Adding upstream version 1.20.1.upstream/1.20.1upstream

Signed-off-by: Daniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org>

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+\input texinfo   @c -*-texinfo-*-
+
+@c %**start of header
+@setfilename wget.info
+@documentencoding UTF-8
+@include version.texi
+@settitle GNU Wget @value{VERSION} Manual
+@c Disable the monstrous rectangles beside overfull hbox-es.
+@finalout
+@c Use `odd' to print double-sided.
+@setchapternewpage on
+@c %**end of header
+
+@iftex
+@c Remove this if you don't use A4 paper.
+@afourpaper
+@end iftex
+
+@c Title for man page.  The weird way texi2pod.pl is written requires
+@c the preceding @set.
+@set Wget Wget
+@c man title Wget The non-interactive network downloader.
+
+@dircategory Network applications
+@direntry
+* Wget: (wget).                 Non-interactive network downloader.
+@end direntry
+
+@copying
+This file documents the GNU Wget utility for downloading network
+data.
+
+@c man begin COPYRIGHT
+Copyright @copyright{} 1996-2011, 2015, 2018 Free Software Foundation,
+Inc.
+
+@iftex
+Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of
+this manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice
+are preserved on all copies.
+@end iftex
+
+@ignore
+Permission is granted to process this file through TeX and print the
+results, provided the printed document carries a copying permission
+notice identical to this one except for the removal of this paragraph
+(this paragraph not being relevant to the printed manual).
+@end ignore
+Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
+under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no
+Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover Texts, and with no Back-Cover
+Texts.  A copy of the license is included in the section entitled
+``GNU Free Documentation License''.
+@c man end
+@end copying
+
+@titlepage
+@title GNU Wget @value{VERSION}
+@subtitle The non-interactive download utility
+@subtitle Updated for Wget @value{VERSION}, @value{UPDATED}
+@author by Hrvoje Nikšić and others
+
+@ignore
+@c man begin AUTHOR
+Originally written by Hrvoje Nikšić <hniksic@xemacs.org>.
+@c man end
+@c man begin SEEALSO
+This is @strong{not} the complete manual for GNU Wget.
+For more complete information, including more detailed explanations of
+some of the options, and a number of commands available
+for use with @file{.wgetrc} files and the @samp{-e} option, see the GNU
+Info entry for @file{wget}.
+@c man end
+@end ignore
+
+@page
+@vskip 0pt plus 1filll
+@insertcopying
+@end titlepage
+
+@contents
+
+@ifnottex
+@node Top, Overview, (dir), (dir)
+@top Wget @value{VERSION}
+
+@insertcopying
+@end ifnottex
+
+@menu
+* Overview::                    Features of Wget.
+* Invoking::                    Wget command-line arguments.
+* Recursive Download::          Downloading interlinked pages.
+* Following Links::             The available methods of chasing links.
+* Time-Stamping::               Mirroring according to time-stamps.
+* Startup File::                Wget's initialization file.
+* Examples::                    Examples of usage.
+* Various::                     The stuff that doesn't fit anywhere else.
+* Appendices::                  Some useful references.
+* Copying this manual::         You may give out copies of this manual.
+* Concept Index::               Topics covered by this manual.
+@end menu
+
+@node Overview, Invoking, Top, Top
+@chapter Overview
+@cindex overview
+@cindex features
+
+@c man begin DESCRIPTION
+GNU Wget is a free utility for non-interactive download of files from
+the Web.  It supports @sc{http}, @sc{https}, and @sc{ftp} protocols, as
+well as retrieval through @sc{http} proxies.
+
+@c man end
+This chapter is a partial overview of Wget's features.
+
+@itemize @bullet
+@item
+@c man begin DESCRIPTION
+Wget is non-interactive, meaning that it can work in the background,
+while the user is not logged on.  This allows you to start a retrieval
+and disconnect from the system, letting Wget finish the work.  By
+contrast, most of the Web browsers require constant user's presence,
+which can be a great hindrance when transferring a lot of data.
+@c man end
+
+@item
+@ignore
+@c man begin DESCRIPTION
+
+@c man end
+@end ignore
+@c man begin DESCRIPTION
+Wget can follow links in @sc{html}, @sc{xhtml}, and @sc{css} pages, to
+create local versions of remote web sites, fully recreating the
+directory structure of the original site.  This is sometimes referred to
+as ``recursive downloading.''  While doing that, Wget respects the Robot
+Exclusion Standard (@file{/robots.txt}).  Wget can be instructed to
+convert the links in downloaded files to point at the local files, for
+offline viewing.
+@c man end
+
+@item
+File name wildcard matching and recursive mirroring of directories are
+available when retrieving via @sc{ftp}.  Wget can read the time-stamp
+information given by both @sc{http} and @sc{ftp} servers, and store it
+locally.  Thus Wget can see if the remote file has changed since last
+retrieval, and automatically retrieve the new version if it has.  This
+makes Wget suitable for mirroring of @sc{ftp} sites, as well as home
+pages.
+
+@item
+@ignore
+@c man begin DESCRIPTION
+
+@c man end
+@end ignore
+@c man begin DESCRIPTION
+Wget has been designed for robustness over slow or unstable network
+connections; if a download fails due to a network problem, it will
+keep retrying until the whole file has been retrieved.  If the server
+supports regetting, it will instruct the server to continue the
+download from where it left off.
+@c man end
+
+@item
+Wget supports proxy servers, which can lighten the network load, speed
+up retrieval and provide access behind firewalls.  Wget uses the passive
+@sc{ftp} downloading by default, active @sc{ftp} being an option.
+
+@item
+Wget supports IP version 6, the next generation of IP.  IPv6 is
+autodetected at compile-time, and can be disabled at either build or
+run time.  Binaries built with IPv6 support work well in both
+IPv4-only and dual family environments.
+
+@item
+Built-in features offer mechanisms to tune which links you wish to follow
+(@pxref{Following Links}).
+
+@item
+The progress of individual downloads is traced using a progress gauge.
+Interactive downloads are tracked using a ``thermometer''-style gauge,
+whereas non-interactive ones are traced with dots, each dot
+representing a fixed amount of data received (1KB by default).  Either
+gauge can be customized to your preferences.
+
+@item
+Most of the features are fully configurable, either through command line
+options, or via the initialization file @file{.wgetrc} (@pxref{Startup
+File}).  Wget allows you to define @dfn{global} startup files
+(@file{/usr/local/etc/wgetrc} by default) for site settings. You can also
+specify the location of a startup file with the --config option.
+To disable the reading of config files, use --no-config.
+If both --config and --no-config are given, --no-config is ignored.
+ 
+
+@ignore
+@c man begin FILES
+@table @samp
+@item /usr/local/etc/wgetrc
+Default location of the @dfn{global} startup file.
+
+@item .wgetrc
+User startup file.
+@end table
+@c man end
+@end ignore
+
+@item
+Finally, GNU Wget is free software.  This means that everyone may use
+it, redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General
+Public License, as published by the Free Software Foundation (see the
+file @file{COPYING} that came with GNU Wget, for details).
+@end itemize
+
+@node Invoking, Recursive Download, Overview, Top
+@chapter Invoking
+@cindex invoking
+@cindex command line
+@cindex arguments
+@cindex nohup
+
+By default, Wget is very simple to invoke.  The basic syntax is:
+
+@example
+@c man begin SYNOPSIS
+wget [@var{option}]@dots{} [@var{URL}]@dots{}
+@c man end
+@end example
+
+Wget will simply download all the @sc{url}s specified on the command
+line.  @var{URL} is a @dfn{Uniform Resource Locator}, as defined below.
+
+However, you may wish to change some of the default parameters of
+Wget.  You can do it two ways: permanently, adding the appropriate
+command to @file{.wgetrc} (@pxref{Startup File}), or specifying it on
+the command line.
+
+@menu
+* URL Format::                  
+* Option Syntax::               
+* Basic Startup Options::       
+* Logging and Input File Options::  
+* Download Options::            
+* Directory Options::           
+* HTTP Options::                
+* HTTPS (SSL/TLS) Options::     
+* FTP Options::                 
+* Recursive Retrieval Options::  
+* Recursive Accept/Reject Options::  
+* Exit Status::                 
+@end menu
+
+@node URL Format, Option Syntax, Invoking, Invoking
+@section URL Format
+@cindex URL
+@cindex URL syntax
+
+@dfn{URL} is an acronym for Uniform Resource Locator.  A uniform
+resource locator is a compact string representation for a resource
+available via the Internet.  Wget recognizes the @sc{url} syntax as per
+@sc{rfc1738}.  This is the most widely used form (square brackets denote
+optional parts):
+
+@example
+http://host[:port]/directory/file
+ftp://host[:port]/directory/file
+@end example
+
+You can also encode your username and password within a @sc{url}:
+
+@example
+ftp://user:password@@host/path
+http://user:password@@host/path
+@end example
+
+Either @var{user} or @var{password}, or both, may be left out.  If you
+leave out either the @sc{http} username or password, no authentication
+will be sent.  If you leave out the @sc{ftp} username, @samp{anonymous}
+will be used.  If you leave out the @sc{ftp} password, your email
+address will be supplied as a default password.@footnote{If you have a
+@file{.netrc} file in your home directory, password will also be
+searched for there.}
+
+@strong{Important Note}: if you specify a password-containing @sc{url}
+on the command line, the username and password will be plainly visible
+to all users on the system, by way of @code{ps}.  On multi-user systems,
+this is a big security risk.  To work around it, use @code{wget -i -}
+and feed the @sc{url}s to Wget's standard input, each on a separate
+line, terminated by @kbd{C-d}.
+
+You can encode unsafe characters in a @sc{url} as @samp{%xy}, @code{xy}
+being the hexadecimal representation of the character's @sc{ascii}
+value.  Some common unsafe characters include @samp{%} (quoted as
+@samp{%25}), @samp{:} (quoted as @samp{%3A}), and @samp{@@} (quoted as
+@samp{%40}).  Refer to @sc{rfc1738} for a comprehensive list of unsafe
+characters.
+
+Wget also supports the @code{type} feature for @sc{ftp} @sc{url}s.  By
+default, @sc{ftp} documents are retrieved in the binary mode (type
+@samp{i}), which means that they are downloaded unchanged.  Another
+useful mode is the @samp{a} (@dfn{ASCII}) mode, which converts the line
+delimiters between the different operating systems, and is thus useful
+for text files.  Here is an example:
+
+@example
+ftp://host/directory/file;type=a
+@end example
+
+Two alternative variants of @sc{url} specification are also supported,
+because of historical (hysterical?) reasons and their widespreaded use.
+
+@sc{ftp}-only syntax (supported by @code{NcFTP}):
+@example
+host:/dir/file
+@end example
+
+@sc{http}-only syntax (introduced by @code{Netscape}):
+@example
+host[:port]/dir/file
+@end example
+
+These two alternative forms are deprecated, and may cease being
+supported in the future.
+
+If you do not understand the difference between these notations, or do
+not know which one to use, just use the plain ordinary format you use
+with your favorite browser, like @code{Lynx} or @code{Netscape}.
+
+@c man begin OPTIONS
+
+@node Option Syntax, Basic Startup Options, URL Format, Invoking
+@section Option Syntax
+@cindex option syntax
+@cindex syntax of options
+
+Since Wget uses GNU getopt to process command-line arguments, every
+option has a long form along with the short one.  Long options are
+more convenient to remember, but take time to type.  You may freely
+mix different option styles, or specify options after the command-line
+arguments.  Thus you may write:
+
+@example
+wget -r --tries=10 http://fly.srk.fer.hr/ -o log
+@end example
+
+The space between the option accepting an argument and the argument may
+be omitted.  Instead of @samp{-o log} you can write @samp{-olog}.
+
+You may put several options that do not require arguments together,
+like:
+
+@example
+wget -drc @var{URL}
+@end example
+
+This is completely equivalent to:
+
+@example
+wget -d -r -c @var{URL}
+@end example
+
+Since the options can be specified after the arguments, you may
+terminate them with @samp{--}.  So the following will try to download
+@sc{url} @samp{-x}, reporting failure to @file{log}:
+
+@example
+wget -o log -- -x
+@end example
+
+The options that accept comma-separated lists all respect the convention
+that specifying an empty list clears its value.  This can be useful to
+clear the @file{.wgetrc} settings.  For instance, if your @file{.wgetrc}
+sets @code{exclude_directories} to @file{/cgi-bin}, the following
+example will first reset it, and then set it to exclude @file{/~nobody}
+and @file{/~somebody}.  You can also clear the lists in @file{.wgetrc}
+(@pxref{Wgetrc Syntax}).
+
+@example
+wget -X '' -X /~nobody,/~somebody
+@end example
+
+Most options that do not accept arguments are @dfn{boolean} options,
+so named because their state can be captured with a yes-or-no
+(``boolean'') variable.  For example, @samp{--follow-ftp} tells Wget
+to follow FTP links from HTML files and, on the other hand,
+@samp{--no-glob} tells it not to perform file globbing on FTP URLs.  A
+boolean option is either @dfn{affirmative} or @dfn{negative}
+(beginning with @samp{--no}).  All such options share several
+properties.
+
+Unless stated otherwise, it is assumed that the default behavior is
+the opposite of what the option accomplishes.  For example, the
+documented existence of @samp{--follow-ftp} assumes that the default
+is to @emph{not} follow FTP links from HTML pages.
+
+Affirmative options can be negated by prepending the @samp{--no-} to
+the option name; negative options can be negated by omitting the
+@samp{--no-} prefix.  This might seem superfluous---if the default for
+an affirmative option is to not do something, then why provide a way
+to explicitly turn it off?  But the startup file may in fact change
+the default.  For instance, using @code{follow_ftp = on} in
+@file{.wgetrc} makes Wget @emph{follow} FTP links by default, and
+using @samp{--no-follow-ftp} is the only way to restore the factory
+default from the command line.
+
+@node Basic Startup Options, Logging and Input File Options, Option Syntax, Invoking
+@section Basic Startup Options
+
+@table @samp
+@item -V
+@itemx --version
+Display the version of Wget.
+
+@item -h
+@itemx --help
+Print a help message describing all of Wget's command-line options.
+
+@item -b
+@itemx --background
+Go to background immediately after startup.  If no output file is
+specified via the @samp{-o}, output is redirected to @file{wget-log}.
+
+@cindex execute wgetrc command
+@item -e @var{command}
+@itemx --execute @var{command}
+Execute @var{command} as if it were a part of @file{.wgetrc}
+(@pxref{Startup File}).  A command thus invoked will be executed
+@emph{after} the commands in @file{.wgetrc}, thus taking precedence over
+them.  If you need to specify more than one wgetrc command, use multiple
+instances of @samp{-e}.
+
+@end table
+
+@node Logging and Input File Options, Download Options, Basic Startup Options, Invoking
+@section Logging and Input File Options
+
+@table @samp
+@cindex output file
+@cindex log file
+@item -o @var{logfile}
+@itemx --output-file=@var{logfile}
+Log all messages to @var{logfile}.  The messages are normally reported
+to standard error.
+
+@cindex append to log
+@item -a @var{logfile}
+@itemx --append-output=@var{logfile}
+Append to @var{logfile}.  This is the same as @samp{-o}, only it appends
+to @var{logfile} instead of overwriting the old log file.  If
+@var{logfile} does not exist, a new file is created.
+
+@cindex debug
+@item -d
+@itemx --debug
+Turn on debug output, meaning various information important to the
+developers of Wget if it does not work properly.  Your system
+administrator may have chosen to compile Wget without debug support, in
+which case @samp{-d} will not work.  Please note that compiling with
+debug support is always safe---Wget compiled with the debug support will
+@emph{not} print any debug info unless requested with @samp{-d}.
+@xref{Reporting Bugs}, for more information on how to use @samp{-d} for
+sending bug reports.
+
+@cindex quiet
+@item -q
+@itemx --quiet
+Turn off Wget's output.
+
+@cindex verbose
+@item -v
+@itemx --verbose
+Turn on verbose output, with all the available data.  The default output
+is verbose.
+
+@item -nv
+@itemx --no-verbose
+Turn off verbose without being completely quiet (use @samp{-q} for
+that), which means that error messages and basic information still get
+printed.
+
+@item --report-speed=@var{type}
+Output bandwidth as @var{type}.  The only accepted value is @samp{bits}.
+
+@cindex input-file
+@item -i @var{file}
+@itemx --input-file=@var{file}
+Read @sc{url}s from a local or external @var{file}.  If @samp{-} is
+specified as @var{file}, @sc{url}s are read from the standard input.  
+(Use @samp{./-} to read from a file literally named @samp{-}.)
+
+If this function is used, no @sc{url}s need be present on the command
+line.  If there are @sc{url}s both on the command line and in an input
+file, those on the command lines will be the first ones to be
+retrieved.  If @samp{--force-html} is not specified, then @var{file}
+should consist of a series of URLs, one per line.
+
+However, if you specify @samp{--force-html}, the document will be
+regarded as @samp{html}.  In that case you may have problems with
+relative links, which you can solve either by adding @code{<base
+href="@var{url}">} to the documents or by specifying
+@samp{--base=@var{url}} on the command line.
+
+If the @var{file} is an external one, the document will be automatically
+treated as @samp{html} if the Content-Type matches @samp{text/html}.
+Furthermore, the @var{file}'s location will be implicitly used as base
+href if none was specified.
+
+@cindex input-metalink
+@item --input-metalink=@var{file}
+Downloads files covered in local Metalink @var{file}. Metalink version 3
+and 4 are supported.
+
+@cindex keep-badhash
+@item --keep-badhash
+Keeps downloaded Metalink's files with a bad hash. It appends .badhash
+to the name of Metalink's files which have a checksum mismatch, except
+without overwriting existing files.
+
+@cindex metalink-over-http
+@item --metalink-over-http
+Issues HTTP HEAD request instead of GET and extracts Metalink metadata
+from response headers. Then it switches to Metalink download.
+If no valid Metalink metadata is found, it falls back to ordinary HTTP download.
+Enables @samp{Content-Type: application/metalink4+xml} files download/processing.
+
+@cindex metalink-index
+@item --metalink-index=@var{number}
+Set the Metalink @samp{application/metalink4+xml} metaurl ordinal
+NUMBER. From 1 to the total number of ``application/metalink4+xml''
+available.  Specify 0 or @samp{inf} to choose the first good one.
+Metaurls, such as those from a @samp{--metalink-over-http}, may have
+been sorted by priority key's value; keep this in mind to choose the
+right NUMBER.
+
+@cindex preferred-location
+@item --preferred-location
+Set preferred location for Metalink resources. This has effect if multiple
+resources with same priority are available.
+
+@cindex xattr
+@item --xattr
+Enable use of file system's extended attributes to save the
+original URL and the Referer HTTP header value if used.
+
+Be aware that the URL might contain private information like
+access tokens or credentials.
+
+
+@cindex force html
+@item -F
+@itemx --force-html
+When input is read from a file, force it to be treated as an @sc{html}
+file.  This enables you to retrieve relative links from existing
+@sc{html} files on your local disk, by adding @code{<base
+href="@var{url}">} to @sc{html}, or using the @samp{--base} command-line
+option.
+
+@cindex base for relative links in input file
+@item -B @var{URL}
+@itemx --base=@var{URL}
+Resolves relative links using @var{URL} as the point of reference,
+when reading links from an HTML file specified via the
+@samp{-i}/@samp{--input-file} option (together with
+@samp{--force-html}, or when the input file was fetched remotely from
+a server describing it as @sc{html}). This is equivalent to the
+presence of a @code{BASE} tag in the @sc{html} input file, with
+@var{URL} as the value for the @code{href} attribute.
+
+For instance, if you specify @samp{http://foo/bar/a.html} for
+@var{URL}, and Wget reads @samp{../baz/b.html} from the input file, it
+would be resolved to @samp{http://foo/baz/b.html}.
+
+@cindex specify config 
+@item --config=@var{FILE}
+Specify the location of a startup file you wish to use instead of the
+default one(s). Use --no-config to disable reading of config files.
+If both --config and --no-config are given, --no-config is ignored.
+
+
+@item --rejected-log=@var{logfile}
+Logs all URL rejections to @var{logfile} as comma separated values.  The values
+include the reason of rejection, the URL and the parent URL it was found in.
+
+@end table
+
+@node Download Options, Directory Options, Logging and Input File Options, Invoking
+@section Download Options
+
+@table @samp
+@cindex bind address
+@cindex client IP address
+@cindex IP address, client
+@item --bind-address=@var{ADDRESS}
+When making client TCP/IP connections, bind to @var{ADDRESS} on
+the local machine.  @var{ADDRESS} may be specified as a hostname or IP
+address.  This option can be useful if your machine is bound to multiple
+IPs.
+
+@cindex bind DNS address
+@cindex client DNS address
+@cindex DNS IP address, client, DNS
+@item --bind-dns-address=@var{ADDRESS}
+[libcares only]
+This address overrides the route for DNS requests. If you ever need to
+circumvent the standard settings from /etc/resolv.conf, this option together
+with @samp{--dns-servers} is your friend.
+@var{ADDRESS} must be specified either as IPv4 or IPv6 address.
+Wget needs to be built with libcares for this option to be available.
+
+@cindex DNS server
+@cindex DNS IP address, client, DNS
+@item --dns-servers=@var{ADDRESSES}
+[libcares only]
+The given address(es) override the standard nameserver
+addresses,  e.g. as configured in /etc/resolv.conf.
+@var{ADDRESSES} may be specified either as IPv4 or IPv6 addresses,
+comma-separated.
+Wget needs to be built with libcares for this option to be available.
+
+@cindex retries
+@cindex tries
+@cindex number of tries
+@item -t @var{number}
+@itemx --tries=@var{number}
+Set number of tries to @var{number}. Specify 0 or @samp{inf} for
+infinite retrying.  The default is to retry 20 times, with the exception
+of fatal errors like ``connection refused'' or ``not found'' (404),
+which are not retried.
+
+@item -O @var{file}
+@itemx --output-document=@var{file}
+The documents will not be written to the appropriate files, but all
+will be concatenated together and written to @var{file}.  If @samp{-}
+is used as @var{file}, documents will be printed to standard output,
+disabling link conversion.  (Use @samp{./-} to print to a file
+literally named @samp{-}.)
+
+Use of @samp{-O} is @emph{not} intended to mean simply ``use the name
+@var{file} instead of the one in the URL;'' rather, it is
+analogous to shell redirection:
+@samp{wget -O file http://foo} is intended to work like
+@samp{wget -O - http://foo > file}; @file{file} will be truncated
+immediately, and @emph{all} downloaded content will be written there.
+
+For this reason, @samp{-N} (for timestamp-checking) is not supported
+in combination with @samp{-O}: since @var{file} is always newly
+created, it will always have a very new timestamp. A warning will be
+issued if this combination is used.
+
+Similarly, using @samp{-r} or @samp{-p} with @samp{-O} may not work as
+you expect: Wget won't just download the first file to @var{file} and
+then download the rest to their normal names: @emph{all} downloaded
+content will be placed in @var{file}. This was disabled in version
+1.11, but has been reinstated (with a warning) in 1.11.2, as there are
+some cases where this behavior can actually have some use.
+
+A combination with @samp{-nc} is only accepted if the given output
+file does not exist.
+
+Note that a combination with @samp{-k} is only permitted when
+downloading a single document, as in that case it will just convert
+all relative URIs to external ones; @samp{-k} makes no sense for
+multiple URIs when they're all being downloaded to a single file;
+@samp{-k} can be used only when the output is a regular file.
+
+@cindex clobbering, file
+@cindex downloading multiple times
+@cindex no-clobber
+@item -nc
+@itemx --no-clobber
+If a file is downloaded more than once in the same directory, Wget's
+behavior depends on a few options, including @samp{-nc}.  In certain
+cases, the local file will be @dfn{clobbered}, or overwritten, upon
+repeated download.  In other cases it will be preserved.
+
+When running Wget without @samp{-N}, @samp{-nc}, @samp{-r}, or
+@samp{-p}, downloading the same file in the same directory will result
+in the original copy of @var{file} being preserved and the second copy
+being named @samp{@var{file}.1}.  If that file is downloaded yet
+again, the third copy will be named @samp{@var{file}.2}, and so on.
+(This is also the behavior with @samp{-nd}, even if @samp{-r} or
+@samp{-p} are in effect.)  When @samp{-nc} is specified, this behavior
+is suppressed, and Wget will refuse to download newer copies of
+@samp{@var{file}}.  Therefore, ``@code{no-clobber}'' is actually a
+misnomer in this mode---it's not clobbering that's prevented (as the
+numeric suffixes were already preventing clobbering), but rather the
+multiple version saving that's prevented.
+
+When running Wget with @samp{-r} or @samp{-p}, but without @samp{-N},
+@samp{-nd}, or @samp{-nc}, re-downloading a file will result in the
+new copy simply overwriting the old.  Adding @samp{-nc} will prevent
+this behavior, instead causing the original version to be preserved
+and any newer copies on the server to be ignored.
+
+When running Wget with @samp{-N}, with or without @samp{-r} or
+@samp{-p}, the decision as to whether or not to download a newer copy
+of a file depends on the local and remote timestamp and size of the
+file (@pxref{Time-Stamping}).  @samp{-nc} may not be specified at the
+same time as @samp{-N}.
+
+A combination with @samp{-O}/@samp{--output-document} is only accepted
+if the given output file does not exist.
+
+Note that when @samp{-nc} is specified, files with the suffixes
+@samp{.html} or @samp{.htm} will be loaded from the local disk and
+parsed as if they had been retrieved from the Web.
+
+@cindex backing up files
+@item --backups=@var{backups}
+Before (over)writing a file, back up an existing file by adding a
+@samp{.1} suffix (@samp{_1} on VMS) to the file name.  Such backup
+files are rotated to @samp{.2}, @samp{.3}, and so on, up to
+@var{backups} (and lost beyond that).
+
+@cindex authentication credentials
+@item --no-netrc
+Do not try to obtain credentials from @file{.netrc} file. By default
+@file{.netrc} file is searched for credentials in case none have been
+passed on command line and authentication is required.
+
+@cindex continue retrieval
+@cindex incomplete downloads
+@cindex resume download
+@item -c
+@itemx --continue
+Continue getting a partially-downloaded file.  This is useful when you
+want to finish up a download started by a previous instance of Wget, or
+by another program.  For instance:
+
+@example
+wget -c ftp://sunsite.doc.ic.ac.uk/ls-lR.Z
+@end example
+
+If there is a file named @file{ls-lR.Z} in the current directory, Wget
+will assume that it is the first portion of the remote file, and will
+ask the server to continue the retrieval from an offset equal to the
+length of the local file.
+
+Note that you don't need to specify this option if you just want the
+current invocation of Wget to retry downloading a file should the
+connection be lost midway through.  This is the default behavior.
+@samp{-c} only affects resumption of downloads started @emph{prior} to
+this invocation of Wget, and whose local files are still sitting around.
+
+Without @samp{-c}, the previous example would just download the remote
+file to @file{ls-lR.Z.1}, leaving the truncated @file{ls-lR.Z} file
+alone.
+
+If you use @samp{-c} on a non-empty file, and the server does not support
+continued downloading, Wget will restart the download from scratch and overwrite
+the existing file entirely.
+
+Beginning with Wget 1.7, if you use @samp{-c} on a file which is of
+equal size as the one on the server, Wget will refuse to download the
+file and print an explanatory message.  The same happens when the file
+is smaller on the server than locally (presumably because it was changed
+on the server since your last download attempt)---because ``continuing''
+is not meaningful, no download occurs.
+
+On the other side of the coin, while using @samp{-c}, any file that's
+bigger on the server than locally will be considered an incomplete
+download and only @code{(length(remote) - length(local))} bytes will be
+downloaded and tacked onto the end of the local file.  This behavior can
+be desirable in certain cases---for instance, you can use @samp{wget -c}
+to download just the new portion that's been appended to a data
+collection or log file.
+
+However, if the file is bigger on the server because it's been
+@emph{changed}, as opposed to just @emph{appended} to, you'll end up
+with a garbled file.  Wget has no way of verifying that the local file
+is really a valid prefix of the remote file.  You need to be especially
+careful of this when using @samp{-c} in conjunction with @samp{-r},
+since every file will be considered as an "incomplete download" candidate.
+
+Another instance where you'll get a garbled file if you try to use
+@samp{-c} is if you have a lame @sc{http} proxy that inserts a
+``transfer interrupted'' string into the local file.  In the future a
+``rollback'' option may be added to deal with this case.
+
+Note that @samp{-c} only works with @sc{ftp} servers and with @sc{http}
+servers that support the @code{Range} header.
+
+@cindex offset
+@cindex continue retrieval
+@cindex incomplete downloads
+@cindex resume download
+@cindex start position
+@item --start-pos=@var{OFFSET}
+Start downloading at zero-based position @var{OFFSET}.  Offset may be expressed
+in bytes, kilobytes with the `k' suffix, or megabytes with the `m' suffix, etc.
+
+@samp{--start-pos} has higher precedence over @samp{--continue}.  When
+@samp{--start-pos} and @samp{--continue} are both specified, wget will emit a
+warning then proceed as if @samp{--continue} was absent.
+
+Server support for continued download is required, otherwise @samp{--start-pos}
+cannot help.  See @samp{-c} for details.
+
+@cindex progress indicator
+@cindex dot style
+@item --progress=@var{type}
+Select the type of the progress indicator you wish to use.  Legal
+indicators are ``dot'' and ``bar''.
+
+The ``bar'' indicator is used by default.  It draws an @sc{ascii} progress
+bar graphics (a.k.a ``thermometer'' display) indicating the status of
+retrieval.  If the output is not a TTY, the ``dot'' bar will be used by
+default.
+
+Use @samp{--progress=dot} to switch to the ``dot'' display.  It traces
+the retrieval by printing dots on the screen, each dot representing a
+fixed amount of downloaded data.
+
+The progress @var{type} can also take one or more parameters.  The parameters
+vary based on the @var{type} selected.  Parameters to @var{type} are passed by
+appending them to the type sperated by a colon (:) like this:
+@samp{--progress=@var{type}:@var{parameter1}:@var{parameter2}}.
+
+When using the dotted retrieval, you may set the @dfn{style} by
+specifying the type as @samp{dot:@var{style}}.  Different styles assign
+different meaning to one dot.  With the @code{default} style each dot
+represents 1K, there are ten dots in a cluster and 50 dots in a line.
+The @code{binary} style has a more ``computer''-like orientation---8K
+dots, 16-dots clusters and 48 dots per line (which makes for 384K
+lines).  The @code{mega} style is suitable for downloading large
+files---each dot represents 64K retrieved, there are eight dots in a
+cluster, and 48 dots on each line (so each line contains 3M).
+If @code{mega} is not enough then you can use the @code{giga}
+style---each dot represents 1M retrieved, there are eight dots in a
+cluster, and 32 dots on each line (so each line contains 32M).
+
+With @samp{--progress=bar}, there are currently two possible parameters,
+@var{force} and @var{noscroll}.
+
+When the output is not a TTY, the progress bar always falls back to ``dot'',
+even if @samp{--progress=bar} was passed to Wget during invocation. This
+behaviour can be overridden and the ``bar'' output forced by using the ``force''
+parameter as @samp{--progress=bar:force}.
+
+By default, the @samp{bar} style progress bar scroll the name of the file from
+left to right for the file being downloaded if the filename exceeds the maximum
+length allotted for its display.  In certain cases, such as with
+@samp{--progress=bar:force}, one may not want the scrolling filename in the
+progress bar.  By passing the ``noscroll'' parameter, Wget can be forced to
+display as much of the filename as possible without scrolling through it.
+
+Note that you can set the default style using the @code{progress}
+command in @file{.wgetrc}.  That setting may be overridden from the
+command line.  For example, to force the bar output without scrolling,
+use @samp{--progress=bar:force:noscroll}.
+
+@item --show-progress
+Force wget to display the progress bar in any verbosity.
+
+By default, wget only displays the progress bar in verbose mode.  One may
+however, want wget to display the progress bar on screen in conjunction with
+any other verbosity modes like @samp{--no-verbose} or @samp{--quiet}.  This
+is often a desired a property when invoking wget to download several small/large
+files.  In such a case, wget could simply be invoked with this parameter to get
+a much cleaner output on the screen.
+
+This option will also force the progress bar to be printed to @file{stderr} when
+used alongside the @samp{--logfile} option.
+
+@item -N
+@itemx --timestamping
+Turn on time-stamping.  @xref{Time-Stamping}, for details.
+
+@item --no-if-modified-since
+Do not send If-Modified-Since header in @samp{-N} mode. Send preliminary HEAD
+request instead. This has only effect in @samp{-N} mode.
+
+@item --no-use-server-timestamps
+Don't set the local file's timestamp by the one on the server.
+
+By default, when a file is downloaded, its timestamps are set to
+match those from the remote file. This allows the use of
+@samp{--timestamping} on subsequent invocations of wget. However, it
+is sometimes useful to base the local file's timestamp on when it was
+actually downloaded; for that purpose, the
+@samp{--no-use-server-timestamps} option has been provided.
+
+@cindex server response, print
+@item -S
+@itemx --server-response
+Print the headers sent by @sc{http} servers and responses sent by
+@sc{ftp} servers.
+
+@cindex Wget as spider
+@cindex spider
+@item --spider
+When invoked with this option, Wget will behave as a Web @dfn{spider},
+which means that it will not download the pages, just check that they
+are there.  For example, you can use Wget to check your bookmarks:
+
+@example
+wget --spider --force-html -i bookmarks.html
+@end example
+
+This feature needs much more work for Wget to get close to the
+functionality of real web spiders.
+
+@cindex timeout
+@item -T seconds
+@itemx --timeout=@var{seconds}
+Set the network timeout to @var{seconds} seconds.  This is equivalent
+to specifying @samp{--dns-timeout}, @samp{--connect-timeout}, and
+@samp{--read-timeout}, all at the same time.
+
+When interacting with the network, Wget can check for timeout and
+abort the operation if it takes too long.  This prevents anomalies
+like hanging reads and infinite connects.  The only timeout enabled by
+default is a 900-second read timeout.  Setting a timeout to 0 disables
+it altogether.  Unless you know what you are doing, it is best not to
+change the default timeout settings.
+
+All timeout-related options accept decimal values, as well as
+subsecond values.  For example, @samp{0.1} seconds is a legal (though
+unwise) choice of timeout.  Subsecond timeouts are useful for checking
+server response times or for testing network latency.
+
+@cindex DNS timeout
+@cindex timeout, DNS
+@item --dns-timeout=@var{seconds}
+Set the DNS lookup timeout to @var{seconds} seconds.  DNS lookups that
+don't complete within the specified time will fail.  By default, there
+is no timeout on DNS lookups, other than that implemented by system
+libraries.
+
+@cindex connect timeout
+@cindex timeout, connect
+@item --connect-timeout=@var{seconds}
+Set the connect timeout to @var{seconds} seconds.  TCP connections that
+take longer to establish will be aborted.  By default, there is no
+connect timeout, other than that implemented by system libraries.
+
+@cindex read timeout
+@cindex timeout, read
+@item --read-timeout=@var{seconds}
+Set the read (and write) timeout to @var{seconds} seconds.  The
+``time'' of this timeout refers to @dfn{idle time}: if, at any point in
+the download, no data is received for more than the specified number
+of seconds, reading fails and the download is restarted.  This option
+does not directly affect the duration of the entire download.
+
+Of course, the remote server may choose to terminate the connection
+sooner than this option requires.  The default read timeout is 900
+seconds.
+
+@cindex bandwidth, limit
+@cindex rate, limit
+@cindex limit bandwidth
+@item --limit-rate=@var{amount}
+Limit the download speed to @var{amount} bytes per second.  Amount may
+be expressed in bytes, kilobytes with the @samp{k} suffix, or megabytes
+with the @samp{m} suffix.  For example, @samp{--limit-rate=20k} will
+limit the retrieval rate to 20KB/s.  This is useful when, for whatever
+reason, you don't want Wget to consume the entire available bandwidth.
+
+This option allows the use of decimal numbers, usually in conjunction
+with power suffixes; for example, @samp{--limit-rate=2.5k} is a legal
+value.
+
+Note that Wget implements the limiting by sleeping the appropriate
+amount of time after a network read that took less time than specified
+by the rate.  Eventually this strategy causes the TCP transfer to slow
+down to approximately the specified rate.  However, it may take some
+time for this balance to be achieved, so don't be surprised if limiting
+the rate doesn't work well with very small files.
+
+@cindex pause
+@cindex wait
+@item -w @var{seconds}
+@itemx --wait=@var{seconds}
+Wait the specified number of seconds between the retrievals.  Use of
+this option is recommended, as it lightens the server load by making the
+requests less frequent.  Instead of in seconds, the time can be
+specified in minutes using the @code{m} suffix, in hours using @code{h}
+suffix, or in days using @code{d} suffix.
+
+Specifying a large value for this option is useful if the network or the
+destination host is down, so that Wget can wait long enough to
+reasonably expect the network error to be fixed before the retry.  The
+waiting interval specified by this function is influenced by
+@code{--random-wait}, which see.
+
+@cindex retries, waiting between
+@cindex waiting between retries
+@item --waitretry=@var{seconds}
+If you don't want Wget to wait between @emph{every} retrieval, but only
+between retries of failed downloads, you can use this option.  Wget will
+use @dfn{linear backoff}, waiting 1 second after the first failure on a
+given file, then waiting 2 seconds after the second failure on that
+file, up to the maximum number of @var{seconds} you specify.
+
+By default, Wget will assume a value of 10 seconds.
+
+@cindex wait, random
+@cindex random wait
+@item --random-wait
+Some web sites may perform log analysis to identify retrieval programs
+such as Wget by looking for statistically significant similarities in
+the time between requests. This option causes the time between requests
+to vary between 0.5 and 1.5 * @var{wait} seconds, where @var{wait} was
+specified using the @samp{--wait} option, in order to mask Wget's
+presence from such analysis.
+
+A 2001 article in a publication devoted to development on a popular
+consumer platform provided code to perform this analysis on the fly.
+Its author suggested blocking at the class C address level to ensure
+automated retrieval programs were blocked despite changing DHCP-supplied
+addresses.
+
+The @samp{--random-wait} option was inspired by this ill-advised
+recommendation to block many unrelated users from a web site due to the
+actions of one.
+
+@cindex proxy
+@item --no-proxy
+Don't use proxies, even if the appropriate @code{*_proxy} environment
+variable is defined.
+
+@c man end
+@xref{Proxies}, for more information about the use of proxies with
+Wget.
+@c man begin OPTIONS
+
+@cindex quota
+@item -Q @var{quota}
+@itemx --quota=@var{quota}
+Specify download quota for automatic retrievals.  The value can be
+specified in bytes (default), kilobytes (with @samp{k} suffix), or
+megabytes (with @samp{m} suffix).
+
+Note that quota will never affect downloading a single file.  So if you
+specify @samp{wget -Q10k https://example.com/ls-lR.gz}, all of the
+@file{ls-lR.gz} will be downloaded.  The same goes even when several
+@sc{url}s are specified on the command-line.  However, quota is
+respected when retrieving either recursively, or from an input file.
+Thus you may safely type @samp{wget -Q2m -i sites}---download will be
+aborted when the quota is exceeded.
+
+Setting quota to 0 or to @samp{inf} unlimits the download quota.
+
+@cindex DNS cache
+@cindex caching of DNS lookups
+@item --no-dns-cache
+Turn off caching of DNS lookups.  Normally, Wget remembers the IP
+addresses it looked up from DNS so it doesn't have to repeatedly
+contact the DNS server for the same (typically small) set of hosts it
+retrieves from.  This cache exists in memory only; a new Wget run will
+contact DNS again.
+
+However, it has been reported that in some situations it is not
+desirable to cache host names, even for the duration of a
+short-running application like Wget.  With this option Wget issues a
+new DNS lookup (more precisely, a new call to @code{gethostbyname} or
+@code{getaddrinfo}) each time it makes a new connection.  Please note
+that this option will @emph{not} affect caching that might be
+performed by the resolving library or by an external caching layer,
+such as NSCD.
+
+If you don't understand exactly what this option does, you probably
+won't need it.
+
+@cindex file names, restrict
+@cindex Windows file names
+@item --restrict-file-names=@var{modes}
+Change which characters found in remote URLs must be escaped during
+generation of local filenames.  Characters that are @dfn{restricted}
+by this option are escaped, i.e. replaced with @samp{%HH}, where
+@samp{HH} is the hexadecimal number that corresponds to the restricted
+character. This option may also be used to force all alphabetical
+cases to be either lower- or uppercase.
+
+By default, Wget escapes the characters that are not valid or safe as
+part of file names on your operating system, as well as control
+characters that are typically unprintable.  This option is useful for
+changing these defaults, perhaps because you are downloading to a
+non-native partition, or because you want to disable escaping of the
+control characters, or you want to further restrict characters to only
+those in the @sc{ascii} range of values.
+
+The @var{modes} are a comma-separated set of text values. The
+acceptable values are @samp{unix}, @samp{windows}, @samp{nocontrol},
+@samp{ascii}, @samp{lowercase}, and @samp{uppercase}. The values
+@samp{unix} and @samp{windows} are mutually exclusive (one will
+override the other), as are @samp{lowercase} and
+@samp{uppercase}. Those last are special cases, as they do not change
+the set of characters that would be escaped, but rather force local
+file paths to be converted either to lower- or uppercase.
+
+When ``unix'' is specified, Wget escapes the character @samp{/} and
+the control characters in the ranges 0--31 and 128--159.  This is the
+default on Unix-like operating systems.
+
+When ``windows'' is given, Wget escapes the characters @samp{\},
+@samp{|}, @samp{/}, @samp{:}, @samp{?}, @samp{"}, @samp{*}, @samp{<},
+@samp{>}, and the control characters in the ranges 0--31 and 128--159.
+In addition to this, Wget in Windows mode uses @samp{+} instead of
+@samp{:} to separate host and port in local file names, and uses
+@samp{@@} instead of @samp{?} to separate the query portion of the file
+name from the rest.  Therefore, a URL that would be saved as
+@samp{www.xemacs.org:4300/search.pl?input=blah} in Unix mode would be
+saved as @samp{www.xemacs.org+4300/search.pl@@input=blah} in Windows
+mode.  This mode is the default on Windows.
+
+If you specify @samp{nocontrol}, then the escaping of the control
+characters is also switched off. This option may make sense
+when you are downloading URLs whose names contain UTF-8 characters, on
+a system which can save and display filenames in UTF-8 (some possible
+byte values used in UTF-8 byte sequences fall in the range of values
+designated by Wget as ``controls'').
+
+The @samp{ascii} mode is used to specify that any bytes whose values
+are outside the range of @sc{ascii} characters (that is, greater than
+127) shall be escaped. This can be useful when saving filenames
+whose encoding does not match the one used locally.
+
+@cindex IPv6
+@item -4
+@itemx --inet4-only
+@itemx -6
+@itemx --inet6-only
+Force connecting to IPv4 or IPv6 addresses.  With @samp{--inet4-only}
+or @samp{-4}, Wget will only connect to IPv4 hosts, ignoring AAAA
+records in DNS, and refusing to connect to IPv6 addresses specified in
+URLs.  Conversely, with @samp{--inet6-only} or @samp{-6}, Wget will
+only connect to IPv6 hosts and ignore A records and IPv4 addresses.
+
+Neither options should be needed normally.  By default, an IPv6-aware
+Wget will use the address family specified by the host's DNS record.
+If the DNS responds with both IPv4 and IPv6 addresses, Wget will try
+them in sequence until it finds one it can connect to.  (Also see
+@code{--prefer-family} option described below.)
+
+These options can be used to deliberately force the use of IPv4 or
+IPv6 address families on dual family systems, usually to aid debugging
+or to deal with broken network configuration.  Only one of
+@samp{--inet6-only} and @samp{--inet4-only} may be specified at the
+same time.  Neither option is available in Wget compiled without IPv6
+support.
+
+@item --prefer-family=none/IPv4/IPv6
+When given a choice of several addresses, connect to the addresses
+with specified address family first.  The address order returned by
+DNS is used without change by default.
+
+This avoids spurious errors and connect attempts when accessing hosts
+that resolve to both IPv6 and IPv4 addresses from IPv4 networks.  For
+example, @samp{www.kame.net} resolves to
+@samp{2001:200:0:8002:203:47ff:fea5:3085} and to
+@samp{203.178.141.194}.  When the preferred family is @code{IPv4}, the
+IPv4 address is used first; when the preferred family is @code{IPv6},
+the IPv6 address is used first; if the specified value is @code{none},
+the address order returned by DNS is used without change.
+
+Unlike @samp{-4} and @samp{-6}, this option doesn't inhibit access to
+any address family, it only changes the @emph{order} in which the
+addresses are accessed.  Also note that the reordering performed by
+this option is @dfn{stable}---it doesn't affect order of addresses of
+the same family.  That is, the relative order of all IPv4 addresses
+and of all IPv6 addresses remains intact in all cases.
+
+@item --retry-connrefused
+Consider ``connection refused'' a transient error and try again.
+Normally Wget gives up on a URL when it is unable to connect to the
+site because failure to connect is taken as a sign that the server is
+not running at all and that retries would not help.  This option is
+for mirroring unreliable sites whose servers tend to disappear for
+short periods of time.
+
+@cindex user
+@cindex password
+@cindex authentication
+@item --user=@var{user}
+@itemx --password=@var{password}
+Specify the username @var{user} and password @var{password} for both
+@sc{ftp} and @sc{http} file retrieval.  These parameters can be overridden
+using the @samp{--ftp-user} and @samp{--ftp-password} options for 
+@sc{ftp} connections and the @samp{--http-user} and @samp{--http-password} 
+options for @sc{http} connections.
+
+@item --ask-password
+Prompt for a password for each connection established. Cannot be specified
+when @samp{--password} is being used, because they are mutually exclusive.
+
+@item --use-askpass=@var{command}
+Prompt for a user and password using the specified command.  If no command is
+specified then the command in the environment variable WGET_ASKPASS is used.
+If WGET_ASKPASS is not set then the command in the environment variable
+SSH_ASKPASS is used.
+
+You can set the default command for use-askpass in the @file{.wgetrc}.  That
+setting may be overridden from the command line.
+
+@cindex iri support
+@cindex idn support
+@item --no-iri
+
+Turn off internationalized URI (IRI) support. Use @samp{--iri} to
+turn it on. IRI support is activated by default.
+
+You can set the default state of IRI support using the @code{iri}
+command in @file{.wgetrc}. That setting may be overridden from the
+command line.
+
+@cindex local encoding
+@item --local-encoding=@var{encoding}
+
+Force Wget to use @var{encoding} as the default system encoding. That affects
+how Wget converts URLs specified as arguments from locale to @sc{utf-8} for
+IRI support.
+
+Wget use the function @code{nl_langinfo()} and then the @code{CHARSET}
+environment variable to get the locale. If it fails, @sc{ascii} is used.
+
+You can set the default local encoding using the @code{local_encoding}
+command in @file{.wgetrc}. That setting may be overridden from the
+command line.
+
+@cindex remote encoding
+@item --remote-encoding=@var{encoding}
+
+Force Wget to use @var{encoding} as the default remote server encoding.
+That affects how Wget converts URIs found in files from remote encoding
+to @sc{utf-8} during a recursive fetch. This options is only useful for
+IRI support, for the interpretation of non-@sc{ascii} characters.
+
+For HTTP, remote encoding can be found in HTTP @code{Content-Type}
+header and in HTML @code{Content-Type http-equiv} meta tag.
+
+You can set the default encoding using the @code{remoteencoding}
+command in @file{.wgetrc}. That setting may be overridden from the
+command line.
+
+@cindex unlink
+@item --unlink
+
+Force Wget to unlink file instead of clobbering existing file. This
+option is useful for downloading to the directory with hardlinks.
+
+@end table
+
+@node Directory Options, HTTP Options, Download Options, Invoking
+@section Directory Options
+
+@table @samp       
+@item -nd
+@itemx --no-directories
+Do not create a hierarchy of directories when retrieving recursively.
+With this option turned on, all files will get saved to the current
+directory, without clobbering (if a name shows up more than once, the
+filenames will get extensions @samp{.n}).
+
+@item -x
+@itemx --force-directories
+The opposite of @samp{-nd}---create a hierarchy of directories, even if
+one would not have been created otherwise.  E.g. @samp{wget -x
+http://fly.srk.fer.hr/robots.txt} will save the downloaded file to
+@file{fly.srk.fer.hr/robots.txt}.
+
+@item -nH
+@itemx --no-host-directories
+Disable generation of host-prefixed directories.  By default, invoking
+Wget with @samp{-r http://fly.srk.fer.hr/} will create a structure of
+directories beginning with @file{fly.srk.fer.hr/}.  This option disables
+such behavior.
+
+@item --protocol-directories
+Use the protocol name as a directory component of local file names.  For
+example, with this option, @samp{wget -r http://@var{host}} will save to
+@samp{http/@var{host}/...} rather than just to @samp{@var{host}/...}.
+
+@cindex cut directories
+@item --cut-dirs=@var{number}
+Ignore @var{number} directory components.  This is useful for getting a
+fine-grained control over the directory where recursive retrieval will
+be saved.
+
+Take, for example, the directory at
+@samp{ftp://ftp.xemacs.org/pub/xemacs/}.  If you retrieve it with
+@samp{-r}, it will be saved locally under
+@file{ftp.xemacs.org/pub/xemacs/}.  While the @samp{-nH} option can
+remove the @file{ftp.xemacs.org/} part, you are still stuck with
+@file{pub/xemacs}.  This is where @samp{--cut-dirs} comes in handy; it
+makes Wget not ``see'' @var{number} remote directory components.  Here
+are several examples of how @samp{--cut-dirs} option works.
+
+@example
+@group
+No options        -> ftp.xemacs.org/pub/xemacs/
+-nH               -> pub/xemacs/
+-nH --cut-dirs=1  -> xemacs/
+-nH --cut-dirs=2  -> .
+
+--cut-dirs=1      -> ftp.xemacs.org/xemacs/
+...
+@end group
+@end example
+
+If you just want to get rid of the directory structure, this option is
+similar to a combination of @samp{-nd} and @samp{-P}.  However, unlike
+@samp{-nd}, @samp{--cut-dirs} does not lose with subdirectories---for
+instance, with @samp{-nH --cut-dirs=1}, a @file{beta/} subdirectory will
+be placed to @file{xemacs/beta}, as one would expect.
+
+@cindex directory prefix
+@item -P @var{prefix}
+@itemx --directory-prefix=@var{prefix}
+Set directory prefix to @var{prefix}.  The @dfn{directory prefix} is the
+directory where all other files and subdirectories will be saved to,
+i.e. the top of the retrieval tree.  The default is @samp{.} (the
+current directory).
+@end table
+
+@node HTTP Options, HTTPS (SSL/TLS) Options, Directory Options, Invoking
+@section HTTP Options
+
+@table @samp
+@cindex default page name
+@cindex index.html
+@item --default-page=@var{name}
+Use @var{name} as the default file name when it isn't known (i.e., for
+URLs that end in a slash), instead of @file{index.html}.
+
+@cindex .html extension
+@cindex .css extension
+@item -E
+@itemx --adjust-extension
+If a file of type @samp{application/xhtml+xml} or @samp{text/html} is 
+downloaded and the URL does not end with the regexp 
+@samp{\.[Hh][Tt][Mm][Ll]?}, this option will cause the suffix @samp{.html} 
+to be appended to the local filename.  This is useful, for instance, when 
+you're mirroring a remote site that uses @samp{.asp} pages, but you want 
+the mirrored pages to be viewable on your stock Apache server.  Another 
+good use for this is when you're downloading CGI-generated materials.  A URL 
+like @samp{http://site.com/article.cgi?25} will be saved as
+@file{article.cgi?25.html}.
+
+Note that filenames changed in this way will be re-downloaded every time
+you re-mirror a site, because Wget can't tell that the local
+@file{@var{X}.html} file corresponds to remote URL @samp{@var{X}} (since
+it doesn't yet know that the URL produces output of type
+@samp{text/html} or @samp{application/xhtml+xml}.
+
+As of version 1.12, Wget will also ensure that any downloaded files of
+type @samp{text/css} end in the suffix @samp{.css}, and the option was
+renamed from @samp{--html-extension}, to better reflect its new
+behavior. The old option name is still acceptable, but should now be
+considered deprecated.
+
+As of version 1.19.2, Wget will also ensure that any downloaded files with
+a @code{Content-Encoding} of @samp{br}, @samp{compress}, @samp{deflate}
+or @samp{gzip} end in the suffix @samp{.br}, @samp{.Z}, @samp{.zlib}
+and @samp{.gz} respectively.
+
+At some point in the future, this option may well be expanded to
+include suffixes for other types of content, including content types
+that are not parsed by Wget.
+
+@cindex http user
+@cindex http password
+@cindex authentication
+@item --http-user=@var{user}
+@itemx --http-password=@var{password}
+Specify the username @var{user} and password @var{password} on an
+@sc{http} server.  According to the type of the challenge, Wget will
+encode them using either the @code{basic} (insecure),
+the @code{digest}, or the Windows @code{NTLM} authentication scheme.
+
+Another way to specify username and password is in the @sc{url} itself
+(@pxref{URL Format}).  Either method reveals your password to anyone who
+bothers to run @code{ps}.  To prevent the passwords from being seen,
+use the @samp{--use-askpass} or store them in @file{.wgetrc} or @file{.netrc},
+and make sure to protect those files from other users with @code{chmod}.  If
+the passwords are really important, do not leave them lying in those files
+either---edit the files and delete them after Wget has started the download.
+
+@iftex
+@xref{Security Considerations}, for more information about security
+issues with Wget.
+@end iftex
+
+@cindex Keep-Alive, turning off
+@cindex Persistent Connections, disabling
+@item --no-http-keep-alive
+Turn off the ``keep-alive'' feature for HTTP downloads.  Normally, Wget
+asks the server to keep the connection open so that, when you download
+more than one document from the same server, they get transferred over
+the same TCP connection.  This saves time and at the same time reduces
+the load on the server.
+
+This option is useful when, for some reason, persistent (keep-alive)
+connections don't work for you, for example due to a server bug or due
+to the inability of server-side scripts to cope with the connections.
+
+@cindex proxy
+@cindex cache
+@item --no-cache
+Disable server-side cache.  In this case, Wget will send the remote
+server an appropriate directive (@samp{Pragma: no-cache}) to get the
+file from the remote service, rather than returning the cached version.
+This is especially useful for retrieving and flushing out-of-date
+documents on proxy servers.
+
+Caching is allowed by default.
+
+@cindex cookies
+@item --no-cookies
+Disable the use of cookies.  Cookies are a mechanism for maintaining
+server-side state.  The server sends the client a cookie using the
+@code{Set-Cookie} header, and the client responds with the same cookie
+upon further requests.  Since cookies allow the server owners to keep
+track of visitors and for sites to exchange this information, some
+consider them a breach of privacy.  The default is to use cookies;
+however, @emph{storing} cookies is not on by default.
+
+@cindex loading cookies
+@cindex cookies, loading
+@item --load-cookies @var{file}
+Load cookies from @var{file} before the first HTTP retrieval.
+@var{file} is a textual file in the format originally used by Netscape's
+@file{cookies.txt} file.
+
+You will typically use this option when mirroring sites that require
+that you be logged in to access some or all of their content.  The login
+process typically works by the web server issuing an @sc{http} cookie
+upon receiving and verifying your credentials.  The cookie is then
+resent by the browser when accessing that part of the site, and so
+proves your identity.
+
+Mirroring such a site requires Wget to send the same cookies your
+browser sends when communicating with the site.  This is achieved by
+@samp{--load-cookies}---simply point Wget to the location of the
+@file{cookies.txt} file, and it will send the same cookies your browser
+would send in the same situation.  Different browsers keep textual
+cookie files in different locations:
+
+@table @asis
+@item Netscape 4.x.
+The cookies are in @file{~/.netscape/cookies.txt}.
+
+@item Mozilla and Netscape 6.x.
+Mozilla's cookie file is also named @file{cookies.txt}, located
+somewhere under @file{~/.mozilla}, in the directory of your profile.
+The full path usually ends up looking somewhat like
+@file{~/.mozilla/default/@var{some-weird-string}/cookies.txt}.
+
+@item Internet Explorer.
+You can produce a cookie file Wget can use by using the File menu,
+Import and Export, Export Cookies.  This has been tested with Internet
+Explorer 5; it is not guaranteed to work with earlier versions.
+
+@item Other browsers.
+If you are using a different browser to create your cookies,
+@samp{--load-cookies} will only work if you can locate or produce a
+cookie file in the Netscape format that Wget expects.
+@end table
+
+If you cannot use @samp{--load-cookies}, there might still be an
+alternative.  If your browser supports a ``cookie manager'', you can use
+it to view the cookies used when accessing the site you're mirroring.
+Write down the name and value of the cookie, and manually instruct Wget
+to send those cookies, bypassing the ``official'' cookie support:
+
+@example
+wget --no-cookies --header "Cookie: @var{name}=@var{value}"
+@end example
+
+@cindex saving cookies
+@cindex cookies, saving
+@item --save-cookies @var{file}
+Save cookies to @var{file} before exiting.  This will not save cookies
+that have expired or that have no expiry time (so-called ``session
+cookies''), but also see @samp{--keep-session-cookies}.
+
+@cindex cookies, session
+@cindex session cookies
+@item --keep-session-cookies
+When specified, causes @samp{--save-cookies} to also save session
+cookies.  Session cookies are normally not saved because they are
+meant to be kept in memory and forgotten when you exit the browser.
+Saving them is useful on sites that require you to log in or to visit
+the home page before you can access some pages.  With this option,
+multiple Wget runs are considered a single browser session as far as
+the site is concerned.
+
+Since the cookie file format does not normally carry session cookies,
+Wget marks them with an expiry timestamp of 0.  Wget's
+@samp{--load-cookies} recognizes those as session cookies, but it might
+confuse other browsers.  Also note that cookies so loaded will be
+treated as other session cookies, which means that if you want
+@samp{--save-cookies} to preserve them again, you must use
+@samp{--keep-session-cookies} again.
+
+@cindex Content-Length, ignore
+@cindex ignore length
+@item --ignore-length
+Unfortunately, some @sc{http} servers (@sc{cgi} programs, to be more
+precise) send out bogus @code{Content-Length} headers, which makes Wget
+go wild, as it thinks not all the document was retrieved.  You can spot
+this syndrome if Wget retries getting the same document again and again,
+each time claiming that the (otherwise normal) connection has closed on
+the very same byte.
+
+With this option, Wget will ignore the @code{Content-Length} header---as
+if it never existed.
+
+@cindex header, add
+@item --header=@var{header-line}
+Send @var{header-line} along with the rest of the headers in each
+@sc{http} request.  The supplied header is sent as-is, which means it
+must contain name and value separated by colon, and must not contain
+newlines.
+
+You may define more than one additional header by specifying
+@samp{--header} more than once.
+
+@example
+@group
+wget --header='Accept-Charset: iso-8859-2' \
+     --header='Accept-Language: hr'        \
+       http://fly.srk.fer.hr/
+@end group
+@end example
+
+Specification of an empty string as the header value will clear all
+previous user-defined headers.
+
+As of Wget 1.10, this option can be used to override headers otherwise
+generated automatically.  This example instructs Wget to connect to
+localhost, but to specify @samp{foo.bar} in the @code{Host} header:
+
+@example
+wget --header="Host: foo.bar" http://localhost/
+@end example
+
+In versions of Wget prior to 1.10 such use of @samp{--header} caused
+sending of duplicate headers.
+
+@cindex Content-Encoding, choose
+@item --compression=@var{type}
+Choose the type of compression to be used.  Legal values are
+@samp{auto}, @samp{gzip} and @samp{none}.
+
+If @samp{auto} or @samp{gzip} are specified, Wget asks the server to
+compress the file using the gzip compression format. If the server
+compresses the file and responds with the @code{Content-Encoding}
+header field set appropriately, the file will be decompressed
+automatically.
+
+If @samp{none} is specified, wget will not ask the server to compress
+the file and will not decompress any server responses. This is the default.
+
+Compression support is currently experimental. In case it is turned on,
+please report any bugs to @code{bug-wget@@gnu.org}.
+
+@cindex redirect
+@item --max-redirect=@var{number}
+Specifies the maximum number of redirections to follow for a resource.
+The default is 20, which is usually far more than necessary. However, on
+those occasions where you want to allow more (or fewer), this is the
+option to use.
+
+@cindex proxy user
+@cindex proxy password
+@cindex proxy authentication
+@item --proxy-user=@var{user}
+@itemx --proxy-password=@var{password}
+Specify the username @var{user} and password @var{password} for
+authentication on a proxy server.  Wget will encode them using the
+@code{basic} authentication scheme.
+
+Security considerations similar to those with @samp{--http-password}
+pertain here as well.
+
+@cindex http referer
+@cindex referer, http
+@item --referer=@var{url}
+Include `Referer: @var{url}' header in HTTP request.  Useful for
+retrieving documents with server-side processing that assume they are
+always being retrieved by interactive web browsers and only come out
+properly when Referer is set to one of the pages that point to them.
+
+@cindex server response, save
+@item --save-headers
+Save the headers sent by the @sc{http} server to the file, preceding the
+actual contents, with an empty line as the separator.
+
+@cindex user-agent
+@item -U @var{agent-string}
+@itemx --user-agent=@var{agent-string}
+Identify as @var{agent-string} to the @sc{http} server.
+
+The @sc{http} protocol allows the clients to identify themselves using a
+@code{User-Agent} header field.  This enables distinguishing the
+@sc{www} software, usually for statistical purposes or for tracing of
+protocol violations.  Wget normally identifies as
+@samp{Wget/@var{version}}, @var{version} being the current version
+number of Wget.
+
+However, some sites have been known to impose the policy of tailoring
+the output according to the @code{User-Agent}-supplied information.
+While this is not such a bad idea in theory, it has been abused by
+servers denying information to clients other than (historically)
+Netscape or, more frequently, Microsoft Internet Explorer.  This
+option allows you to change the @code{User-Agent} line issued by Wget.
+Use of this option is discouraged, unless you really know what you are
+doing.
+
+Specifying empty user agent with @samp{--user-agent=""} instructs Wget
+not to send the @code{User-Agent} header in @sc{http} requests.
+
+@cindex POST
+@item --post-data=@var{string}
+@itemx --post-file=@var{file}
+Use POST as the method for all HTTP requests and send the specified
+data in the request body.  @samp{--post-data} sends @var{string} as
+data, whereas @samp{--post-file} sends the contents of @var{file}.
+Other than that, they work in exactly the same way. In particular,
+they @emph{both} expect content of the form @code{key1=value1&key2=value2},
+with percent-encoding for special characters; the only difference is
+that one expects its content as a command-line parameter and the other
+accepts its content from a file. In particular, @samp{--post-file} is
+@emph{not} for transmitting files as form attachments: those must
+appear as @code{key=value} data (with appropriate percent-coding) just
+like everything else. Wget does not currently support
+@code{multipart/form-data} for transmitting POST data; only
+@code{application/x-www-form-urlencoded}. Only one of
+@samp{--post-data} and @samp{--post-file} should be specified.
+
+Please note that wget does not require the content to be of the form
+@code{key1=value1&key2=value2}, and neither does it test for it. Wget will
+simply transmit whatever data is provided to it. Most servers however expect
+the POST data to be in the above format when processing HTML Forms.
+
+When sending a POST request using the @samp{--post-file} option, Wget treats
+the file as a binary file and will send every character in the POST request
+without stripping trailing newline or formfeed characters. Any other control
+characters in the text will also be sent as-is in the POST request.
+
+Please be aware that Wget needs to know the size of the POST data in
+advance.  Therefore the argument to @code{--post-file} must be a regular
+file; specifying a FIFO or something like @file{/dev/stdin} won't work.
+It's not quite clear how to work around this limitation inherent in
+HTTP/1.0.  Although HTTP/1.1 introduces @dfn{chunked} transfer that
+doesn't require knowing the request length in advance, a client can't
+use chunked unless it knows it's talking to an HTTP/1.1 server.  And it
+can't know that until it receives a response, which in turn requires the
+request to have been completed -- a chicken-and-egg problem.
+
+Note: As of version 1.15 if Wget is redirected after the POST request is
+completed, its behaviour will depend on the response code returned by the
+server.  In case of a 301 Moved Permanently, 302 Moved Temporarily or
+307 Temporary Redirect, Wget will, in accordance with RFC2616, continue
+to send a POST request.
+In case a server wants the client to change the Request method upon
+redirection, it should send a 303 See Other response code.
+
+This example shows how to log in to a server using POST and then proceed to
+download the desired pages, presumably only accessible to authorized
+users:
+
+@example
+@group
+# @r{Log in to the server.  This can be done only once.}
+wget --save-cookies cookies.txt \
+     --post-data 'user=foo&password=bar' \
+     http://example.com/auth.php
+
+# @r{Now grab the page or pages we care about.}
+wget --load-cookies cookies.txt \
+     -p http://example.com/interesting/article.php
+@end group
+@end example
+
+If the server is using session cookies to track user authentication,
+the above will not work because @samp{--save-cookies} will not save
+them (and neither will browsers) and the @file{cookies.txt} file will
+be empty.  In that case use @samp{--keep-session-cookies} along with
+@samp{--save-cookies} to force saving of session cookies.
+
+@cindex Other HTTP Methods
+@item --method=@var{HTTP-Method}
+For the purpose of RESTful scripting, Wget allows sending of other HTTP Methods
+without the need to explicitly set them using @samp{--header=Header-Line}.
+Wget will use whatever string is passed to it after @samp{--method} as the HTTP
+Method to the server.
+
+@item --body-data=@var{Data-String}
+@itemx --body-file=@var{Data-File}
+Must be set when additional data needs to be sent to the server along with the
+Method specified using @samp{--method}.  @samp{--body-data} sends @var{string} as
+data, whereas @samp{--body-file} sends the contents of @var{file}.  Other than that,
+they work in exactly the same way.
+
+Currently, @samp{--body-file} is @emph{not} for transmitting files as a whole.
+Wget does not currently support @code{multipart/form-data} for transmitting data;
+only @code{application/x-www-form-urlencoded}. In the future, this may be changed
+so that wget sends the @samp{--body-file} as a complete file instead of sending its
+contents to the server. Please be aware that Wget needs to know the contents of
+BODY Data in advance, and hence the argument to @samp{--body-file} should be a
+regular file. See @samp{--post-file} for a more detailed explanation.
+Only one of @samp{--body-data} and @samp{--body-file} should be specified.
+
+If Wget is redirected after the request is completed, Wget will
+suspend the current method and send a GET request till the redirection
+is completed.  This is true for all redirection response codes except
+307 Temporary Redirect which is used to explicitly specify that the
+request method should @emph{not} change.  Another exception is when
+the method is set to @code{POST}, in which case the redirection rules
+specified under @samp{--post-data} are followed.
+
+@cindex Content-Disposition
+@item --content-disposition
+
+If this is set to on, experimental (not fully-functional) support for
+@code{Content-Disposition} headers is enabled. This can currently result in
+extra round-trips to the server for a @code{HEAD} request, and is known
+to suffer from a few bugs, which is why it is not currently enabled by default.
+
+This option is useful for some file-downloading CGI programs that use
+@code{Content-Disposition} headers to describe what the name of a
+downloaded file should be.
+
+When combined with @samp{--metalink-over-http} and @samp{--trust-server-names},
+a @samp{Content-Type: application/metalink4+xml} file is named using the
+@code{Content-Disposition} filename field, if available.
+
+@cindex Content On Error
+@item --content-on-error
+
+If this is set to on, wget will not skip the content when the server responds
+with a http status code that indicates error.
+
+@cindex Trust server names
+@item --trust-server-names
+
+If this is set, on a redirect, the local file name will be based
+on the redirection URL.  By default the local file name is based on
+the original URL.  When doing recursive retrieving this can be helpful
+because in many web sites redirected URLs correspond to an underlying
+file structure, while link URLs do not.
+
+@cindex authentication
+@item --auth-no-challenge
+
+If this option is given, Wget will send Basic HTTP authentication
+information (plaintext username and password) for all requests, just
+like Wget 1.10.2 and prior did by default.
+
+Use of this option is not recommended, and is intended only to support
+some few obscure servers, which never send HTTP authentication
+challenges, but accept unsolicited auth info, say, in addition to
+form-based authentication.
+
+@item --retry-on-host-error
+Consider host errors, such as ``Temporary failure in name resolution'',
+as non-fatal, transient errors.
+
+@item --retry-on-http-error=@var{code[,code,...]}
+Consider given HTTP response codes as non-fatal, transient errors.
+Supply a comma-separated list of 3-digit HTTP response codes as
+argument. Useful to work around special circumstances where retries
+are required, but the server responds with an error code normally not
+retried by Wget. Such errors might be 503 (Service Unavailable) and
+429 (Too Many Requests). Retries enabled by this option are performed
+subject to the normal retry timing and retry count limitations of
+Wget.
+
+Using this option is intended to support special use cases only and is
+generally not recommended, as it can force retries even in cases where
+the server is actually trying to decrease its load. Please use wisely
+and only if you know what you are doing.
+
+@end table
+
+@node HTTPS (SSL/TLS) Options, FTP Options, HTTP Options, Invoking
+@section HTTPS (SSL/TLS) Options
+
+@cindex SSL
+To support encrypted HTTP (HTTPS) downloads, Wget must be compiled
+with an external SSL library. The current default is GnuTLS.
+In addition, Wget also supports HSTS (HTTP Strict Transport Security).
+If Wget is compiled without SSL support, none of these options are available.
+
+@table @samp
+@cindex SSL protocol, choose
+@item --secure-protocol=@var{protocol}
+Choose the secure protocol to be used.  Legal values are @samp{auto},
+@samp{SSLv2}, @samp{SSLv3}, @samp{TLSv1}, @samp{TLSv1_1}, @samp{TLSv1_2},
+@samp{TLSv1_3} and @samp{PFS}.  If @samp{auto} is used, the SSL library is
+given the liberty of choosing the appropriate protocol automatically, which is
+achieved by sending a TLSv1 greeting. This is the default.
+
+Specifying @samp{SSLv2}, @samp{SSLv3}, @samp{TLSv1}, @samp{TLSv1_1},
+@samp{TLSv1_2} or @samp{TLSv1_3} forces the use of the corresponding
+protocol.  This is useful when talking to old and buggy SSL server
+implementations that make it hard for the underlying SSL library to choose
+the correct protocol version.  Fortunately, such servers are quite rare.
+
+Specifying @samp{PFS} enforces the use of the so-called Perfect Forward
+Security cipher suites. In short, PFS adds security by creating a one-time
+key for each SSL connection. It has a bit more CPU impact on client and server.
+We use known to be secure ciphers (e.g. no MD4) and the TLS protocol. This mode
+also explicitly excludes non-PFS key exchange methods, such as RSA.
+
+@item --https-only
+When in recursive mode, only HTTPS links are followed.
+
+@item --ciphers
+Set the cipher list string. Typically this string sets the
+cipher suites and other SSL/TLS options that the user wish should be used, in a
+set order of preference (GnuTLS calls it 'priority string'). This string
+will be fed verbatim to the SSL/TLS engine (OpenSSL or GnuTLS) and hence
+its format and syntax is dependant on that. Wget will not process or manipulate it
+in any way. Refer to the OpenSSL or GnuTLS documentation for more information.
+
+@cindex SSL certificate, check
+@item --no-check-certificate
+Don't check the server certificate against the available certificate
+authorities.  Also don't require the URL host name to match the common
+name presented by the certificate.
+
+As of Wget 1.10, the default is to verify the server's certificate
+against the recognized certificate authorities, breaking the SSL
+handshake and aborting the download if the verification fails.
+Although this provides more secure downloads, it does break
+interoperability with some sites that worked with previous Wget
+versions, particularly those using self-signed, expired, or otherwise
+invalid certificates.  This option forces an ``insecure'' mode of
+operation that turns the certificate verification errors into warnings
+and allows you to proceed.
+
+If you encounter ``certificate verification'' errors or ones saying
+that ``common name doesn't match requested host name'', you can use
+this option to bypass the verification and proceed with the download.
+@emph{Only use this option if you are otherwise convinced of the
+site's authenticity, or if you really don't care about the validity of
+its certificate.}  It is almost always a bad idea not to check the
+certificates when transmitting confidential or important data.
+For self-signed/internal certificates, you should download the certificate
+and verify against that instead of forcing this insecure mode.
+If you are really sure of not desiring any certificate verification, you
+can specify --check-certificate=quiet to tell wget to not print any
+warning about invalid certificates, albeit in most cases this is the
+wrong thing to do.
+
+@cindex SSL certificate
+@item --certificate=@var{file}
+Use the client certificate stored in @var{file}.  This is needed for
+servers that are configured to require certificates from the clients
+that connect to them.  Normally a certificate is not required and this
+switch is optional.
+
+@cindex SSL certificate type, specify
+@item --certificate-type=@var{type}
+Specify the type of the client certificate.  Legal values are
+@samp{PEM} (assumed by default) and @samp{DER}, also known as
+@samp{ASN1}.
+
+@item --private-key=@var{file}
+Read the private key from @var{file}.  This allows you to provide the
+private key in a file separate from the certificate.
+
+@item --private-key-type=@var{type}
+Specify the type of the private key.  Accepted values are @samp{PEM}
+(the default) and @samp{DER}.
+
+@item --ca-certificate=@var{file}
+Use @var{file} as the file with the bundle of certificate authorities
+(``CA'') to verify the peers.  The certificates must be in PEM format.
+
+Without this option Wget looks for CA certificates at the
+system-specified locations, chosen at OpenSSL installation time.
+
+@cindex SSL certificate authority
+@item --ca-directory=@var{directory}
+Specifies directory containing CA certificates in PEM format.  Each
+file contains one CA certificate, and the file name is based on a hash
+value derived from the certificate.  This is achieved by processing a
+certificate directory with the @code{c_rehash} utility supplied with
+OpenSSL.  Using @samp{--ca-directory} is more efficient than
+@samp{--ca-certificate} when many certificates are installed because
+it allows Wget to fetch certificates on demand.
+
+Without this option Wget looks for CA certificates at the
+system-specified locations, chosen at OpenSSL installation time.
+
+@cindex SSL CRL, certificate revocation list
+@item --crl-file=@var{file}
+Specifies a CRL file in @var{file}.  This is needed for certificates
+that have been revocated by the CAs.
+
+@cindex SSL Public Key Pin
+@item --pinnedpubkey=file/hashes
+Tells wget to use the specified public key file (or hashes) to verify the peer.
+This can be a path to a file which contains a single public key in PEM or DER
+format, or any number of base64 encoded sha256 hashes preceded by ``sha256//''
+and separated by ``;''
+
+When negotiating a TLS or SSL connection, the server sends a certificate
+indicating its identity. A public key is extracted from this certificate and if
+it does not exactly match the public key(s) provided to this option, wget will
+abort the connection before sending or receiving any data.
+
+@cindex entropy, specifying source of
+@cindex randomness, specifying source of
+@item --random-file=@var{file}
+[OpenSSL and LibreSSL only]
+Use @var{file} as the source of random data for seeding the
+pseudo-random number generator on systems without @file{/dev/urandom}.
+
+On such systems the SSL library needs an external source of randomness
+to initialize.  Randomness may be provided by EGD (see
+@samp{--egd-file} below) or read from an external source specified by
+the user.  If this option is not specified, Wget looks for random data
+in @code{$RANDFILE} or, if that is unset, in @file{$HOME/.rnd}.
+
+If you're getting the ``Could not seed OpenSSL PRNG; disabling SSL.'' 
+error, you should provide random data using some of the methods
+described above.
+
+@cindex EGD
+@item --egd-file=@var{file}
+[OpenSSL only]
+Use @var{file} as the EGD socket.  EGD stands for @dfn{Entropy
+Gathering Daemon}, a user-space program that collects data from
+various unpredictable system sources and makes it available to other
+programs that might need it.  Encryption software, such as the SSL
+library, needs sources of non-repeating randomness to seed the random
+number generator used to produce cryptographically strong keys.
+
+OpenSSL allows the user to specify his own source of entropy using the
+@code{RAND_FILE} environment variable.  If this variable is unset, or
+if the specified file does not produce enough randomness, OpenSSL will
+read random data from EGD socket specified using this option.
+
+If this option is not specified (and the equivalent startup command is
+not used), EGD is never contacted.  EGD is not needed on modern Unix
+systems that support @file{/dev/urandom}.
+
+@cindex HSTS
+@item --no-hsts
+Wget supports HSTS (HTTP Strict Transport Security, RFC 6797) by default.
+Use @samp{--no-hsts} to make Wget act as a non-HSTS-compliant UA. As a
+consequence, Wget would ignore all the @code{Strict-Transport-Security}
+headers, and would not enforce any existing HSTS policy.
+
+@item --hsts-file=@var{file}
+By default, Wget stores its HSTS database in @file{~/.wget-hsts}.
+You can use @samp{--hsts-file} to override this. Wget will use
+the supplied file as the HSTS database. Such file must conform to the
+correct HSTS database format used by Wget. If Wget cannot parse the provided
+file, the behaviour is unspecified.
+
+The Wget's HSTS database is a plain text file. Each line contains an HSTS entry
+(ie. a site that has issued a @code{Strict-Transport-Security} header and that
+therefore has specified a concrete HSTS policy to be applied). Lines starting with
+a dash (@code{#}) are ignored by Wget. Please note that in spite of this convenient
+human-readability hand-hacking the HSTS database is generally not a good idea.
+
+An HSTS entry line consists of several fields separated by one or more whitespace:
+
+@code{<hostname> SP [<port>] SP <include subdomains> SP <created> SP <max-age>}
+
+The @var{hostname} and @var{port} fields indicate the hostname and port to which
+the given HSTS policy applies. The @var{port} field may be zero, and it will, in
+most of the cases. That means that the port number will not be taken into account
+when deciding whether such HSTS policy should be applied on a given request (only
+the hostname will be evaluated). When @var{port} is different to zero, both the
+target hostname and the port will be evaluated and the HSTS policy will only be applied
+if both of them match. This feature has been included for testing/development purposes only.
+The Wget testsuite (in @file{testenv/}) creates HSTS databases with explicit ports
+with the purpose of ensuring Wget's correct behaviour. Applying HSTS policies to ports
+other than the default ones is discouraged by RFC 6797 (see Appendix B "Differences
+between HSTS Policy and Same-Origin Policy"). Thus, this functionality should not be used
+in production environments and @var{port} will typically be zero. The last three fields
+do what they are expected to. The field @var{include_subdomains} can either be @code{1}
+or @code{0} and it signals whether the subdomains of the target domain should be
+part of the given HSTS policy as well. The @var{created} and @var{max-age} fields
+hold the timestamp values of when such entry was created (first seen by Wget) and the
+HSTS-defined value 'max-age', which states how long should that HSTS policy remain active,
+measured in seconds elapsed since the timestamp stored in @var{created}. Once that time
+has passed, that HSTS policy will no longer be valid and will eventually be removed
+from the database.
+
+If you supply your own HSTS database via @samp{--hsts-file}, be aware that Wget
+may modify the provided file if any change occurs between the HSTS policies
+requested by the remote servers and those in the file. When Wget exists,
+it effectively updates the HSTS database by rewriting the database file with the new entries.
+
+If the supplied file does not exist, Wget will create one. This file will contain the new HSTS
+entries. If no HSTS entries were generated (no @code{Strict-Transport-Security} headers
+were sent by any of the servers) then no file will be created, not even an empty one. This
+behaviour applies to the default database file (@file{~/.wget-hsts}) as well: it will not be
+created until some server enforces an HSTS policy.
+
+Care is taken not to override possible changes made by other Wget processes at
+the same time over the HSTS database. Before dumping the updated HSTS entries
+on the file, Wget will re-read it and merge the changes.
+
+Using a custom HSTS database and/or modifying an existing one is discouraged.
+For more information about the potential security threats arised from such practice,
+see section 14 "Security Considerations" of RFC 6797, specially section 14.9
+"Creative Manipulation of HSTS Policy Store".
+@end table
+
+@cindex WARC
+@table @samp
+@item --warc-file=@var{file}
+Use @var{file} as the destination WARC file.
+
+@item --warc-header=@var{string}
+Use @var{string} into as the warcinfo record.
+
+@item --warc-max-size=@var{size}
+Set the maximum size of the WARC files to @var{size}.
+
+@item --warc-cdx
+Write CDX index files.
+
+@item --warc-dedup=@var{file}
+Do not store records listed in this CDX file.
+
+@item --no-warc-compression
+Do not compress WARC files with GZIP.
+
+@item --no-warc-digests
+Do not calculate SHA1 digests.
+
+@item --no-warc-keep-log
+Do not store the log file in a WARC record.
+
+@item --warc-tempdir=@var{dir}
+Specify the location for temporary files created by the WARC writer.
+@end table
+
+@node FTP Options, Recursive Retrieval Options, HTTPS (SSL/TLS) Options, Invoking
+@section FTP Options
+
+@table @samp
+@cindex ftp user
+@cindex ftp password
+@cindex ftp authentication
+@item --ftp-user=@var{user}
+@itemx --ftp-password=@var{password}
+Specify the username @var{user} and password @var{password} on an
+@sc{ftp} server.  Without this, or the corresponding startup option, 
+the password defaults to @samp{-wget@@}, normally used for anonymous 
+FTP.
+
+Another way to specify username and password is in the @sc{url} itself
+(@pxref{URL Format}).  Either method reveals your password to anyone who
+bothers to run @code{ps}.  To prevent the passwords from being seen,
+store them in @file{.wgetrc} or @file{.netrc}, and make sure to protect
+those files from other users with @code{chmod}.  If the passwords are
+really important, do not leave them lying in those files either---edit
+the files and delete them after Wget has started the download.
+
+@iftex
+@xref{Security Considerations}, for more information about security
+issues with Wget.
+@end iftex
+
+@cindex .listing files, removing
+@item --no-remove-listing
+Don't remove the temporary @file{.listing} files generated by @sc{ftp}
+retrievals.  Normally, these files contain the raw directory listings
+received from @sc{ftp} servers.  Not removing them can be useful for
+debugging purposes, or when you want to be able to easily check on the
+contents of remote server directories (e.g. to verify that a mirror
+you're running is complete).
+
+Note that even though Wget writes to a known filename for this file,
+this is not a security hole in the scenario of a user making
+@file{.listing} a symbolic link to @file{/etc/passwd} or something and
+asking @code{root} to run Wget in his or her directory.  Depending on
+the options used, either Wget will refuse to write to @file{.listing},
+making the globbing/recursion/time-stamping operation fail, or the
+symbolic link will be deleted and replaced with the actual
+@file{.listing} file, or the listing will be written to a
+@file{.listing.@var{number}} file.
+
+Even though this situation isn't a problem, though, @code{root} should
+never run Wget in a non-trusted user's directory.  A user could do
+something as simple as linking @file{index.html} to @file{/etc/passwd}
+and asking @code{root} to run Wget with @samp{-N} or @samp{-r} so the file
+will be overwritten.
+
+@cindex globbing, toggle
+@item --no-glob
+Turn off @sc{ftp} globbing.  Globbing refers to the use of shell-like
+special characters (@dfn{wildcards}), like @samp{*}, @samp{?}, @samp{[}
+and @samp{]} to retrieve more than one file from the same directory at
+once, like:
+
+@example
+wget ftp://gnjilux.srk.fer.hr/*.msg
+@end example
+
+By default, globbing will be turned on if the @sc{url} contains a
+globbing character.  This option may be used to turn globbing on or off
+permanently.
+
+You may have to quote the @sc{url} to protect it from being expanded by
+your shell.  Globbing makes Wget look for a directory listing, which is
+system-specific.  This is why it currently works only with Unix @sc{ftp}
+servers (and the ones emulating Unix @code{ls} output).
+
+@cindex passive ftp
+@item --no-passive-ftp
+Disable the use of the @dfn{passive} FTP transfer mode.  Passive FTP
+mandates that the client connect to the server to establish the data
+connection rather than the other way around.
+
+If the machine is connected to the Internet directly, both passive and
+active FTP should work equally well.  Behind most firewall and NAT
+configurations passive FTP has a better chance of working.  However,
+in some rare firewall configurations, active FTP actually works when
+passive FTP doesn't.  If you suspect this to be the case, use this
+option, or set @code{passive_ftp=off} in your init file.
+
+@cindex file permissions
+@item --preserve-permissions
+Preserve remote file permissions instead of permissions set by umask.
+
+@cindex symbolic links, retrieving
+@item --retr-symlinks
+By default, when retrieving @sc{ftp} directories recursively and a symbolic link
+is encountered, the symbolic link is traversed and the pointed-to files are
+retrieved.  Currently, Wget does not traverse symbolic links to directories to
+download them recursively, though this feature may be added in the future.
+
+When @samp{--retr-symlinks=no} is specified, the linked-to file is not
+downloaded.  Instead, a matching symbolic link is created on the local
+filesystem.  The pointed-to file will not be retrieved unless this recursive
+retrieval would have encountered it separately and downloaded it anyway.  This
+option poses a security risk where a malicious FTP Server may cause Wget to
+write to files outside of the intended directories through a specially crafted
+@sc{.listing} file.
+
+Note that when retrieving a file (not a directory) because it was
+specified on the command-line, rather than because it was recursed to,
+this option has no effect.  Symbolic links are always traversed in this
+case.
+@end table
+
+@section FTPS Options
+
+@table @samp
+@item --ftps-implicit
+This option tells Wget to use FTPS implicitly. Implicit FTPS consists of initializing
+SSL/TLS from the very beginning of the control connection. This option does not send
+an @code{AUTH TLS} command: it assumes the server speaks FTPS and directly starts an
+SSL/TLS connection. If the attempt is successful, the session continues just like
+regular FTPS (@code{PBSZ} and @code{PROT} are sent, etc.).
+Implicit FTPS is no longer a requirement for FTPS implementations, and thus
+many servers may not support it. If @samp{--ftps-implicit} is passed and no explicit
+port number specified, the default port for implicit FTPS, 990, will be used, instead
+of the default port for the "normal" (explicit) FTPS which is the same as that of FTP,
+21.
+
+@item --no-ftps-resume-ssl
+Do not resume the SSL/TLS session in the data channel. When starting a data connection,
+Wget tries to resume the SSL/TLS session previously started in the control connection.
+SSL/TLS session resumption avoids performing an entirely new handshake by reusing
+the SSL/TLS parameters of a previous session. Typically, the FTPS servers want it that way,
+so Wget does this by default. Under rare circumstances however, one might want to
+start an entirely new SSL/TLS session in every data connection.
+This is what @samp{--no-ftps-resume-ssl} is for.
+
+@item --ftps-clear-data-connection
+All the data connections will be in plain text. Only the control connection will be
+under SSL/TLS. Wget will send a @code{PROT C} command to achieve this, which must be
+approved by the server.
+
+@item --ftps-fallback-to-ftp
+Fall back to FTP if FTPS is not supported by the target server. For security reasons,
+this option is not asserted by default. The default behaviour is to exit with an error.
+If a server does not successfully reply to the initial @code{AUTH TLS} command, or in the
+case of implicit FTPS, if the initial SSL/TLS connection attempt is rejected, it is
+considered that such server does not support FTPS.
+@end table
+
+@node Recursive Retrieval Options, Recursive Accept/Reject Options, FTP Options, Invoking
+@section Recursive Retrieval Options
+
+@table @samp
+@item -r
+@itemx --recursive
+Turn on recursive retrieving.  @xref{Recursive Download}, for more
+details.  The default maximum depth is 5.
+
+@item -l @var{depth}
+@itemx --level=@var{depth}
+Specify recursion maximum depth level @var{depth} (@pxref{Recursive
+Download}).
+
+@cindex proxy filling
+@cindex delete after retrieval
+@cindex filling proxy cache
+@item --delete-after
+This option tells Wget to delete every single file it downloads,
+@emph{after} having done so.  It is useful for pre-fetching popular
+pages through a proxy, e.g.:
+
+@example
+wget -r -nd --delete-after http://whatever.com/~popular/page/
+@end example
+
+The @samp{-r} option is to retrieve recursively, and @samp{-nd} to not
+create directories.  
+
+Note that @samp{--delete-after} deletes files on the local machine.  It
+does not issue the @samp{DELE} command to remote FTP sites, for
+instance.  Also note that when @samp{--delete-after} is specified,
+@samp{--convert-links} is ignored, so @samp{.orig} files are simply not
+created in the first place.
+
+@cindex conversion of links
+@cindex link conversion
+@item -k
+@itemx --convert-links
+After the download is complete, convert the links in the document to
+make them suitable for local viewing.  This affects not only the visible
+hyperlinks, but any part of the document that links to external content,
+such as embedded images, links to style sheets, hyperlinks to non-@sc{html}
+content, etc.
+
+Each link will be changed in one of the two ways:
+
+@itemize @bullet
+@item
+The links to files that have been downloaded by Wget will be changed to
+refer to the file they point to as a relative link.
+
+Example: if the downloaded file @file{/foo/doc.html} links to
+@file{/bar/img.gif}, also downloaded, then the link in @file{doc.html}
+will be modified to point to @samp{../bar/img.gif}.  This kind of
+transformation works reliably for arbitrary combinations of directories.
+
+@item
+The links to files that have not been downloaded by Wget will be changed
+to include host name and absolute path of the location they point to.
+
+Example: if the downloaded file @file{/foo/doc.html} links to
+@file{/bar/img.gif} (or to @file{../bar/img.gif}), then the link in
+@file{doc.html} will be modified to point to
+@file{http://@var{hostname}/bar/img.gif}.
+@end itemize
+
+Because of this, local browsing works reliably: if a linked file was
+downloaded, the link will refer to its local name; if it was not
+downloaded, the link will refer to its full Internet address rather than
+presenting a broken link.  The fact that the former links are converted
+to relative links ensures that you can move the downloaded hierarchy to
+another directory.
+
+Note that only at the end of the download can Wget know which links have
+been downloaded.  Because of that, the work done by @samp{-k} will be
+performed at the end of all the downloads.
+
+@item --convert-file-only
+This option converts only the filename part of the URLs, leaving the rest
+of the URLs untouched. This filename part is sometimes referred to as the
+"basename", although we avoid that term here in order not to cause confusion.
+
+It works particularly well in conjunction with @samp{--adjust-extension}, although
+this coupling is not enforced. It proves useful to populate Internet caches
+with files downloaded from different hosts.
+
+Example: if some link points to @file{//foo.com/bar.cgi?xyz} with
+@samp{--adjust-extension} asserted and its local destination is intended to be
+@file{./foo.com/bar.cgi?xyz.css}, then the link would be converted to
+@file{//foo.com/bar.cgi?xyz.css}. Note that only the filename part has been
+modified. The rest of the URL has been left untouched, including the net path
+(@code{//}) which would otherwise be processed by Wget and converted to the
+effective scheme (ie. @code{http://}).
+
+@cindex backing up converted files
+@item -K
+@itemx --backup-converted
+When converting a file, back up the original version with a @samp{.orig}
+suffix.  Affects the behavior of @samp{-N} (@pxref{HTTP Time-Stamping
+Internals}).
+
+@item -m
+@itemx --mirror
+Turn on options suitable for mirroring.  This option turns on recursion
+and time-stamping, sets infinite recursion depth and keeps @sc{ftp}
+directory listings.  It is currently equivalent to
+@samp{-r -N -l inf --no-remove-listing}.
+
+@cindex page requisites
+@cindex required images, downloading
+@item -p
+@itemx --page-requisites
+This option causes Wget to download all the files that are necessary to
+properly display a given @sc{html} page.  This includes such things as
+inlined images, sounds, and referenced stylesheets.
+
+Ordinarily, when downloading a single @sc{html} page, any requisite documents
+that may be needed to display it properly are not downloaded.  Using
+@samp{-r} together with @samp{-l} can help, but since Wget does not
+ordinarily distinguish between external and inlined documents, one is
+generally left with ``leaf documents'' that are missing their
+requisites.
+
+For instance, say document @file{1.html} contains an @code{<IMG>} tag
+referencing @file{1.gif} and an @code{<A>} tag pointing to external
+document @file{2.html}.  Say that @file{2.html} is similar but that its
+image is @file{2.gif} and it links to @file{3.html}.  Say this
+continues up to some arbitrarily high number.
+
+If one executes the command:
+
+@example
+wget -r -l 2 http://@var{site}/1.html
+@end example
+
+then @file{1.html}, @file{1.gif}, @file{2.html}, @file{2.gif}, and
+@file{3.html} will be downloaded.  As you can see, @file{3.html} is
+without its requisite @file{3.gif} because Wget is simply counting the
+number of hops (up to 2) away from @file{1.html} in order to determine
+where to stop the recursion.  However, with this command:
+
+@example
+wget -r -l 2 -p http://@var{site}/1.html
+@end example
+
+all the above files @emph{and} @file{3.html}'s requisite @file{3.gif}
+will be downloaded.  Similarly,
+
+@example
+wget -r -l 1 -p http://@var{site}/1.html
+@end example
+
+will cause @file{1.html}, @file{1.gif}, @file{2.html}, and @file{2.gif}
+to be downloaded.  One might think that:
+
+@example
+wget -r -l 0 -p http://@var{site}/1.html
+@end example
+
+would download just @file{1.html} and @file{1.gif}, but unfortunately
+this is not the case, because @samp{-l 0} is equivalent to
+@samp{-l inf}---that is, infinite recursion.  To download a single @sc{html}
+page (or a handful of them, all specified on the command-line or in a
+@samp{-i} @sc{url} input file) and its (or their) requisites, simply leave off
+@samp{-r} and @samp{-l}:
+
+@example
+wget -p http://@var{site}/1.html
+@end example
+
+Note that Wget will behave as if @samp{-r} had been specified, but only
+that single page and its requisites will be downloaded.  Links from that
+page to external documents will not be followed.  Actually, to download
+a single page and all its requisites (even if they exist on separate
+websites), and make sure the lot displays properly locally, this author
+likes to use a few options in addition to @samp{-p}:
+
+@example
+wget -E -H -k -K -p http://@var{site}/@var{document}
+@end example
+
+To finish off this topic, it's worth knowing that Wget's idea of an
+external document link is any URL specified in an @code{<A>} tag, an
+@code{<AREA>} tag, or a @code{<LINK>} tag other than @code{<LINK
+REL="stylesheet">}.
+
+@cindex @sc{html} comments
+@cindex comments, @sc{html}
+@item --strict-comments
+Turn on strict parsing of @sc{html} comments.  The default is to terminate
+comments at the first occurrence of @samp{-->}.
+
+According to specifications, @sc{html} comments are expressed as @sc{sgml}
+@dfn{declarations}.  Declaration is special markup that begins with
+@samp{<!} and ends with @samp{>}, such as @samp{<!DOCTYPE ...>}, that
+may contain comments between a pair of @samp{--} delimiters.  @sc{html}
+comments are ``empty declarations'', @sc{sgml} declarations without any
+non-comment text.  Therefore, @samp{<!--foo-->} is a valid comment, and
+so is @samp{<!--one-- --two-->}, but @samp{<!--1--2-->} is not.
+
+On the other hand, most @sc{html} writers don't perceive comments as anything
+other than text delimited with @samp{<!--} and @samp{-->}, which is not
+quite the same.  For example, something like @samp{<!------------>}
+works as a valid comment as long as the number of dashes is a multiple
+of four (!).  If not, the comment technically lasts until the next
+@samp{--}, which may be at the other end of the document.  Because of
+this, many popular browsers completely ignore the specification and
+implement what users have come to expect: comments delimited with
+@samp{<!--} and @samp{-->}.
+
+Until version 1.9, Wget interpreted comments strictly, which resulted in
+missing links in many web pages that displayed fine in browsers, but had
+the misfortune of containing non-compliant comments.  Beginning with
+version 1.9, Wget has joined the ranks of clients that implements
+``naive'' comments, terminating each comment at the first occurrence of
+@samp{-->}.
+
+If, for whatever reason, you want strict comment parsing, use this
+option to turn it on.
+@end table
+
+@node Recursive Accept/Reject Options, Exit Status, Recursive Retrieval Options, Invoking
+@section Recursive Accept/Reject Options
+
+@table @samp
+@item -A @var{acclist} --accept @var{acclist}
+@itemx -R @var{rejlist} --reject @var{rejlist}
+Specify comma-separated lists of file name suffixes or patterns to
+accept or reject (@pxref{Types of Files}). Note that if
+any of the wildcard characters, @samp{*}, @samp{?}, @samp{[} or
+@samp{]}, appear in an element of @var{acclist} or @var{rejlist},
+it will be treated as a pattern, rather than a suffix.
+In this case, you have to enclose the pattern into quotes to prevent
+your shell from expanding it, like in @samp{-A "*.mp3"} or @samp{-A '*.mp3'}.
+
+@item --accept-regex @var{urlregex}
+@itemx --reject-regex @var{urlregex}
+Specify a regular expression to accept or reject the complete URL.
+
+@item --regex-type @var{regextype}
+Specify the regular expression type.  Possible types are @samp{posix} or
+@samp{pcre}.  Note that to be able to use @samp{pcre} type, wget has to be
+compiled with libpcre support.
+
+@item -D @var{domain-list}
+@itemx --domains=@var{domain-list}
+Set domains to be followed.  @var{domain-list} is a comma-separated list
+of domains.  Note that it does @emph{not} turn on @samp{-H}.
+
+@item --exclude-domains @var{domain-list}
+Specify the domains that are @emph{not} to be followed
+(@pxref{Spanning Hosts}).
+
+@cindex follow FTP links
+@item --follow-ftp
+Follow @sc{ftp} links from @sc{html} documents.  Without this option,
+Wget will ignore all the @sc{ftp} links.
+
+@cindex tag-based recursive pruning
+@item --follow-tags=@var{list}
+Wget has an internal table of @sc{html} tag / attribute pairs that it
+considers when looking for linked documents during a recursive
+retrieval.  If a user wants only a subset of those tags to be
+considered, however, he or she should be specify such tags in a
+comma-separated @var{list} with this option.
+
+@item --ignore-tags=@var{list}
+This is the opposite of the @samp{--follow-tags} option.  To skip
+certain @sc{html} tags when recursively looking for documents to download,
+specify them in a comma-separated @var{list}.  
+
+In the past, this option was the best bet for downloading a single page
+and its requisites, using a command-line like:
+
+@example
+wget --ignore-tags=a,area -H -k -K -r http://@var{site}/@var{document}
+@end example
+
+However, the author of this option came across a page with tags like
+@code{<LINK REL="home" HREF="/">} and came to the realization that
+specifying tags to ignore was not enough.  One can't just tell Wget to
+ignore @code{<LINK>}, because then stylesheets will not be downloaded.
+Now the best bet for downloading a single page and its requisites is the
+dedicated @samp{--page-requisites} option.
+
+@cindex case fold
+@cindex ignore case
+@item --ignore-case
+Ignore case when matching files and directories.  This influences the
+behavior of -R, -A, -I, and -X options, as well as globbing
+implemented when downloading from FTP sites.  For example, with this
+option, @samp{-A "*.txt"} will match @samp{file1.txt}, but also
+@samp{file2.TXT}, @samp{file3.TxT}, and so on.
+The quotes in the example are to prevent the shell from expanding the
+pattern.
+
+@item -H
+@itemx --span-hosts
+Enable spanning across hosts when doing recursive retrieving
+(@pxref{Spanning Hosts}).
+
+@item -L
+@itemx --relative
+Follow relative links only.  Useful for retrieving a specific home page
+without any distractions, not even those from the same hosts
+(@pxref{Relative Links}).
+
+@item -I @var{list}
+@itemx --include-directories=@var{list}
+Specify a comma-separated list of directories you wish to follow when
+downloading (@pxref{Directory-Based Limits}).  Elements
+of @var{list} may contain wildcards.
+
+@item -X @var{list}
+@itemx --exclude-directories=@var{list}
+Specify a comma-separated list of directories you wish to exclude from
+download (@pxref{Directory-Based Limits}).  Elements of
+@var{list} may contain wildcards.
+
+@item -np
+@item --no-parent
+Do not ever ascend to the parent directory when retrieving recursively.
+This is a useful option, since it guarantees that only the files
+@emph{below} a certain hierarchy will be downloaded.
+@xref{Directory-Based Limits}, for more details.
+@end table
+
+@c man end
+
+@node Exit Status,  , Recursive Accept/Reject Options, Invoking
+@section Exit Status
+                                   
+@c man begin EXITSTATUS
+
+Wget may return one of several error codes if it encounters problems.
+
+
+@table @asis
+@item 0
+No problems occurred.
+
+@item 1
+Generic error code.
+
+@item 2
+Parse error---for instance, when parsing command-line options, the
+@samp{.wgetrc} or @samp{.netrc}...
+
+@item 3
+File I/O error.
+
+@item 4
+Network failure.
+
+@item 5
+SSL verification failure.
+
+@item 6
+Username/password authentication failure.
+
+@item 7
+Protocol errors.
+
+@item 8
+Server issued an error response.
+@end table
+
+
+With the exceptions of 0 and 1, the lower-numbered exit codes take
+precedence over higher-numbered ones, when multiple types of errors
+are encountered.
+
+In versions of Wget prior to 1.12, Wget's exit status tended to be
+unhelpful and inconsistent. Recursive downloads would virtually always
+return 0 (success), regardless of any issues encountered, and
+non-recursive fetches only returned the status corresponding to the
+most recently-attempted download.
+
+@c man end
+
+@node Recursive Download, Following Links, Invoking, Top
+@chapter Recursive Download
+@cindex recursion
+@cindex retrieving
+@cindex recursive download
+
+GNU Wget is capable of traversing parts of the Web (or a single
+@sc{http} or @sc{ftp} server), following links and directory structure.
+We refer to this as to @dfn{recursive retrieval}, or @dfn{recursion}.
+
+With @sc{http} @sc{url}s, Wget retrieves and parses the @sc{html} or
+@sc{css} from the given @sc{url}, retrieving the files the document
+refers to, through markup like @code{href} or @code{src}, or @sc{css}
+@sc{uri} values specified using the @samp{url()} functional notation.
+If the freshly downloaded file is also of type @code{text/html},
+@code{application/xhtml+xml}, or @code{text/css}, it will be parsed
+and followed further.
+
+Recursive retrieval of @sc{http} and @sc{html}/@sc{css} content is
+@dfn{breadth-first}.  This means that Wget first downloads the requested
+document, then the documents linked from that document, then the
+documents linked by them, and so on.  In other words, Wget first
+downloads the documents at depth 1, then those at depth 2, and so on
+until the specified maximum depth.
+
+The maximum @dfn{depth} to which the retrieval may descend is specified
+with the @samp{-l} option.  The default maximum depth is five layers.
+
+When retrieving an @sc{ftp} @sc{url} recursively, Wget will retrieve all
+the data from the given directory tree (including the subdirectories up
+to the specified depth) on the remote server, creating its mirror image
+locally.  @sc{ftp} retrieval is also limited by the @code{depth}
+parameter.  Unlike @sc{http} recursion, @sc{ftp} recursion is performed
+depth-first.
+
+By default, Wget will create a local directory tree, corresponding to
+the one found on the remote server.
+
+Recursive retrieving can find a number of applications, the most
+important of which is mirroring.  It is also useful for @sc{www}
+presentations, and any other opportunities where slow network
+connections should be bypassed by storing the files locally.
+
+You should be warned that recursive downloads can overload the remote
+servers.  Because of that, many administrators frown upon them and may
+ban access from your site if they detect very fast downloads of big
+amounts of content.  When downloading from Internet servers, consider
+using the @samp{-w} option to introduce a delay between accesses to the
+server.  The download will take a while longer, but the server
+administrator will not be alarmed by your rudeness.
+
+Of course, recursive download may cause problems on your machine.  If
+left to run unchecked, it can easily fill up the disk.  If downloading
+from local network, it can also take bandwidth on the system, as well as
+consume memory and CPU.
+
+Try to specify the criteria that match the kind of download you are
+trying to achieve.  If you want to download only one page, use
+@samp{--page-requisites} without any additional recursion.  If you want
+to download things under one directory, use @samp{-np} to avoid
+downloading things from other directories.  If you want to download all
+the files from one directory, use @samp{-l 1} to make sure the recursion
+depth never exceeds one.  @xref{Following Links}, for more information
+about this.
+
+Recursive retrieval should be used with care.  Don't say you were not
+warned.
+
+@node Following Links, Time-Stamping, Recursive Download, Top
+@chapter Following Links
+@cindex links
+@cindex following links
+
+When retrieving recursively, one does not wish to retrieve loads of
+unnecessary data.  Most of the time the users bear in mind exactly what
+they want to download, and want Wget to follow only specific links.
+
+For example, if you wish to download the music archive from
+@samp{fly.srk.fer.hr}, you will not want to download all the home pages
+that happen to be referenced by an obscure part of the archive.
+
+Wget possesses several mechanisms that allows you to fine-tune which
+links it will follow.
+
+@menu
+* Spanning Hosts::              (Un)limiting retrieval based on host name.
+* Types of Files::              Getting only certain files.
+* Directory-Based Limits::      Getting only certain directories.
+* Relative Links::              Follow relative links only.
+* FTP Links::                   Following FTP links.
+@end menu
+
+@node Spanning Hosts, Types of Files, Following Links, Following Links
+@section Spanning Hosts
+@cindex spanning hosts
+@cindex hosts, spanning
+
+Wget's recursive retrieval normally refuses to visit hosts different
+than the one you specified on the command line.  This is a reasonable
+default; without it, every retrieval would have the potential to turn
+your Wget into a small version of google.
+
+However, visiting different hosts, or @dfn{host spanning,} is sometimes
+a useful option.  Maybe the images are served from a different server.
+Maybe you're mirroring a site that consists of pages interlinked between
+three servers.  Maybe the server has two equivalent names, and the @sc{html}
+pages refer to both interchangeably.
+
+@table @asis
+@item Span to any host---@samp{-H}
+
+The @samp{-H} option turns on host spanning, thus allowing Wget's
+recursive run to visit any host referenced by a link.  Unless sufficient
+recursion-limiting criteria are applied depth, these foreign hosts will
+typically link to yet more hosts, and so on until Wget ends up sucking
+up much more data than you have intended.
+
+@item Limit spanning to certain domains---@samp{-D}
+
+The @samp{-D} option allows you to specify the domains that will be
+followed, thus limiting the recursion only to the hosts that belong to
+these domains.  Obviously, this makes sense only in conjunction with
+@samp{-H}.  A typical example would be downloading the contents of
+@samp{www.example.com}, but allowing downloads from
+@samp{images.example.com}, etc.:
+
+@example
+wget -rH -Dexample.com http://www.example.com/
+@end example
+
+You can specify more than one address by separating them with a comma,
+e.g. @samp{-Ddomain1.com,domain2.com}.
+
+@item Keep download off certain domains---@samp{--exclude-domains}
+
+If there are domains you want to exclude specifically, you can do it
+with @samp{--exclude-domains}, which accepts the same type of arguments
+of @samp{-D}, but will @emph{exclude} all the listed domains.  For
+example, if you want to download all the hosts from @samp{foo.edu}
+domain, with the exception of @samp{sunsite.foo.edu}, you can do it like
+this:
+
+@example
+wget -rH -Dfoo.edu --exclude-domains sunsite.foo.edu \
+    http://www.foo.edu/
+@end example
+
+@end table
+
+@node Types of Files, Directory-Based Limits, Spanning Hosts, Following Links
+@section Types of Files
+@cindex types of files
+
+When downloading material from the web, you will often want to restrict
+the retrieval to only certain file types.  For example, if you are
+interested in downloading @sc{gif}s, you will not be overjoyed to get
+loads of PostScript documents, and vice versa.
+
+Wget offers two options to deal with this problem.  Each option
+description lists a short name, a long name, and the equivalent command
+in @file{.wgetrc}.
+
+@cindex accept wildcards
+@cindex accept suffixes
+@cindex wildcards, accept
+@cindex suffixes, accept
+@table @samp
+@item -A @var{acclist}
+@itemx --accept @var{acclist}
+@itemx accept = @var{acclist}
+@itemx --accept-regex @var{urlregex}
+@itemx accept-regex = @var{urlregex}
+The argument to @samp{--accept} option is a list of file suffixes or
+patterns that Wget will download during recursive retrieval.  A suffix
+is the ending part of a file, and consists of ``normal'' letters,
+e.g. @samp{gif} or @samp{.jpg}.  A matching pattern contains shell-like
+wildcards, e.g. @samp{books*} or @samp{zelazny*196[0-9]*}.
+
+So, specifying @samp{wget -A gif,jpg} will make Wget download only the
+files ending with @samp{gif} or @samp{jpg}, i.e. @sc{gif}s and
+@sc{jpeg}s.  On the other hand, @samp{wget -A "zelazny*196[0-9]*"} will
+download only files beginning with @samp{zelazny} and containing numbers
+from 1960 to 1969 anywhere within.  Look up the manual of your shell for
+a description of how pattern matching works.
+
+Of course, any number of suffixes and patterns can be combined into a
+comma-separated list, and given as an argument to @samp{-A}.
+
+The argument to @samp{--accept-regex} option is a regular expression which
+is matched against the complete URL.
+
+@cindex reject wildcards
+@cindex reject suffixes
+@cindex wildcards, reject
+@cindex suffixes, reject
+@item -R @var{rejlist}
+@itemx --reject @var{rejlist}
+@itemx reject = @var{rejlist}
+@itemx --reject-regex @var{urlregex}
+@itemx reject-regex = @var{urlregex}
+The @samp{--reject} option works the same way as @samp{--accept}, only
+its logic is the reverse; Wget will download all files @emph{except} the
+ones matching the suffixes (or patterns) in the list.
+
+So, if you want to download a whole page except for the cumbersome
+@sc{mpeg}s and @sc{.au} files, you can use @samp{wget -R mpg,mpeg,au}.
+Analogously, to download all files except the ones beginning with
+@samp{bjork}, use @samp{wget -R "bjork*"}.  The quotes are to prevent
+expansion by the shell.
+@end table
+
+The argument to @samp{--accept-regex} option is a regular expression which
+is matched against the complete URL.
+
+@noindent
+The @samp{-A} and @samp{-R} options may be combined to achieve even
+better fine-tuning of which files to retrieve.  E.g. @samp{wget -A
+"*zelazny*" -R .ps} will download all the files having @samp{zelazny} as
+a part of their name, but @emph{not} the PostScript files.
+
+Note that these two options do not affect the downloading of @sc{html}
+files (as determined by a @samp{.htm} or @samp{.html} filename
+prefix). This behavior may not be desirable for all users, and may be
+changed for future versions of Wget.
+
+Note, too, that query strings (strings at the end of a URL beginning
+with a question mark (@samp{?}) are not included as part of the
+filename for accept/reject rules, even though these will actually
+contribute to the name chosen for the local file. It is expected that
+a future version of Wget will provide an option to allow matching
+against query strings.
+
+Finally, it's worth noting that the accept/reject lists are matched
+@emph{twice} against downloaded files: once against the URL's filename
+portion, to determine if the file should be downloaded in the first
+place; then, after it has been accepted and successfully downloaded,
+the local file's name is also checked against the accept/reject lists
+to see if it should be removed. The rationale was that, since
+@samp{.htm} and @samp{.html} files are always downloaded regardless of
+accept/reject rules, they should be removed @emph{after} being
+downloaded and scanned for links, if they did match the accept/reject
+lists. However, this can lead to unexpected results, since the local
+filenames can differ from the original URL filenames in the following
+ways, all of which can change whether an accept/reject rule matches:
+
+@itemize @bullet
+@item
+If the local file already exists and @samp{--no-directories} was
+specified, a numeric suffix will be appended to the original name.
+@item
+If @samp{--adjust-extension} was specified, the local filename might have
+@samp{.html} appended to it. If Wget is invoked with @samp{-E -A.php},
+a filename such as @samp{index.php} will match be accepted, but upon
+download will be named @samp{index.php.html}, which no longer matches,
+and so the file will be deleted.
+@item
+Query strings do not contribute to URL matching, but are included in
+local filenames, and so @emph{do} contribute to filename matching.
+@end itemize
+
+@noindent
+This behavior, too, is considered less-than-desirable, and may change
+in a future version of Wget.
+
+@node Directory-Based Limits, Relative Links, Types of Files, Following Links
+@section Directory-Based Limits
+@cindex directories
+@cindex directory limits
+
+Regardless of other link-following facilities, it is often useful to
+place the restriction of what files to retrieve based on the directories
+those files are placed in.  There can be many reasons for this---the
+home pages may be organized in a reasonable directory structure; or some
+directories may contain useless information, e.g. @file{/cgi-bin} or
+@file{/dev} directories.
+
+Wget offers three different options to deal with this requirement.  Each
+option description lists a short name, a long name, and the equivalent
+command in @file{.wgetrc}.
+
+@cindex directories, include
+@cindex include directories
+@cindex accept directories
+@table @samp
+@item -I @var{list}
+@itemx --include @var{list}
+@itemx include_directories = @var{list}
+@samp{-I} option accepts a comma-separated list of directories included
+in the retrieval.  Any other directories will simply be ignored.  The
+directories are absolute paths.
+
+So, if you wish to download from @samp{http://host/people/bozo/}
+following only links to bozo's colleagues in the @file{/people}
+directory and the bogus scripts in @file{/cgi-bin}, you can specify:
+
+@example
+wget -I /people,/cgi-bin http://host/people/bozo/
+@end example
+
+@cindex directories, exclude
+@cindex exclude directories
+@cindex reject directories
+@item -X @var{list}
+@itemx --exclude @var{list}
+@itemx exclude_directories = @var{list}
+@samp{-X} option is exactly the reverse of @samp{-I}---this is a list of
+directories @emph{excluded} from the download.  E.g. if you do not want
+Wget to download things from @file{/cgi-bin} directory, specify @samp{-X
+/cgi-bin} on the command line.
+
+The same as with @samp{-A}/@samp{-R}, these two options can be combined
+to get a better fine-tuning of downloading subdirectories.  E.g. if you
+want to load all the files from @file{/pub} hierarchy except for
+@file{/pub/worthless}, specify @samp{-I/pub -X/pub/worthless}.
+
+@cindex no parent
+@item -np
+@itemx --no-parent
+@itemx no_parent = on
+The simplest, and often very useful way of limiting directories is
+disallowing retrieval of the links that refer to the hierarchy
+@dfn{above} than the beginning directory, i.e. disallowing ascent to the
+parent directory/directories.
+
+The @samp{--no-parent} option (short @samp{-np}) is useful in this case.
+Using it guarantees that you will never leave the existing hierarchy.
+Supposing you issue Wget with:
+
+@example
+wget -r --no-parent http://somehost/~luzer/my-archive/
+@end example
+
+You may rest assured that none of the references to
+@file{/~his-girls-homepage/} or @file{/~luzer/all-my-mpegs/} will be
+followed.  Only the archive you are interested in will be downloaded.
+Essentially, @samp{--no-parent} is similar to
+@samp{-I/~luzer/my-archive}, only it handles redirections in a more
+intelligent fashion.
+
+@strong{Note} that, for HTTP (and HTTPS), the trailing slash is very
+important to @samp{--no-parent}. HTTP has no concept of a ``directory''---Wget
+relies on you to indicate what's a directory and what isn't. In
+@samp{http://foo/bar/}, Wget will consider @samp{bar} to be a
+directory, while in @samp{http://foo/bar} (no trailing slash),
+@samp{bar} will be considered a filename (so @samp{--no-parent} would be
+meaningless, as its parent is @samp{/}).
+@end table
+
+@node Relative Links, FTP Links, Directory-Based Limits, Following Links
+@section Relative Links
+@cindex relative links
+
+When @samp{-L} is turned on, only the relative links are ever followed.
+Relative links are here defined those that do not refer to the web
+server root.  For example, these links are relative:
+
+@example
+<a href="foo.gif">
+<a href="foo/bar.gif">
+<a href="../foo/bar.gif">
+@end example
+
+These links are not relative:
+
+@example
+<a href="/foo.gif">
+<a href="/foo/bar.gif">
+<a href="http://www.example.com/foo/bar.gif">
+@end example
+
+Using this option guarantees that recursive retrieval will not span
+hosts, even without @samp{-H}.  In simple cases it also allows downloads
+to ``just work'' without having to convert links.
+
+This option is probably not very useful and might be removed in a future
+release.
+
+@node FTP Links,  , Relative Links, Following Links
+@section Following FTP Links
+@cindex following ftp links
+
+The rules for @sc{ftp} are somewhat specific, as it is necessary for
+them to be.  @sc{ftp} links in @sc{html} documents are often included
+for purposes of reference, and it is often inconvenient to download them
+by default.
+
+To have @sc{ftp} links followed from @sc{html} documents, you need to
+specify the @samp{--follow-ftp} option.  Having done that, @sc{ftp}
+links will span hosts regardless of @samp{-H} setting.  This is logical,
+as @sc{ftp} links rarely point to the same host where the @sc{http}
+server resides.  For similar reasons, the @samp{-L} options has no
+effect on such downloads.  On the other hand, domain acceptance
+(@samp{-D}) and suffix rules (@samp{-A} and @samp{-R}) apply normally.
+
+Also note that followed links to @sc{ftp} directories will not be
+retrieved recursively further.
+
+@node Time-Stamping, Startup File, Following Links, Top
+@chapter Time-Stamping
+@cindex time-stamping
+@cindex timestamping
+@cindex updating the archives
+@cindex incremental updating
+
+One of the most important aspects of mirroring information from the
+Internet is updating your archives.
+
+Downloading the whole archive again and again, just to replace a few
+changed files is expensive, both in terms of wasted bandwidth and money,
+and the time to do the update.  This is why all the mirroring tools
+offer the option of incremental updating.
+
+Such an updating mechanism means that the remote server is scanned in
+search of @dfn{new} files.  Only those new files will be downloaded in
+the place of the old ones.
+
+A file is considered new if one of these two conditions are met:
+
+@enumerate
+@item
+A file of that name does not already exist locally.
+
+@item
+A file of that name does exist, but the remote file was modified more
+recently than the local file.
+@end enumerate
+
+To implement this, the program needs to be aware of the time of last
+modification of both local and remote files.  We call this information the
+@dfn{time-stamp} of a file.
+
+The time-stamping in GNU Wget is turned on using @samp{--timestamping}
+(@samp{-N}) option, or through @code{timestamping = on} directive in
+@file{.wgetrc}.  With this option, for each file it intends to download,
+Wget will check whether a local file of the same name exists.  If it
+does, and the remote file is not newer, Wget will not download it.
+
+If the local file does not exist, or the sizes of the files do not
+match, Wget will download the remote file no matter what the time-stamps
+say.
+
+@menu
+* Time-Stamping Usage::         
+* HTTP Time-Stamping Internals::  
+* FTP Time-Stamping Internals::  
+@end menu
+
+@node Time-Stamping Usage, HTTP Time-Stamping Internals, Time-Stamping, Time-Stamping
+@section Time-Stamping Usage
+@cindex time-stamping usage
+@cindex usage, time-stamping
+
+The usage of time-stamping is simple.  Say you would like to download a
+file so that it keeps its date of modification.
+
+@example
+wget -S http://www.gnu.ai.mit.edu/
+@end example
+
+A simple @code{ls -l} shows that the time stamp on the local file equals
+the state of the @code{Last-Modified} header, as returned by the server.
+As you can see, the time-stamping info is preserved locally, even
+without @samp{-N} (at least for @sc{http}).
+
+Several days later, you would like Wget to check if the remote file has
+changed, and download it if it has.
+
+@example
+wget -N http://www.gnu.ai.mit.edu/
+@end example
+
+Wget will ask the server for the last-modified date.  If the local file
+has the same timestamp as the server, or a newer one, the remote file
+will not be re-fetched.  However, if the remote file is more recent,
+Wget will proceed to fetch it.
+
+The same goes for @sc{ftp}.  For example:
+
+@example
+wget "ftp://ftp.ifi.uio.no/pub/emacs/gnus/*"
+@end example
+
+(The quotes around that URL are to prevent the shell from trying to
+interpret the @samp{*}.)
+
+After download, a local directory listing will show that the timestamps
+match those on the remote server.  Reissuing the command with @samp{-N}
+will make Wget re-fetch @emph{only} the files that have been modified
+since the last download.
+
+If you wished to mirror the GNU archive every week, you would use a
+command like the following, weekly:
+
+@example
+wget --timestamping -r ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/
+@end example
+
+Note that time-stamping will only work for files for which the server
+gives a timestamp.  For @sc{http}, this depends on getting a
+@code{Last-Modified} header.  For @sc{ftp}, this depends on getting a
+directory listing with dates in a format that Wget can parse
+(@pxref{FTP Time-Stamping Internals}).
+
+@node HTTP Time-Stamping Internals, FTP Time-Stamping Internals, Time-Stamping Usage, Time-Stamping
+@section HTTP Time-Stamping Internals
+@cindex http time-stamping
+
+Time-stamping in @sc{http} is implemented by checking of the
+@code{Last-Modified} header.  If you wish to retrieve the file
+@file{foo.html} through @sc{http}, Wget will check whether
+@file{foo.html} exists locally.  If it doesn't, @file{foo.html} will be
+retrieved unconditionally.
+
+If the file does exist locally, Wget will first check its local
+time-stamp (similar to the way @code{ls -l} checks it), and then send a
+@code{HEAD} request to the remote server, demanding the information on
+the remote file.
+
+The @code{Last-Modified} header is examined to find which file was
+modified more recently (which makes it ``newer'').  If the remote file
+is newer, it will be downloaded; if it is older, Wget will give
+up.@footnote{As an additional check, Wget will look at the
+@code{Content-Length} header, and compare the sizes; if they are not the
+same, the remote file will be downloaded no matter what the time-stamp
+says.}
+
+When @samp{--backup-converted} (@samp{-K}) is specified in conjunction
+with @samp{-N}, server file @samp{@var{X}} is compared to local file
+@samp{@var{X}.orig}, if extant, rather than being compared to local file
+@samp{@var{X}}, which will always differ if it's been converted by
+@samp{--convert-links} (@samp{-k}).
+
+Arguably, @sc{http} time-stamping should be implemented using the
+@code{If-Modified-Since} request.
+
+@node FTP Time-Stamping Internals,  , HTTP Time-Stamping Internals, Time-Stamping
+@section FTP Time-Stamping Internals
+@cindex ftp time-stamping
+
+In theory, @sc{ftp} time-stamping works much the same as @sc{http}, only
+@sc{ftp} has no headers---time-stamps must be ferreted out of directory
+listings.
+
+If an @sc{ftp} download is recursive or uses globbing, Wget will use the
+@sc{ftp} @code{LIST} command to get a file listing for the directory
+containing the desired file(s).  It will try to analyze the listing,
+treating it like Unix @code{ls -l} output, extracting the time-stamps.
+The rest is exactly the same as for @sc{http}.  Note that when
+retrieving individual files from an @sc{ftp} server without using
+globbing or recursion, listing files will not be downloaded (and thus
+files will not be time-stamped) unless @samp{-N} is specified.
+
+Assumption that every directory listing is a Unix-style listing may
+sound extremely constraining, but in practice it is not, as many
+non-Unix @sc{ftp} servers use the Unixoid listing format because most
+(all?) of the clients understand it.  Bear in mind that @sc{rfc959}
+defines no standard way to get a file list, let alone the time-stamps.
+We can only hope that a future standard will define this.
+
+Another non-standard solution includes the use of @code{MDTM} command
+that is supported by some @sc{ftp} servers (including the popular
+@code{wu-ftpd}), which returns the exact time of the specified file.
+Wget may support this command in the future.
+
+@node Startup File, Examples, Time-Stamping, Top
+@chapter Startup File
+@cindex startup file
+@cindex wgetrc
+@cindex .wgetrc
+@cindex startup
+@cindex .netrc
+
+Once you know how to change default settings of Wget through command
+line arguments, you may wish to make some of those settings permanent.
+You can do that in a convenient way by creating the Wget startup
+file---@file{.wgetrc}.
+
+Besides @file{.wgetrc} is the ``main'' initialization file, it is
+convenient to have a special facility for storing passwords.  Thus Wget
+reads and interprets the contents of @file{$HOME/.netrc}, if it finds
+it.  You can find @file{.netrc} format in your system manuals.
+
+Wget reads @file{.wgetrc} upon startup, recognizing a limited set of
+commands.
+
+@menu
+* Wgetrc Location::             Location of various wgetrc files.
+* Wgetrc Syntax::               Syntax of wgetrc.
+* Wgetrc Commands::             List of available commands.
+* Sample Wgetrc::               A wgetrc example.
+@end menu
+
+@node Wgetrc Location, Wgetrc Syntax, Startup File, Startup File
+@section Wgetrc Location
+@cindex wgetrc location
+@cindex location of wgetrc
+
+When initializing, Wget will look for a @dfn{global} startup file,
+@file{/usr/local/etc/wgetrc} by default (or some prefix other than
+@file{/usr/local}, if Wget was not installed there) and read commands
+from there, if it exists.
+
+Then it will look for the user's file.  If the environmental variable
+@code{WGETRC} is set, Wget will try to load that file.  Failing that, no
+further attempts will be made.
+
+If @code{WGETRC} is not set, Wget will try to load @file{$HOME/.wgetrc}.
+
+The fact that user's settings are loaded after the system-wide ones
+means that in case of collision user's wgetrc @emph{overrides} the
+system-wide wgetrc (in @file{/usr/local/etc/wgetrc} by default).
+Fascist admins, away!
+
+@node Wgetrc Syntax, Wgetrc Commands, Wgetrc Location, Startup File
+@section Wgetrc Syntax
+@cindex wgetrc syntax
+@cindex syntax of wgetrc
+
+The syntax of a wgetrc command is simple:
+
+@example
+variable = value
+@end example
+
+The @dfn{variable} will also be called @dfn{command}.  Valid
+@dfn{values} are different for different commands.
+
+The commands are case-, underscore- and minus-insensitive.  Thus
+@samp{DIr__PrefiX}, @samp{DIr-PrefiX} and @samp{dirprefix} are the same.
+Empty lines, lines beginning with @samp{#} and lines containing white-space
+only are discarded.
+
+Commands that expect a comma-separated list will clear the list on an
+empty command.  So, if you wish to reset the rejection list specified in
+global @file{wgetrc}, you can do it with:
+
+@example
+reject =
+@end example
+
+@node Wgetrc Commands, Sample Wgetrc, Wgetrc Syntax, Startup File
+@section Wgetrc Commands
+@cindex wgetrc commands
+
+The complete set of commands is listed below.  Legal values are listed
+after the @samp{=}.  Simple Boolean values can be set or unset using
+@samp{on} and @samp{off} or @samp{1} and @samp{0}.
+
+Some commands take pseudo-arbitrary values.  @var{address} values can be
+hostnames or dotted-quad IP addresses.  @var{n} can be any positive
+integer, or @samp{inf} for infinity, where appropriate.  @var{string}
+values can be any non-empty string.
+
+Most of these commands have direct command-line equivalents.  Also, any
+wgetrc command can be specified on the command line using the
+@samp{--execute} switch (@pxref{Basic Startup Options}.)
+
+@table @asis
+@item accept/reject = @var{string}
+Same as @samp{-A}/@samp{-R} (@pxref{Types of Files}).
+
+@item add_hostdir = on/off
+Enable/disable host-prefixed file names.  @samp{-nH} disables it.
+
+@item ask_password = on/off
+Prompt for a password for each connection established. Cannot be specified
+when @samp{--password} is being used, because they are mutually
+exclusive. Equivalent to @samp{--ask-password}.
+
+@item auth_no_challenge = on/off
+If this option is given, Wget will send Basic HTTP authentication
+information (plaintext username and password) for all requests. See
+@samp{--auth-no-challenge}.
+
+@item background = on/off
+Enable/disable going to background---the same as @samp{-b} (which
+enables it).
+
+@item backup_converted = on/off
+Enable/disable saving pre-converted files with the suffix
+@samp{.orig}---the same as @samp{-K} (which enables it).
+
+@item backups = @var{number}
+Use up to @var{number} backups for a file.  Backups are rotated by
+adding an incremental counter that starts at @samp{1}.  The default is
+@samp{0}.
+
+@item base = @var{string}
+Consider relative @sc{url}s in input files (specified via the
+@samp{input} command or the @samp{--input-file}/@samp{-i} option,
+together with @samp{force_html} or @samp{--force-html})
+as being relative to @var{string}---the same as @samp{--base=@var{string}}.
+
+@item bind_address = @var{address}
+Bind to @var{address}, like the @samp{--bind-address=@var{address}}.
+
+@item ca_certificate = @var{file}
+Set the certificate authority bundle file to @var{file}.  The same
+as @samp{--ca-certificate=@var{file}}.
+
+@item ca_directory = @var{directory}
+Set the directory used for certificate authorities.  The same as
+@samp{--ca-directory=@var{directory}}.
+
+@item cache = on/off
+When set to off, disallow server-caching.  See the @samp{--no-cache}
+option.
+
+@item certificate = @var{file}
+Set the client certificate file name to @var{file}.  The same as
+@samp{--certificate=@var{file}}.
+
+@item certificate_type = @var{string}
+Specify the type of the client certificate, legal values being
+@samp{PEM} (the default) and @samp{DER} (aka ASN1).  The same as
+@samp{--certificate-type=@var{string}}.
+
+@item check_certificate = on/off
+If this is set to off, the server certificate is not checked against
+the specified client authorities.  The default is ``on''.  The same as
+@samp{--check-certificate}.
+
+@item connect_timeout = @var{n}
+Set the connect timeout---the same as @samp{--connect-timeout}.
+
+@item content_disposition = on/off
+Turn on recognition of the (non-standard) @samp{Content-Disposition}
+HTTP header---if set to @samp{on}, the same as @samp{--content-disposition}.
+
+@item trust_server_names = on/off
+If set to on, construct the local file name from redirection URLs
+rather than original URLs.
+
+@item continue = on/off
+If set to on, force continuation of preexistent partially retrieved
+files.  See @samp{-c} before setting it.
+
+@item convert_links = on/off
+Convert non-relative links locally.  The same as @samp{-k}.
+
+@item cookies = on/off
+When set to off, disallow cookies.  See the @samp{--cookies} option.
+
+@item cut_dirs = @var{n}
+Ignore @var{n} remote directory components.  Equivalent to
+@samp{--cut-dirs=@var{n}}.
+
+@item debug = on/off
+Debug mode, same as @samp{-d}.
+
+@item default_page = @var{string}
+Default page name---the same as @samp{--default-page=@var{string}}.
+
+@item delete_after = on/off
+Delete after download---the same as @samp{--delete-after}.
+
+@item dir_prefix = @var{string}
+Top of directory tree---the same as @samp{-P @var{string}}.
+
+@item dirstruct = on/off
+Turning dirstruct on or off---the same as @samp{-x} or @samp{-nd},
+respectively.
+
+@item dns_cache = on/off
+Turn DNS caching on/off.  Since DNS caching is on by default, this
+option is normally used to turn it off and is equivalent to
+@samp{--no-dns-cache}.
+
+@item dns_timeout = @var{n}
+Set the DNS timeout---the same as @samp{--dns-timeout}.
+
+@item domains = @var{string}
+Same as @samp{-D} (@pxref{Spanning Hosts}).
+
+@item dot_bytes = @var{n}
+Specify the number of bytes ``contained'' in a dot, as seen throughout
+the retrieval (1024 by default).  You can postfix the value with
+@samp{k} or @samp{m}, representing kilobytes and megabytes,
+respectively.  With dot settings you can tailor the dot retrieval to
+suit your needs, or you can use the predefined @dfn{styles}
+(@pxref{Download Options}).
+
+@item dot_spacing = @var{n}
+Specify the number of dots in a single cluster (10 by default).
+
+@item dots_in_line = @var{n}
+Specify the number of dots that will be printed in each line throughout
+the retrieval (50 by default).
+
+@item egd_file = @var{file}
+Use @var{string} as the EGD socket file name.  The same as
+@samp{--egd-file=@var{file}}.
+
+@item exclude_directories = @var{string}
+Specify a comma-separated list of directories you wish to exclude from
+download---the same as @samp{-X @var{string}} (@pxref{Directory-Based
+Limits}).
+
+@item exclude_domains = @var{string}
+Same as @samp{--exclude-domains=@var{string}} (@pxref{Spanning
+Hosts}).
+
+@item follow_ftp = on/off
+Follow @sc{ftp} links from @sc{html} documents---the same as
+@samp{--follow-ftp}.
+
+@item follow_tags = @var{string}
+Only follow certain @sc{html} tags when doing a recursive retrieval,
+just like @samp{--follow-tags=@var{string}}.
+
+@item force_html = on/off
+If set to on, force the input filename to be regarded as an @sc{html}
+document---the same as @samp{-F}.
+
+@item ftp_password = @var{string}
+Set your @sc{ftp} password to @var{string}.  Without this setting, the
+password defaults to @samp{-wget@@}, which is a useful default for
+anonymous @sc{ftp} access.
+
+This command used to be named @code{passwd} prior to Wget 1.10.
+
+@item ftp_proxy = @var{string}
+Use @var{string} as @sc{ftp} proxy, instead of the one specified in
+environment.
+
+@item ftp_user = @var{string}
+Set @sc{ftp} user to @var{string}.
+
+This command used to be named @code{login} prior to Wget 1.10.
+
+@item glob = on/off
+Turn globbing on/off---the same as @samp{--glob} and @samp{--no-glob}.
+
+@item header = @var{string}
+Define a header for HTTP downloads, like using
+@samp{--header=@var{string}}.
+
+@item compression = @var{string}
+Choose the compression type to be used.  Legal values are @samp{auto}
+(the default), @samp{gzip}, and @samp{none}.  The same as
+@samp{--compression=@var{string}}.
+
+@item adjust_extension = on/off
+Add a @samp{.html} extension to @samp{text/html} or
+@samp{application/xhtml+xml} files that lack one, a @samp{.css}
+extension to @samp{text/css} files that lack one, and a @samp{.br},
+@samp{.Z}, @samp{.zlib} or @samp{.gz} to compressed files like
+@samp{-E}. Previously named @samp{html_extension} (still acceptable,
+but deprecated).
+
+@item http_keep_alive = on/off
+Turn the keep-alive feature on or off (defaults to on).  Turning it
+off is equivalent to @samp{--no-http-keep-alive}.
+
+@item http_password = @var{string}
+Set @sc{http} password, equivalent to
+@samp{--http-password=@var{string}}.
+
+@item http_proxy = @var{string}
+Use @var{string} as @sc{http} proxy, instead of the one specified in
+environment.
+
+@item http_user = @var{string}
+Set @sc{http} user to @var{string}, equivalent to
+@samp{--http-user=@var{string}}.
+
+@item https_only = on/off
+When in recursive mode, only HTTPS links are followed (defaults to off).
+
+@item https_proxy = @var{string}
+Use @var{string} as @sc{https} proxy, instead of the one specified in
+environment.
+
+@item ignore_case = on/off
+When set to on, match files and directories case insensitively; the
+same as @samp{--ignore-case}.
+
+@item ignore_length = on/off
+When set to on, ignore @code{Content-Length} header; the same as
+@samp{--ignore-length}.
+
+@item ignore_tags = @var{string}
+Ignore certain @sc{html} tags when doing a recursive retrieval, like
+@samp{--ignore-tags=@var{string}}.
+
+@item include_directories = @var{string}
+Specify a comma-separated list of directories you wish to follow when
+downloading---the same as @samp{-I @var{string}}.
+
+@item iri = on/off
+When set to on, enable internationalized URI (IRI) support; the same as
+@samp{--iri}.
+
+@item inet4_only = on/off
+Force connecting to IPv4 addresses, off by default.  You can put this
+in the global init file to disable Wget's attempts to resolve and
+connect to IPv6 hosts.  Available only if Wget was compiled with IPv6
+support.  The same as @samp{--inet4-only} or @samp{-4}.
+
+@item inet6_only = on/off
+Force connecting to IPv6 addresses, off by default.  Available only if
+Wget was compiled with IPv6 support.  The same as @samp{--inet6-only}
+or @samp{-6}.
+
+@item input = @var{file}
+Read the @sc{url}s from @var{string}, like @samp{-i @var{file}}.
+
+@item keep_session_cookies = on/off
+When specified, causes @samp{save_cookies = on} to also save session
+cookies.  See @samp{--keep-session-cookies}.
+
+@item limit_rate = @var{rate}
+Limit the download speed to no more than @var{rate} bytes per second.
+The same as @samp{--limit-rate=@var{rate}}.
+
+@item load_cookies = @var{file}
+Load cookies from @var{file}.  See @samp{--load-cookies @var{file}}.
+
+@item local_encoding = @var{encoding}
+Force Wget to use @var{encoding} as the default system encoding. See
+@samp{--local-encoding}.
+
+@item logfile = @var{file}
+Set logfile to @var{file}, the same as @samp{-o @var{file}}.
+
+@item max_redirect = @var{number}
+Specifies the maximum number of redirections to follow for a resource.
+See @samp{--max-redirect=@var{number}}.
+
+@item mirror = on/off
+Turn mirroring on/off.  The same as @samp{-m}.
+
+@item netrc = on/off
+Turn reading netrc on or off.
+
+@item no_clobber = on/off
+Same as @samp{-nc}.
+
+@item no_parent = on/off
+Disallow retrieving outside the directory hierarchy, like
+@samp{--no-parent} (@pxref{Directory-Based Limits}).
+
+@item no_proxy = @var{string}
+Use @var{string} as the comma-separated list of domains to avoid in
+proxy loading, instead of the one specified in environment.
+
+@item output_document = @var{file}
+Set the output filename---the same as @samp{-O @var{file}}.
+
+@item page_requisites = on/off
+Download all ancillary documents necessary for a single @sc{html} page to
+display properly---the same as @samp{-p}.
+
+@item passive_ftp = on/off
+Change setting of passive @sc{ftp}, equivalent to the
+@samp{--passive-ftp} option.
+
+@item password = @var{string}
+Specify password @var{string} for both @sc{ftp} and @sc{http} file retrieval. 
+This command can be overridden using the @samp{ftp_password} and 
+@samp{http_password} command for @sc{ftp} and @sc{http} respectively.
+
+@item post_data = @var{string}
+Use POST as the method for all HTTP requests and send @var{string} in
+the request body.  The same as @samp{--post-data=@var{string}}.
+
+@item post_file = @var{file}
+Use POST as the method for all HTTP requests and send the contents of
+@var{file} in the request body.  The same as
+@samp{--post-file=@var{file}}.
+
+@item prefer_family = none/IPv4/IPv6
+When given a choice of several addresses, connect to the addresses
+with specified address family first.  The address order returned by
+DNS is used without change by default.  The same as @samp{--prefer-family},
+which see for a detailed discussion of why this is useful.
+
+@item private_key = @var{file}
+Set the private key file to @var{file}.  The same as
+@samp{--private-key=@var{file}}.
+
+@item private_key_type = @var{string}
+Specify the type of the private key, legal values being @samp{PEM}
+(the default) and @samp{DER} (aka ASN1).  The same as
+@samp{--private-type=@var{string}}.
+
+@item progress = @var{string}
+Set the type of the progress indicator.  Legal types are @samp{dot}
+and @samp{bar}.  Equivalent to @samp{--progress=@var{string}}.
+
+@item protocol_directories = on/off
+When set, use the protocol name as a directory component of local file
+names.  The same as @samp{--protocol-directories}.
+
+@item proxy_password = @var{string}
+Set proxy authentication password to @var{string}, like
+@samp{--proxy-password=@var{string}}.
+
+@item proxy_user = @var{string}
+Set proxy authentication user name to @var{string}, like
+@samp{--proxy-user=@var{string}}.
+
+@item quiet = on/off
+Quiet mode---the same as @samp{-q}.
+
+@item quota = @var{quota}
+Specify the download quota, which is useful to put in the global
+@file{wgetrc}.  When download quota is specified, Wget will stop
+retrieving after the download sum has become greater than quota.  The
+quota can be specified in bytes (default), kbytes @samp{k} appended) or
+mbytes (@samp{m} appended).  Thus @samp{quota = 5m} will set the quota
+to 5 megabytes.  Note that the user's startup file overrides system
+settings.
+
+@item random_file = @var{file}
+Use @var{file} as a source of randomness on systems lacking
+@file{/dev/random}.
+
+@item random_wait = on/off
+Turn random between-request wait times on or off. The same as 
+@samp{--random-wait}.
+
+@item read_timeout = @var{n}
+Set the read (and write) timeout---the same as
+@samp{--read-timeout=@var{n}}.
+
+@item reclevel = @var{n}
+Recursion level (depth)---the same as @samp{-l @var{n}}.
+
+@item recursive = on/off
+Recursive on/off---the same as @samp{-r}.
+
+@item referer = @var{string}
+Set HTTP @samp{Referer:} header just like
+@samp{--referer=@var{string}}.  (Note that it was the folks who wrote
+the @sc{http} spec who got the spelling of ``referrer'' wrong.)
+
+@item relative_only = on/off
+Follow only relative links---the same as @samp{-L} (@pxref{Relative
+Links}).
+
+@item remote_encoding = @var{encoding}
+Force Wget to use @var{encoding} as the default remote server encoding.
+See @samp{--remote-encoding}.
+
+@item remove_listing = on/off
+If set to on, remove @sc{ftp} listings downloaded by Wget.  Setting it
+to off is the same as @samp{--no-remove-listing}.
+
+@item restrict_file_names = unix/windows
+Restrict the file names generated by Wget from URLs.  See
+@samp{--restrict-file-names} for a more detailed description.
+
+@item retr_symlinks = on/off
+When set to on, retrieve symbolic links as if they were plain files; the
+same as @samp{--retr-symlinks}.
+
+@item retry_connrefused = on/off
+When set to on, consider ``connection refused'' a transient
+error---the same as @samp{--retry-connrefused}.
+
+@item robots = on/off
+Specify whether the norobots convention is respected by Wget, ``on'' by
+default.  This switch controls both the @file{/robots.txt} and the
+@samp{nofollow} aspect of the spec.  @xref{Robot Exclusion}, for more
+details about this.  Be sure you know what you are doing before turning
+this off.
+
+@item save_cookies = @var{file}
+Save cookies to @var{file}.  The same as @samp{--save-cookies
+@var{file}}.
+
+@item save_headers = on/off
+Same as @samp{--save-headers}.
+
+@item secure_protocol = @var{string}
+Choose the secure protocol to be used.  Legal values are @samp{auto}
+(the default), @samp{SSLv2}, @samp{SSLv3}, and @samp{TLSv1}.  The same
+as @samp{--secure-protocol=@var{string}}.
+
+@item server_response = on/off
+Choose whether or not to print the @sc{http} and @sc{ftp} server
+responses---the same as @samp{-S}.
+
+@item show_all_dns_entries = on/off
+When a DNS name is resolved, show all the IP addresses, not just the first
+three.
+
+@item span_hosts = on/off
+Same as @samp{-H}.
+
+@item spider = on/off
+Same as @samp{--spider}.
+
+@item strict_comments = on/off
+Same as @samp{--strict-comments}.
+
+@item timeout = @var{n}
+Set all applicable timeout values to @var{n}, the same as @samp{-T
+@var{n}}.
+
+@item timestamping = on/off
+Turn timestamping on/off.  The same as @samp{-N} (@pxref{Time-Stamping}).
+
+@item use_server_timestamps = on/off
+If set to @samp{off}, Wget won't set the local file's timestamp by the
+one on the server (same as @samp{--no-use-server-timestamps}).
+
+@item tries = @var{n}
+Set number of retries per @sc{url}---the same as @samp{-t @var{n}}.
+
+@item use_proxy = on/off
+When set to off, don't use proxy even when proxy-related environment
+variables are set.  In that case it is the same as using
+@samp{--no-proxy}.
+
+@item user = @var{string}
+Specify username @var{string} for both @sc{ftp} and @sc{http} file retrieval. 
+This command can be overridden using the @samp{ftp_user} and 
+@samp{http_user} command for @sc{ftp} and @sc{http} respectively.
+
+@item user_agent = @var{string}
+User agent identification sent to the HTTP Server---the same as
+@samp{--user-agent=@var{string}}.
+
+@item verbose = on/off
+Turn verbose on/off---the same as @samp{-v}/@samp{-nv}.
+
+@item wait = @var{n}
+Wait @var{n} seconds between retrievals---the same as @samp{-w
+@var{n}}.
+
+@item wait_retry = @var{n}
+Wait up to @var{n} seconds between retries of failed retrievals
+only---the same as @samp{--waitretry=@var{n}}.  Note that this is
+turned on by default in the global @file{wgetrc}.
+@end table
+
+@node Sample Wgetrc,  , Wgetrc Commands, Startup File
+@section Sample Wgetrc
+@cindex sample wgetrc
+
+This is the sample initialization file, as given in the distribution.
+It is divided in two section---one for global usage (suitable for global
+startup file), and one for local usage (suitable for
+@file{$HOME/.wgetrc}).  Be careful about the things you change.
+
+Note that almost all the lines are commented out.  For a command to have
+any effect, you must remove the @samp{#} character at the beginning of
+its line.
+
+@example
+@include sample.wgetrc.munged_for_texi_inclusion
+@end example
+
+@node Examples, Various, Startup File, Top
+@chapter Examples
+@cindex examples
+
+@c man begin EXAMPLES
+The examples are divided into three sections loosely based on their
+complexity.
+
+@menu
+* Simple Usage::                Simple, basic usage of the program.
+* Advanced Usage::              Advanced tips.
+* Very Advanced Usage::         The hairy stuff.
+@end menu
+
+@node Simple Usage, Advanced Usage, Examples, Examples
+@section Simple Usage
+
+@itemize @bullet
+@item
+Say you want to download a @sc{url}.  Just type:
+
+@example
+wget http://fly.srk.fer.hr/
+@end example
+
+@item
+But what will happen if the connection is slow, and the file is lengthy?
+The connection will probably fail before the whole file is retrieved,
+more than once.  In this case, Wget will try getting the file until it
+either gets the whole of it, or exceeds the default number of retries
+(this being 20).  It is easy to change the number of tries to 45, to
+insure that the whole file will arrive safely:
+
+@example
+wget --tries=45 http://fly.srk.fer.hr/jpg/flyweb.jpg
+@end example
+
+@item
+Now let's leave Wget to work in the background, and write its progress
+to log file @file{log}.  It is tiring to type @samp{--tries}, so we
+shall use @samp{-t}.
+
+@example
+wget -t 45 -o log http://fly.srk.fer.hr/jpg/flyweb.jpg &
+@end example
+
+The ampersand at the end of the line makes sure that Wget works in the
+background.  To unlimit the number of retries, use @samp{-t inf}.
+
+@item
+The usage of @sc{ftp} is as simple.  Wget will take care of login and
+password.
+
+@example
+wget ftp://gnjilux.srk.fer.hr/welcome.msg
+@end example
+
+@item
+If you specify a directory, Wget will retrieve the directory listing,
+parse it and convert it to @sc{html}.  Try:
+
+@example
+wget ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/
+links index.html
+@end example
+@end itemize
+
+@node Advanced Usage, Very Advanced Usage, Simple Usage, Examples
+@section Advanced Usage
+
+@itemize @bullet
+@item
+You have a file that contains the URLs you want to download?  Use the
+@samp{-i} switch:
+
+@example
+wget -i @var{file}
+@end example
+
+If you specify @samp{-} as file name, the @sc{url}s will be read from
+standard input.
+
+@item
+Create a five levels deep mirror image of the GNU web site, with the
+same directory structure the original has, with only one try per
+document, saving the log of the activities to @file{gnulog}:
+
+@example
+wget -r https://www.gnu.org/ -o gnulog
+@end example
+
+@item
+The same as the above, but convert the links in the downloaded files to
+point to local files, so you can view the documents off-line:
+
+@example
+wget --convert-links -r https://www.gnu.org/ -o gnulog
+@end example
+
+@item
+Retrieve only one @sc{html} page, but make sure that all the elements needed
+for the page to be displayed, such as inline images and external style
+sheets, are also downloaded.  Also make sure the downloaded page
+references the downloaded links.
+
+@example
+wget -p --convert-links http://www.example.com/dir/page.html
+@end example
+
+The @sc{html} page will be saved to @file{www.example.com/dir/page.html}, and
+the images, stylesheets, etc., somewhere under @file{www.example.com/},
+depending on where they were on the remote server.
+
+@item
+The same as the above, but without the @file{www.example.com/} directory.
+In fact, I don't want to have all those random server directories
+anyway---just save @emph{all} those files under a @file{download/}
+subdirectory of the current directory.
+
+@example
+wget -p --convert-links -nH -nd -Pdownload \
+     http://www.example.com/dir/page.html
+@end example
+
+@item
+Retrieve the index.html of @samp{www.lycos.com}, showing the original
+server headers:
+
+@example
+wget -S http://www.lycos.com/
+@end example
+
+@item
+Save the server headers with the file, perhaps for post-processing.
+
+@example
+wget --save-headers http://www.lycos.com/
+more index.html
+@end example
+
+@item
+Retrieve the first two levels of @samp{wuarchive.wustl.edu}, saving them
+to @file{/tmp}.
+
+@example
+wget -r -l2 -P/tmp ftp://wuarchive.wustl.edu/
+@end example
+
+@item
+You want to download all the @sc{gif}s from a directory on an @sc{http}
+server.  You tried @samp{wget http://www.example.com/dir/*.gif}, but that
+didn't work because @sc{http} retrieval does not support globbing.  In
+that case, use:
+
+@example
+wget -r -l1 --no-parent -A.gif http://www.example.com/dir/
+@end example
+
+More verbose, but the effect is the same.  @samp{-r -l1} means to
+retrieve recursively (@pxref{Recursive Download}), with maximum depth
+of 1.  @samp{--no-parent} means that references to the parent directory
+are ignored (@pxref{Directory-Based Limits}), and @samp{-A.gif} means to
+download only the @sc{gif} files.  @samp{-A "*.gif"} would have worked
+too.
+
+@item
+Suppose you were in the middle of downloading, when Wget was
+interrupted.  Now you do not want to clobber the files already present.
+It would be:
+
+@example
+wget -nc -r https://www.gnu.org/
+@end example
+
+@item
+If you want to encode your own username and password to @sc{http} or
+@sc{ftp}, use the appropriate @sc{url} syntax (@pxref{URL Format}).
+
+@example
+wget ftp://hniksic:mypassword@@unix.example.com/.emacs
+@end example
+
+Note, however, that this usage is not advisable on multi-user systems
+because it reveals your password to anyone who looks at the output of
+@code{ps}.
+
+@cindex redirecting output
+@item
+You would like the output documents to go to standard output instead of
+to files?
+
+@example
+wget -O - http://jagor.srce.hr/ http://www.srce.hr/
+@end example
+
+You can also combine the two options and make pipelines to retrieve the
+documents from remote hotlists:
+
+@example
+wget -O - http://cool.list.com/ | wget --force-html -i -
+@end example
+@end itemize
+
+@node Very Advanced Usage,  , Advanced Usage, Examples
+@section Very Advanced Usage
+
+@cindex mirroring
+@itemize @bullet
+@item
+If you wish Wget to keep a mirror of a page (or @sc{ftp}
+subdirectories), use @samp{--mirror} (@samp{-m}), which is the shorthand
+for @samp{-r -l inf -N}.  You can put Wget in the crontab file asking it
+to recheck a site each Sunday:
+
+@example
+crontab
+0 0 * * 0 wget --mirror https://www.gnu.org/ -o /home/me/weeklog
+@end example
+
+@item
+In addition to the above, you want the links to be converted for local
+viewing.  But, after having read this manual, you know that link
+conversion doesn't play well with timestamping, so you also want Wget to
+back up the original @sc{html} files before the conversion.  Wget invocation
+would look like this:
+
+@example
+wget --mirror --convert-links --backup-converted  \
+     https://www.gnu.org/ -o /home/me/weeklog
+@end example
+
+@item
+But you've also noticed that local viewing doesn't work all that well
+when @sc{html} files are saved under extensions other than @samp{.html},
+perhaps because they were served as @file{index.cgi}.  So you'd like
+Wget to rename all the files served with content-type @samp{text/html}
+or @samp{application/xhtml+xml} to @file{@var{name}.html}.
+
+@example
+wget --mirror --convert-links --backup-converted \
+     --html-extension -o /home/me/weeklog        \
+     https://www.gnu.org/
+@end example
+
+Or, with less typing:
+
+@example
+wget -m -k -K -E https://www.gnu.org/ -o /home/me/weeklog
+@end example
+@end itemize
+@c man end
+
+@node Various, Appendices, Examples, Top
+@chapter Various
+@cindex various
+
+This chapter contains all the stuff that could not fit anywhere else.
+
+@menu
+* Proxies::                     Support for proxy servers.
+* Distribution::                Getting the latest version.
+* Web Site::                    GNU Wget's presence on the World Wide Web.
+* Mailing Lists::               Wget mailing list for announcements and discussion.
+* Internet Relay Chat::         Wget's presence on IRC.
+* Reporting Bugs::              How and where to report bugs.
+* Portability::                 The systems Wget works on.
+* Signals::                     Signal-handling performed by Wget.
+@end menu
+
+@node Proxies, Distribution, Various, Various
+@section Proxies
+@cindex proxies
+
+@dfn{Proxies} are special-purpose @sc{http} servers designed to transfer
+data from remote servers to local clients.  One typical use of proxies
+is lightening network load for users behind a slow connection.  This is
+achieved by channeling all @sc{http} and @sc{ftp} requests through the
+proxy which caches the transferred data.  When a cached resource is
+requested again, proxy will return the data from cache.  Another use for
+proxies is for companies that separate (for security reasons) their
+internal networks from the rest of Internet.  In order to obtain
+information from the Web, their users connect and retrieve remote data
+using an authorized proxy.
+
+@c man begin ENVIRONMENT
+Wget supports proxies for both @sc{http} and @sc{ftp} retrievals.  The
+standard way to specify proxy location, which Wget recognizes, is using
+the following environment variables:
+
+@table @env
+@item http_proxy
+@itemx https_proxy
+If set, the @env{http_proxy} and @env{https_proxy} variables should
+contain the @sc{url}s of the proxies for @sc{http} and @sc{https}
+connections respectively.
+
+@item ftp_proxy
+This variable should contain the @sc{url} of the proxy for @sc{ftp}
+connections.  It is quite common that @env{http_proxy} and
+@env{ftp_proxy} are set to the same @sc{url}.
+
+@item no_proxy
+This variable should contain a comma-separated list of domain extensions
+proxy should @emph{not} be used for.  For instance, if the value of
+@env{no_proxy} is @samp{.mit.edu}, proxy will not be used to retrieve
+documents from MIT.
+@end table
+@c man end
+
+In addition to the environment variables, proxy location and settings
+may be specified from within Wget itself.
+
+@table @samp
+@item --no-proxy
+@itemx proxy = on/off
+This option and the corresponding command may be used to suppress the
+use of proxy, even if the appropriate environment variables are set.
+
+@item http_proxy = @var{URL}
+@itemx https_proxy = @var{URL}
+@itemx ftp_proxy = @var{URL}
+@itemx no_proxy = @var{string}
+These startup file variables allow you to override the proxy settings
+specified by the environment.
+@end table
+
+Some proxy servers require authorization to enable you to use them.  The
+authorization consists of @dfn{username} and @dfn{password}, which must
+be sent by Wget.  As with @sc{http} authorization, several
+authentication schemes exist.  For proxy authorization only the
+@code{Basic} authentication scheme is currently implemented.
+
+You may specify your username and password either through the proxy
+@sc{url} or through the command-line options.  Assuming that the
+company's proxy is located at @samp{proxy.company.com} at port 8001, a
+proxy @sc{url} location containing authorization data might look like
+this:
+
+@example
+http://hniksic:mypassword@@proxy.company.com:8001/
+@end example
+
+Alternatively, you may use the @samp{proxy-user} and
+@samp{proxy-password} options, and the equivalent @file{.wgetrc}
+settings @code{proxy_user} and @code{proxy_password} to set the proxy
+username and password.
+
+@node Distribution, Web Site, Proxies, Various
+@section Distribution
+@cindex latest version
+
+Like all GNU utilities, the latest version of Wget can be found at the
+master GNU archive site ftp.gnu.org, and its mirrors.  For example,
+Wget @value{VERSION} can be found at
+@url{https://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/wget/wget-@value{VERSION}.tar.gz}
+
+@node Web Site, Mailing Lists, Distribution, Various
+@section Web Site
+@cindex web site
+
+The official web site for GNU Wget is at
+@url{https//www.gnu.org/software/wget/}. However, most useful
+information resides at ``The Wget Wgiki'',
+@url{http://wget.addictivecode.org/}.
+
+@node Mailing Lists, Internet Relay Chat, Web Site, Various
+@section Mailing Lists
+@cindex mailing list
+@cindex list
+
+@unnumberedsubsec Primary List
+
+The primary mailinglist for discussion, bug-reports, or questions
+about GNU Wget is at @email{bug-wget@@gnu.org}. To subscribe, send an
+email to @email{bug-wget-join@@gnu.org}, or visit
+@url{https://lists.gnu.org/mailman/listinfo/bug-wget}.
+
+You do not need to subscribe to send a message to the list; however,
+please note that unsubscribed messages are moderated, and may take a
+while before they hit the list---@strong{usually around a day}.  If
+you want your message to show up immediately, please subscribe to the
+list before posting. Archives for the list may be found at
+@url{https://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/bug-wget/}.
+
+An NNTP/Usenettish gateway is also available via
+@uref{http://gmane.org/about.php,Gmane}. You can see the Gmane
+archives at
+@url{http://news.gmane.org/gmane.comp.web.wget.general}. Note that the
+Gmane archives conveniently include messages from both the current
+list, and the previous one. Messages also show up in the Gmane
+archives sooner than they do at @url{https://lists.gnu.org}.
+
+@unnumberedsubsec Obsolete Lists
+
+Previously, the mailing list @email{wget@@sunsite.dk} was used as the
+main discussion list, and another list,
+@email{wget-patches@@sunsite.dk} was used for submitting and
+discussing patches to GNU Wget.
+
+Messages from @email{wget@@sunsite.dk} are archived at
+@itemize @tie{}
+@item
+@url{https://www.mail-archive.com/wget%40sunsite.dk/} and at
+@item
+@url{http://news.gmane.org/gmane.comp.web.wget.general} (which also
+continues to archive the current list, @email{bug-wget@@gnu.org}).
+@end itemize
+
+Messages from @email{wget-patches@@sunsite.dk} are archived at
+@itemize @tie{}
+@item
+@url{http://news.gmane.org/gmane.comp.web.wget.patches}.
+@end itemize
+
+@node Internet Relay Chat, Reporting Bugs, Mailing Lists, Various
+@section Internet Relay Chat
+@cindex Internet Relay Chat
+@cindex IRC
+@cindex #wget
+
+In addition to the mailinglists, we also have a support channel set up
+via IRC at @code{irc.freenode.org}, @code{#wget}. Come check it out!
+
+@node Reporting Bugs, Portability, Internet Relay Chat, Various
+@section Reporting Bugs
+@cindex bugs
+@cindex reporting bugs
+@cindex bug reports
+
+@c man begin BUGS
+You are welcome to submit bug reports via the GNU Wget bug tracker (see
+@url{https://savannah.gnu.org/bugs/?func=additem&group=wget}) or to our
+mailing list @email{bug-wget@@gnu.org}.
+
+Visit @url{https://lists.gnu.org/mailman/listinfo/bug-wget} to
+get more info (how to subscribe, list archives, ...).
+
+Before actually submitting a bug report, please try to follow a few
+simple guidelines.
+
+@enumerate
+@item
+Please try to ascertain that the behavior you see really is a bug.  If
+Wget crashes, it's a bug.  If Wget does not behave as documented,
+it's a bug.  If things work strange, but you are not sure about the way
+they are supposed to work, it might well be a bug, but you might want to
+double-check the documentation and the mailing lists (@pxref{Mailing
+Lists}).
+
+@item
+Try to repeat the bug in as simple circumstances as possible.  E.g. if
+Wget crashes while downloading @samp{wget -rl0 -kKE -t5 --no-proxy
+http://example.com -o /tmp/log}, you should try to see if the crash is
+repeatable, and if will occur with a simpler set of options.  You might
+even try to start the download at the page where the crash occurred to
+see if that page somehow triggered the crash.
+
+Also, while I will probably be interested to know the contents of your
+@file{.wgetrc} file, just dumping it into the debug message is probably
+a bad idea.  Instead, you should first try to see if the bug repeats
+with @file{.wgetrc} moved out of the way.  Only if it turns out that
+@file{.wgetrc} settings affect the bug, mail me the relevant parts of
+the file.
+
+@item
+Please start Wget with @samp{-d} option and send us the resulting
+output (or relevant parts thereof).  If Wget was compiled without
+debug support, recompile it---it is @emph{much} easier to trace bugs
+with debug support on.
+
+Note: please make sure to remove any potentially sensitive information
+from the debug log before sending it to the bug address.  The
+@code{-d} won't go out of its way to collect sensitive information,
+but the log @emph{will} contain a fairly complete transcript of Wget's
+communication with the server, which may include passwords and pieces
+of downloaded data.  Since the bug address is publically archived, you
+may assume that all bug reports are visible to the public.
+
+@item
+If Wget has crashed, try to run it in a debugger, e.g. @code{gdb `which
+wget` core} and type @code{where} to get the backtrace.  This may not
+work if the system administrator has disabled core files, but it is
+safe to try.
+@end enumerate
+@c man end
+
+@node Portability, Signals, Reporting Bugs, Various
+@section Portability
+@cindex portability
+@cindex operating systems
+
+Like all GNU software, Wget works on the GNU system.  However, since it
+uses GNU Autoconf for building and configuring, and mostly avoids using
+``special'' features of any particular Unix, it should compile (and
+work) on all common Unix flavors.
+
+Various Wget versions have been compiled and tested under many kinds of
+Unix systems, including GNU/Linux, Solaris, SunOS 4.x, Mac OS X, OSF
+(aka Digital Unix or Tru64), Ultrix, *BSD, IRIX, AIX, and others.  Some
+of those systems are no longer in widespread use and may not be able to
+support recent versions of Wget.  If Wget fails to compile on your
+system, we would like to know about it.
+
+Thanks to kind contributors, this version of Wget compiles and works
+on 32-bit Microsoft Windows platforms.  It has been compiled
+successfully using MS Visual C++ 6.0, Watcom, Borland C, and GCC
+compilers.  Naturally, it is crippled of some features available on
+Unix, but it should work as a substitute for people stuck with
+Windows.  Note that Windows-specific portions of Wget are not
+guaranteed to be supported in the future, although this has been the
+case in practice for many years now.  All questions and problems in
+Windows usage should be reported to Wget mailing list at
+@email{wget@@sunsite.dk} where the volunteers who maintain the
+Windows-related features might look at them.
+
+Support for building on MS-DOS via DJGPP has been contributed by Gisle
+Vanem; a port to VMS is maintained by Steven Schweda, and is available
+at @url{https://antinode.info/dec/sw/wget.html}.
+
+@node Signals,  , Portability, Various
+@section Signals
+@cindex signal handling
+@cindex hangup
+
+Since the purpose of Wget is background work, it catches the hangup
+signal (@code{SIGHUP}) and ignores it.  If the output was on standard
+output, it will be redirected to a file named @file{wget-log}.
+Otherwise, @code{SIGHUP} is ignored.  This is convenient when you wish
+to redirect the output of Wget after having started it.
+
+@example
+$ wget http://www.gnus.org/dist/gnus.tar.gz &
+...
+$ kill -HUP %%
+SIGHUP received, redirecting output to `wget-log'.
+@end example
+
+Other than that, Wget will not try to interfere with signals in any way.
+@kbd{C-c}, @code{kill -TERM} and @code{kill -KILL} should kill it alike.
+
+@node Appendices, Copying this manual, Various, Top
+@chapter Appendices
+
+This chapter contains some references I consider useful.
+
+@menu
+* Robot Exclusion::             Wget's support for RES.
+* Security Considerations::     Security with Wget.
+* Contributors::                People who helped.
+@end menu
+
+@node Robot Exclusion, Security Considerations, Appendices, Appendices
+@section Robot Exclusion
+@cindex robot exclusion
+@cindex robots.txt
+@cindex server maintenance
+
+It is extremely easy to make Wget wander aimlessly around a web site,
+sucking all the available data in progress.  @samp{wget -r @var{site}},
+and you're set.  Great?  Not for the server admin.
+
+As long as Wget is only retrieving static pages, and doing it at a
+reasonable rate (see the @samp{--wait} option), there's not much of a
+problem.  The trouble is that Wget can't tell the difference between the
+smallest static page and the most demanding CGI.  A site I know has a
+section handled by a CGI Perl script that converts Info files to @sc{html} on
+the fly.  The script is slow, but works well enough for human users
+viewing an occasional Info file.  However, when someone's recursive Wget
+download stumbles upon the index page that links to all the Info files
+through the script, the system is brought to its knees without providing
+anything useful to the user (This task of converting Info files could be
+done locally and access to Info documentation for all installed GNU
+software on a system is available from the @code{info} command).
+
+To avoid this kind of accident, as well as to preserve privacy for
+documents that need to be protected from well-behaved robots, the
+concept of @dfn{robot exclusion} was invented.  The idea is that
+the server administrators and document authors can specify which
+portions of the site they wish to protect from robots and those
+they will permit access.
+
+The most popular mechanism, and the @i{de facto} standard supported by
+all the major robots, is the ``Robots Exclusion Standard'' (RES) written
+by Martijn Koster et al. in 1994.  It specifies the format of a text
+file containing directives that instruct the robots which URL paths to
+avoid.  To be found by the robots, the specifications must be placed in
+@file{/robots.txt} in the server root, which the robots are expected to
+download and parse.
+
+Although Wget is not a web robot in the strictest sense of the word, it
+can download large parts of the site without the user's intervention to
+download an individual page.  Because of that, Wget honors RES when
+downloading recursively.  For instance, when you issue:
+
+@example
+wget -r http://www.example.com/
+@end example
+
+First the index of @samp{www.example.com} will be downloaded.  If Wget
+finds that it wants to download more documents from that server, it will
+request @samp{http://www.example.com/robots.txt} and, if found, use it
+for further downloads.  @file{robots.txt} is loaded only once per each
+server.
+
+Until version 1.8, Wget supported the first version of the standard,
+written by Martijn Koster in 1994 and available at
+@url{http://www.robotstxt.org/orig.html}.  As of version 1.8,
+Wget has supported the additional directives specified in the internet
+draft @samp{<draft-koster-robots-00.txt>} titled ``A Method for Web
+Robots Control''.  The draft, which has as far as I know never made to
+an @sc{rfc}, is available at
+@url{http://www.robotstxt.org/norobots-rfc.txt}.
+
+This manual no longer includes the text of the Robot Exclusion Standard.
+
+The second, less known mechanism, enables the author of an individual
+document to specify whether they want the links from the file to be
+followed by a robot.  This is achieved using the @code{META} tag, like
+this:
+
+@example
+<meta name="robots" content="nofollow">
+@end example
+
+This is explained in some detail at
+@url{http://www.robotstxt.org/meta.html}.  Wget supports this
+method of robot exclusion in addition to the usual @file{/robots.txt}
+exclusion.
+
+If you know what you are doing and really really wish to turn off the
+robot exclusion, set the @code{robots} variable to @samp{off} in your
+@file{.wgetrc}.  You can achieve the same effect from the command line
+using the @code{-e} switch, e.g. @samp{wget -e robots=off @var{url}...}.
+
+@node Security Considerations, Contributors, Robot Exclusion, Appendices
+@section Security Considerations
+@cindex security
+
+When using Wget, you must be aware that it sends unencrypted passwords
+through the network, which may present a security problem.  Here are the
+main issues, and some solutions.
+
+@enumerate
+@item
+The passwords on the command line are visible using @code{ps}.  The best
+way around it is to use @code{wget -i -} and feed the @sc{url}s to
+Wget's standard input, each on a separate line, terminated by @kbd{C-d}.
+Another workaround is to use @file{.netrc} to store passwords; however,
+storing unencrypted passwords is also considered a security risk.
+
+@item
+Using the insecure @dfn{basic} authentication scheme, unencrypted
+passwords are transmitted through the network routers and gateways.
+
+@item
+The @sc{ftp} passwords are also in no way encrypted.  There is no good
+solution for this at the moment.
+
+@item
+Although the ``normal'' output of Wget tries to hide the passwords,
+debugging logs show them, in all forms.  This problem is avoided by
+being careful when you send debug logs (yes, even when you send them to
+me).
+@end enumerate
+
+@node Contributors,  , Security Considerations, Appendices
+@section Contributors
+@cindex contributors
+
+GNU Wget was written by Hrvoje Nikšić @email{hniksic@@xemacs.org},
+
+However, the development of Wget could never have gone as far as it has, were
+it not for the help of many people, either with bug reports, feature proposals,
+patches, or letters saying ``Thanks!''.
+
+Special thanks goes to the following people (no particular order):
+
+@itemize @bullet
+@item Dan Harkless---contributed a lot of code and documentation of
+extremely high quality, as well as the @code{--page-requisites} and
+related options.  He was the principal maintainer for some time and
+released Wget 1.6.
+
+@item Ian Abbott---contributed bug fixes, Windows-related fixes, and
+provided a prototype implementation of the breadth-first recursive
+download.  Co-maintained Wget during the 1.8 release cycle.
+
+@item
+The dotsrc.org crew, in particular Karsten Thygesen---donated system
+resources such as the mailing list, web space, @sc{ftp} space, and
+version control repositories, along with a lot of time to make these
+actually work.  Christian Reiniger was of invaluable help with setting
+up Subversion.
+
+@item
+Heiko Herold---provided high-quality Windows builds and contributed
+bug and build reports for many years.
+
+@item
+Shawn McHorse---bug reports and patches.
+
+@item
+Kaveh R. Ghazi---on-the-fly @code{ansi2knr}-ization.  Lots of
+portability fixes.
+
+@item
+Gordon Matzigkeit---@file{.netrc} support.
+
+@item
+Zlatko Čalušić, Tomislav Vujec and Dražen
+Kačar---feature suggestions and ``philosophical'' discussions.
+
+@item
+Darko Budor---initial port to Windows.
+
+@item
+Antonio Rosella---help and suggestions, plus the initial Italian
+translation.
+
+@item
+Tomislav Petrović, Mario Mikočević---many bug reports and
+suggestions.
+
+@item
+François Pinard---many thorough bug reports and discussions.
+
+@item
+Karl Eichwalder---lots of help with internationalization, Makefile
+layout and many other things.
+
+@item
+Junio Hamano---donated support for Opie and @sc{http} @code{Digest}
+authentication.
+
+@item
+Mauro Tortonesi---improved IPv6 support, adding support for dual
+family systems.  Refactored and enhanced FTP IPv6 code. Maintained GNU
+Wget from 2004--2007.
+
+@item
+Christopher G.@: Lewis---maintenance of the Windows version of GNU WGet.
+
+@item
+Gisle Vanem---many helpful patches and improvements, especially for
+Windows and MS-DOS support.
+
+@item
+Ralf Wildenhues---contributed patches to convert Wget to use Automake as
+part of its build process, and various bugfixes.
+
+@item
+Steven Schubiger---Many helpful patches, bugfixes and improvements.
+Notably, conversion of Wget to use the Gnulib quotes and quoteargs
+modules, and the addition of password prompts at the console, via the
+Gnulib getpasswd-gnu module.
+
+@item
+Ted Mielczarek---donated support for CSS.
+
+@item
+Saint Xavier---Support for IRIs (RFC 3987).
+
+@item
+People who provided donations for development---including Brian Gough.
+@end itemize
+
+The following people have provided patches, bug/build reports, useful
+suggestions, beta testing services, fan mail and all the other things
+that make maintenance so much fun:
+
+Tim Adam,
+Adrian Aichner,
+Martin Baehr,
+Dieter Baron,
+Roger Beeman,
+Dan Berger,
+T.@: Bharath,
+Christian Biere,
+Paul Bludov,
+Daniel Bodea,
+Mark Boyns,
+John Burden,
+Julien Buty,
+Wanderlei Cavassin,
+Gilles Cedoc,
+Tim Charron,
+Noel Cragg,
+Kristijan Čonkaš,
+John Daily,
+Andreas Damm,
+Ahmon Dancy,
+Andrew Davison,
+Bertrand Demiddelaer,
+Alexander Dergachev,
+Andrew Deryabin,
+Ulrich Drepper,
+Marc Duponcheel,
+Damir Džeko,
+Alan Eldridge,
+Hans-Andreas Engel,
+Aleksandar Erkalović,
+Andy Eskilsson,
+João Ferreira,
+Christian Fraenkel,
+David Fritz,
+Mike Frysinger,
+Charles C.@: Fu,
+FUJISHIMA Satsuki,
+Masashi Fujita,
+Howard Gayle,
+Marcel Gerrits,
+Lemble Gregory,
+Hans Grobler,
+Alain Guibert,
+Mathieu Guillaume,
+Aaron Hawley,
+Jochen Hein,
+Karl Heuer,
+Madhusudan Hosaagrahara,
+HIROSE Masaaki,
+Ulf Harnhammar,
+Gregor Hoffleit,
+Erik Magnus Hulthen,
+Richard Huveneers,
+Jonas Jensen,
+Larry Jones,
+Simon Josefsson,
+Mario Jurić,
+Hack Kampbjørn,
+Const Kaplinsky,
+Goran Kezunović,
+Igor Khristophorov,
+Robert Kleine,
+KOJIMA Haime,
+Fila Kolodny,
+Alexander Kourakos,
+Martin Kraemer,
+Sami Krank,
+Jay Krell,
+Σίμος Ξενιτέλλης (Simos KSenitellis),
+Christian Lackas,
+Hrvoje Lacko,
+Daniel S.@: Lewart,
+Nicolás Lichtmeier,
+Dave Love,
+Alexander V.@: Lukyanov,
+Thomas Lußnig,
+Andre Majorel,
+Aurelien Marchand,
+Matthew J.@: Mellon,
+Jordan Mendelson,
+Ted Mielczarek,
+Robert Millan,
+Lin Zhe Min,
+Jan Minar,
+Tim Mooney,
+Keith Moore,
+Adam D.@: Moss,
+Simon Munton,
+Charlie Negyesi,
+R.@: K.@: Owen,
+Jim Paris,
+Kenny Parnell,
+Leonid Petrov,
+Simone Piunno,
+Andrew Pollock,
+Steve Pothier,
+Jan Přikryl,
+Marin Purgar,
+Csaba Ráduly,
+Keith Refson,
+Bill Richardson,
+Tyler Riddle,
+Tobias Ringstrom,
+Jochen Roderburg,
+Juan José Rodríguez,
+Maciej W.@: Rozycki,
+Edward J.@: Sabol,
+Heinz Salzmann,
+Robert Schmidt,
+Nicolas Schodet,
+Benno Schulenberg,
+Andreas Schwab,
+Steven M.@: Schweda,
+Chris Seawood,
+Pranab Shenoy,
+Dennis Smit,
+Toomas Soome,
+Tage Stabell-Kulo,
+Philip Stadermann,
+Daniel Stenberg,
+Sven Sternberger,
+Markus Strasser,
+John Summerfield,
+Szakacsits Szabolcs,
+Mike Thomas,
+Philipp Thomas,
+Mauro Tortonesi,
+Dave Turner,
+Gisle Vanem,
+Rabin Vincent,
+Russell Vincent,
+Željko Vrba,
+Charles G Waldman,
+Douglas E.@: Wegscheid,
+Ralf Wildenhues,
+Joshua David Williams,
+Benjamin Wolsey,
+Saint Xavier,
+YAMAZAKI Makoto,
+Jasmin Zainul,
+Bojan Ždrnja,
+Kristijan Zimmer,
+Xin Zou.
+
+Apologies to all who I accidentally left out, and many thanks to all the
+subscribers of the Wget mailing list.
+
+@node Copying this manual, Concept Index, Appendices, Top
+@appendix Copying this manual
+  
+@menu
+* GNU Free Documentation License::  License for copying this manual.
+@end menu
+
+@node GNU Free Documentation License,  , Copying this manual, Copying this manual
+@appendixsec GNU Free Documentation License
+@cindex FDL, GNU Free Documentation License
+
+@include fdl.texi
+
+
+@node Concept Index,  , Copying this manual, Top
+@unnumbered Concept Index
+@printindex cp
+
+@contents
+
+@bye