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+Troubleshooting tips and FAQ for Sudo
+=====================================
+
+Q) When I run configure, it says "C compiler cannot create executables".
+A) This usually means you either don't have a working compiler. This
+ could be due to the lack of a license or that some component of the
+ compiler suite could not be found. Check config.log for clues as
+ to why this is happening. On many systems, compiler components live
+ in /usr/ccs/bin which may not be in your PATH environment variable.
+
+Q) When I run configure, it says "sudo requires the 'ar' utility to build".
+A) As part of the build process, sudo creates a temporary library containing
+ objects that are shared amongst the different sudo executables.
+ On Unix systems, the "ar" utility is used to do this. This error
+ indicates that "ar" is missing on your system. On Solaris systems,
+ you may need to install the SUNWbtool package. On other systems
+ "ar" may be included in the GNU binutils package.
+
+Q) Sudo compiles and installs OK but when I try to run it I get:
+ /usr/local/bin/sudo must be owned by uid 0 and have the setuid bit set
+A) Sudo must be setuid root to do its work. Either /usr/local/bin/sudo
+ is not owned by uid 0 or the setuid bit is not set. This should have
+ been done for you by "make install" but you can fix it manually by
+ running the following as root:
+ # chown root /usr/local/bin/sudo; chmod 4755 /usr/local/bin/sudo
+
+Q) Sudo compiles and installs OK but when I try to run it I get:
+ effective uid is not 0, is /usr/local/bin/sudo on a file system with the
+ 'nosuid' option set or an NFS file system without root privileges?
+A) The owner and permissions on the sudo binary appear to be OK but when
+ sudo ran, the setuid bit did not have an effect. There are two common
+ causes for this. The first is that the file system the sudo binary
+ is located on is mounted with the 'nosuid' mount option, which disables
+ setuid binaries. The output of the "mount" command should tell you if
+ the file system is mounted with the 'nosuid' option. The other possible
+ cause is that sudo is installed on an NFS-mounted file system that is
+ exported without root privileges. By default, NFS file systems are
+ exported with uid 0 mapped to a non-privileged uid (usually -2). You
+ should be able to determine whether sudo is located on an NFS-mounted
+ filesystem by running "df `which sudo'".
+
+Q) Sudo never gives me a chance to enter a password using PAM, it just
+ says 'Sorry, try again.' three times and exits.
+A) You didn't setup PAM to work with sudo. On RedHat Linux or Fedora
+ Core this generally means installing the sample pam.conf file as
+ /etc/pam.d/sudo. See the example pam.conf file for hints on what
+ to use for other Linux systems.
+
+Q) Sudo says 'Account expired or PAM config lacks an "account"
+ section for sudo, contact your system administrator' and exits
+ but I know my account has not expired.
+A) Your PAM config lacks an "account" specification. On Linux this
+ usually means you are missing a line like:
+ account required pam_unix.so
+ in /etc/pam.d/sudo.
+
+Q) Sudo is setup to log via syslog(3) but I'm not getting any log
+ messages.
+A) Make sure you have an entry in your syslog.conf file to save
+ the sudo messages (see the example syslog.conf file). The default
+ log facility is authpriv (changeable via configure or in sudoers).
+ Don't forget to send a SIGHUP to your syslogd so that it re-reads
+ its conf file. Also, remember that syslogd does *not* create
+ log files, you need to create the file before syslogd will log
+ to it (ie: touch /var/log/sudo).
+ Note: the facility (e.g. "auth.debug") must be separated from the
+ destination (e.g. "/var/log/auth" or "@loghost") by
+ tabs, *not* spaces. This is a common error.
+
+Q) When sudo asks me for my password it never accepts what I enter even
+ though I know I entered my password correctly.
+A) If you are not using pam and your system uses shadow passwords,
+ it is possible that sudo didn't properly detect that shadow
+ passwords are in use. Take a look at the generated config.h
+ file and verify that the C function used for shadow password
+ look ups was detected. For instance, for SVR4-style shadow
+ passwords, HAVE_GETSPNAM should be defined (you can search for
+ the string "shadow passwords" in config.h with your editor).
+ Note that there is no define for 4.4BSD-based shadow passwords
+ since that just uses the standard getpw* routines.
+
+Q) Can sudo use the ssh agent for authentication instead of asking
+ for the user's Unix password?
+A) Not directly, but you can use a PAM module like pam_ssh_agent_auth
+ or pam_ssh for this purpose.
+
+Q) I don't want the sudoers file in /etc, how can I specify where it
+ should go?
+A) Use the --sysconfdir option to configure. Ie:
+ configure --sysconfdir=/dir/you/want/sudoers/in
+
+Q) Can I put the sudoers file in NIS/NIS+ or do I have to have a
+ copy on each machine?
+A) There is no support for making an NIS/NIS+ map/table out of
+ the sudoers file at this time. You can distribute the sudoers
+ file via rsync or rdist. It is also possible to NFS-mount the
+ sudoers file. If you use LDAP at your site you may be interested
+ in sudo's LDAP sudoers support, see the README.LDAP file and the
+ sudoers.ldap manual.
+
+Q) I don't run sendmail on my machine. Does this mean that I cannot
+ use sudo?
+A) No, you just need to disable mailing with a line like:
+ Defaults !mailerpath
+ in your sudoers file or run configure with the --without-sendmail
+ option.
+
+Q) When I run visudo it uses vi as the editor and I hate vi. How
+ can I make it use another editor?
+A) You can specify the editor to use in visudo in the sudoers file.
+ See the "editor" and "env_editor" entries in the sudoers manual.
+ The defaults can also be set at configure time using the
+ --with-editor and --with-env-editor configure options.
+
+Q) Sudo appears to be removing some variables from my environment, why?
+A) By default, sudo runs commands with new, minimal environment.
+ It is possible to control what environment variables are copied
+ from the invoking user's environment using the "env_keep" setting
+ in sudoers. Another, less secure, option is to disable the
+ "env_reset" setting to copy all variables from the invoking
+ user's environment that are not considered "dangerous". See the
+ "Command Environment" section of the sudoers manual for more
+ information.
+
+Q) How can I keep sudo from asking for a password?
+A) To specify this on a per-user (and per-command) basis, use the
+ 'NOPASSWD' tag right before the command list in sudoers. See
+ the sudoers man page and examples/sudoers for details. To disable
+ passwords completely, add !authenticate" to the Defaults line
+ in /etc/sudoers. You can also turn off authentication on a
+ per-user or per-host basis using a user or host-specific Defaults
+ entry in sudoers. To hard-code the global default, you can
+ configure with the --without-passwd option.
+
+Q) When I run configure, it dies with the following error:
+ "no acceptable cc found in $PATH".
+A) /usr/ucb/cc was the only C compiler that configure could find.
+ You need to tell configure the path to the "real" C compiler
+ via the --with-CC option. On Solaris, the path is probably
+ something like "/opt/SUNWspro/SC4.0/bin/cc". If you have gcc
+ that will also work.
+
+Q) When I run configure, it dies with the following error:
+ Fatal Error: config.cache exists from another platform!
+ Please remove it and re-run configure.
+A) configure caches the results of its tests in a file called
+ config.cache to make re-running configure speedy. However,
+ if you are building sudo for a different platform the results
+ in config.cache will be wrong so you need to remove config.cache.
+ You can do this by "rm config.cache" or "make realclean".
+ Note that "make realclean" will also remove any object files
+ and configure temp files that are laying around as well.
+
+Q) I built sudo on a Solaris 11 (or higher) machine but the resulting
+ binary doesn't work older Solaris versions. Why?
+A) Starting with Solaris 11, asprintf(3) is included in the standard
+ C library. To build a version of sudo on a Solaris 11 machine that
+ will run on an older Solaris release, edit config.h and comment out
+ the lines:
+ #define HAVE_ASPRINTF 1
+ #define HAVE_VASPRINTF 1
+ and run make.
+
+Q) When I run "visudo" it says "sudoers file busy, try again later."
+ and doesn't do anything.
+A) Someone else is currently editing the sudoers file with visudo.
+
+Q) When I try to use "cd" with sudo it says "cd: command not found".
+A) "cd" is a shell built-in command, you can't run it as a command
+ since a child process (sudo) cannot affect the current working
+ directory of the parent (your shell).
+
+Q) When I try to use "cd" with sudo the command completes without
+ errors but nothing happens.
+A) Even though "cd" is a shell built-in command, some operating systems
+ include a /usr/bin/cd command for some reason. A standalone
+ "cd" command is totally useless since a child process (cd) cannot
+ affect the current working directory of the parent (your shell).
+ Thus, "sudo cd /foo" will start a child process, change the
+ directory and immediately exit without doing anything useful.
+
+Q) When I run sudo it says I am not allowed to run the command as root
+ but I don't want to run it as root, I want to run it as another user.
+ My sudoers file entry looks like:
+ bob ALL=(oracle) ALL
+A) The default user sudo tries to run things as is always root, even if
+ the invoking user can only run commands as a single, specific user.
+ This may change in the future but at the present time you have to
+ work around this using the 'runas_default' option in sudoers.
+ For example:
+ Defaults:bob runas_default=oracle
+ would achieve the desired result for the preceding sudoers fragment.
+
+Q) When I try to run sudo via ssh, I get the error:
+ sudo: no tty present and no askpass program specified
+A) ssh does not allocate a tty by default when running a remote command.
+ Without a tty, sudo cannot disable echo when prompting for a password.
+ You can use ssh's "-t" option to force it to allocate a tty.
+ Alternately, if you do not mind your password being echoed to the
+ screen, you can use the "visiblepw" sudoers option to allow this.
+
+Q) When I try to use SSL-enabled LDAP with sudo I get an error:
+ unable to initialize SSL cert and key db: security library: bad database.
+ you must set TLS_CERT in /etc/ldap.conf to use SSL
+A) On systems that use a Mozilla-derived LDAP SDK there must be a
+ certificate database in place to use SSL-encrypted LDAP connections.
+ This file is usually /var/ldap/cert8.db or /etc/ldap/cert8.db.
+ The actual number after "cert" will vary, depending on the version
+ of the LDAP SDK that is being used. If you do not have a certificate
+ database you can either copy one from a mozilla-derived browser, such
+ as firefox, or create one using the "certutil" command. You can run
+ "certutil" as follows and press the <return> (or <enter>) key at the
+ password prompt:
+ # certutil -N -d /var/ldap
+ Enter a password which will be used to encrypt your keys.
+ The password should be at least 8 characters long,
+ and should contain at least one non-alphabetic character.
+
+ Enter new password: <return>
+ Re-enter password: <return>
+
+Q) On Solaris, when I run command via sudo it displays information
+ about the last login for every command. How can I fix this?
+A) This output comes from /usr/lib/security/pam_unix_session.so.1.
+ To suppress it, first create /etc/pam.d/sudo if it doesn't exist:
+ cp /etc/pam.d/other /etc/pam.d/sudo
+ Then add "nowarn" to the end of the pam_unix_session.so.1 line:
+ session required pam_unix_session.so.1 nowarm
+
+Q) On HP-UX, when I run command via sudo it displays information
+ about the last successful login and last authentication failure
+ for every command. How can I fix this?
+A) This output comes from /usr/lib/security/libpam_hpsec.so.1.
+ To suppress it, add a line like the following to /etc/pam.conf:
+ sudo session required libpam_hpsec.so.1 bypass_umask bypass_last_login
+
+Q) On HP-UX, the umask setting in sudoers has no effect.
+A) If your /etc/pam.conf file has the libpam_hpsec.so.1 session module
+ enabled, you may need to a add line like the following to pam.conf:
+ sudo session required libpam_hpsec.so.1 bypass_umask
+
+Q) When I run "sudo -i shell_alias" I get "command not found" even
+ though the alias is defined in my shell startup files.
+A) Commands run via "sudo -i" are executed by the shell in
+ non-interactive mode. The bash shell will ony parse aliases in
+ interactive mode unless the "expand_aliases" shell option is
+ set. If you add "shopt -s expand_aliases" to your .bash_profile
+ (or .profile if using that instead) the aliases should now be
+ available to "sudo -i".
+
+Q) When I run sudo on AIX I get the following error:
+ setuidx(ID_EFFECTIVE|ID_REAL|ID_SAVED, ROOT_UID): Operation not permitted.
+A) AIX's Enhanced RBAC is preventing sudo from running. To fix
+ this, add the following entry to /etc/security/privcmds (adjust
+ the path to sudo as needed) and run the setkst command as root:
+
+ /usr/local/bin/sudo:
+ accessauths = ALLOW_ALL
+ innateprivs = PV_DAC_GID,PV_DAC_R,PV_DAC_UID,PV_DAC_X,PV_FS_CHOWN,PV_PROC_PRIO,PV_NET_PORT,PV_NET_CNTL,PV_SU_UID
+ secflags = FSF_EPS
+
+Q) Sudo configures and builds without error but when I run it I get
+ a Segmentation fault.
+A) If you are on a Linux system, the first thing to try is to run
+ configure with the --disable-pie option, then "make clean" and
+ "make". If that fixes the problem then your operating system
+ does not properly support position independent executables.
+ Please send a message to sudo@sudo.ws with system details such
+ as the Linux distro, kernel version and CPU architecture.
+
+Q) When I run configure I get the following error:
+ dlopen present but libtool doesn't appear to support your platform.
+A) Libtool doesn't know how to support dynamic linking on the operating
+ system you are building for. If you are cross-compiling, you need to
+ specify the operating system, not just the CPU type. For example:
+ --host powerpc-unknown-linux
+ instead of just:
+ --host powerpc
+
+Q) How do you pronounce `sudo'?
+A) The official pronunciation is soo-doo (for su "do"). However, an
+ alternate pronunciation, a homophone of "pseudo", is also common.