Adding upstream version 1:4.5.upstream/1%4.5upstream

Signed-off-by: Daniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org>

1 files changed, 2285 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/src/usermod.c b/src/usermod.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9c5e479
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/usermod.c
@@ -0,0 +1,2285 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 1991 - 1994, Julianne Frances Haugh
+ * Copyright (c) 1996 - 2000, Marek Michałkiewicz
+ * Copyright (c) 2000 - 2006, Tomasz Kłoczko
+ * Copyright (c) 2007 - 2011, Nicolas François
+ * All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+ * are met:
+ * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ * 3. The name of the copyright holders or contributors may not be used to
+ *    endorse or promote products derived from this software without
+ *    specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+ * ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+ * LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A
+ * PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+ * HOLDERS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+ * SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+ * LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+ * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+ * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+ * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+ * OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+#include <config.h>
+
+#ident "$Id$"
+
+#include <ctype.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <getopt.h>
+#include <grp.h>
+#include <lastlog.h>
+#include <pwd.h>
+#ifdef ACCT_TOOLS_SETUID
+#ifdef USE_PAM
+#include "pam_defs.h"
+#endif				/* USE_PAM */
+#endif				/* ACCT_TOOLS_SETUID */
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <time.h>
+#include "chkname.h"
+#include "defines.h"
+#include "faillog.h"
+#include "getdef.h"
+#include "groupio.h"
+#include "nscd.h"
+#include "prototypes.h"
+#include "pwauth.h"
+#include "pwio.h"
+#ifdef	SHADOWGRP
+#include "sgroupio.h"
+#endif
+#include "shadowio.h"
+#ifdef ENABLE_SUBIDS
+#include "subordinateio.h"
+#endif				/* ENABLE_SUBIDS */
+#ifdef WITH_TCB
+#include "tcbfuncs.h"
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * exit status values
+ * for E_GRP_UPDATE and E_NOSPACE (not used yet), other update requests
+ * will be implemented (as documented in the Solaris 2.x man page).
+ */
+/*@-exitarg@*/
+#define E_SUCCESS	0	/* success */
+#define E_PW_UPDATE	1	/* can't update password file */
+#define E_USAGE		2	/* invalid command syntax */
+#define E_BAD_ARG	3	/* invalid argument to option */
+#define E_UID_IN_USE	4	/* UID already in use (and no -o) */
+/* #define E_BAD_PWFILE	5	   passwd file contains errors */
+#define E_NOTFOUND	6	/* specified user/group doesn't exist */
+#define E_USER_BUSY	8	/* user to modify is logged in */
+#define E_NAME_IN_USE	9	/* username already in use */
+#define E_GRP_UPDATE	10	/* can't update group file */
+/* #define E_NOSPACE	11	   insufficient space to move home dir */
+#define E_HOMEDIR	12	/* unable to complete home dir move */
+#define E_SE_UPDATE	13	/* can't update SELinux user mapping */
+#ifdef ENABLE_SUBIDS
+#define E_SUB_UID_UPDATE 16	/* can't update the subordinate uid file */
+#define E_SUB_GID_UPDATE 18	/* can't update the subordinate gid file */
+#endif				/* ENABLE_SUBIDS */
+
+#define	VALID(s)	(strcspn (s, ":\n") == strlen (s))
+
+/*
+ * Global variables
+ */
+const char *Prog;
+
+static char *user_name;
+static char *user_newname;
+static char *user_pass;
+static uid_t user_id;
+static uid_t user_newid;
+static gid_t user_gid;
+static gid_t user_newgid;
+static char *user_comment;
+static char *user_newcomment;
+static char *user_home;
+static char *user_newhome;
+static char *user_shell;
+#ifdef WITH_SELINUX
+static const char *user_selinux = "";
+#endif				/* WITH_SELINUX */
+static char *user_newshell;
+static long user_expire;
+static long user_newexpire;
+static long user_inactive;
+static long user_newinactive;
+static long sys_ngroups;
+static char **user_groups;	/* NULL-terminated list */
+
+static bool
+    aflg = false,		/* append to existing secondary group set */
+    cflg = false,		/* new comment (GECOS) field */
+    dflg = false,		/* new home directory */
+    eflg = false,		/* days since 1970-01-01 when account becomes expired */
+    fflg = false,		/* days until account with expired password is locked */
+    gflg = false,		/* new primary group ID */
+    Gflg = false,		/* new secondary group set */
+    Lflg = false,		/* lock the password */
+    lflg = false,		/* new user name */
+    mflg = false,		/* create user's home directory if it doesn't exist */
+    oflg = false,		/* permit non-unique user ID to be specified with -u */
+    pflg = false,		/* new encrypted password */
+    sflg = false,		/* new shell program */
+#ifdef WITH_SELINUX
+    Zflg = false,		/* new selinux user */
+#endif
+#ifdef ENABLE_SUBIDS
+    vflg = false,		/*    add subordinate uids */
+    Vflg = false,		/* delete subordinate uids */
+    wflg = false,		/*    add subordinate gids */
+    Wflg = false,		/* delete subordinate gids */
+#endif				/* ENABLE_SUBIDS */
+    uflg = false,		/* specify new user ID */
+    Uflg = false;		/* unlock the password */
+
+static bool is_shadow_pwd;
+
+#ifdef SHADOWGRP
+static bool is_shadow_grp;
+#endif
+
+#ifdef ENABLE_SUBIDS
+static bool is_sub_uid = false;
+static bool is_sub_gid = false;
+#endif				/* ENABLE_SUBIDS */
+
+static bool pw_locked  = false;
+static bool spw_locked = false;
+static bool gr_locked  = false;
+#ifdef SHADOWGRP
+static bool sgr_locked = false;
+#endif
+#ifdef ENABLE_SUBIDS
+static bool sub_uid_locked = false;
+static bool sub_gid_locked = false;
+#endif				/* ENABLE_SUBIDS */
+
+
+/* local function prototypes */
+static void date_to_str (/*@unique@*//*@out@*/char *buf, size_t maxsize,
+                         long int date);
+static int get_groups (char *);
+static /*@noreturn@*/void usage (int status);
+static void new_pwent (struct passwd *);
+static void new_spent (struct spwd *);
+static /*@noreturn@*/void fail_exit (int);
+static void update_group (void);
+
+#ifdef SHADOWGRP
+static void update_gshadow (void);
+#endif
+static void grp_update (void);
+
+static void process_flags (int, char **);
+static void close_files (void);
+static void open_files (void);
+static void usr_update (void);
+static void move_home (void);
+static void update_lastlog (void);
+static void update_faillog (void);
+
+#ifndef NO_MOVE_MAILBOX
+static void move_mailbox (void);
+#endif
+
+static void date_to_str (/*@unique@*//*@out@*/char *buf, size_t maxsize,
+                         long int date)
+{
+	struct tm *tp;
+
+	if (date < 0) {
+		strncpy (buf, "never", maxsize);
+	} else {
+		time_t t = (time_t) date;
+		tp = gmtime (&t);
+#ifdef HAVE_STRFTIME
+		strftime (buf, maxsize, "%Y-%m-%d", tp);
+#else
+		(void) snprintf (buf, maxsize, "%04d-%02d-%02d",
+		                 tp->tm_year + 1900,
+		                 tp->tm_mon + 1,
+		                 tp->tm_mday);
+#endif				/* HAVE_STRFTIME */
+	}
+	buf[maxsize - 1] = '\0';
+}
+
+/*
+ * get_groups - convert a list of group names to an array of group IDs
+ *
+ *	get_groups() takes a comma-separated list of group names and
+ *	converts it to a NULL-terminated array. Any unknown group names are
+ *	reported as errors.
+ */
+static int get_groups (char *list)
+{
+	char *cp;
+	const struct group *grp;
+	int errors = 0;
+	int ngroups = 0;
+
+	/*
+	 * Initialize the list to be empty
+	 */
+	user_groups[0] = (char *) 0;
+
+	if ('\0' == *list) {
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * So long as there is some data to be converted, strip off each
+	 * name and look it up. A mix of numerical and string values for
+	 * group identifiers is permitted.
+	 */
+	do {
+		/*
+		 * Strip off a single name from the list
+		 */
+		cp = strchr (list, ',');
+		if (NULL != cp) {
+			*cp = '\0';
+			cp++;
+		}
+
+		/*
+		 * Names starting with digits are treated as numerical GID
+		 * values, otherwise the string is looked up as is.
+		 */
+		grp = getgr_nam_gid (list);
+
+		/*
+		 * There must be a match, either by GID value or by
+		 * string name.
+		 */
+		if (NULL == grp) {
+			fprintf (stderr, _("%s: group '%s' does not exist\n"),
+			         Prog, list);
+			errors++;
+		}
+		list = cp;
+
+		/*
+		 * If the group doesn't exist, don't dump core. Instead,
+		 * try the next one.  --marekm
+		 */
+		if (NULL == grp) {
+			continue;
+		}
+
+#ifdef	USE_NIS
+		/*
+		 * Don't add this group if they are an NIS group. Tell the
+		 * user to go to the server for this group.
+		 */
+		if (__isgrNIS ()) {
+			fprintf (stderr,
+			         _("%s: group '%s' is a NIS group.\n"),
+			         Prog, grp->gr_name);
+			gr_free ((struct group *)grp);
+			continue;
+		}
+#endif
+
+		if (ngroups == sys_ngroups) {
+			fprintf (stderr,
+			         _("%s: too many groups specified (max %d).\n"),
+			         Prog, ngroups);
+			gr_free ((struct group *)grp);
+			break;
+		}
+
+		/*
+		 * Add the group name to the user's list of groups.
+		 */
+		user_groups[ngroups++] = xstrdup (grp->gr_name);
+		gr_free ((struct group *)grp);
+	} while (NULL != list);
+
+	user_groups[ngroups] = (char *) 0;
+
+	/*
+	 * Any errors in finding group names are fatal
+	 */
+	if (0 != errors) {
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+#ifdef ENABLE_SUBIDS
+struct ulong_range
+{
+	unsigned long first;
+	unsigned long last;
+};
+
+static struct ulong_range getulong_range(const char *str)
+{
+	struct ulong_range result = { .first = ULONG_MAX, .last = 0 };
+	long long first, last;
+	char *pos;
+
+	errno = 0;
+	first = strtoll(str, &pos, 10);
+	if (('\0' == *str) || ('-' != *pos ) || (ERANGE == errno) ||
+	    (first != (unsigned long int)first))
+		goto out;
+
+	errno = 0;
+	last = strtoll(pos + 1, &pos, 10);
+	if (('\0' != *pos ) || (ERANGE == errno) ||
+	    (last != (unsigned long int)last))
+		goto out;
+
+	if (first > last)
+		goto out;
+
+	result.first = (unsigned long int)first;
+	result.last = (unsigned long int)last;
+out:
+	return result;
+	
+}
+
+struct ulong_range_list_entry {
+	struct ulong_range_list_entry *next;
+	struct ulong_range range;
+};
+
+static struct ulong_range_list_entry *add_sub_uids = NULL, *del_sub_uids = NULL;
+static struct ulong_range_list_entry *add_sub_gids = NULL, *del_sub_gids = NULL;
+
+static int prepend_range(const char *str, struct ulong_range_list_entry **head)
+{
+	struct ulong_range range;
+	struct ulong_range_list_entry *entry;
+	range = getulong_range(str);
+	if (range.first > range.last)
+		return 0;
+
+	entry = malloc(sizeof(*entry));
+	if (!entry) {
+		fprintf (stderr,
+			_("%s: failed to allocate memory: %s\n"),
+			Prog, strerror (errno));
+		return 0;
+	}
+	entry->next = *head;
+	entry->range = range;
+	*head = entry;
+	return 1;
+}
+#endif				/* ENABLE_SUBIDS */
+
+/*
+ * usage - display usage message and exit
+ */
+static /*@noreturn@*/void usage (int status)
+{
+	FILE *usageout = (E_SUCCESS != status) ? stderr : stdout;
+	(void) fprintf (usageout,
+	                _("Usage: %s [options] LOGIN\n"
+	                  "\n"
+	                  "Options:\n"),
+	                Prog);
+	(void) fputs (_("  -c, --comment COMMENT         new value of the GECOS field\n"), usageout);
+	(void) fputs (_("  -d, --home HOME_DIR           new home directory for the user account\n"), usageout);
+	(void) fputs (_("  -e, --expiredate EXPIRE_DATE  set account expiration date to EXPIRE_DATE\n"), usageout);
+	(void) fputs (_("  -f, --inactive INACTIVE       set password inactive after expiration\n"
+	                "                                to INACTIVE\n"), usageout);
+	(void) fputs (_("  -g, --gid GROUP               force use GROUP as new primary group\n"), usageout);
+	(void) fputs (_("  -G, --groups GROUPS           new list of supplementary GROUPS\n"), usageout);
+	(void) fputs (_("  -a, --append                  append the user to the supplemental GROUPS\n"
+	                "                                mentioned by the -G option without removing\n"
+	                "                                him/her from other groups\n"), usageout);
+	(void) fputs (_("  -h, --help                    display this help message and exit\n"), usageout);
+	(void) fputs (_("  -l, --login NEW_LOGIN         new value of the login name\n"), usageout);
+	(void) fputs (_("  -L, --lock                    lock the user account\n"), usageout);
+	(void) fputs (_("  -m, --move-home               move contents of the home directory to the\n"
+	                "                                new location (use only with -d)\n"), usageout);
+	(void) fputs (_("  -o, --non-unique              allow using duplicate (non-unique) UID\n"), usageout);
+	(void) fputs (_("  -p, --password PASSWORD       use encrypted password for the new password\n"), usageout);
+	(void) fputs (_("  -R, --root CHROOT_DIR         directory to chroot into\n"), usageout);
+	(void) fputs (_("  -s, --shell SHELL             new login shell for the user account\n"), usageout);
+	(void) fputs (_("  -u, --uid UID                 new UID for the user account\n"), usageout);
+	(void) fputs (_("  -U, --unlock                  unlock the user account\n"), usageout);
+#ifdef ENABLE_SUBIDS
+	(void) fputs (_("  -v, --add-subuids FIRST-LAST  add range of subordinate uids\n"), usageout);
+	(void) fputs (_("  -V, --del-subuids FIRST-LAST  remove range of subordinate uids\n"), usageout);
+	(void) fputs (_("  -w, --add-subgids FIRST-LAST  add range of subordinate gids\n"), usageout);
+	(void) fputs (_("  -W, --del-subgids FIRST-LAST  remove range of subordinate gids\n"), usageout);
+#endif				/* ENABLE_SUBIDS */
+#ifdef WITH_SELINUX
+	(void) fputs (_("  -Z, --selinux-user SEUSER     new SELinux user mapping for the user account\n"), usageout);
+#endif				/* WITH_SELINUX */
+	(void) fputs ("\n", usageout);
+	exit (status);
+}
+
+/*
+ * update encrypted password string (for both shadow and non-shadow
+ * passwords)
+ */
+static char *new_pw_passwd (char *pw_pass)
+{
+	if (Lflg && ('!' != pw_pass[0])) {
+		char *buf = xmalloc (strlen (pw_pass) + 2);
+
+#ifdef WITH_AUDIT
+		audit_logger (AUDIT_USER_CHAUTHTOK, Prog,
+		              "updating passwd",
+		              user_newname, (unsigned int) user_newid, 0);
+#endif
+		SYSLOG ((LOG_INFO, "lock user '%s' password", user_newname));
+		strcpy (buf, "!");
+		strcat (buf, pw_pass);
+		pw_pass = buf;
+	} else if (Uflg && pw_pass[0] == '!') {
+		char *s;
+
+		if (pw_pass[1] == '\0') {
+			fprintf (stderr,
+			         _("%s: unlocking the user's password would result in a passwordless account.\n"
+			           "You should set a password with usermod -p to unlock this user's password.\n"),
+			         Prog);
+			return pw_pass;
+		}
+
+#ifdef WITH_AUDIT
+		audit_logger (AUDIT_USER_CHAUTHTOK, Prog,
+		              "updating password",
+		              user_newname, (unsigned int) user_newid, 0);
+#endif
+		SYSLOG ((LOG_INFO, "unlock user '%s' password", user_newname));
+		s = pw_pass;
+		while ('\0' != *s) {
+			*s = *(s + 1);
+			s++;
+		}
+	} else if (pflg) {
+#ifdef WITH_AUDIT
+		audit_logger (AUDIT_USER_CHAUTHTOK, Prog,
+		              "changing password",
+		              user_newname, (unsigned int) user_newid, 1);
+#endif
+		SYSLOG ((LOG_INFO, "change user '%s' password", user_newname));
+		pw_pass = xstrdup (user_pass);
+	}
+	return pw_pass;
+}
+
+/*
+ * new_pwent - initialize the values in a password file entry
+ *
+ *	new_pwent() takes all of the values that have been entered and fills
+ *	in a (struct passwd) with them.
+ */
+static void new_pwent (struct passwd *pwent)
+{
+	if (lflg) {
+		if (pw_locate (user_newname) != NULL) {
+			/* This should never happen.
+			 * It was already checked that the user doesn't
+			 * exist on the system.
+			 */
+			fprintf (stderr,
+			         _("%s: user '%s' already exists in %s\n"),
+			         Prog, user_newname, pw_dbname ());
+			fail_exit (E_NAME_IN_USE);
+		}
+#ifdef WITH_AUDIT
+		audit_logger (AUDIT_USER_CHAUTHTOK, Prog,
+		              "changing name",
+		              user_newname, (unsigned int) user_newid, 1);
+#endif
+		SYSLOG ((LOG_INFO,
+		         "change user name '%s' to '%s'",
+		         pwent->pw_name, user_newname));
+		pwent->pw_name = xstrdup (user_newname);
+	}
+	/* Update the password in passwd if there is no shadow file or if
+	 * the password is currently in passwd (pw_passwd != "x").
+	 * We do not force the usage of shadow passwords if they are not
+	 * used for this account.
+	 */
+	if (   (!is_shadow_pwd)
+	    || (strcmp (pwent->pw_passwd, SHADOW_PASSWD_STRING) != 0)) {
+		pwent->pw_passwd = new_pw_passwd (pwent->pw_passwd);
+	}
+
+	if (uflg) {
+#ifdef WITH_AUDIT
+		audit_logger (AUDIT_USER_CHAUTHTOK, Prog,
+		              "changing uid",
+		              user_newname, (unsigned int) user_newid, 1);
+#endif
+		SYSLOG ((LOG_INFO,
+		         "change user '%s' UID from '%d' to '%d'",
+		         pwent->pw_name, pwent->pw_uid, user_newid));
+		pwent->pw_uid = user_newid;
+	}
+	if (gflg) {
+#ifdef WITH_AUDIT
+		audit_logger (AUDIT_USER_CHAUTHTOK, Prog,
+		              "changing primary group",
+		              user_newname, (unsigned int) user_newid, 1);
+#endif
+		SYSLOG ((LOG_INFO,
+		         "change user '%s' GID from '%d' to '%d'",
+		         pwent->pw_name, pwent->pw_gid, user_newgid));
+		pwent->pw_gid = user_newgid;
+	}
+	if (cflg) {
+#ifdef WITH_AUDIT
+		audit_logger (AUDIT_USER_CHAUTHTOK, Prog,
+		              "changing comment",
+		              user_newname, (unsigned int) user_newid, 1);
+#endif
+		pwent->pw_gecos = user_newcomment;
+	}
+
+	if (dflg) {
+#ifdef WITH_AUDIT
+		audit_logger (AUDIT_USER_CHAUTHTOK, Prog,
+		              "changing home directory",
+		              user_newname, (unsigned int) user_newid, 1);
+#endif
+		SYSLOG ((LOG_INFO,
+		         "change user '%s' home from '%s' to '%s'",
+		         pwent->pw_name, pwent->pw_dir, user_newhome));
+		pwent->pw_dir = user_newhome;
+	}
+	if (sflg) {
+#ifdef WITH_AUDIT
+		audit_logger (AUDIT_USER_CHAUTHTOK, Prog,
+		              "changing user shell",
+		              user_newname, (unsigned int) user_newid, 1);
+#endif
+		SYSLOG ((LOG_INFO,
+		         "change user '%s' shell from '%s' to '%s'",
+		         pwent->pw_name, pwent->pw_shell, user_newshell));
+		pwent->pw_shell = user_newshell;
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * new_spent - initialize the values in a shadow password file entry
+ *
+ *	new_spent() takes all of the values that have been entered and fills
+ *	in a (struct spwd) with them.
+ */
+static void new_spent (struct spwd *spent)
+{
+	if (lflg) {
+		if (spw_locate (user_newname) != NULL) {
+			fprintf (stderr,
+			         _("%s: user '%s' already exists in %s\n"),
+			         Prog, user_newname, spw_dbname ());
+			fail_exit (E_NAME_IN_USE);
+		}
+		spent->sp_namp = xstrdup (user_newname);
+	}
+
+	if (fflg) {
+#ifdef WITH_AUDIT
+		audit_logger (AUDIT_USER_CHAUTHTOK, Prog,
+		              "changing inactive days",
+		              user_newname, (unsigned int) user_newid, 1);
+#endif
+		SYSLOG ((LOG_INFO,
+		         "change user '%s' inactive from '%ld' to '%ld'",
+		         spent->sp_namp, spent->sp_inact, user_newinactive));
+		spent->sp_inact = user_newinactive;
+	}
+	if (eflg) {
+		/* log dates rather than numbers of days. */
+		char new_exp[16], old_exp[16];
+		date_to_str (new_exp, sizeof(new_exp),
+		             user_newexpire * DAY);
+		date_to_str (old_exp, sizeof(old_exp),
+		             user_expire * DAY);
+#ifdef WITH_AUDIT
+		audit_logger (AUDIT_USER_CHAUTHTOK, Prog,
+		              "changing expiration date",
+		              user_newname, (unsigned int) user_newid, 1);
+#endif
+		SYSLOG ((LOG_INFO,
+		         "change user '%s' expiration from '%s' to '%s'",
+		         spent->sp_namp, old_exp, new_exp));
+		spent->sp_expire = user_newexpire;
+	}
+
+	/* Always update the shadowed password if there is a shadow entry
+	 * (even if shadowed passwords might not be enabled for this
+	 * account (pw_passwd != "x")).
+	 * It seems better to update the password in both places in case a
+	 * shadow and a non shadow entry exist.
+	 * This might occur if:
+	 *  + there were already both entries
+	 *  + aging has been requested
+	 */
+	spent->sp_pwdp = new_pw_passwd (spent->sp_pwdp);
+
+	if (pflg) {
+		spent->sp_lstchg = (long) gettime () / SCALE;
+		if (0 == spent->sp_lstchg) {
+			/* Better disable aging than requiring a password
+			 * change. */
+			spent->sp_lstchg = -1;
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * fail_exit - exit with an error code after unlocking files
+ */
+static /*@noreturn@*/void fail_exit (int code)
+{
+	if (gr_locked) {
+		if (gr_unlock () == 0) {
+			fprintf (stderr, _("%s: failed to unlock %s\n"), Prog, gr_dbname ());
+			SYSLOG ((LOG_ERR, "failed to unlock %s", gr_dbname ()));
+			/* continue */
+		}
+	}
+#ifdef	SHADOWGRP
+	if (sgr_locked) {
+		if (sgr_unlock () == 0) {
+			fprintf (stderr, _("%s: failed to unlock %s\n"), Prog, sgr_dbname ());
+			SYSLOG ((LOG_ERR, "failed to unlock %s", sgr_dbname ()));
+			/* continue */
+		}
+	}
+#endif
+	if (spw_locked) {
+		if (spw_unlock () == 0) {
+			fprintf (stderr, _("%s: failed to unlock %s\n"), Prog, spw_dbname ());
+			SYSLOG ((LOG_ERR, "failed to unlock %s", spw_dbname ()));
+			/* continue */
+		}
+	}
+	if (pw_locked) {
+		if (pw_unlock () == 0) {
+			fprintf (stderr, _("%s: failed to unlock %s\n"), Prog, pw_dbname ());
+			SYSLOG ((LOG_ERR, "failed to unlock %s", pw_dbname ()));
+			/* continue */
+		}
+	}
+#ifdef ENABLE_SUBIDS
+	if (sub_uid_locked) {
+		if (sub_uid_unlock () == 0) {
+			fprintf (stderr, _("%s: failed to unlock %s\n"), Prog, sub_uid_dbname ());
+			SYSLOG ((LOG_ERR, "failed to unlock %s", sub_uid_dbname ()));
+			/* continue */
+		}
+	}
+	if (sub_gid_locked) {
+		if (sub_gid_unlock () == 0) {
+			fprintf (stderr, _("%s: failed to unlock %s\n"), Prog, sub_gid_dbname ());
+			SYSLOG ((LOG_ERR, "failed to unlock %s", sub_gid_dbname ()));
+			/* continue */
+		}
+	}
+#endif				/* ENABLE_SUBIDS */
+
+#ifdef WITH_AUDIT
+	audit_logger (AUDIT_USER_CHAUTHTOK, Prog,
+	              "modifying account",
+	              user_name, AUDIT_NO_ID, 0);
+#endif
+	exit (code);
+}
+
+
+static void update_group (void)
+{
+	bool is_member;
+	bool was_member;
+	bool changed;
+	const struct group *grp;
+	struct group *ngrp;
+
+	changed = false;
+
+	/*
+	 * Scan through the entire group file looking for the groups that
+	 * the user is a member of.
+	 */
+	while ((grp = gr_next ()) != NULL) {
+		/*
+		 * See if the user specified this group as one of their
+		 * concurrent groups.
+		 */
+		was_member = is_on_list (grp->gr_mem, user_name);
+		is_member = Gflg && (   (was_member && aflg)
+		                     || is_on_list (user_groups, grp->gr_name));
+
+		if (!was_member && !is_member) {
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		ngrp = __gr_dup (grp);
+		if (NULL == ngrp) {
+			fprintf (stderr,
+			         _("%s: Out of memory. Cannot update %s.\n"),
+			         Prog, gr_dbname ());
+			fail_exit (E_GRP_UPDATE);
+		}
+
+		if (was_member) {
+			if ((!Gflg) || is_member) {
+				/* User was a member and is still a member
+				 * of this group.
+				 * But the user might have been renamed.
+				 */
+				if (lflg) {
+					ngrp->gr_mem = del_list (ngrp->gr_mem,
+					                         user_name);
+					ngrp->gr_mem = add_list (ngrp->gr_mem,
+					                         user_newname);
+					changed = true;
+#ifdef WITH_AUDIT
+					audit_logger (AUDIT_USER_CHAUTHTOK, Prog,
+					              "changing group member",
+					              user_newname, AUDIT_NO_ID, 1);
+#endif
+					SYSLOG ((LOG_INFO,
+					         "change '%s' to '%s' in group '%s'",
+					         user_name, user_newname,
+					         ngrp->gr_name));
+				}
+			} else {
+				/* User was a member but is no more a
+				 * member of this group.
+				 */
+				ngrp->gr_mem = del_list (ngrp->gr_mem, user_name);
+				changed = true;
+#ifdef WITH_AUDIT
+				audit_logger (AUDIT_USER_CHAUTHTOK, Prog,
+				              "removing group member",
+				              user_name, AUDIT_NO_ID, 1);
+#endif
+				SYSLOG ((LOG_INFO,
+				         "delete '%s' from group '%s'",
+				         user_name, ngrp->gr_name));
+			}
+		} else {
+			/* User was not a member but is now a member this
+			 * group.
+			 */
+			ngrp->gr_mem = add_list (ngrp->gr_mem, user_newname);
+			changed = true;
+#ifdef WITH_AUDIT
+			audit_logger (AUDIT_USER_CHAUTHTOK, Prog,
+			              "adding user to group",
+			              user_name, AUDIT_NO_ID, 1);
+#endif
+			SYSLOG ((LOG_INFO, "add '%s' to group '%s'",
+			         user_newname, ngrp->gr_name));
+		}
+		if (!changed) {
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		changed = false;
+		if (gr_update (ngrp) == 0) {
+			fprintf (stderr,
+			         _("%s: failed to prepare the new %s entry '%s'\n"),
+			         Prog, gr_dbname (), ngrp->gr_name);
+			SYSLOG ((LOG_WARN, "failed to prepare the new %s entry '%s'", gr_dbname (), ngrp->gr_name));
+			fail_exit (E_GRP_UPDATE);
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+#ifdef SHADOWGRP
+static void update_gshadow (void)
+{
+	bool is_member;
+	bool was_member;
+	bool was_admin;
+	bool changed;
+	const struct sgrp *sgrp;
+	struct sgrp *nsgrp;
+
+	changed = false;
+
+	/*
+	 * Scan through the entire shadow group file looking for the groups
+	 * that the user is a member of.
+	 */
+	while ((sgrp = sgr_next ()) != NULL) {
+
+		/*
+		 * See if the user was a member of this group
+		 */
+		was_member = is_on_list (sgrp->sg_mem, user_name);
+
+		/*
+		 * See if the user was an administrator of this group
+		 */
+		was_admin = is_on_list (sgrp->sg_adm, user_name);
+
+		/*
+		 * See if the user specified this group as one of their
+		 * concurrent groups.
+		 */
+		is_member = Gflg && (   (was_member && aflg)
+		                     || is_on_list (user_groups, sgrp->sg_name));
+
+		if (!was_member && !was_admin && !is_member) {
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		nsgrp = __sgr_dup (sgrp);
+		if (NULL == nsgrp) {
+			fprintf (stderr,
+			         _("%s: Out of memory. Cannot update %s.\n"),
+			         Prog, sgr_dbname ());
+			fail_exit (E_GRP_UPDATE);
+		}
+
+		if (was_admin && lflg) {
+			/* User was an admin of this group but the user
+			 * has been renamed.
+			 */
+			nsgrp->sg_adm = del_list (nsgrp->sg_adm, user_name);
+			nsgrp->sg_adm = add_list (nsgrp->sg_adm, user_newname);
+			changed = true;
+#ifdef WITH_AUDIT
+			audit_logger (AUDIT_USER_CHAUTHTOK, Prog,
+			              "changing admin name in shadow group",
+			              user_name, AUDIT_NO_ID, 1);
+#endif
+			SYSLOG ((LOG_INFO,
+			         "change admin '%s' to '%s' in shadow group '%s'",
+			         user_name, user_newname, nsgrp->sg_name));
+		}
+
+		if (was_member) {
+			if ((!Gflg) || is_member) {
+				/* User was a member and is still a member
+				 * of this group.
+				 * But the user might have been renamed.
+				 */
+				if (lflg) {
+					nsgrp->sg_mem = del_list (nsgrp->sg_mem,
+					                          user_name);
+					nsgrp->sg_mem = add_list (nsgrp->sg_mem,
+					                          user_newname);
+					changed = true;
+#ifdef WITH_AUDIT
+					audit_logger (AUDIT_USER_CHAUTHTOK, Prog,
+					              "changing member in shadow group",
+					              user_name, AUDIT_NO_ID, 1);
+#endif
+					SYSLOG ((LOG_INFO,
+					         "change '%s' to '%s' in shadow group '%s'",
+					         user_name, user_newname,
+					         nsgrp->sg_name));
+				}
+			} else {
+				/* User was a member but is no more a
+				 * member of this group.
+				 */
+				nsgrp->sg_mem = del_list (nsgrp->sg_mem, user_name);
+				changed = true;
+#ifdef WITH_AUDIT
+				audit_logger (AUDIT_USER_CHAUTHTOK, Prog,
+				              "removing user from shadow group",
+				              user_name, AUDIT_NO_ID, 1);
+#endif
+				SYSLOG ((LOG_INFO,
+				         "delete '%s' from shadow group '%s'",
+				         user_name, nsgrp->sg_name));
+			}
+		} else if (is_member) {
+			/* User was not a member but is now a member this
+			 * group.
+			 */
+			nsgrp->sg_mem = add_list (nsgrp->sg_mem, user_newname);
+			changed = true;
+#ifdef WITH_AUDIT
+			audit_logger (AUDIT_USER_CHAUTHTOK, Prog,
+			              "adding user to shadow group",
+			              user_newname, AUDIT_NO_ID, 1);
+#endif
+			SYSLOG ((LOG_INFO, "add '%s' to shadow group '%s'",
+			         user_newname, nsgrp->sg_name));
+		}
+		if (!changed) {
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		changed = false;
+
+		/* 
+		 * Update the group entry to reflect the changes.
+		 */
+		if (sgr_update (nsgrp) == 0) {
+			fprintf (stderr,
+			         _("%s: failed to prepare the new %s entry '%s'\n"),
+			         Prog, sgr_dbname (), nsgrp->sg_name);
+			SYSLOG ((LOG_WARN, "failed to prepare the new %s entry '%s'",
+			         sgr_dbname (), nsgrp->sg_name));
+			fail_exit (E_GRP_UPDATE);
+		}
+	}
+}
+#endif				/* SHADOWGRP */
+
+/*
+ * grp_update - add user to secondary group set
+ *
+ *	grp_update() takes the secondary group set given in user_groups and
+ *	adds the user to each group given by that set.
+ */
+static void grp_update (void)
+{
+	update_group ();
+#ifdef SHADOWGRP
+	if (is_shadow_grp) {
+		update_gshadow ();
+	}
+#endif
+}
+
+/*
+ * process_flags - perform command line argument setting
+ *
+ *	process_flags() interprets the command line arguments and sets the
+ *	values that the user will be created with accordingly. The values
+ *	are checked for sanity.
+ */
+static void process_flags (int argc, char **argv)
+{
+	const struct group *grp;
+
+	bool anyflag = false;
+
+	{
+		/*
+		 * Parse the command line options.
+		 */
+		int c;
+		static struct option long_options[] = {
+			{"append",       no_argument,       NULL, 'a'},
+			{"comment",      required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
+			{"home",         required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
+			{"expiredate",   required_argument, NULL, 'e'},
+			{"inactive",     required_argument, NULL, 'f'},
+			{"gid",          required_argument, NULL, 'g'},
+			{"groups",       required_argument, NULL, 'G'},
+			{"help",         no_argument,       NULL, 'h'},
+			{"login",        required_argument, NULL, 'l'},
+			{"lock",         no_argument,       NULL, 'L'},
+			{"move-home",    no_argument,       NULL, 'm'},
+			{"non-unique",   no_argument,       NULL, 'o'},
+			{"password",     required_argument, NULL, 'p'},
+			{"root",         required_argument, NULL, 'R'},
+			{"shell",        required_argument, NULL, 's'},
+			{"uid",          required_argument, NULL, 'u'},
+			{"unlock",       no_argument,       NULL, 'U'},
+#ifdef ENABLE_SUBIDS
+			{"add-subuids",  required_argument, NULL, 'v'},
+			{"del-subuids",  required_argument, NULL, 'V'},
+ 			{"add-subgids",  required_argument, NULL, 'w'},
+ 			{"del-subgids",  required_argument, NULL, 'W'},
+#endif				/* ENABLE_SUBIDS */
+#ifdef WITH_SELINUX
+			{"selinux-user", required_argument, NULL, 'Z'},
+#endif				/* WITH_SELINUX */
+			{NULL, 0, NULL, '\0'}
+		};
+		while ((c = getopt_long (argc, argv,
+		                         "ac:d:e:f:g:G:hl:Lmop:R:s:u:U"
+#ifdef ENABLE_SUBIDS
+		                         "v:w:V:W:"
+#endif				/* ENABLE_SUBIDS */
+#ifdef WITH_SELINUX
+			                 "Z:"
+#endif				/* WITH_SELINUX */
+			                 , long_options, NULL)) != -1) {
+			switch (c) {
+			case 'a':
+				aflg = true;
+				break;
+			case 'c':
+				if (!VALID (optarg)) {
+					fprintf (stderr,
+					         _("%s: invalid field '%s'\n"),
+					         Prog, optarg);
+					exit (E_BAD_ARG);
+				}
+				user_newcomment = optarg;
+				cflg = true;
+				break;
+			case 'd':
+				if (!VALID (optarg)) {
+					fprintf (stderr,
+					         _("%s: invalid field '%s'\n"),
+					         Prog, optarg);
+					exit (E_BAD_ARG);
+				}
+				dflg = true;
+				user_newhome = optarg;
+				break;
+			case 'e':
+				if ('\0' != *optarg) {
+					user_newexpire = strtoday (optarg);
+					if (user_newexpire < -1) {
+						fprintf (stderr,
+						         _("%s: invalid date '%s'\n"),
+						         Prog, optarg);
+						exit (E_BAD_ARG);
+					}
+					user_newexpire *= DAY / SCALE;
+				} else {
+					user_newexpire = -1;
+				}
+				eflg = true;
+				break;
+			case 'f':
+				if (   (getlong (optarg, &user_newinactive) == 0)
+				    || (user_newinactive < -1)) {
+					fprintf (stderr,
+					         _("%s: invalid numeric argument '%s'\n"),
+					         Prog, optarg);
+					exit (E_BAD_ARG);
+				}
+				fflg = true;
+				break;
+			case 'g':
+				grp = getgr_nam_gid (optarg);
+				if (NULL == grp) {
+					fprintf (stderr,
+					         _("%s: group '%s' does not exist\n"),
+					         Prog, optarg);
+					exit (E_NOTFOUND);
+				}
+				user_newgid = grp->gr_gid;
+				gflg = true;
+				break;
+			case 'G':
+				if (get_groups (optarg) != 0) {
+					exit (E_NOTFOUND);
+				}
+				Gflg = true;
+				break;
+			case 'h':
+				usage (E_SUCCESS);
+				/*@notreached@*/break;
+			case 'l':
+				if (!is_valid_user_name (optarg)) {
+					fprintf (stderr,
+					         _("%s: invalid user name '%s'\n"),
+					         Prog, optarg);
+					exit (E_BAD_ARG);
+				}
+				lflg = true;
+				user_newname = optarg;
+				break;
+			case 'L':
+				Lflg = true;
+				break;
+			case 'm':
+				mflg = true;
+				break;
+			case 'o':
+				oflg = true;
+				break;
+			case 'p':
+				user_pass = optarg;
+				pflg = true;
+				break;
+			case 'R': /* no-op, handled in process_root_flag () */
+				break;
+			case 's':
+				if (!VALID (optarg)) {
+					fprintf (stderr,
+					         _("%s: invalid field '%s'\n"),
+					         Prog, optarg);
+					exit (E_BAD_ARG);
+				}
+				user_newshell = optarg;
+				sflg = true;
+				break;
+			case 'u':
+				if (   (get_uid (optarg, &user_newid) ==0)
+				    || (user_newid == (uid_t)-1)) {
+					fprintf (stderr,
+					         _("%s: invalid user ID '%s'\n"),
+					         Prog, optarg);
+					exit (E_BAD_ARG);
+				}
+				uflg = true;
+				break;
+			case 'U':
+				Uflg = true;
+				break;
+#ifdef ENABLE_SUBIDS
+			case 'v':
+				if (prepend_range (optarg, &add_sub_uids) == 0) {
+					fprintf (stderr,
+						_("%s: invalid subordinate uid range '%s'\n"),
+						Prog, optarg);
+					exit(E_BAD_ARG);
+				}
+				vflg = true;
+				break;
+			case 'V':
+				if (prepend_range (optarg, &del_sub_uids) == 0) {
+					fprintf (stderr,
+						_("%s: invalid subordinate uid range '%s'\n"),
+						Prog, optarg);
+					exit(E_BAD_ARG);
+				}
+				Vflg = true;
+				break;
+			case 'w':
+				if (prepend_range (optarg, &add_sub_gids) == 0) {
+					fprintf (stderr,
+						_("%s: invalid subordinate gid range '%s'\n"),
+						Prog, optarg);
+					exit(E_BAD_ARG);
+				}
+				wflg = true;
+                break;
+			case 'W':
+				if (prepend_range (optarg, &del_sub_gids) == 0) {
+					fprintf (stderr,
+						_("%s: invalid subordinate gid range '%s'\n"),
+						Prog, optarg);
+					exit(E_BAD_ARG);
+				}
+				Wflg = true;
+				break;
+#endif				/* ENABLE_SUBIDS */
+#ifdef WITH_SELINUX
+			case 'Z':
+				if (is_selinux_enabled () > 0) {
+					user_selinux = optarg;
+					Zflg = true;
+				} else {
+					fprintf (stderr,
+					         _("%s: -Z requires SELinux enabled kernel\n"),
+					         Prog);
+					exit (E_BAD_ARG);
+				}
+				break;
+#endif				/* WITH_SELINUX */
+			default:
+				usage (E_USAGE);
+			}
+			anyflag = true;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (optind != argc - 1) {
+		usage (E_USAGE);
+	}
+
+	user_name = argv[argc - 1];
+
+	{
+		const struct passwd *pwd;
+		/* local, no need for xgetpwnam */
+		pwd = getpwnam (user_name);
+		if (NULL == pwd) {
+			fprintf (stderr,
+			         _("%s: user '%s' does not exist\n"),
+			         Prog, user_name);
+			exit (E_NOTFOUND);
+		}
+
+		user_id = pwd->pw_uid;
+		user_gid = pwd->pw_gid;
+		user_comment = xstrdup (pwd->pw_gecos);
+		user_home = xstrdup (pwd->pw_dir);
+		user_shell = xstrdup (pwd->pw_shell);
+	}
+
+	/* user_newname, user_newid, user_newgid can be used even when the
+	 * options where not specified. */
+	if (!lflg) {
+		user_newname = user_name;
+	}
+	if (!uflg) {
+		user_newid = user_id;
+	}
+	if (!gflg) {
+		user_newgid = user_gid;
+	}
+
+#ifdef	USE_NIS
+	/*
+	 * Now make sure it isn't an NIS user.
+	 */
+	if (__ispwNIS ()) {
+		char *nis_domain;
+		char *nis_master;
+
+		fprintf (stderr,
+		         _("%s: user %s is a NIS user\n"),
+		         Prog, user_name);
+
+		if (   !yp_get_default_domain (&nis_domain)
+		    && !yp_master (nis_domain, "passwd.byname", &nis_master)) {
+			fprintf (stderr,
+			         _("%s: %s is the NIS master\n"),
+			         Prog, nis_master);
+		}
+		exit (E_NOTFOUND);
+	}
+#endif
+
+	{
+		const struct spwd *spwd = NULL;
+		/* local, no need for xgetspnam */
+		if (is_shadow_pwd && ((spwd = getspnam (user_name)) != NULL)) {
+			user_expire = spwd->sp_expire;
+			user_inactive = spwd->sp_inact;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (!anyflag) {
+		fprintf (stderr, _("%s: no options\n"), Prog);
+		usage (E_USAGE);
+	}
+
+	if (aflg && (!Gflg)) {
+		fprintf (stderr,
+		         _("%s: %s flag is only allowed with the %s flag\n"),
+		         Prog, "-a", "-G");
+		usage (E_USAGE);
+	}
+
+	if ((Lflg && (pflg || Uflg)) || (pflg && Uflg)) {
+		fprintf (stderr,
+		         _("%s: the -L, -p, and -U flags are exclusive\n"),
+		         Prog);
+		usage (E_USAGE);
+	}
+
+	if (oflg && !uflg) {
+		fprintf (stderr,
+		         _("%s: %s flag is only allowed with the %s flag\n"),
+		         Prog, "-o", "-u");
+		usage (E_USAGE);
+	}
+
+	if (mflg && !dflg) {
+		fprintf (stderr,
+		         _("%s: %s flag is only allowed with the %s flag\n"),
+		         Prog, "-m", "-d");
+		usage (E_USAGE);
+	}
+
+	if (user_newid == user_id) {
+		uflg = false;
+		oflg = false;
+	}
+	if (user_newgid == user_gid) {
+		gflg = false;
+	}
+	if (   (NULL != user_newshell)
+	    && (strcmp (user_newshell, user_shell) == 0)) {
+		sflg = false;
+	}
+	if (strcmp (user_newname, user_name) == 0) {
+		lflg = false;
+	}
+	if (user_newinactive == user_inactive) {
+		fflg = false;
+	}
+	if (user_newexpire == user_expire) {
+		eflg = false;
+	}
+	if (   (NULL != user_newhome)
+	    && (strcmp (user_newhome, user_home) == 0)) {
+		dflg = false;
+		mflg = false;
+	}
+	if (   (NULL != user_newcomment)
+	    && (strcmp (user_newcomment, user_comment) == 0)) {
+		cflg = false;
+	}
+
+	if (!(Uflg || uflg || sflg || pflg || mflg || Lflg ||
+	      lflg || Gflg || gflg || fflg || eflg || dflg || cflg
+#ifdef ENABLE_SUBIDS
+	      || vflg || Vflg || wflg || Wflg
+#endif				/* ENABLE_SUBIDS */
+#ifdef WITH_SELINUX
+	      || Zflg
+#endif				/* WITH_SELINUX */
+	)) {
+		fprintf (stderr, _("%s: no changes\n"), Prog);
+		exit (E_SUCCESS);
+	}
+
+	if (!is_shadow_pwd && (eflg || fflg)) {
+		fprintf (stderr,
+		         _("%s: shadow passwords required for -e and -f\n"),
+		         Prog);
+		exit (E_USAGE);
+	}
+
+	/* local, no need for xgetpwnam */
+	if (lflg && (getpwnam (user_newname) != NULL)) {
+		fprintf (stderr,
+		         _("%s: user '%s' already exists\n"),
+		         Prog, user_newname);
+		exit (E_NAME_IN_USE);
+	}
+
+	/* local, no need for xgetpwuid */
+	if (uflg && !oflg && (getpwuid (user_newid) != NULL)) {
+		fprintf (stderr,
+		         _("%s: UID '%lu' already exists\n"),
+		         Prog, (unsigned long) user_newid);
+		exit (E_UID_IN_USE);
+	}
+
+#ifdef ENABLE_SUBIDS
+	if (   (vflg || Vflg)
+	    && !is_sub_uid) {
+		fprintf (stderr,
+		         _("%s: %s does not exist, you cannot use the flags %s or %s\n"),
+		         Prog, sub_uid_dbname (), "-v", "-V");
+		exit (E_USAGE);
+	}
+
+	if (   (wflg || Wflg)
+	    && !is_sub_gid) {
+		fprintf (stderr,
+		         _("%s: %s does not exist, you cannot use the flags %s or %s\n"),
+		         Prog, sub_gid_dbname (), "-w", "-W");
+		exit (E_USAGE);
+	}
+#endif				/* ENABLE_SUBIDS */
+}
+
+/*
+ * close_files - close all of the files that were opened
+ *
+ *	close_files() closes all of the files that were opened for this new
+ *	user. This causes any modified entries to be written out.
+ */
+static void close_files (void)
+{
+	if (pw_close () == 0) {
+		fprintf (stderr,
+		         _("%s: failure while writing changes to %s\n"),
+		         Prog, pw_dbname ());
+		SYSLOG ((LOG_ERR, "failure while writing changes to %s", pw_dbname ()));
+		fail_exit (E_PW_UPDATE);
+	}
+	if (is_shadow_pwd && (spw_close () == 0)) {
+		fprintf (stderr,
+		         _("%s: failure while writing changes to %s\n"),
+		         Prog, spw_dbname ());
+		SYSLOG ((LOG_ERR,
+		         "failure while writing changes to %s",
+		         spw_dbname ()));
+		fail_exit (E_PW_UPDATE);
+	}
+
+	if (Gflg || lflg) {
+		if (gr_close () == 0) {
+			fprintf (stderr,
+			         _("%s: failure while writing changes to %s\n"),
+			         Prog, gr_dbname ());
+			SYSLOG ((LOG_ERR,
+			         "failure while writing changes to %s",
+			         gr_dbname ()));
+			fail_exit (E_GRP_UPDATE);
+		}
+#ifdef SHADOWGRP
+		if (is_shadow_grp) {
+			if (sgr_close () == 0) {
+				fprintf (stderr,
+				         _("%s: failure while writing changes to %s\n"),
+				         Prog, sgr_dbname ());
+				SYSLOG ((LOG_ERR,
+				         "failure while writing changes to %s",
+				         sgr_dbname ()));
+				fail_exit (E_GRP_UPDATE);
+			}
+		}
+#endif
+#ifdef SHADOWGRP
+		if (is_shadow_grp) {
+			if (sgr_unlock () == 0) {
+				fprintf (stderr,
+				         _("%s: failed to unlock %s\n"),
+				         Prog, sgr_dbname ());
+				SYSLOG ((LOG_ERR,
+				         "failed to unlock %s",
+				         sgr_dbname ()));
+				/* continue */
+			}
+		}
+#endif
+		if (gr_unlock () == 0) {
+			fprintf (stderr,
+			         _("%s: failed to unlock %s\n"),
+			         Prog, gr_dbname ());
+			SYSLOG ((LOG_ERR,
+			         "failed to unlock %s",
+			         gr_dbname ()));
+			/* continue */
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (is_shadow_pwd) {
+		if (spw_unlock () == 0) {
+			fprintf (stderr,
+			         _("%s: failed to unlock %s\n"),
+			         Prog, spw_dbname ());
+			SYSLOG ((LOG_ERR,
+			         "failed to unlock %s",
+			         spw_dbname ()));
+			/* continue */
+		}
+	}
+	if (pw_unlock () == 0) {
+		fprintf (stderr,
+		         _("%s: failed to unlock %s\n"),
+		         Prog, pw_dbname ());
+		SYSLOG ((LOG_ERR, "failed to unlock %s", pw_dbname ()));
+		/* continue */
+	}
+
+	pw_locked = false;
+	spw_locked = false;
+	gr_locked = false;
+#ifdef	SHADOWGRP
+	sgr_locked = false;
+#endif
+
+#ifdef ENABLE_SUBIDS
+	if (vflg || Vflg) {
+		if (sub_uid_close () == 0) {
+			fprintf (stderr, _("%s: failure while writing changes to %s\n"), Prog, sub_uid_dbname ());
+			SYSLOG ((LOG_ERR, "failure while writing changes to %s", sub_uid_dbname ()));
+			fail_exit (E_SUB_UID_UPDATE);
+		}
+		if (sub_uid_unlock () == 0) {
+			fprintf (stderr, _("%s: failed to unlock %s\n"), Prog, sub_uid_dbname ());
+			SYSLOG ((LOG_ERR, "failed to unlock %s", sub_uid_dbname ()));
+			/* continue */
+		}
+		sub_uid_locked = false;
+	}
+	if (wflg || Wflg) {
+		if (sub_gid_close () == 0) {
+			fprintf (stderr, _("%s: failure while writing changes to %s\n"), Prog, sub_gid_dbname ());
+			SYSLOG ((LOG_ERR, "failure while writing changes to %s", sub_gid_dbname ()));
+			fail_exit (E_SUB_GID_UPDATE);
+		}
+		if (sub_gid_unlock () == 0) {
+			fprintf (stderr, _("%s: failed to unlock %s\n"), Prog, sub_gid_dbname ());
+			SYSLOG ((LOG_ERR, "failed to unlock %s", sub_gid_dbname ()));
+			/* continue */
+		}
+		sub_gid_locked = false;
+	}
+#endif				/* ENABLE_SUBIDS */
+
+	/*
+	 * Close the DBM and/or flat files
+	 */
+	endpwent ();
+	endspent ();
+	endgrent ();
+#ifdef	SHADOWGRP
+	endsgent ();
+#endif
+}
+
+/*
+ * open_files - lock and open the password files
+ *
+ *	open_files() opens the two password files.
+ */
+static void open_files (void)
+{
+	if (pw_lock () == 0) {
+		fprintf (stderr,
+		         _("%s: cannot lock %s; try again later.\n"),
+		         Prog, pw_dbname ());
+		fail_exit (E_PW_UPDATE);
+	}
+	pw_locked = true;
+	if (pw_open (O_CREAT | O_RDWR) == 0) {
+		fprintf (stderr,
+		         _("%s: cannot open %s\n"),
+		         Prog, pw_dbname ());
+		fail_exit (E_PW_UPDATE);
+	}
+	if (is_shadow_pwd && (spw_lock () == 0)) {
+		fprintf (stderr,
+		         _("%s: cannot lock %s; try again later.\n"),
+		         Prog, spw_dbname ());
+		fail_exit (E_PW_UPDATE);
+	}
+	spw_locked = true;
+	if (is_shadow_pwd && (spw_open (O_CREAT | O_RDWR) == 0)) {
+		fprintf (stderr,
+		         _("%s: cannot open %s\n"),
+		         Prog, spw_dbname ());
+		fail_exit (E_PW_UPDATE);
+	}
+
+	if (Gflg || lflg) {
+		/*
+		 * Lock and open the group file. This will load all of the
+		 * group entries.
+		 */
+		if (gr_lock () == 0) {
+			fprintf (stderr,
+			         _("%s: cannot lock %s; try again later.\n"),
+			         Prog, gr_dbname ());
+			fail_exit (E_GRP_UPDATE);
+		}
+		gr_locked = true;
+		if (gr_open (O_CREAT | O_RDWR) == 0) {
+			fprintf (stderr,
+			         _("%s: cannot open %s\n"),
+			         Prog, gr_dbname ());
+			fail_exit (E_GRP_UPDATE);
+		}
+#ifdef SHADOWGRP
+		if (is_shadow_grp && (sgr_lock () == 0)) {
+			fprintf (stderr,
+			         _("%s: cannot lock %s; try again later.\n"),
+			         Prog, sgr_dbname ());
+			fail_exit (E_GRP_UPDATE);
+		}
+		sgr_locked = true;
+		if (is_shadow_grp && (sgr_open (O_CREAT | O_RDWR) == 0)) {
+			fprintf (stderr,
+			         _("%s: cannot open %s\n"),
+			         Prog, sgr_dbname ());
+			fail_exit (E_GRP_UPDATE);
+		}
+#endif
+	}
+#ifdef ENABLE_SUBIDS
+	if (vflg || Vflg) {
+		if (sub_uid_lock () == 0) {
+			fprintf (stderr,
+			         _("%s: cannot lock %s; try again later.\n"),
+			         Prog, sub_uid_dbname ());
+			fail_exit (E_SUB_UID_UPDATE);
+		}
+		sub_uid_locked = true;
+		if (sub_uid_open (O_CREAT | O_RDWR) == 0) {
+			fprintf (stderr,
+			         _("%s: cannot open %s\n"),
+			         Prog, sub_uid_dbname ());
+			fail_exit (E_SUB_UID_UPDATE);
+		}
+	}
+	if (wflg || Wflg) {
+		if (sub_gid_lock () == 0) {
+			fprintf (stderr,
+			         _("%s: cannot lock %s; try again later.\n"),
+			         Prog, sub_gid_dbname ());
+			fail_exit (E_SUB_GID_UPDATE);
+		}
+		sub_gid_locked = true;
+		if (sub_gid_open (O_CREAT | O_RDWR) == 0) {
+			fprintf (stderr,
+			         _("%s: cannot open %s\n"),
+			         Prog, sub_gid_dbname ());
+			fail_exit (E_SUB_GID_UPDATE);
+		}
+	}
+#endif				/* ENABLE_SUBIDS */
+}
+
+/*
+ * usr_update - create the user entries
+ *
+ *	usr_update() creates the password file entries for this user and
+ *	will update the group entries if required.
+ */
+static void usr_update (void)
+{
+	struct passwd pwent;
+	const struct passwd *pwd;
+
+	struct spwd spent;
+	const struct spwd *spwd = NULL;
+
+	/*
+	 * Locate the entry in /etc/passwd, which MUST exist.
+	 */
+	pwd = pw_locate (user_name);
+	if (NULL == pwd) {
+		fprintf (stderr,
+		         _("%s: user '%s' does not exist in %s\n"),
+		         Prog, user_name, pw_dbname ());
+		fail_exit (E_NOTFOUND);
+	}
+	pwent = *pwd;
+	new_pwent (&pwent);
+
+
+	/* If the shadow file does not exist, it won't be created */
+	if (is_shadow_pwd) {
+		spwd = spw_locate (user_name);
+		if (NULL != spwd) {
+			/* Update the shadow entry if it exists */
+			spent = *spwd;
+			new_spent (&spent);
+		} else if (   (    pflg
+		               && (strcmp (pwent.pw_passwd, SHADOW_PASSWD_STRING) == 0))
+		           || eflg || fflg) {
+			/* In some cases, we force the creation of a
+			 * shadow entry:
+			 *  + new password requested and passwd indicates
+			 *    a shadowed password
+			 *  + aging information is requested
+			 */
+			memset (&spent, 0, sizeof spent);
+			spent.sp_namp   = user_name;
+
+			/* The user explicitly asked for a shadow feature.
+			 * Enable shadowed passwords for this new account.
+			 */
+			spent.sp_pwdp   = xstrdup (pwent.pw_passwd);
+			pwent.pw_passwd = xstrdup (SHADOW_PASSWD_STRING);
+
+			spent.sp_lstchg = (long) gettime () / SCALE;
+			if (0 == spent.sp_lstchg) {
+				/* Better disable aging than
+				 * requiring a password change */
+				spent.sp_lstchg = -1;
+			}
+			spent.sp_min    = getdef_num ("PASS_MIN_DAYS", -1);
+			spent.sp_max    = getdef_num ("PASS_MAX_DAYS", -1);
+			spent.sp_warn   = getdef_num ("PASS_WARN_AGE", -1);
+			spent.sp_inact  = -1;
+			spent.sp_expire = -1;
+			spent.sp_flag   = SHADOW_SP_FLAG_UNSET;
+			new_spent (&spent);
+			spwd = &spent; /* entry needs to be committed */
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (lflg || uflg || gflg || cflg || dflg || sflg || pflg
+	    || Lflg || Uflg) {
+		if (pw_update (&pwent) == 0) {
+			fprintf (stderr,
+			         _("%s: failed to prepare the new %s entry '%s'\n"),
+			         Prog, pw_dbname (), pwent.pw_name);
+			fail_exit (E_PW_UPDATE);
+		}
+		if (lflg && (pw_remove (user_name) == 0)) {
+			fprintf (stderr,
+			         _("%s: cannot remove entry '%s' from %s\n"),
+			         Prog, user_name, pw_dbname ());
+			fail_exit (E_PW_UPDATE);
+		}
+	}
+	if ((NULL != spwd) && (lflg || eflg || fflg || pflg || Lflg || Uflg)) {
+		if (spw_update (&spent) == 0) {
+			fprintf (stderr,
+			         _("%s: failed to prepare the new %s entry '%s'\n"),
+			         Prog, spw_dbname (), spent.sp_namp);
+			fail_exit (E_PW_UPDATE);
+		}
+		if (lflg && (spw_remove (user_name) == 0)) {
+			fprintf (stderr,
+			         _("%s: cannot remove entry '%s' from %s\n"),
+			         Prog, user_name, spw_dbname ());
+			fail_exit (E_PW_UPDATE);
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * move_home - move the user's home directory
+ *
+ *	move_home() moves the user's home directory to a new location. The
+ *	files will be copied if the directory cannot simply be renamed.
+ */
+static void move_home (void)
+{
+	struct stat sb;
+
+	if (access (user_newhome, F_OK) == 0) {
+		/*
+		 * If the new home directory already exist, the user
+		 * should not use -m.
+		 */
+		fprintf (stderr,
+		         _("%s: directory %s exists\n"),
+		         Prog, user_newhome);
+		fail_exit (E_HOMEDIR);
+	}
+
+	if (stat (user_home, &sb) == 0) {
+		/*
+		 * Don't try to move it if it is not a directory
+		 * (but /dev/null for example).  --marekm
+		 */
+		if (!S_ISDIR (sb.st_mode)) {
+			fprintf (stderr,
+			         _("%s: The previous home directory (%s) was "
+			           "not a directory. It is not removed and no "
+			           "home directories are created.\n"),
+			         Prog, user_home);
+			fail_exit (E_HOMEDIR);
+		}
+
+#ifdef WITH_AUDIT
+		if (uflg || gflg) {
+			audit_logger (AUDIT_USER_CHAUTHTOK, Prog,
+				      "changing home directory owner",
+				      user_newname, (unsigned int) user_newid, 1);
+		}
+#endif
+
+		if (rename (user_home, user_newhome) == 0) {
+			/* FIXME: rename above may have broken symlinks
+			 *        pointing to the user's home directory
+			 *        with an absolute path. */
+			if (chown_tree (user_newhome,
+			                user_id,  uflg ? user_newid  : (uid_t)-1,
+			                user_gid, gflg ? user_newgid : (gid_t)-1) != 0) {
+				fprintf (stderr,
+				         _("%s: Failed to change ownership of the home directory"),
+				         Prog);
+				fail_exit (E_HOMEDIR);
+			}
+#ifdef WITH_AUDIT
+			audit_logger (AUDIT_USER_CHAUTHTOK, Prog,
+			              "moving home directory",
+			              user_newname, (unsigned int) user_newid,
+			              1);
+#endif
+			return;
+		} else {
+			if (EXDEV == errno) {
+				if (copy_tree (user_home, user_newhome, true,
+				               true,
+				               user_id,
+				               uflg ? user_newid : (uid_t)-1,
+				               user_gid,
+				               gflg ? user_newgid : (gid_t)-1) == 0) {
+					if (remove_tree (user_home, true) != 0) {
+						fprintf (stderr,
+						         _("%s: warning: failed to completely remove old home directory %s"),
+						         Prog, user_home);
+					}
+#ifdef WITH_AUDIT
+					audit_logger (AUDIT_USER_CHAUTHTOK,
+					              Prog,
+					              "moving home directory",
+					              user_newname,
+					              (unsigned int) user_newid,
+					              1);
+#endif
+					return;
+				}
+
+				(void) remove_tree (user_newhome, true);
+			}
+			fprintf (stderr,
+			         _("%s: cannot rename directory %s to %s\n"),
+			         Prog, user_home, user_newhome);
+			fail_exit (E_HOMEDIR);
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * update_lastlog - update the lastlog file
+ *
+ * Relocate the "lastlog" entries for the user. The old entry is
+ * left alone in case the UID was shared. It doesn't hurt anything
+ * to just leave it be.
+ */
+static void update_lastlog (void)
+{
+	struct lastlog ll;
+	int fd;
+	off_t off_uid = (off_t) user_id * sizeof ll;
+	off_t off_newuid = (off_t) user_newid * sizeof ll;
+
+	if (access (LASTLOG_FILE, F_OK) != 0) {
+		return;
+	}
+
+	fd = open (LASTLOG_FILE, O_RDWR);
+
+	if (-1 == fd) {
+		fprintf (stderr,
+		         _("%s: failed to copy the lastlog entry of user %lu to user %lu: %s\n"),
+		         Prog, (unsigned long) user_id, (unsigned long) user_newid, strerror (errno));
+		return;
+	}
+
+	if (   (lseek (fd, off_uid, SEEK_SET) == off_uid)
+	    && (read (fd, &ll, sizeof ll) == (ssize_t) sizeof ll)) {
+		/* Copy the old entry to its new location */
+		if (   (lseek (fd, off_newuid, SEEK_SET) != off_newuid)
+		    || (write (fd, &ll, sizeof ll) != (ssize_t) sizeof ll)
+		    || (fsync (fd) != 0)
+		    || (close (fd) != 0)) {
+			fprintf (stderr,
+			         _("%s: failed to copy the lastlog entry of user %lu to user %lu: %s\n"),
+			         Prog, (unsigned long) user_id, (unsigned long) user_newid, strerror (errno));
+		}
+	} else {
+		/* Assume lseek or read failed because there is
+		 * no entry for the old UID */
+
+		/* Check if the new UID already has an entry */
+		if (   (lseek (fd, off_newuid, SEEK_SET) == off_newuid)
+		    && (read (fd, &ll, sizeof ll) == (ssize_t) sizeof ll)) {
+			/* Reset the new uid's lastlog entry */
+			memzero (&ll, sizeof (ll));
+			if (   (lseek (fd, off_newuid, SEEK_SET) != off_newuid)
+			    || (write (fd, &ll, sizeof ll) != (ssize_t) sizeof ll)
+			    || (fsync (fd) != 0)
+			    || (close (fd) != 0)) {
+				fprintf (stderr,
+				         _("%s: failed to copy the lastlog entry of user %lu to user %lu: %s\n"),
+				         Prog, (unsigned long) user_id, (unsigned long) user_newid, strerror (errno));
+			}
+		} else {
+			(void) close (fd);
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * update_faillog - update the faillog file
+ *
+ * Relocate the "faillog" entries for the user. The old entry is
+ * left alone in case the UID was shared. It doesn't hurt anything
+ * to just leave it be.
+ */
+static void update_faillog (void)
+{
+	struct faillog fl;
+	int fd;
+	off_t off_uid = (off_t) user_id * sizeof fl;
+	off_t off_newuid = (off_t) user_newid * sizeof fl;
+
+	if (access (FAILLOG_FILE, F_OK) != 0) {
+		return;
+	}
+
+	fd = open (FAILLOG_FILE, O_RDWR);
+
+	if (-1 == fd) {
+		fprintf (stderr,
+		         _("%s: failed to copy the faillog entry of user %lu to user %lu: %s\n"),
+		         Prog, (unsigned long) user_id, (unsigned long) user_newid, strerror (errno));
+		return;
+	}
+
+	if (   (lseek (fd, off_uid, SEEK_SET) == off_uid)
+	    && (read (fd, (char *) &fl, sizeof fl) == (ssize_t) sizeof fl)) {
+		/* Copy the old entry to its new location */
+		if (   (lseek (fd, off_newuid, SEEK_SET) != off_newuid)
+		    || (write (fd, &fl, sizeof fl) != (ssize_t) sizeof fl)
+		    || (fsync (fd) != 0)
+		    || (close (fd) != 0)) {
+			fprintf (stderr,
+			         _("%s: failed to copy the faillog entry of user %lu to user %lu: %s\n"),
+			         Prog, (unsigned long) user_id, (unsigned long) user_newid, strerror (errno));
+		}
+	} else {
+		/* Assume lseek or read failed because there is
+		 * no entry for the old UID */
+
+		/* Check if the new UID already has an entry */
+		if (   (lseek (fd, off_newuid, SEEK_SET) == off_newuid)
+		    && (read (fd, &fl, sizeof fl) == (ssize_t) sizeof fl)) {
+			/* Reset the new uid's faillog entry */
+			memzero (&fl, sizeof (fl));
+			if (   (lseek (fd, off_newuid, SEEK_SET) != off_newuid)
+			    || (write (fd, &fl, sizeof fl) != (ssize_t) sizeof fl)
+			    || (close (fd) != 0)) {
+				fprintf (stderr,
+				         _("%s: failed to copy the faillog entry of user %lu to user %lu: %s\n"),
+				         Prog, (unsigned long) user_id, (unsigned long) user_newid, strerror (errno));
+			}
+		} else {
+			(void) close (fd);
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+#ifndef NO_MOVE_MAILBOX
+/*
+ * This is the new and improved code to carefully chown/rename the user's
+ * mailbox. Maybe I am too paranoid but the mail spool dir sometimes
+ * happens to be mode 1777 (this makes mail user agents work without
+ * being setgid mail, but is NOT recommended; they all should be fixed
+ * to use movemail).  --marekm
+ */
+static void move_mailbox (void)
+{
+	const char *maildir;
+	char mailfile[1024], newmailfile[1024];
+	int fd;
+	struct stat st;
+
+	maildir = getdef_str ("MAIL_DIR");
+#ifdef MAIL_SPOOL_DIR
+	if ((NULL == maildir) && (getdef_str ("MAIL_FILE") == NULL)) {
+		maildir = MAIL_SPOOL_DIR;
+	}
+#endif
+	if (NULL == maildir) {
+		return;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * O_NONBLOCK is to make sure open won't hang on mandatory locks.
+	 * We do fstat/fchown to make sure there are no races (someone
+	 * replacing /var/spool/mail/luser with a hard link to /etc/passwd
+	 * between stat and chown).  --marekm
+	 */
+	(void) snprintf (mailfile, sizeof mailfile, "%s/%s",
+	                 maildir, user_name);
+	mailfile[(sizeof mailfile) - 1] = '\0';
+	fd = open (mailfile, O_RDONLY | O_NONBLOCK, 0);
+	if (fd < 0) {
+		/* no need for warnings if the mailbox doesn't exist */
+		if (errno != ENOENT) {
+			perror (mailfile);
+		}
+		return;
+	}
+	if (fstat (fd, &st) < 0) {
+		perror ("fstat");
+		(void) close (fd);
+		return;
+	}
+	if (st.st_uid != user_id) {
+		/* better leave it alone */
+		fprintf (stderr, _("%s: warning: %s not owned by %s\n"),
+		         Prog, mailfile, user_name);
+		(void) close (fd);
+		return;
+	}
+	if (uflg) {
+		if (fchown (fd, user_newid, (gid_t) -1) < 0) {
+			perror (_("failed to change mailbox owner"));
+		}
+#ifdef WITH_AUDIT
+		else {
+			audit_logger (AUDIT_USER_CHAUTHTOK, Prog,
+			              "changing mail file owner",
+			              user_newname, (unsigned int) user_newid, 1);
+		}
+#endif
+	}
+
+	(void) close (fd);
+
+	if (lflg) {
+		(void) snprintf (newmailfile, sizeof newmailfile, "%s/%s",
+		                 maildir, user_newname);
+		newmailfile[(sizeof newmailfile) - 1] = '\0';
+		if (   (link (mailfile, newmailfile) != 0)
+		    || (unlink (mailfile) != 0)) {
+			perror (_("failed to rename mailbox"));
+		}
+#ifdef WITH_AUDIT
+		else {
+			audit_logger (AUDIT_USER_CHAUTHTOK, Prog,
+			              "changing mail file name",
+			              user_newname, (unsigned int) user_newid, 1);
+		}
+#endif
+	}
+}
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * main - usermod command
+ */
+int main (int argc, char **argv)
+{
+#ifdef ACCT_TOOLS_SETUID
+#ifdef USE_PAM
+	pam_handle_t *pamh = NULL;
+	int retval;
+#endif				/* USE_PAM */
+#endif				/* ACCT_TOOLS_SETUID */
+
+	/*
+	 * Get my name so that I can use it to report errors.
+	 */
+	Prog = Basename (argv[0]);
+
+	(void) setlocale (LC_ALL, "");
+	(void) bindtextdomain (PACKAGE, LOCALEDIR);
+	(void) textdomain (PACKAGE);
+
+	process_root_flag ("-R", argc, argv);
+
+	OPENLOG ("usermod");
+#ifdef WITH_AUDIT
+	audit_help_open ();
+#endif
+
+	sys_ngroups = sysconf (_SC_NGROUPS_MAX);
+	user_groups = (char **) malloc (sizeof (char *) * (1 + sys_ngroups));
+	user_groups[0] = (char *) 0;
+
+	is_shadow_pwd = spw_file_present ();
+#ifdef SHADOWGRP
+	is_shadow_grp = sgr_file_present ();
+#endif
+#ifdef ENABLE_SUBIDS
+	is_sub_uid = sub_uid_file_present ();
+	is_sub_gid = sub_gid_file_present ();
+#endif				/* ENABLE_SUBIDS */
+
+	process_flags (argc, argv);
+
+	/*
+	 * The home directory, the username and the user's UID should not
+	 * be changed while the user is logged in.
+	 */
+	if (   (uflg || lflg || dflg
+#ifdef ENABLE_SUBIDS
+	        || Vflg || Wflg
+#endif				/* ENABLE_SUBIDS */
+	       )
+	    && (user_busy (user_name, user_id) != 0)) {
+		exit (E_USER_BUSY);
+	}
+
+#ifdef ACCT_TOOLS_SETUID
+#ifdef USE_PAM
+	{
+		struct passwd *pampw;
+		pampw = getpwuid (getuid ()); /* local, no need for xgetpwuid */
+		if (pampw == NULL) {
+			fprintf (stderr,
+			         _("%s: Cannot determine your user name.\n"),
+			         Prog);
+			exit (1);
+		}
+
+		retval = pam_start ("usermod", pampw->pw_name, &conv, &pamh);
+	}
+
+	if (PAM_SUCCESS == retval) {
+		retval = pam_authenticate (pamh, 0);
+	}
+
+	if (PAM_SUCCESS == retval) {
+		retval = pam_acct_mgmt (pamh, 0);
+	}
+
+	if (PAM_SUCCESS != retval) {
+		fprintf (stderr, _("%s: PAM: %s\n"),
+		         Prog, pam_strerror (pamh, retval));
+		SYSLOG((LOG_ERR, "%s", pam_strerror (pamh, retval)));
+		if (NULL != pamh) {
+			(void) pam_end (pamh, retval);
+		}
+		exit (1);
+	}
+	(void) pam_end (pamh, retval);
+#endif				/* USE_PAM */
+#endif				/* ACCT_TOOLS_SETUID */
+
+#ifdef WITH_TCB
+	if (shadowtcb_set_user (user_name) == SHADOWTCB_FAILURE) {
+		exit (E_PW_UPDATE);
+	}
+#endif
+
+	/*
+	 * Do the hard stuff - open the files, change the user entries,
+	 * change the home directory, then close and update the files.
+	 */
+	open_files ();
+	if (   cflg || dflg || eflg || fflg || gflg || Lflg || lflg || pflg
+	    || sflg || uflg || Uflg) {
+		usr_update ();
+	}
+	if (Gflg || lflg) {
+		grp_update ();
+	}
+#ifdef ENABLE_SUBIDS
+	if (Vflg) {
+		struct ulong_range_list_entry *ptr;
+		for (ptr = del_sub_uids; ptr != NULL; ptr = ptr->next) {
+			unsigned long count = ptr->range.last - ptr->range.first + 1;
+			if (sub_uid_remove(user_name, ptr->range.first, count) == 0) {
+				fprintf (stderr,
+					_("%s: failed to remove uid range %lu-%lu from '%s'\n"),
+					Prog, ptr->range.first, ptr->range.last, 
+					sub_uid_dbname ());
+				fail_exit (E_SUB_UID_UPDATE);
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	if (vflg) {
+		struct ulong_range_list_entry *ptr;
+		for (ptr = add_sub_uids; ptr != NULL; ptr = ptr->next) {
+			unsigned long count = ptr->range.last - ptr->range.first + 1;
+			if (sub_uid_add(user_name, ptr->range.first, count) == 0) {
+				fprintf (stderr,
+					_("%s: failed to add uid range %lu-%lu to '%s'\n"),
+					Prog, ptr->range.first, ptr->range.last, 
+					sub_uid_dbname ());
+				fail_exit (E_SUB_UID_UPDATE);
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	if (Wflg) {
+		struct ulong_range_list_entry *ptr;
+		for (ptr = del_sub_gids; ptr != NULL; ptr = ptr->next) {
+			unsigned long count = ptr->range.last - ptr->range.first + 1;
+			if (sub_gid_remove(user_name, ptr->range.first, count) == 0) {
+				fprintf (stderr,
+					_("%s: failed to remove gid range %lu-%lu from '%s'\n"),
+					Prog, ptr->range.first, ptr->range.last, 
+					sub_gid_dbname ());
+				fail_exit (E_SUB_GID_UPDATE);
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	if (wflg) {
+		struct ulong_range_list_entry *ptr;
+		for (ptr = add_sub_gids; ptr != NULL; ptr = ptr->next) {
+			unsigned long count = ptr->range.last - ptr->range.first + 1;
+			if (sub_gid_add(user_name, ptr->range.first, count) == 0) {
+				fprintf (stderr,
+					_("%s: failed to add gid range %lu-%lu to '%s'\n"),
+					Prog, ptr->range.first, ptr->range.last, 
+					sub_gid_dbname ());
+				fail_exit (E_SUB_GID_UPDATE);
+			}
+		}
+	}
+#endif				/* ENABLE_SUBIDS */
+	close_files ();
+
+#ifdef WITH_TCB
+	if (   (lflg || uflg)
+	    && (shadowtcb_move (user_newname, user_newid) == SHADOWTCB_FAILURE) ) {
+		exit (E_PW_UPDATE);
+	}
+#endif
+
+	nscd_flush_cache ("passwd");
+	nscd_flush_cache ("group");
+
+#ifdef WITH_SELINUX
+	if (Zflg) {
+		if ('\0' != *user_selinux) {
+			if (set_seuser (user_name, user_selinux) != 0) {
+				fprintf (stderr,
+				         _("%s: warning: the user name %s to %s SELinux user mapping failed.\n"),
+				         Prog, user_name, user_selinux);
+#ifdef WITH_AUDIT
+				audit_logger (AUDIT_USER_CHAUTHTOK, Prog,
+				              "modifying User mapping ",
+				              user_name, (unsigned int) user_id,
+				              SHADOW_AUDIT_FAILURE);
+#endif				/* WITH_AUDIT */
+				fail_exit (E_SE_UPDATE);
+			}
+		} else {
+			if (del_seuser (user_name) != 0) {
+				fprintf (stderr,
+				         _("%s: warning: the user name %s to SELinux user mapping removal failed.\n"),
+				         Prog, user_name);
+#ifdef WITH_AUDIT
+				audit_logger (AUDIT_ADD_USER, Prog,
+				              "removing SELinux user mapping",
+				              user_name, (unsigned int) user_id,
+				              SHADOW_AUDIT_FAILURE);
+#endif				/* WITH_AUDIT */
+				fail_exit (E_SE_UPDATE);
+			}
+		}
+	}
+#endif				/* WITH_SELINUX */
+
+	if (mflg) {
+		move_home ();
+	}
+
+#ifndef NO_MOVE_MAILBOX
+	if (lflg || uflg) {
+		move_mailbox ();
+	}
+#endif				/* NO_MOVE_MAILBOX */
+
+	if (uflg) {
+		update_lastlog ();
+		update_faillog ();
+	}
+
+	if (!mflg && (uflg || gflg)) {
+		if (access (dflg ? user_newhome : user_home, F_OK) == 0) {
+			/*
+			 * Change the UID on all of the files owned by
+			 * `user_id' to `user_newid' in the user's home
+			 * directory.
+			 *
+			 * move_home() already takes care of changing the
+			 * ownership.
+			 *
+			 */
+#ifdef WITH_AUDIT
+			if (uflg || gflg) {
+				audit_logger (AUDIT_USER_CHAUTHTOK, Prog,
+					      "changing home directory owner",
+					      user_newname, (unsigned int) user_newid, 1);
+			}
+#endif
+			if (chown_tree (dflg ? user_newhome : user_home,
+			                user_id,
+			                uflg ? user_newid  : (uid_t)-1,
+			                user_gid,
+			                gflg ? user_newgid : (gid_t)-1) != 0) {
+				fprintf (stderr,
+				         _("%s: Failed to change ownership of the home directory"),
+				         Prog);
+				fail_exit (E_HOMEDIR);
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	return E_SUCCESS;
+}
+