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diff --git a/runtime/doc/usr_90.txt b/runtime/doc/usr_90.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a5b4292 --- /dev/null +++ b/runtime/doc/usr_90.txt @@ -0,0 +1,498 @@ +*usr_90.txt* For Vim version 8.1. Last change: 2008 Sep 10 + + VIM USER MANUAL - by Bram Moolenaar + + Installing Vim + + *install* +Before you can use Vim you have to install it. Depending on your system it's +simple or easy. This chapter gives a few hints and also explains how +upgrading to a new version is done. + +|90.1| Unix +|90.2| MS-Windows +|90.3| Upgrading +|90.4| Common installation issues +|90.5| Uninstalling Vim + + Previous chapter: |usr_45.txt| Select your language +Table of contents: |usr_toc.txt| + +============================================================================== +*90.1* Unix + +First you have to decide if you are going to install Vim system-wide or for a +single user. The installation is almost the same, but the directory where Vim +is installed in differs. + For a system-wide installation the base directory "/usr/local" is often +used. But this may be different for your system. Try finding out where other +packages are installed. + When installing for a single user, you can use your home directory as the +base. The files will be placed in subdirectories like "bin" and "shared/vim". + + +FROM A PACKAGE + +You can get precompiled binaries for many different UNIX systems. There is a +long list with links on this page: + + http://www.vim.org/binaries.html ~ + +Volunteers maintain the binaries, so they are often out of date. It is a +good idea to compile your own UNIX version from the source. Also, creating +the editor from the source allows you to control which features are compiled. +This does require a compiler though. + +If you have a Linux distribution, the "vi" program is probably a minimal +version of Vim. It doesn't do syntax highlighting, for example. Try finding +another Vim package in your distribution, or search on the web site. + + +FROM SOURCES + +To compile and install Vim, you will need the following: + + - A C compiler (GCC preferred) + - The GZIP program (you can get it from www.gnu.org) + - The Vim source and runtime archives + +To get the Vim archives, look in this file for a mirror near you, this should +provide the fastest download: + + ftp://ftp.vim.org/pub/vim/MIRRORS ~ + +Or use the home site ftp.vim.org, if you think it's fast enough. Go to the +"unix" directory and you'll find a list of files there. The version number is +embedded in the file name. You will want to get the most recent version. + You can get the files for Unix in two ways: One big archive that contains +everything, or four smaller ones that each fit on a floppy disk. For version +6.1 the single big one is called: + + vim-6.1.tar.bz2 ~ + +You need the bzip2 program to uncompress it. If you don't have it, get the +four smaller files, which can be uncompressed with gzip. For Vim 6.1 they are +called: + + vim-6.1-src1.tar.gz ~ + vim-6.1-src2.tar.gz ~ + vim-6.1-rt1.tar.gz ~ + vim-6.1-rt2.tar.gz ~ + + +COMPILING + +First create a top directory to work in, for example: > + + mkdir ~/vim + cd ~/vim + +Then unpack the archives there. If you have the one big archive, you unpack +it like this: > + + bzip2 -d -c path/vim-6.1.tar.bz2 | tar xf - + +Change "path" to where you have downloaded the file. > + + gzip -d -c path/vim-6.1-src1.tar.gz | tar xf - + gzip -d -c path/vim-6.1-src2.tar.gz | tar xf - + gzip -d -c path/vim-6.1-rt1.tar.gz | tar xf - + gzip -d -c path/vim-6.1-rt2.tar.gz | tar xf - + +If you are satisfied with getting the default features, and your environment +is setup properly, you should be able to compile Vim with just this: > + + cd vim61/src + make + +The make program will run configure and compile everything. Further on we +will explain how to compile with different features. + If there are errors while compiling, carefully look at the error messages. +There should be a hint about what went wrong. Hopefully you will be able to +correct it. You might have to disable some features to make Vim compile. +Look in the Makefile for specific hints for your system. + + +TESTING + +Now you can check if compiling worked OK: > + + make test + +This will run a sequence of test scripts to verify that Vim works as expected. +Vim will be started many times and all kinds of text and messages flash by. +If it is alright you will finally see: + + test results: ~ + ALL DONE ~ + +If you get "TEST FAILURE" some test failed. If there are one or two messages +about failed tests, Vim might still work, but not perfectly. If you see a lot +of error messages or Vim doesn't finish until the end, there must be something +wrong. Either try to find out yourself, or find someone who can solve it. +You could look in the |maillist-archive| for a solution. If everything else +fails, you could ask in the vim |maillist| if someone can help you. + + +INSTALLING + *install-home* +If you want to install in your home directory, edit the Makefile and search +for a line: + + #prefix = $(HOME) ~ + +Remove the # at the start of the line. + When installing for the whole system, Vim has most likely already selected +a good installation directory for you. You can also specify one, see below. +You need to become root for the following. + +To install Vim do: > + + make install + +That should move all the relevant files to the right place. Now you can try +running vim to verify that it works. Use two simple tests to check if Vim can +find its runtime files: > + + :help + :syntax enable + +If this doesn't work, use this command to check where Vim is looking for the +runtime files: > + + :echo $VIMRUNTIME + +You can also start Vim with the "-V" argument to see what happens during +startup: > + + vim -V + +Don't forget that the user manual assumes you Vim in a certain way. After +installing Vim, follow the instructions at |not-compatible| to make Vim work +as assumed in this manual. + + +SELECTING FEATURES + +Vim has many ways to select features. One of the simple ways is to edit the +Makefile. There are many directions and examples. Often you can enable or +disable a feature by uncommenting a line. + An alternative is to run "configure" separately. This allows you to +specify configuration options manually. The disadvantage is that you have to +figure out what exactly to type. + Some of the most interesting configure arguments follow. These can also be +enabled from the Makefile. + + --prefix={directory} Top directory where to install Vim. + + --with-features=tiny Compile with many features disabled. + --with-features=small Compile with some features disabled. + --with-features=big Compile with more features enabled. + --with-features=huge Compile with most features enabled. + See |+feature-list| for which feature + is enabled in which case. + + --enable-perlinterp Enable the Perl interface. There are + similar arguments for ruby, python and + tcl. + + --disable-gui Do not compile the GUI interface. + --without-x Do not compile X-windows features. + When both of these are used, Vim will + not connect to the X server, which + makes startup faster. + +To see the whole list use: > + + ./configure --help + +You can find a bit of explanation for each feature, and links for more +information here: |feature-list|. + For the adventurous, edit the file "feature.h". You can also change the +source code yourself! + +============================================================================== +*90.2* MS-Windows + +There are two ways to install the Vim program for Microsoft Windows. You can +uncompress several archives, or use a self-installing big archive. Most users +with fairly recent computers will prefer the second method. For the first +one, you will need: + + - An archive with binaries for Vim. + - The Vim runtime archive. + - A program to unpack the zip files. + +To get the Vim archives, look in this file for a mirror near you, this should +provide the fastest download: + + ftp://ftp.vim.org/pub/vim/MIRRORS ~ + +Or use the home site ftp.vim.org, if you think it's fast enough. Go to the +"pc" directory and you'll find a list of files there. The version number is +embedded in the file name. You will want to get the most recent version. +We will use "61" here, which is version 6.1. + + gvim61.exe The self-installing archive. + +This is all you need for the second method. Just launch the executable, and +follow the prompts. + +For the first method you must chose one of the binary archives. These are +available: + + gvim61.zip The normal MS-Windows GUI version. + gvim61ole.zip The MS-Windows GUI version with OLE support. + Uses more memory, supports interfacing with + other OLE applications. + vim61w32.zip 32 bit MS-Windows console version. For use in + a Win NT/2000/XP console. Does not work well + on Win 95/98. + vim61d32.zip 32 bit MS-DOS version. For use in the + Win 95/98 console window. + vim61d16.zip 16 bit MS-DOS version. Only for old systems. + Does not support long filenames. + +You only need one of them. Although you could install both a GUI and a +console version. You always need to get the archive with runtime files. + + vim61rt.zip The runtime files. + +Use your un-zip program to unpack the files. For example, using the "unzip" +program: > + + cd c:\ + unzip path\gvim61.zip + unzip path\vim61rt.zip + +This will unpack the files in the directory "c:\vim\vim61". If you already +have a "vim" directory somewhere, you will want to move to the directory just +above it. + Now change to the "vim\vim61" directory and run the install program: > + + install + +Carefully look through the messages and select the options you want to use. +If you finally select "do it" the install program will carry out the actions +you selected. + The install program doesn't move the runtime files. They remain where you +unpacked them. + +In case you are not satisfied with the features included in the supplied +binaries, you could try compiling Vim yourself. Get the source archive from +the same location as where the binaries are. You need a compiler for which a +makefile exists. Microsoft Visual C works, but is expensive. The Free +Borland command-line compiler 5.5 can be used, as well as the free MingW and +Cygwin compilers. Check the file src/INSTALLpc.txt for hints. + +============================================================================== +*90.3* Upgrading + +If you are running one version of Vim and want to install another, here is +what to do. + + +UNIX + +When you type "make install" the runtime files will be copied to a directory +which is specific for this version. Thus they will not overwrite a previous +version. This makes it possible to use two or more versions next to +each other. + The executable "vim" will overwrite an older version. If you don't care +about keeping the old version, running "make install" will work fine. You can +delete the old runtime files manually. Just delete the directory with the +version number in it and all files below it. Example: > + + rm -rf /usr/local/share/vim/vim58 + +There are normally no changed files below this directory. If you did change +the "filetype.vim" file, for example, you better merge the changes into the +new version before deleting it. + +If you are careful and want to try out the new version for a while before +switching to it, install the new version under another name. You need to +specify a configure argument. For example: > + + ./configure --with-vim-name=vim6 + +Before running "make install", you could use "make -n install" to check that +no valuable existing files are overwritten. + When you finally decide to switch to the new version, all you need to do is +to rename the binary to "vim". For example: > + + mv /usr/local/bin/vim6 /usr/local/bin/vim + + +MS-WINDOWS + +Upgrading is mostly equal to installing a new version. Just unpack the files +in the same place as the previous version. A new directory will be created, +e.g., "vim61", for the files of the new version. Your runtime files, vimrc +file, viminfo, etc. will be left alone. + If you want to run the new version next to the old one, you will have to do +some handwork. Don't run the install program, it will overwrite a few files +of the old version. Execute the new binaries by specifying the full path. +The program should be able to automatically find the runtime files for the +right version. However, this won't work if you set the $VIMRUNTIME variable +somewhere. + If you are satisfied with the upgrade, you can delete the files of the +previous version. See |90.5|. + +============================================================================== +*90.4* Common installation issues + +This section describes some of the common problems that occur when installing +Vim and suggests some solutions. It also contains answers to many +installation questions. + + +Q: I Do Not Have Root Privileges. How Do I Install Vim? (Unix) + +Use the following configuration command to install Vim in a directory called +$HOME/vim: > + + ./configure --prefix=$HOME + +This gives you a personal copy of Vim. You need to put $HOME/bin in your +path to execute the editor. Also see |install-home|. + + +Q: The Colors Are Not Right on My Screen. (Unix) + +Check your terminal settings by using the following command in a shell: > + + echo $TERM + +If the terminal type listed is not correct, fix it. For more hints, see +|06.2|. Another solution is to always use the GUI version of Vim, called +gvim. This avoids the need for a correct terminal setup. + + +Q: My Backspace And Delete Keys Don't Work Right + +The definition of what key sends what code is very unclear for backspace <BS> +and Delete <Del> keys. First of all, check your $TERM setting. If there is +nothing wrong with it, try this: > + + :set t_kb=^V<BS> + :set t_kD=^V<Del> + +In the first line you need to press CTRL-V and then hit the backspace key. +In the second line you need to press CTRL-V and then hit the Delete key. +You can put these lines in your vimrc file, see |05.1|. A disadvantage is +that it won't work when you use another terminal some day. Look here for +alternate solutions: |:fixdel|. + + +Q: I Am Using RedHat Linux. Can I Use the Vim That Comes with the System? + +By default RedHat installs a minimal version of Vim. Check your RPM packages +for something named "Vim-enhanced-version.rpm" and install that. + + +Q: How Do I Turn Syntax Coloring On? How do I make plugins work? + +Use the example vimrc script. You can find an explanation on how to use it +here: |not-compatible|. + +See chapter 6 for information about syntax highlighting: |usr_06.txt|. + + +Q: What Is a Good vimrc File to Use? + +See the www.vim.org Web site for several good examples. + + +Q: Where Do I Find a Good Vim Plugin? + +See the Vim-online site: http://vim.sf.net. Many users have uploaded useful +Vim scripts and plugins there. + + +Q: Where Do I Find More Tips? + +See the Vim-online site: http://vim.sf.net. There is an archive with hints +from Vim users. You might also want to search in the |maillist-archive|. + +============================================================================== +*90.5* Uninstalling Vim + +In the unlikely event you want to uninstall Vim completely, this is how you do +it. + + +UNIX + +When you installed Vim as a package, check your package manager to find out +how to remove the package again. + If you installed Vim from sources you can use this command: > + + make uninstall + +However, if you have deleted the original files or you used an archive that +someone supplied, you can't do this. Do delete the files manually, here is an +example for when "/usr/local" was used as the root: > + + rm -rf /usr/local/share/vim/vim61 + rm /usr/local/bin/eview + rm /usr/local/bin/evim + rm /usr/local/bin/ex + rm /usr/local/bin/gview + rm /usr/local/bin/gvim + rm /usr/local/bin/gvim + rm /usr/local/bin/gvimdiff + rm /usr/local/bin/rgview + rm /usr/local/bin/rgvim + rm /usr/local/bin/rview + rm /usr/local/bin/rvim + rm /usr/local/bin/rvim + rm /usr/local/bin/view + rm /usr/local/bin/vim + rm /usr/local/bin/vimdiff + rm /usr/local/bin/vimtutor + rm /usr/local/bin/xxd + rm /usr/local/man/man1/eview.1 + rm /usr/local/man/man1/evim.1 + rm /usr/local/man/man1/ex.1 + rm /usr/local/man/man1/gview.1 + rm /usr/local/man/man1/gvim.1 + rm /usr/local/man/man1/gvimdiff.1 + rm /usr/local/man/man1/rgview.1 + rm /usr/local/man/man1/rgvim.1 + rm /usr/local/man/man1/rview.1 + rm /usr/local/man/man1/rvim.1 + rm /usr/local/man/man1/view.1 + rm /usr/local/man/man1/vim.1 + rm /usr/local/man/man1/vimdiff.1 + rm /usr/local/man/man1/vimtutor.1 + rm /usr/local/man/man1/xxd.1 + + +MS-WINDOWS + +If you installed Vim with the self-installing archive you can run +the "uninstall-gui" program located in the same directory as the other Vim +programs, e.g. "c:\vim\vim61". You can also launch it from the Start menu if +installed the Vim entries there. This will remove most of the files, menu +entries and desktop shortcuts. Some files may remain however, as they need a +Windows restart before being deleted. + You will be given the option to remove the whole "vim" directory. It +probably contains your vimrc file and other runtime files that you created, so +be careful. + +Else, if you installed Vim with the zip archives, the preferred way is to use +the "uninstal" program (note the missing l at the end). You can find it in +the same directory as the "install" program, e.g., "c:\vim\vim61". This +should also work from the usual "install/remove software" page. + However, this only removes the registry entries for Vim. You have to +delete the files yourself. Simply select the directory "vim\vim61" and delete +it recursively. There should be no files there that you changed, but you +might want to check that first. + The "vim" directory probably contains your vimrc file and other runtime +files that you created. You might want to keep that. + +============================================================================== + +Table of contents: |usr_toc.txt| + +Copyright: see |manual-copyright| vim:tw=78:ts=8:noet:ft=help:norl: |