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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!--
Copyright (c) 1992 , Julianne Frances Haugh
Copyright (c) 1992 , Phillip Street
Copyright (c) 2007 - 2011, Nicolas François
All rights reserved.
Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
are met:
1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
3. The name of the copyright holders or contributors may not be used to
endorse or promote products derived from this software without
specific prior written permission.
THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A
PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
HOLDERS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
(INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
-->
<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook V4.5//EN"
"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
<!-- SHADOW-CONFIG-HERE -->
]>
<refentry id='lastlog.8'>
<!-- $Id$ -->
<refentryinfo>
<author>
<firstname>Julianne Frances</firstname>
<surname>Haugh</surname>
<contrib>Creation, 1992</contrib>
</author>
<author>
<firstname>Thomas</firstname>
<surname>Kłoczko</surname>
<email>kloczek@pld.org.pl</email>
<contrib>shadow-utils maintainer, 2000 - 2007</contrib>
</author>
<author>
<firstname>Nicolas</firstname>
<surname>François</surname>
<email>nicolas.francois@centraliens.net</email>
<contrib>shadow-utils maintainer, 2007 - now</contrib>
</author>
</refentryinfo>
<refmeta>
<refentrytitle>lastlog</refentrytitle>
<manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
<refmiscinfo class="sectdesc">System Management Commands</refmiscinfo>
<refmiscinfo class="source">shadow-utils</refmiscinfo>
<refmiscinfo class="version">&SHADOW_UTILS_VERSION;</refmiscinfo>
</refmeta>
<refnamediv id='name'>
<refname>lastlog</refname>
<refpurpose>reports the most recent login of all users or of a given user</refpurpose>
</refnamediv>
<!-- body begins here -->
<refsynopsisdiv id='synopsis'>
<cmdsynopsis>
<command>lastlog</command>
<arg choice='opt'>
<replaceable>options</replaceable>
</arg>
</cmdsynopsis>
</refsynopsisdiv>
<refsect1 id='description'>
<title>DESCRIPTION</title>
<para>
<command>lastlog</command> formats and prints the contents of the last
login log <filename>/var/log/lastlog</filename> file. The
<emphasis>login-name</emphasis>, <emphasis>port</emphasis>, and
<emphasis>last login time</emphasis> will be printed. The default (no
flags) causes lastlog entries to be printed, sorted by their order in
<filename>/etc/passwd</filename>.
</para>
</refsect1>
<refsect1 id='options'>
<title>OPTIONS</title>
<para>
The options which apply to the <command>lastlog</command> command are:
</para>
<variablelist remap='IP'>
<varlistentry>
<term>
<option>-b</option>, <option>--before</option> <replaceable>DAYS</replaceable>
</term>
<listitem>
<para>
Print only lastlog records older than <emphasis remap='I'>DAYS</emphasis>.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>
<option>-C</option>, <option>--clear</option>
</term>
<listitem>
<para>
Clear lastlog record of a user. This option can be used only together
with <option>-u</option> (<option>--user</option>)).
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>
<option>-h</option>, <option>--help</option>
</term>
<listitem>
<para>Display help message and exit.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>
<option>-R</option>, <option>--root</option> <replaceable>CHROOT_DIR</replaceable>
</term>
<listitem>
<para>
Apply changes in the <replaceable>CHROOT_DIR</replaceable>
directory and use the configuration files from the
<replaceable>CHROOT_DIR</replaceable> directory.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>
<option>-S</option>, <option>--set</option>
</term>
<listitem>
<para>
Set lastlog record of a user to the current time. This option can be
used only together with <option>-u</option> (<option>--user</option>)).
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>
<option>-t</option>, <option>--time</option> <replaceable>DAYS</replaceable>
</term>
<listitem>
<para>
Print the lastlog records more recent than
<emphasis remap='I'>DAYS</emphasis>.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>
<option>-u</option>, <option>--user</option> <replaceable>LOGIN</replaceable>|<replaceable>RANGE</replaceable>
</term>
<listitem>
<para>
Print the lastlog record of the specified user(s).
</para>
<para>
The users can be specified by a login name, a numerical user ID,
or a <replaceable>RANGE</replaceable> of users. This
<replaceable>RANGE</replaceable> of users can be specified with a
min and max values (<replaceable>UID_MIN-UID_MAX</replaceable>), a
max value (<replaceable>-UID_MAX</replaceable>), or a min value
(<replaceable>UID_MIN-</replaceable>).
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
<para>
If the user has never logged in the message <emphasis>** Never logged
in**</emphasis> will be displayed instead of the port and time.
</para>
<para>
Only the entries for the current users of the system will be
displayed. Other entries may exist for users that were deleted
previously.
</para>
</refsect1>
<refsect1 id='note'>
<title>NOTE</title>
<para>
The <filename>lastlog</filename> file is a database which contains info
on the last login of each user. You should not rotate it. It is a sparse
file, so its size on the disk is usually much smaller than the one shown
by "<command>ls -l</command>" (which can indicate a really big file if
you have in <filename>passwd</filename> users with a high UID). You can
display its real size with "<command>ls -s</command>".
</para>
</refsect1>
<refsect1 id='files'>
<title>FILES</title>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><filename>/var/log/lastlog</filename></term>
<listitem>
<para>Database times of previous user logins.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</refsect1>
<refsect1 id='caveats'>
<title>CAVEATS</title>
<para>
Large gaps in UID numbers will cause the lastlog program to run
longer with no output to the screen (i.e. if in lastlog database there
is no entries for users with UID between 170 and 800 lastlog will appear
to hang as it processes entries with UIDs 171-799).
</para>
</refsect1>
</refentry>
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