SUDO.CONF(4)                  File Formats Manual                 SUDO.CONF(4)

NNAAMMEE
     ssuuddoo..ccoonnff - configuration for sudo front end

DDEESSCCRRIIPPTTIIOONN
     The ssuuddoo..ccoonnff file is used to configure the ssuuddoo front end.  It specifies
     the security policy and I/O logging plugins, debug flags as well as
     plugin-agnostic path names and settings.

     The ssuuddoo..ccoonnff file supports the following directives, described in detail
     below.

     Plugin    a security policy or I/O logging plugin

     Path      a plugin-agnostic path

     Set       a front end setting, such as _d_i_s_a_b_l_e___c_o_r_e_d_u_m_p or _g_r_o_u_p___s_o_u_r_c_e

     Debug     debug flags to aid in debugging ssuuddoo, ssuuddoorreeppllaayy, vviissuuddoo, and
               the ssuuddooeerrss plugin.

     The pound sign (`#') is used to indicate a comment.  Both the comment
     character and any text after it, up to the end of the line, are ignored.

     Long lines can be continued with a backslash (`\') as the last character
     on the line.  Note that leading white space is removed from the beginning
     of lines even when the continuation character is used.

     Non-comment lines that don't begin with Plugin, Path, Debug, or Set are
     silently ignored.

     The ssuuddoo..ccoonnff file is always parsed in the "C" locale.

   PPlluuggiinn ccoonnffiigguurraattiioonn
     ssuuddoo supports a plugin architecture for security policies and
     input/output logging.  Third parties can develop and distribute their own
     policy and I/O logging plugins to work seamlessly with the ssuuddoo front
     end.  Plugins are dynamically loaded based on the contents of ssuuddoo..ccoonnff.

     A Plugin line consists of the Plugin keyword, followed by the _s_y_m_b_o_l___n_a_m_e
     and the _p_a_t_h to the dynamic shared object that contains the plugin.  The
     _s_y_m_b_o_l___n_a_m_e is the name of the struct policy_plugin or struct io_plugin
     symbol contained in the plugin.  The _p_a_t_h may be fully qualified or
     relative.  If not fully qualified, it is relative to the directory
     specified by the _p_l_u_g_i_n___d_i_r Path setting, which defaults to
     _/_u_s_r_/_l_o_c_a_l_/_l_i_b_e_x_e_c_/_s_u_d_o.  In other words:

           Plugin sudoers_policy sudoers.so

     is equivalent to:

           Plugin sudoers_policy /usr/local/libexec/sudo/sudoers.so

     If the plugin was compiled statically into the ssuuddoo binary instead of
     being installed as a dynamic shared object, the _p_a_t_h should be specified
     without a leading directory, as it does not actually exist in the file
     system.  For example:

           Plugin sudoers_policy sudoers.so

     Starting with ssuuddoo 1.8.5, any additional parameters after the _p_a_t_h are
     passed as arguments to the plugin's _o_p_e_n function.  For example, to
     override the compile-time default sudoers file mode:

           Plugin sudoers_policy sudoers.so sudoers_mode=0440

     See the sudoers(4) manual for a list of supported arguments.

     The same dynamic shared object may contain multiple plugins, each with a
     different symbol name.  The file must be owned by uid 0 and only writable
     by its owner.  Because of ambiguities that arise from composite policies,
     only a single policy plugin may be specified.  This limitation does not
     apply to I/O plugins.

     If no ssuuddoo..ccoonnff file is present, or if it contains no Plugin lines, the
     ssuuddooeerrss plugin will be used as the default security policy and for I/O
     logging (if enabled by the policy).  This is equivalent to the following:

           Plugin sudoers_policy sudoers.so
           Plugin sudoers_io sudoers.so

     For more information on the ssuuddoo plugin architecture, see the
     sudo_plugin(4) manual.

   PPaatthh sseettttiinnggss
     A Path line consists of the Path keyword, followed by the name of the
     path to set and its value.  For example:

           Path noexec /usr/local/libexec/sudo/sudo_noexec.so
           Path askpass /usr/X11R6/bin/ssh-askpass

     If no path name is specified, features relying on the specified setting
     will be disabled.  Disabling Path settings is only supported in ssuuddoo
     version 1.8.16 and higher.

     The following plugin-agnostic paths may be set in the _/_e_t_c_/_s_u_d_o_._c_o_n_f
     file:

     askpass   The fully qualified path to a helper program used to read the
               user's password when no terminal is available.  This may be the
               case when ssuuddoo is executed from a graphical (as opposed to
               text-based) application.  The program specified by _a_s_k_p_a_s_s
               should display the argument passed to it as the prompt and
               write the user's password to the standard output.  The value of
               _a_s_k_p_a_s_s may be overridden by the SUDO_ASKPASS environment
               variable.

     devsearch
               An ordered, colon-separated search path of directories to look
               in for device nodes.  This is used when mapping the process's
               tty device number to a device name on systems that do not
               provide such a mechanism.  Sudo will _n_o_t recurse into sub-
               directories.  If terminal devices may be located in a sub-
               directory of _/_d_e_v, that path must be explicitly listed in
               _d_e_v_s_e_a_r_c_h.  The default value is:
               /dev/pts:/dev/vt:/dev/term:/dev/zcons:/dev/pty:/dev

               This option is ignored on systems that support either the
               ddeevvnnaammee() or __ttttyynnaammee__ddeevv() functions, for example BSD, macOS
               and Solaris.

     noexec    The fully-qualified path to a shared library containing
               wrappers for the eexxeeccll(), eexxeeccllee(), eexxeeccllpp(), eexxeecctt(), eexxeeccvv(),
               eexxeeccvvee(), eexxeeccvvPP(), eexxeeccvvpp(), eexxeeccvvppee(), ffeexxeeccvvee(), ppooppeenn(),
               ppoossiixx__ssppaawwnn(), ppoossiixx__ssppaawwnnpp(), ssyysstteemm(), and wwoorrddeexxpp() library
               functions that prevent the execution of further commands.  This
               is used to implement the _n_o_e_x_e_c functionality on systems that
               support LD_PRELOAD or its equivalent.  The default value is:
               _/_u_s_r_/_l_o_c_a_l_/_l_i_b_e_x_e_c_/_s_u_d_o_/_s_u_d_o___n_o_e_x_e_c_._s_o.

     plugin_dir
               The default directory to use when searching for plugins that
               are specified without a fully qualified path name.  The default
               value is _/_u_s_r_/_l_o_c_a_l_/_l_i_b_e_x_e_c_/_s_u_d_o.

     sesh      The fully-qualified path to the sseesshh binary.  This setting is
               only used when ssuuddoo is built with SELinux support.  The default
               value is _/_u_s_r_/_l_o_c_a_l_/_l_i_b_e_x_e_c_/_s_u_d_o_/_s_e_s_h.

   OOtthheerr sseettttiinnggss
     The ssuuddoo..ccoonnff file also supports the following front end settings:

     disable_coredump
               Core dumps of ssuuddoo itself are disabled by default to prevent
               the disclosure of potentially sensitive information.  To aid in
               debugging ssuuddoo crashes, you may wish to re-enable core dumps by
               setting "disable_coredump" to false in ssuuddoo..ccoonnff as follows:

                     Set disable_coredump false

               All modern operating systems place restrictions on core dumps
               from setuid processes like ssuuddoo so this option can be enabled
               without compromising security.  To actually get a ssuuddoo core
               file you will likely need to enable core dumps for setuid
               processes.  On BSD and Linux systems this is accomplished in
               the sysctl(1m) command.  On Solaris, the coreadm(1m) command is
               used to configure core dump behavior.

               This setting is only available in ssuuddoo version 1.8.4 and
               higher.

     group_source
               ssuuddoo passes the invoking user's group list to the policy and
               I/O plugins.  On most systems, there is an upper limit to the
               number of groups that a user may belong to simultaneously
               (typically 16 for compatibility with NFS).  On systems with the
               getconf(1) utility, running:
                     getconf NGROUPS_MAX
               will return the maximum number of groups.

               However, it is still possible to be a member of a larger number
               of groups--they simply won't be included in the group list
               returned by the kernel for the user.  Starting with ssuuddoo
               version 1.8.7, if the user's kernel group list has the maximum
               number of entries, ssuuddoo will consult the group database
               directly to determine the group list.  This makes it possible
               for the security policy to perform matching by group name even
               when the user is a member of more than the maximum number of
               groups.

               The _g_r_o_u_p___s_o_u_r_c_e setting allows the administrator to change
               this default behavior.  Supported values for _g_r_o_u_p___s_o_u_r_c_e are:

               static    Use the static group list that the kernel returns.
                         Retrieving the group list this way is very fast but
                         it is subject to an upper limit as described above.
                         It is "static" in that it does not reflect changes to
                         the group database made after the user logs in.  This
                         was the default behavior prior to ssuuddoo 1.8.7.

               dynamic   Always query the group database directly.  It is
                         "dynamic" in that changes made to the group database
                         after the user logs in will be reflected in the group
                         list.  On some systems, querying the group database
                         for all of a user's groups can be time consuming when
                         querying a network-based group database.  Most
                         operating systems provide an efficient method of
                         performing such queries.  Currently, ssuuddoo supports
                         efficient group queries on AIX, BSD, HP-UX, Linux and
                         Solaris.

               adaptive  Only query the group database if the static group
                         list returned by the kernel has the maximum number of
                         entries.  This is the default behavior in ssuuddoo 1.8.7
                         and higher.

               For example, to cause ssuuddoo to only use the kernel's static list
               of groups for the user:

                     Set group_source static

               This setting is only available in ssuuddoo version 1.8.7 and
               higher.

     max_groups
               The maximum number of user groups to retrieve from the group
               database.  Values less than one will be ignored.  This setting
               is only used when querying the group database directly.  It is
               intended to be used on systems where it is not possible to
               detect when the array to be populated with group entries is not
               sufficiently large.  By default, ssuuddoo will allocate four times
               the system's maximum number of groups (see above) and retry
               with double that number if the group database query fails.

               This setting is only available in ssuuddoo version 1.8.7 and
               higher.  It should not be required in ssuuddoo versions 1.8.24 and
               higher and may be removed in a later release.

     probe_interfaces
               By default, ssuuddoo will probe the system's network interfaces and
               pass the IP address of each enabled interface to the policy
               plugin.  This makes it possible for the plugin to match rules
               based on the IP address without having to query DNS.  On Linux
               systems with a large number of virtual interfaces, this may
               take a non-negligible amount of time.  If IP-based matching is
               not required, network interface probing can be disabled as
               follows:

                     Set probe_interfaces false

               This setting is only available in ssuuddoo version 1.8.10 and
               higher.

   DDeebbuugg ffllaaggss
     ssuuddoo versions 1.8.4 and higher support a flexible debugging framework
     that can help track down what ssuuddoo is doing internally if there is a
     problem.

     A Debug line consists of the Debug keyword, followed by the name of the
     program (or plugin) to debug (ssuuddoo, vviissuuddoo, ssuuddoorreeppllaayy, ssuuddooeerrss), the
     debug file name and a comma-separated list of debug flags.  The debug
     flag syntax used by ssuuddoo and the ssuuddooeerrss plugin is _s_u_b_s_y_s_t_e_m@_p_r_i_o_r_i_t_y but
     a plugin is free to use a different format so long as it does not include
     a comma (`,').

     For example:

           Debug sudo /var/log/sudo_debug all@warn,plugin@info

     would log all debugging statements at the _w_a_r_n level and higher in
     addition to those at the _i_n_f_o level for the plugin subsystem.

     As of ssuuddoo 1.8.12, multiple Debug entries may be specified per program.
     Older versions of ssuuddoo only support a single Debug entry per program.
     Plugin-specific Debug entries are also supported starting with ssuuddoo
     1.8.12 and are matched by either the base name of the plugin that was
     loaded (for example sudoers.so) or by the plugin's fully-qualified path
     name.  Previously, the ssuuddooeerrss plugin shared the same Debug entry as the
     ssuuddoo front end and could not be configured separately.

     The following priorities are supported, in order of decreasing severity:
     _c_r_i_t, _e_r_r, _w_a_r_n, _n_o_t_i_c_e, _d_i_a_g, _i_n_f_o, _t_r_a_c_e and _d_e_b_u_g.  Each priority,
     when specified, also includes all priorities higher than it.  For
     example, a priority of _n_o_t_i_c_e would include debug messages logged at
     _n_o_t_i_c_e and higher.

     The priorities _t_r_a_c_e and _d_e_b_u_g also include function call tracing which
     logs when a function is entered and when it returns.  For example, the
     following trace is for the ggeett__uusseerr__ggrroouuppss() function located in
     src/sudo.c:

           sudo[123] -> get_user_groups @ src/sudo.c:385
           sudo[123] <- get_user_groups @ src/sudo.c:429 := groups=10,0,5

     When the function is entered, indicated by a right arrow `->', the
     program, process ID, function, source file and line number are logged.
     When the function returns, indicated by a left arrow `<-', the same
     information is logged along with the return value.  In this case, the
     return value is a string.

     The following subsystems are used by the ssuuddoo front-end:

     _a_l_l         matches every subsystem

     _a_r_g_s        command line argument processing

     _c_o_n_v        user conversation

     _e_d_i_t        sudoedit

     _e_v_e_n_t       event subsystem

     _e_x_e_c        command execution

     _m_a_i_n        ssuuddoo main function

     _n_e_t_i_f       network interface handling

     _p_c_o_m_m       communication with the plugin

     _p_l_u_g_i_n      plugin configuration

     _p_t_y         pseudo-tty related code

     _s_e_l_i_n_u_x     SELinux-specific handling

     _u_t_i_l        utility functions

     _u_t_m_p        utmp handling

     The sudoers(4) plugin includes support for additional subsystems.

FFIILLEESS
     _/_e_t_c_/_s_u_d_o_._c_o_n_f            ssuuddoo front end configuration

EEXXAAMMPPLLEESS
     #
     # Default /etc/sudo.conf file
     #
     # Format:
     #   Plugin plugin_name plugin_path plugin_options ...
     #   Path askpass /path/to/askpass
     #   Path noexec /path/to/sudo_noexec.so
     #   Debug sudo /var/log/sudo_debug all@warn
     #   Set disable_coredump true
     #
     # The plugin_path is relative to /usr/local/libexec/sudo unless
     #   fully qualified.
     # The plugin_name corresponds to a global symbol in the plugin
     #   that contains the plugin interface structure.
     # The plugin_options are optional.
     #
     # The sudoers plugin is used by default if no Plugin lines are
     # present.
     Plugin sudoers_policy sudoers.so
     Plugin sudoers_io sudoers.so

     #
     # Sudo askpass:
     #
     # An askpass helper program may be specified to provide a graphical
     # password prompt for "sudo -A" support.  Sudo does not ship with
     # its own askpass program but can use the OpenSSH askpass.
     #
     # Use the OpenSSH askpass
     #Path askpass /usr/X11R6/bin/ssh-askpass
     #
     # Use the Gnome OpenSSH askpass
     #Path askpass /usr/libexec/openssh/gnome-ssh-askpass

     #
     # Sudo noexec:
     #
     # Path to a shared library containing dummy versions of the execv(),
     # execve() and fexecve() library functions that just return an error.
     # This is used to implement the "noexec" functionality on systems that
     # support C<LD_PRELOAD> or its equivalent.
     # The compiled-in value is usually sufficient and should only be
     # changed if you rename or move the sudo_noexec.so file.
     #
     #Path noexec /usr/local/libexec/sudo/sudo_noexec.so

     #
     # Core dumps:
     #
     # By default, sudo disables core dumps while it is executing
     # (they are re-enabled for the command that is run).
     # To aid in debugging sudo problems, you may wish to enable core
     # dumps by setting "disable_coredump" to false.
     #
     #Set disable_coredump false

     #
     # User groups:
     #
     # Sudo passes the user's group list to the policy plugin.
     # If the user is a member of the maximum number of groups (usually 16),
     # sudo will query the group database directly to be sure to include
     # the full list of groups.
     #
     # On some systems, this can be expensive so the behavior is configurable.
     # The "group_source" setting has three possible values:
     #   static   - use the user's list of groups returned by the kernel.
     #   dynamic  - query the group database to find the list of groups.
     #   adaptive - if user is in less than the maximum number of groups.
     #              use the kernel list, else query the group database.
     #
     #Set group_source static

SSEEEE AALLSSOO
     sudo_plugin(4), sudoers(4), sudo(1m)

HHIISSTTOORRYY
     See the HISTORY file in the ssuuddoo distribution
     (https://www.sudo.ws/history.html) for a brief history of sudo.

AAUUTTHHOORRSS
     Many people have worked on ssuuddoo over the years; this version consists of
     code written primarily by:

           Todd C. Miller

     See the CONTRIBUTORS file in the ssuuddoo distribution
     (https://www.sudo.ws/contributors.html) for an exhaustive list of people
     who have contributed to ssuuddoo.

BBUUGGSS
     If you feel you have found a bug in ssuuddoo, please submit a bug report at
     https://bugzilla.sudo.ws/

SSUUPPPPOORRTT
     Limited free support is available via the sudo-users mailing list, see
     https://www.sudo.ws/mailman/listinfo/sudo-users to subscribe or search
     the archives.

DDIISSCCLLAAIIMMEERR
     ssuuddoo is provided "AS IS" and any express or implied warranties,
     including, but not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability
     and fitness for a particular purpose are disclaimed.  See the LICENSE
     file distributed with ssuuddoo or https://www.sudo.ws/license.html for
     complete details.

Sudo 1.8.26                     October 7, 2018                    Sudo 1.8.26