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authorDaniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org>2024-05-06 01:46:30 +0000
committerDaniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org>2024-05-06 01:46:30 +0000
commitb5896ba9f6047e7031e2bdee0622d543e11a6734 (patch)
treefd7b460593a2fee1be579bec5697e6d887ea3421 /html/access.5.html
parentInitial commit. (diff)
downloadpostfix-b5896ba9f6047e7031e2bdee0622d543e11a6734.tar.xz
postfix-b5896ba9f6047e7031e2bdee0622d543e11a6734.zip
Adding upstream version 3.4.23.upstream/3.4.23upstream
Signed-off-by: Daniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org>
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+<!doctype html public "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"
+ "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
+<html> <head>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=us-ascii">
+<title> Postfix manual - access(5) </title>
+</head> <body> <pre>
+ACCESS(5) ACCESS(5)
+
+<b>NAME</b>
+ access - Postfix SMTP server access table
+
+<b>SYNOPSIS</b>
+ <b>postmap /etc/postfix/access</b>
+
+ <b>postmap -q "</b><i>string</i><b>" /etc/postfix/access</b>
+
+ <b>postmap -q - /etc/postfix/access</b> &lt;<i>inputfile</i>
+
+<b>DESCRIPTION</b>
+ This document describes access control on remote SMTP client informa-
+ tion: host names, network addresses, and envelope sender or recipient
+ addresses; it is implemented by the Postfix SMTP server. See
+ <a href="header_checks.5.html"><b>header_checks</b>(5)</a> or <a href="header_checks.5.html"><b>body_checks</b>(5)</a> for access control on the content of
+ email messages.
+
+ Normally, the <a href="access.5.html"><b>access</b>(5)</a> table is specified as a text file that serves
+ as input to the <a href="postmap.1.html"><b>postmap</b>(1)</a> command. The result, an indexed file in <b>dbm</b>
+ or <b>db</b> format, is used for fast searching by the mail system. Execute
+ the command "<b>postmap /etc/postfix/access</b>" to rebuild an indexed file
+ after changing the corresponding text file.
+
+ When the table is provided via other means such as NIS, LDAP or SQL,
+ the same lookups are done as for ordinary indexed files.
+
+ Alternatively, the table can be provided as a regular-expression map
+ where patterns are given as regular expressions, or lookups can be
+ directed to TCP-based server. In those cases, the lookups are done in a
+ slightly different way as described below under "REGULAR EXPRESSION
+ TABLES" or "TCP-BASED TABLES".
+
+<b>CASE FOLDING</b>
+ The search string is folded to lowercase before database lookup. As of
+ Postfix 2.3, the search string is not case folded with database types
+ such as <a href="regexp_table.5.html">regexp</a>: or <a href="pcre_table.5.html">pcre</a>: whose lookup fields can match both upper and
+ lower case.
+
+<b>TABLE FORMAT</b>
+ The input format for the <a href="postmap.1.html"><b>postmap</b>(1)</a> command is as follows:
+
+ <i>pattern action</i>
+ When <i>pattern</i> matches a mail address, domain or host address,
+ perform the corresponding <i>action</i>.
+
+ blank lines and comments
+ Empty lines and whitespace-only lines are ignored, as are lines
+ whose first non-whitespace character is a `#'.
+
+ multi-line text
+ A logical line starts with non-whitespace text. A line that
+ starts with whitespace continues a logical line.
+
+<b>EMAIL ADDRESS PATTERNS</b>
+ With lookups from indexed files such as DB or DBM, or from networked
+ tables such as NIS, LDAP or SQL, patterns are tried in the order as
+ listed below:
+
+ <i>user</i>@<i>domain</i>
+ Matches the specified mail address.
+
+ <i>domain.tld</i>
+ Matches <i>domain.tld</i> as the domain part of an email address.
+
+ The pattern <i>domain.tld</i> also matches subdomains, but only when
+ the string <b>smtpd_access_maps</b> is listed in the Postfix <b><a href="postconf.5.html#parent_domain_matches_subdomains">par</a>-</b>
+ <b><a href="postconf.5.html#parent_domain_matches_subdomains">ent_domain_matches_subdomains</a></b> configuration setting.
+
+ <i>.domain.tld</i>
+ Matches subdomains of <i>domain.tld</i>, but only when the string
+ <b>smtpd_access_maps</b> is not listed in the Postfix <b><a href="postconf.5.html#parent_domain_matches_subdomains">par</a>-</b>
+ <b><a href="postconf.5.html#parent_domain_matches_subdomains">ent_domain_matches_subdomains</a></b> configuration setting.
+
+ <i>user</i>@ Matches all mail addresses with the specified user part.
+
+ Note: lookup of the null sender address is not possible with some types
+ of lookup table. By default, Postfix uses &lt;&gt; as the lookup key for such
+ addresses. The value is specified with the <b><a href="postconf.5.html#smtpd_null_access_lookup_key">smtpd_null_access_lookup_key</a></b>
+ parameter in the Postfix <a href="postconf.5.html"><b>main.cf</b></a> file.
+
+<b>EMAIL ADDRESS EXTENSION</b>
+ When a mail address localpart contains the optional recipient delimiter
+ (e.g., <i>user+foo</i>@<i>domain</i>), the lookup order becomes: <i>user+foo</i>@<i>domain</i>,
+ <i>user</i>@<i>domain</i>, <i>domain</i>, <i>user+foo</i>@, and <i>user</i>@.
+
+<b>HOST NAME/ADDRESS PATTERNS</b>
+ With lookups from indexed files such as DB or DBM, or from networked
+ tables such as NIS, LDAP or SQL, the following lookup patterns are
+ examined in the order as listed:
+
+ <i>domain.tld</i>
+ Matches <i>domain.tld</i>.
+
+ The pattern <i>domain.tld</i> also matches subdomains, but only when
+ the string <b>smtpd_access_maps</b> is listed in the Postfix <b><a href="postconf.5.html#parent_domain_matches_subdomains">par</a>-</b>
+ <b><a href="postconf.5.html#parent_domain_matches_subdomains">ent_domain_matches_subdomains</a></b> configuration setting.
+
+ <i>.domain.tld</i>
+ Matches subdomains of <i>domain.tld</i>, but only when the string
+ <b>smtpd_access_maps</b> is not listed in the Postfix <b><a href="postconf.5.html#parent_domain_matches_subdomains">par</a>-</b>
+ <b><a href="postconf.5.html#parent_domain_matches_subdomains">ent_domain_matches_subdomains</a></b> configuration setting.
+
+ <i>net.work.addr.ess</i>
+
+ <i>net.work.addr</i>
+
+ <i>net.work</i>
+
+ <i>net</i> Matches the specified IPv4 host address or subnetwork. An IPv4
+ host address is a sequence of four decimal octets separated by
+ ".".
+
+ Subnetworks are matched by repeatedly truncating the last
+ ".octet" from the remote IPv4 host address string until a match
+ is found in the access table, or until further truncation is not
+ possible.
+
+ NOTE 1: The access map lookup key must be in canonical form: do
+ not specify unnecessary null characters, and do not enclose net-
+ work address information with "[]" characters.
+
+ NOTE 2: use the <b>cidr</b> lookup table type to specify network/net-
+ mask patterns. See <a href="cidr_table.5.html"><b>cidr_table</b>(5)</a> for details.
+
+ <i>net:work:addr:ess</i>
+
+ <i>net:work:addr</i>
+
+ <i>net:work</i>
+
+ <i>net</i> Matches the specified IPv6 host address or subnetwork. An IPv6
+ host address is a sequence of three to eight hexadecimal octet
+ pairs separated by ":".
+
+ Subnetworks are matched by repeatedly truncating the last
+ ":octetpair" from the remote IPv6 host address string until a
+ match is found in the access table, or until further truncation
+ is not possible.
+
+ NOTE 1: the truncation and comparison are done with the string
+ representation of the IPv6 host address. Thus, not all the ":"
+ subnetworks will be tried.
+
+ NOTE 2: The access map lookup key must be in canonical form: do
+ not specify unnecessary null characters, and do not enclose net-
+ work address information with "[]" characters.
+
+ NOTE 3: use the <b>cidr</b> lookup table type to specify network/net-
+ mask patterns. See <a href="cidr_table.5.html"><b>cidr_table</b>(5)</a> for details.
+
+ IPv6 support is available in Postfix 2.2 and later.
+
+<b>ACCEPT ACTIONS</b>
+ <b>OK</b> Accept the address etc. that matches the pattern.
+
+ <i>all-numerical</i>
+ An all-numerical result is treated as OK. This format is gener-
+ ated by address-based relay authorization schemes such as
+ pop-before-smtp.
+
+ For other accept actions, see "OTHER ACTIONS" below.
+
+<b>REJECT ACTIONS</b>
+ Postfix version 2.3 and later support enhanced status codes as defined
+ in <a href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3463">RFC 3463</a>. When no code is specified at the beginning of the <i>text</i>
+ below, Postfix inserts a default enhanced status code of "5.7.1" in the
+ case of reject actions, and "4.7.1" in the case of defer actions. See
+ "ENHANCED STATUS CODES" below.
+
+ <b>4</b><i>NN text</i>
+
+ <b>5</b><i>NN text</i>
+ Reject the address etc. that matches the pattern, and respond
+ with the numerical three-digit code and text. <b>4</b><i>NN</i> means "try
+ again later", while <b>5</b><i>NN</i> means "do not try again".
+
+ The following responses have special meaning for the Postfix
+ SMTP server:
+
+ <b>421</b> <i>text</i> (Postfix 2.3 and later)
+
+ <b>521</b> <i>text</i> (Postfix 2.6 and later)
+ After responding with the numerical three-digit code and
+ text, disconnect immediately from the SMTP client. This
+ frees up SMTP server resources so that they can be made
+ available to another SMTP client.
+
+ Note: The "521" response should be used only with botnets
+ and other malware where interoperability is of no con-
+ cern. The "send 521 and disconnect" behavior is NOT
+ defined in the SMTP standard.
+
+ <b>REJECT</b> <i>optional text...</i>
+ Reject the address etc. that matches the pattern. Reply with
+ "<b>$<a href="postconf.5.html#access_map_reject_code">access_map_reject_code</a></b> <i>optional text...</i>" when the optional
+ text is specified, otherwise reply with a generic error response
+ message.
+
+ <b>DEFER</b> <i>optional text...</i>
+ Reject the address etc. that matches the pattern. Reply with
+ "<b>$<a href="postconf.5.html#access_map_defer_code">access_map_defer_code</a></b> <i>optional text...</i>" when the optional text
+ is specified, otherwise reply with a generic error response mes-
+ sage.
+
+ This feature is available in Postfix 2.6 and later.
+
+ <b>DEFER_IF_REJECT</b> <i>optional text...</i>
+ Defer the request if some later restriction would result in a
+ REJECT action. Reply with "<b>$<a href="postconf.5.html#access_map_defer_code">access_map_defer_code</a> 4.7.1</b> <i>optional</i>
+ <i>text...</i>" when the optional text is specified, otherwise reply
+ with a generic error response message.
+
+ Prior to Postfix 2.6, the SMTP reply code is 450.
+
+ This feature is available in Postfix 2.1 and later.
+
+ <b>DEFER_IF_PERMIT</b> <i>optional text...</i>
+ Defer the request if some later restriction would result in a an
+ explicit or implicit PERMIT action. Reply with
+ "<b>$<a href="postconf.5.html#access_map_defer_code">access_map_defer_code</a> 4.7.1</b> <i>optional text...</i>" when the
+ optional text is specified, otherwise reply with a generic error
+ response message.
+
+ Prior to Postfix 2.6, the SMTP reply code is 450.
+
+ This feature is available in Postfix 2.1 and later.
+
+ For other reject actions, see "OTHER ACTIONS" below.
+
+<b>OTHER ACTIONS</b>
+ <i>restriction...</i>
+ Apply the named UCE restriction(s) (<b>permit</b>, <b>reject</b>,
+ <b><a href="postconf.5.html#reject_unauth_destination">reject_unauth_destination</a></b>, and so on).
+
+ <b>BCC</b> <i>user@domain</i>
+ Send one copy of the message to the specified recipient.
+
+ If multiple BCC actions are specified within the same SMTP MAIL
+ transaction, with Postfix 3.0 only the last action will be used.
+
+ This feature is available in Postfix 3.0 and later.
+
+ <b>DISCARD</b> <i>optional text...</i>
+ Claim successful delivery and silently discard the message. Log
+ the optional text if specified, otherwise log a generic message.
+
+ Note: this action currently affects all recipients of the mes-
+ sage. To discard only one recipient without discarding the
+ entire message, use the <a href="transport.5.html">transport(5)</a> table to direct mail to the
+ <a href="discard.8.html">discard(8)</a> service.
+
+ This feature is available in Postfix 2.0 and later.
+
+ <b>DUNNO</b> Pretend that the lookup key was not found. This prevents Postfix
+ from trying substrings of the lookup key (such as a subdomain
+ name, or a network address subnetwork).
+
+ This feature is available in Postfix 2.0 and later.
+
+ <b>FILTER</b> <i>transport:destination</i>
+ After the message is queued, send the entire message through the
+ specified external content filter. The <i>transport</i> name specifies
+ the first field of a mail delivery agent definition in <a href="master.5.html">mas-
+ ter.cf</a>; the syntax of the next-hop <i>destination</i> is described in
+ the manual page of the corresponding delivery agent. More
+ information about external content filters is in the Postfix
+ <a href="FILTER_README.html">FILTER_README</a> file.
+
+ Note 1: do not use $<i>number</i> regular expression substitutions for
+ <i>transport</i> or <i>destination</i> unless you know that the information
+ has a trusted origin.
+
+ Note 2: this action overrides the <a href="postconf.5.html">main.cf</a> <b><a href="postconf.5.html#content_filter">content_filter</a></b> set-
+ ting, and affects all recipients of the message. In the case
+ that multiple <b>FILTER</b> actions fire, only the last one is exe-
+ cuted.
+
+ Note 3: the purpose of the FILTER command is to override message
+ routing. To override the recipient's <i>transport</i> but not the
+ next-hop <i>destination</i>, specify an empty filter <i>destination</i> (Post-
+ fix 2.7 and later), or specify a <i>transport:destination</i> that
+ delivers through a different Postfix instance (Postfix 2.6 and
+ earlier). Other options are using the recipient-dependent <b><a href="postconf.5.html#transport_maps">trans</a>-</b>
+ <b><a href="postconf.5.html#transport_maps">port_maps</a></b> or the sender-dependent <b><a href="postconf.5.html#sender_dependent_default_transport_maps">sender_dependent_default-</b>
+ <b>_transport_maps</a></b> features.
+
+ This feature is available in Postfix 2.0 and later.
+
+ <b>HOLD</b> <i>optional text...</i>
+ Place the message on the <b>hold</b> queue, where it will sit until
+ someone either deletes it or releases it for delivery. Log the
+ optional text if specified, otherwise log a generic message.
+
+ Mail that is placed on hold can be examined with the <a href="postcat.1.html"><b>postcat</b>(1)</a>
+ command, and can be destroyed or released with the <a href="postsuper.1.html"><b>postsuper</b>(1)</a>
+ command.
+
+ Note: use "<b>postsuper -r</b>" to release mail that was kept on hold
+ for a significant fraction of <b>$<a href="postconf.5.html#maximal_queue_lifetime">maximal_queue_lifetime</a></b> or
+ <b>$<a href="postconf.5.html#bounce_queue_lifetime">bounce_queue_lifetime</a></b>, or longer. Use "<b>postsuper -H</b>" only for
+ mail that will not expire within a few delivery attempts.
+
+ Note: this action currently affects all recipients of the mes-
+ sage.
+
+ This feature is available in Postfix 2.0 and later.
+
+ <b>PREPEND</b> <i>headername: headervalue</i>
+ Prepend the specified message header to the message. When more
+ than one PREPEND action executes, the first prepended header
+ appears before the second etc. prepended header.
+
+ Note: this action must execute before the message content is
+ received; it cannot execute in the context of
+ <b><a href="postconf.5.html#smtpd_end_of_data_restrictions">smtpd_end_of_data_restrictions</a></b>.
+
+ This feature is available in Postfix 2.1 and later.
+
+ <b>REDIRECT</b> <i>user@domain</i>
+ After the message is queued, send the message to the specified
+ address instead of the intended recipient(s). When multiple <b>RE-</b>
+ <b>DIRECT</b> actions fire, only the last one takes effect.
+
+ Note: this action overrides the FILTER action, and currently
+ overrides all recipients of the message.
+
+ This feature is available in Postfix 2.1 and later.
+
+ <b>INFO</b> <i>optional text...</i>
+ Log an informational record with the optional text, together
+ with client information and if available, with helo, sender,
+ recipient and protocol information.
+
+ This feature is available in Postfix 3.0 and later.
+
+ <b>WARN</b> <i>optional text...</i>
+ Log a warning with the optional text, together with client
+ information and if available, with helo, sender, recipient and
+ protocol information.
+
+ This feature is available in Postfix 2.1 and later.
+
+<b>ENHANCED STATUS CODES</b>
+ Postfix version 2.3 and later support enhanced status codes as defined
+ in <a href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3463">RFC 3463</a>. When an enhanced status code is specified in an access
+ table, it is subject to modification. The following transformations are
+ needed when the same access table is used for client, helo, sender, or
+ recipient access restrictions; they happen regardless of whether Post-
+ fix replies to a MAIL FROM, RCPT TO or other SMTP command.
+
+ <b>o</b> When a sender address matches a REJECT action, the Postfix SMTP
+ server will transform a recipient DSN status (e.g., 4.1.1-4.1.6)
+ into the corresponding sender DSN status, and vice versa.
+
+ <b>o</b> When non-address information matches a REJECT action (such as
+ the HELO command argument or the client hostname/address), the
+ Postfix SMTP server will transform a sender or recipient DSN
+ status into a generic non-address DSN status (e.g., 4.0.0).
+
+<b>REGULAR EXPRESSION TABLES</b>
+ This section describes how the table lookups change when the table is
+ given in the form of regular expressions. For a description of regular
+ expression lookup table syntax, see <a href="regexp_table.5.html"><b>regexp_table</b>(5)</a> or <a href="pcre_table.5.html"><b>pcre_table</b>(5)</a>.
+
+ Each pattern is a regular expression that is applied to the entire
+ string being looked up. Depending on the application, that string is an
+ entire client hostname, an entire client IP address, or an entire mail
+ address. Thus, no parent domain or parent network search is done,
+ <i>user@domain</i> mail addresses are not broken up into their <i>user@</i> and
+ <i>domain</i> constituent parts, nor is <i>user+foo</i> broken up into <i>user</i> and <i>foo</i>.
+
+ Patterns are applied in the order as specified in the table, until a
+ pattern is found that matches the search string.
+
+ Actions are the same as with indexed file lookups, with the additional
+ feature that parenthesized substrings from the pattern can be interpo-
+ lated as <b>$1</b>, <b>$2</b> and so on.
+
+<b>TCP-BASED TABLES</b>
+ This section describes how the table lookups change when lookups are
+ directed to a TCP-based server. For a description of the TCP
+ client/server lookup protocol, see <a href="tcp_table.5.html"><b>tcp_table</b>(5)</a>. This feature is not
+ available up to and including Postfix version 2.4.
+
+ Each lookup operation uses the entire query string once. Depending on
+ the application, that string is an entire client hostname, an entire
+ client IP address, or an entire mail address. Thus, no parent domain
+ or parent network search is done, <i>user@domain</i> mail addresses are not
+ broken up into their <i>user@</i> and <i>domain</i> constituent parts, nor is
+ <i>user+foo</i> broken up into <i>user</i> and <i>foo</i>.
+
+ Actions are the same as with indexed file lookups.
+
+<b>EXAMPLE</b>
+ The following example uses an indexed file, so that the order of table
+ entries does not matter. The example permits access by the client at
+ address 1.2.3.4 but rejects all other clients in 1.2.3.0/24. Instead of
+ <b>hash</b> lookup tables, some systems use <b>dbm</b>. Use the command "<b>postconf</b>
+ <b>-m</b>" to find out what lookup tables Postfix supports on your system.
+
+ /etc/postfix/<a href="postconf.5.html">main.cf</a>:
+ <a href="postconf.5.html#smtpd_client_restrictions">smtpd_client_restrictions</a> =
+ <a href="postconf.5.html#check_client_access">check_client_access</a> <a href="DATABASE_README.html#types">hash</a>:/etc/postfix/access
+
+ /etc/postfix/access:
+ 1.2.3 REJECT
+ 1.2.3.4 OK
+
+ Execute the command "<b>postmap /etc/postfix/access</b>" after editing the
+ file.
+
+<b>BUGS</b>
+ The table format does not understand quoting conventions.
+
+<b>SEE ALSO</b>
+ <a href="postmap.1.html">postmap(1)</a>, Postfix lookup table manager
+ <a href="smtpd.8.html">smtpd(8)</a>, SMTP server
+ <a href="postconf.5.html">postconf(5)</a>, configuration parameters
+ <a href="transport.5.html">transport(5)</a>, transport:nexthop syntax
+
+<b>README FILES</b>
+ <a href="SMTPD_ACCESS_README.html">SMTPD_ACCESS_README</a>, built-in SMTP server access control
+ <a href="DATABASE_README.html">DATABASE_README</a>, Postfix lookup table overview
+
+<b>LICENSE</b>
+ The Secure Mailer license must be distributed with this software.
+
+<b>AUTHOR(S)</b>
+ Wietse Venema
+ IBM T.J. Watson Research
+ P.O. Box 704
+ Yorktown Heights, NY 10598, USA
+
+ Wietse Venema
+ Google, Inc.
+ 111 8th Avenue
+ New York, NY 10011, USA
+
+ ACCESS(5)
+</pre> </body> </html>