ops, "read", NULL, 1, 1024, RRD_ALGORITHM_INCREMENTAL);
+                rrddim_add(cg->st_merged_ops, "write", NULL, -1, 1024, RRD_ALGORITHM_INCREMENTAL);
+            }
+            else
+                rrdset_next(cg->st_merged_ops);
+
+            rrddim_set(cg->st_merged_ops, "read", cg->io_merged.Read);
+            rrddim_set(cg->st_merged_ops, "write", cg->io_merged.Write);
+            rrdset_done(cg->st_merged_ops);
+        }
+    }
+
+    if(likely(cgroup_enable_systemd_services))
+        update_systemd_services_charts(update_every, services_do_cpu, services_do_mem_usage, services_do_mem_detailed
+                                       , services_do_mem_failcnt, services_do_swap_usage, services_do_io
+                                       , services_do_io_ops, services_do_throttle_io, services_do_throttle_ops
+                                       , services_do_queued_ops, services_do_merged_ops
+        );
+
+    debug(D_CGROUP, "done updating cgroups charts");
+}
+
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// cgroups main
+
+static void cgroup_main_cleanup(void *ptr) {
+    struct netdata_static_thread *static_thread = (struct netdata_static_thread *)ptr;
+    static_thread->enabled = NETDATA_MAIN_THREAD_EXITING;
+
+    info("cleaning up...");
+
+    static_thread->enabled = NETDATA_MAIN_THREAD_EXITED;
+}
+
+void *cgroups_main(void *ptr) {
+    netdata_thread_cleanup_push(cgroup_main_cleanup, ptr);
+
+    struct rusage thread;
+
+    // when ZERO, attempt to do it
+    int vdo_cpu_netdata = config_get_boolean("plugin:cgroups", "cgroups plugin resource charts", 1);
+
+    read_cgroup_plugin_configuration();
+
+    RRDSET *stcpu_thread = NULL;
+
+    heartbeat_t hb;
+    heartbeat_init(&hb);
+    usec_t step = cgroup_update_every * USEC_PER_SEC;
+    usec_t find_every = cgroup_check_for_new_every * USEC_PER_SEC, find_dt = 0;
+
+    while(!netdata_exit) {
+        usec_t hb_dt = heartbeat_next(&hb, step);
+        if(unlikely(netdata_exit)) break;
+
+        // BEGIN -- the job to be done
+
+        find_dt += hb_dt;
+        if(unlikely(find_dt >= find_every || cgroups_check)) {
+            find_all_cgroups();
+            find_dt = 0;
+            cgroups_check = 0;
+        }
+
+        read_all_cgroups(cgroup_root);
+        update_cgroup_charts(cgroup_update_every);
+
+        // END -- the job is done
+
+        // --------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+        if(vdo_cpu_netdata) {
+            getrusage(RUSAGE_THREAD, &thread);
+
+            if(unlikely(!stcpu_thread)) {
+
+                stcpu_thread = rrdset_create_localhost(
+                        "netdata"
+                        , "plugin_cgroups_cpu"
+                        , NULL
+                        , "cgroups"
+                        , NULL
+                        , "NetData CGroups Plugin CPU usage"
+                        , "milliseconds/s"
+                        , PLUGIN_CGROUPS_NAME
+                        , "stats"
+                        , 132000
+                        , cgroup_update_every
+                        , RRDSET_TYPE_STACKED
+                );
+
+                rrddim_add(stcpu_thread, "user",  NULL,  1, 1000, RRD_ALGORITHM_INCREMENTAL);
+                rrddim_add(stcpu_thread, "system", NULL, 1, 1000, RRD_ALGORITHM_INCREMENTAL);
+            }
+            else
+                rrdset_next(stcpu_thread);
+
+            rrddim_set(stcpu_thread, "user"  , thread.ru_utime.tv_sec * 1000000ULL + thread.ru_utime.tv_usec);
+            rrddim_set(stcpu_thread, "system", thread.ru_stime.tv_sec * 1000000ULL + thread.ru_stime.tv_usec);
+            rrdset_done(stcpu_thread);
+        }
+    }
+
+    netdata_thread_cleanup_pop(1);
+    return NULL;
+}