summaryrefslogtreecommitdiffstats
path: root/README_FILES/RESTRICTION_CLASS_README
diff options
context:
space:
mode:
authorDaniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org>2024-05-06 01:46:30 +0000
committerDaniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org>2024-05-06 01:46:30 +0000
commitb5896ba9f6047e7031e2bdee0622d543e11a6734 (patch)
treefd7b460593a2fee1be579bec5697e6d887ea3421 /README_FILES/RESTRICTION_CLASS_README
parentInitial commit. (diff)
downloadpostfix-b5896ba9f6047e7031e2bdee0622d543e11a6734.tar.xz
postfix-b5896ba9f6047e7031e2bdee0622d543e11a6734.zip
Adding upstream version 3.4.23.upstream/3.4.23upstream
Signed-off-by: Daniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org>
Diffstat (limited to 'README_FILES/RESTRICTION_CLASS_README')
-rw-r--r--README_FILES/RESTRICTION_CLASS_README166
1 files changed, 166 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/README_FILES/RESTRICTION_CLASS_README b/README_FILES/RESTRICTION_CLASS_README
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9c78684
--- /dev/null
+++ b/README_FILES/RESTRICTION_CLASS_README
@@ -0,0 +1,166 @@
+PPoossttffiixx PPeerr--CClliieenntt//UUsseerr//eettcc.. AAcccceessss CCoonnttrrooll
+
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+PPoossttffiixx rreessttrriiccttiioonn ccllaasssseess
+
+The Postfix SMTP server supports access restrictions such as reject_rbl_client
+or reject_unknown_client_hostname on the right-hand side of SMTP server access
+(5) tables. This allows you to implement different junk mail restrictions for
+different clients or users.
+
+Having to specify lists of access restrictions for every recipient becomes
+tedious quickly. Postfix restriction classes allow you to give easy-to-remember
+names to groups of UCE restrictions (such as "permissive", "restrictive", and
+so on).
+
+The real reason for the existence of Postfix restriction classes is more
+mundane: you can't specify a lookup table on the right-hand side of a Postfix
+access table. This is because Postfix needs to open lookup tables ahead of
+time, but the reader probably does not care about these low-level details.
+
+Example:
+
+ /etc/postfix/main.cf:
+ smtpd_restriction_classes = restrictive, permissive
+ # With Postfix < 2.3 specify reject_unknown_client.
+ restrictive = reject_unknown_sender_domain
+ reject_unknown_client_hostname ...
+ permissive = permit
+
+ smtpd_recipient_restrictions =
+ permit_mynetworks
+ # reject_unauth_destination is not needed here if the mail
+ # relay policy is specified with smtpd_relay_restrictions
+ # (available with Postfix 2.10 and later).
+ reject_unauth_destination
+ check_recipient_access hash:/etc/postfix/recipient_access
+ ...
+
+ /etc/postfix/recipient_access:
+ joe@my.domain permissive
+ jane@my.domain restrictive
+
+With this in place, you can use "restrictive" or "permissive" on the right-hand
+side of your per-client, helo, sender, or recipient SMTPD access tables.
+
+The remainder of this document gives examples of how Postfix access restriction
+classes can be used to:
+
+ * Shield an internal mailing list from outside posters,
+ * Prevent external access by internal senders.
+
+These questions come up frequently, and the examples hopefully make clear that
+Postfix restriction classes aren't really the right solution. They should be
+used for what they were designed to do, different junk mail restrictions for
+different clients or users.
+
+PPrrootteeccttiinngg iinntteerrnnaall eemmaaiill ddiissttrriibbuuttiioonn lliissttss
+
+ We want to implement an internal email distribution list. Something like
+ all@our.domain.com, which aliases to all employees. My first thought was to
+ use the aliases map, but that would lead to "all" being accessible from the
+ "outside", and this is not desired... :-)
+
+Postfix can implement per-address access controls. What follows is based on the
+SMTP client IP address, and therefore is subject to IP spoofing.
+
+ /etc/postfix/main.cf:
+ smtpd_recipient_restrictions =
+ ...
+ check_recipient_access hash:/etc/postfix/access
+ ...the usual stuff...
+
+ /etc/postfix/access:
+ all@my.domain permit_mynetworks,reject
+ all@my.hostname permit_mynetworks,reject
+
+Specify ddbbmm instead of hhaasshh if your system uses ddbbmm files instead of ddbb files.
+To find out what map types Postfix supports, use the command ppoossttccoonnff --mm.
+
+Now, that would be sufficient when your machine receives all Internet mail
+directly from the Internet. That's unlikely if your network is a bit larger
+than an office. For example, your backup MX hosts would "launder" the client IP
+address of mail from the outside so it would appear to come from a trusted
+machine.
+
+In the general case you need two lookup tables: one table that lists
+destinations that need to be protected, and one table that lists domains that
+are allowed to send to the protected destinations.
+
+What follows is based on the sender SMTP envelope address, and therefore is
+subject to SMTP sender spoofing.
+
+ /etc/postfix/main.cf:
+ smtpd_recipient_restrictions =
+ ...
+ check_recipient_access hash:/etc/postfix/protected_destinations
+ ...the usual stuff...
+
+ smtpd_restriction_classes = insiders_only
+ insiders_only = check_sender_access hash:/etc/postfix/insiders, reject
+
+ /etc/postfix/protected_destinations:
+ all@my.domain insiders_only
+ all@my.hostname insiders_only
+
+ /etc/postfix/insiders:
+ my.domain OK matches my.domain and subdomains
+ another.domain OK matches another.domain and subdomains
+
+Getting past this scheme is relatively easy, because all one has to do is to
+spoof the SMTP sender address.
+
+If the internal list is a low-volume one, perhaps it makes more sense to make
+it moderated.
+
+RReessttrriiccttiinngg wwhhaatt uusseerrss ccaann sseenndd mmaaiill ttoo ooffff--ssiittee ddeessttiinnaattiioonnss
+
+ How can I configure Postfix in a way that some users can send mail to the
+ internet and other users not. The users with no access should receive a
+ generic bounce message. Please don't discuss whether such access
+ restrictions are necessary, it was not my decision.
+
+Postfix has support for per-user restrictions. The restrictions are implemented
+by the SMTP server. Thus, users that violate the policy have their mail
+rejected by the SMTP server. Like this:
+
+ 554 <user@remote>: Access denied
+
+The implementation uses two lookup tables. One table defines what users are
+restricted in where they can send mail, and the other table defines what
+destinations are local. It is left as an exercise for the reader to change this
+into a scheme where only some users have permission to send mail to off-site
+destinations, and where most users are restricted.
+
+The example assumes DB/DBM files, but this could also be done with LDAP or SQL.
+
+ /etc/postfix/main.cf:
+ smtpd_recipient_restrictions =
+ ...
+ check_sender_access hash:/etc/postfix/restricted_senders
+ ...other stuff...
+
+ smtpd_restriction_classes = local_only
+ local_only =
+ check_recipient_access hash:/etc/postfix/local_domains, reject
+
+ /etc/postfix/restricted_senders:
+ foo@domain local_only
+ bar@domain local_only
+
+ /etc/postfix/local_domains:
+ this.domain OK matches this.domain and subdomains
+ that.domain OK matches that.domain and subdomains
+
+Specify ddbbmm instead of hhaasshh if your system uses ddbbmm files instead of ddbb files.
+To find out what map types Postfix supports, use the command ppoossttccoonnff --mm.
+
+Note: this scheme does not authenticate the user, and therefore it can be
+bypassed in several ways:
+
+ * By sending mail via a less restrictive mail relay host.
+
+ * By sending mail as someone else who does have permission to send mail to
+ off-site destinations.
+