Adding upstream version 2:2.6.1.upstream/2%2.6.1upstream

Signed-off-by: Daniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org>

1 files changed, 945 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/lib/luks2/luks2_luks1_convert.c b/lib/luks2/luks2_luks1_convert.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6d3fa1e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/luks2/luks2_luks1_convert.c
@@ -0,0 +1,945 @@
+/*
+ * LUKS - Linux Unified Key Setup v2, LUKS1 conversion code
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2015-2023 Red Hat, Inc. All rights reserved.
+ * Copyright (C) 2015-2023 Ondrej Kozina
+ * Copyright (C) 2015-2023 Milan Broz
+ *
+ * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+ * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
+ * as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
+ * of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+ * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
+ */
+
+#include "luks2_internal.h"
+#include "../luks1/luks.h"
+#include "../luks1/af.h"
+
+/* This differs from LUKS_check_cipher() that it does not check dm-crypt fallback. */
+int LUKS2_check_cipher(struct crypt_device *cd,
+		      size_t keylength,
+		      const char *cipher,
+		      const char *cipher_mode)
+{
+	int r;
+	struct crypt_storage *s;
+	char buf[SECTOR_SIZE], *empty_key;
+
+	log_dbg(cd, "Checking if cipher %s-%s is usable (storage wrapper).", cipher, cipher_mode);
+
+	empty_key = crypt_safe_alloc(keylength);
+	if (!empty_key)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+
+	/* No need to get KEY quality random but it must avoid known weak keys. */
+	r = crypt_random_get(cd, empty_key, keylength, CRYPT_RND_NORMAL);
+	if (r < 0)
+		goto out;
+
+	r = crypt_storage_init(&s, SECTOR_SIZE, cipher, cipher_mode, empty_key, keylength, false);
+	if (r < 0)
+		goto out;
+
+	memset(buf, 0, sizeof(buf));
+	r = crypt_storage_decrypt(s, 0, sizeof(buf), buf);
+	crypt_storage_destroy(s);
+out:
+	crypt_safe_free(empty_key);
+	crypt_safe_memzero(buf, sizeof(buf));
+	return r;
+}
+
+static int json_luks1_keyslot(const struct luks_phdr *hdr_v1, int keyslot, struct json_object **keyslot_object)
+{
+	char *base64_str, cipher[LUKS_CIPHERNAME_L+LUKS_CIPHERMODE_L];
+	size_t base64_len;
+	struct json_object *keyslot_obj, *field, *jobj_kdf, *jobj_af, *jobj_area;
+	uint64_t offset, area_size, length;
+	int r;
+
+	keyslot_obj = json_object_new_object();
+	json_object_object_add(keyslot_obj, "type", json_object_new_string("luks2"));
+	json_object_object_add(keyslot_obj, "key_size", json_object_new_int64(hdr_v1->keyBytes));
+
+	/* KDF */
+	jobj_kdf = json_object_new_object();
+	json_object_object_add(jobj_kdf, "type", json_object_new_string(CRYPT_KDF_PBKDF2));
+	json_object_object_add(jobj_kdf, "hash", json_object_new_string(hdr_v1->hashSpec));
+	json_object_object_add(jobj_kdf, "iterations", json_object_new_int64(hdr_v1->keyblock[keyslot].passwordIterations));
+	/* salt field */
+	r = crypt_base64_encode(&base64_str, &base64_len, hdr_v1->keyblock[keyslot].passwordSalt, LUKS_SALTSIZE);
+	if (r < 0) {
+		json_object_put(keyslot_obj);
+		json_object_put(jobj_kdf);
+		return r;
+	}
+	field = json_object_new_string_len(base64_str, base64_len);
+	free(base64_str);
+	json_object_object_add(jobj_kdf, "salt", field);
+	json_object_object_add(keyslot_obj, "kdf", jobj_kdf);
+
+	/* AF */
+	jobj_af = json_object_new_object();
+	json_object_object_add(jobj_af, "type", json_object_new_string("luks1"));
+	json_object_object_add(jobj_af, "hash", json_object_new_string(hdr_v1->hashSpec));
+	/* stripes field ignored, fixed to LUKS_STRIPES (4000) */
+	json_object_object_add(jobj_af, "stripes", json_object_new_int(LUKS_STRIPES));
+	json_object_object_add(keyslot_obj, "af", jobj_af);
+
+	/* Area */
+	jobj_area = json_object_new_object();
+	json_object_object_add(jobj_area, "type", json_object_new_string("raw"));
+
+	/* encryption algorithm field */
+	if (*hdr_v1->cipherMode != '\0') {
+		if (snprintf(cipher, sizeof(cipher), "%s-%s", hdr_v1->cipherName, hdr_v1->cipherMode) < 0) {
+			json_object_put(keyslot_obj);
+			json_object_put(jobj_area);
+			return -EINVAL;
+		}
+		json_object_object_add(jobj_area, "encryption", json_object_new_string(cipher));
+	} else
+		json_object_object_add(jobj_area, "encryption", json_object_new_string(hdr_v1->cipherName));
+
+	/* area */
+	if (LUKS_keyslot_area(hdr_v1, keyslot, &offset, &length)) {
+		json_object_put(keyslot_obj);
+		json_object_put(jobj_area);
+		return -EINVAL;
+	}
+	area_size = size_round_up(length, 4096);
+	json_object_object_add(jobj_area, "key_size", json_object_new_int(hdr_v1->keyBytes));
+	json_object_object_add(jobj_area, "offset", crypt_jobj_new_uint64(offset));
+	json_object_object_add(jobj_area, "size", crypt_jobj_new_uint64(area_size));
+	json_object_object_add(keyslot_obj, "area", jobj_area);
+
+	*keyslot_object = keyslot_obj;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int json_luks1_keyslots(const struct luks_phdr *hdr_v1, struct json_object **keyslots_object)
+{
+	int keyslot, r;
+	struct json_object *keyslot_obj, *field;
+
+	keyslot_obj = json_object_new_object();
+	if (!keyslot_obj)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+
+	for (keyslot = 0; keyslot < LUKS_NUMKEYS; keyslot++) {
+		if (hdr_v1->keyblock[keyslot].active != LUKS_KEY_ENABLED)
+			continue;
+		r = json_luks1_keyslot(hdr_v1, keyslot, &field);
+		if (r) {
+			json_object_put(keyslot_obj);
+			return r;
+		}
+		json_object_object_add_by_uint(keyslot_obj, keyslot, field);
+	}
+
+	*keyslots_object = keyslot_obj;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int json_luks1_segment(const struct luks_phdr *hdr_v1, struct json_object **segment_object)
+{
+	const char *c;
+	char cipher[LUKS_CIPHERNAME_L+LUKS_CIPHERMODE_L];
+	struct json_object *segment_obj, *field;
+	uint64_t number;
+
+	segment_obj = json_object_new_object();
+	if (!segment_obj)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+
+	/* type field */
+	field = json_object_new_string("crypt");
+	if (!field) {
+		json_object_put(segment_obj);
+		return -ENOMEM;
+	}
+	json_object_object_add(segment_obj, "type", field);
+
+	/* offset field */
+	number = (uint64_t)hdr_v1->payloadOffset * SECTOR_SIZE;
+
+	field = crypt_jobj_new_uint64(number);
+	if (!field) {
+		json_object_put(segment_obj);
+		return -ENOMEM;
+	}
+	json_object_object_add(segment_obj, "offset", field);
+
+	/* iv_tweak field */
+	field = json_object_new_string("0");
+	if (!field) {
+		json_object_put(segment_obj);
+		return -ENOMEM;
+	}
+	json_object_object_add(segment_obj, "iv_tweak", field);
+
+	/* length field */
+	field = json_object_new_string("dynamic");
+	if (!field) {
+		json_object_put(segment_obj);
+		return -ENOMEM;
+	}
+	json_object_object_add(segment_obj, "size", field);
+
+	/* cipher field */
+	if (*hdr_v1->cipherMode != '\0') {
+		if (snprintf(cipher, sizeof(cipher), "%s-%s", hdr_v1->cipherName, hdr_v1->cipherMode) < 0) {
+			json_object_put(segment_obj);
+			return -EINVAL;
+		}
+		c = cipher;
+	} else
+		c = hdr_v1->cipherName;
+
+	field = json_object_new_string(c);
+	if (!field) {
+		json_object_put(segment_obj);
+		return -ENOMEM;
+	}
+	json_object_object_add(segment_obj, "encryption", field);
+
+	/* block field */
+	field = json_object_new_int(SECTOR_SIZE);
+	if (!field) {
+		json_object_put(segment_obj);
+		return -ENOMEM;
+	}
+	json_object_object_add(segment_obj, "sector_size", field);
+
+	*segment_object = segment_obj;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int json_luks1_segments(const struct luks_phdr *hdr_v1, struct json_object **segments_object)
+{
+	int r;
+	struct json_object *segments_obj, *field;
+
+	segments_obj = json_object_new_object();
+	if (!segments_obj)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+
+	r = json_luks1_segment(hdr_v1, &field);
+	if (r) {
+		json_object_put(segments_obj);
+		return r;
+	}
+	json_object_object_add_by_uint(segments_obj, 0, field);
+
+	*segments_object = segments_obj;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int json_luks1_digest(const struct luks_phdr *hdr_v1, struct json_object **digest_object)
+{
+	char keyslot_str[16], *base64_str;
+	int r, ks;
+	size_t base64_len;
+	struct json_object *digest_obj, *array, *field;
+
+	digest_obj = json_object_new_object();
+	if (!digest_obj)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+
+	/* type field */
+	field = json_object_new_string("pbkdf2");
+	if (!field) {
+		json_object_put(digest_obj);
+		return -ENOMEM;
+	}
+	json_object_object_add(digest_obj, "type", field);
+
+	/* keyslots array */
+	array = json_object_new_array();
+	if (!array) {
+		json_object_put(digest_obj);
+		return -ENOMEM;
+	}
+	json_object_object_add(digest_obj, "keyslots", json_object_get(array));
+
+	for (ks = 0; ks < LUKS_NUMKEYS; ks++) {
+		if (hdr_v1->keyblock[ks].active != LUKS_KEY_ENABLED)
+			continue;
+		if (snprintf(keyslot_str, sizeof(keyslot_str), "%d", ks) < 0) {
+			json_object_put(field);
+			json_object_put(array);
+			json_object_put(digest_obj);
+			return -EINVAL;
+		}
+
+		field = json_object_new_string(keyslot_str);
+		if (!field || json_object_array_add(array, field) < 0) {
+			json_object_put(field);
+			json_object_put(array);
+			json_object_put(digest_obj);
+			return -ENOMEM;
+		}
+	}
+
+	json_object_put(array);
+
+	/* segments array */
+	array = json_object_new_array();
+	if (!array) {
+		json_object_put(digest_obj);
+		return -ENOMEM;
+	}
+	json_object_object_add(digest_obj, "segments", json_object_get(array));
+
+	field = json_object_new_string("0");
+	if (!field || json_object_array_add(array, field) < 0) {
+		json_object_put(field);
+		json_object_put(array);
+		json_object_put(digest_obj);
+		return -ENOMEM;
+	}
+
+	json_object_put(array);
+
+	/* hash field */
+	field = json_object_new_string(hdr_v1->hashSpec);
+	if (!field) {
+		json_object_put(digest_obj);
+		return -ENOMEM;
+	}
+	json_object_object_add(digest_obj, "hash", field);
+
+	/* salt field */
+	r = crypt_base64_encode(&base64_str, &base64_len, hdr_v1->mkDigestSalt, LUKS_SALTSIZE);
+	if (r < 0) {
+		json_object_put(digest_obj);
+		return r;
+	}
+
+	field = json_object_new_string_len(base64_str, base64_len);
+	free(base64_str);
+	if (!field) {
+		json_object_put(digest_obj);
+		return -ENOMEM;
+	}
+	json_object_object_add(digest_obj, "salt", field);
+
+	/* digest field */
+	r = crypt_base64_encode(&base64_str, &base64_len, hdr_v1->mkDigest, LUKS_DIGESTSIZE);
+	if (r < 0) {
+		json_object_put(digest_obj);
+		return r;
+	}
+
+	field = json_object_new_string_len(base64_str, base64_len);
+	free(base64_str);
+	if (!field) {
+		json_object_put(digest_obj);
+		return -ENOMEM;
+	}
+	json_object_object_add(digest_obj, "digest", field);
+
+	/* iterations field */
+	field = json_object_new_int64(hdr_v1->mkDigestIterations);
+	if (!field) {
+		json_object_put(digest_obj);
+		return -ENOMEM;
+	}
+	json_object_object_add(digest_obj, "iterations", field);
+
+	*digest_object = digest_obj;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int json_luks1_digests(const struct luks_phdr *hdr_v1, struct json_object **digests_object)
+{
+	int r;
+	struct json_object *digests_obj, *field;
+
+	digests_obj = json_object_new_object();
+	if (!digests_obj)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+
+	r = json_luks1_digest(hdr_v1, &field);
+	if (r) {
+		json_object_put(digests_obj);
+		return r;
+	}
+	json_object_object_add(digests_obj, "0", field);
+
+	*digests_object = digests_obj;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int json_luks1_object(struct luks_phdr *hdr_v1, struct json_object **luks1_object, uint64_t keyslots_size)
+{
+	int r;
+	struct json_object *luks1_obj, *field;
+	uint64_t json_size;
+
+	luks1_obj = json_object_new_object();
+	if (!luks1_obj)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+
+	/* keyslots field */
+	r = json_luks1_keyslots(hdr_v1, &field);
+	if (r) {
+		json_object_put(luks1_obj);
+		return r;
+	}
+	json_object_object_add(luks1_obj, "keyslots", field);
+
+	/* tokens field */
+	field = json_object_new_object();
+	if (!field) {
+		json_object_put(luks1_obj);
+		return -ENOMEM;
+	}
+	json_object_object_add(luks1_obj, "tokens", field);
+
+	/* segments field */
+	r = json_luks1_segments(hdr_v1, &field);
+	if (r) {
+		json_object_put(luks1_obj);
+		return r;
+	}
+	json_object_object_add(luks1_obj, "segments", field);
+
+	/* digests field */
+	r = json_luks1_digests(hdr_v1, &field);
+	if (r) {
+		json_object_put(luks1_obj);
+		return r;
+	}
+	json_object_object_add(luks1_obj, "digests", field);
+
+	/* config field */
+	/* anything else? */
+	field = json_object_new_object();
+	if (!field) {
+		json_object_put(luks1_obj);
+		return -ENOMEM;
+	}
+	json_object_object_add(luks1_obj, "config", field);
+
+	json_size = LUKS2_HDR_16K_LEN - LUKS2_HDR_BIN_LEN;
+	json_object_object_add(field, "json_size", crypt_jobj_new_uint64(json_size));
+	keyslots_size -= (keyslots_size % 4096);
+	json_object_object_add(field, "keyslots_size", crypt_jobj_new_uint64(keyslots_size));
+
+	*luks1_object = luks1_obj;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void move_keyslot_offset(json_object *jobj, int offset_add)
+{
+	json_object *jobj1, *jobj2, *jobj_area;
+	uint64_t offset = 0;
+
+	json_object_object_get_ex(jobj, "keyslots", &jobj1);
+	json_object_object_foreach(jobj1, key, val) {
+		UNUSED(key);
+		json_object_object_get_ex(val, "area", &jobj_area);
+		json_object_object_get_ex(jobj_area, "offset", &jobj2);
+		offset = crypt_jobj_get_uint64(jobj2) + offset_add;
+		json_object_object_add(jobj_area, "offset", crypt_jobj_new_uint64(offset));
+	}
+}
+
+static int move_keyslot_areas(struct crypt_device *cd, off_t offset_from,
+			      off_t offset_to, size_t buf_size)
+{
+	int devfd, r = -EIO;
+	struct device *device = crypt_metadata_device(cd);
+	void *buf = NULL;
+
+	log_dbg(cd, "Moving keyslot areas of size %zu from %jd to %jd.",
+		buf_size, (intmax_t)offset_from, (intmax_t)offset_to);
+
+	if (posix_memalign(&buf, crypt_getpagesize(), buf_size))
+		return -ENOMEM;
+
+	devfd = device_open(cd, device, O_RDWR);
+	if (devfd < 0) {
+		free(buf);
+		return -EIO;
+	}
+
+	/* This can safely fail (for block devices). It only allocates space if it is possible. */
+	if (posix_fallocate(devfd, offset_to, buf_size))
+		log_dbg(cd, "Preallocation (fallocate) of new keyslot area not available.");
+
+	/* Try to read *new* area to check that area is there (trimmed backup). */
+	if (read_lseek_blockwise(devfd, device_block_size(cd, device),
+				 device_alignment(device), buf, buf_size,
+				 offset_to)!= (ssize_t)buf_size)
+		goto out;
+
+	if (read_lseek_blockwise(devfd, device_block_size(cd, device),
+				 device_alignment(device), buf, buf_size,
+				 offset_from)!= (ssize_t)buf_size)
+		goto out;
+
+	if (write_lseek_blockwise(devfd, device_block_size(cd, device),
+				  device_alignment(device), buf, buf_size,
+				  offset_to) != (ssize_t)buf_size)
+		goto out;
+
+	r = 0;
+out:
+	device_sync(cd, device);
+	crypt_safe_memzero(buf, buf_size);
+	free(buf);
+
+	return r;
+}
+
+static int luks_header_in_use(struct crypt_device *cd)
+{
+	int r;
+
+	r = lookup_dm_dev_by_uuid(cd, crypt_get_uuid(cd), crypt_get_type(cd));
+	if (r < 0)
+		log_err(cd, _("Cannot check status of device with uuid: %s."), crypt_get_uuid(cd));
+
+	return r;
+}
+
+/* Check if there is a luksmeta area (foreign metadata created by the luksmeta package) */
+static int luksmeta_header_present(struct crypt_device *cd, off_t luks1_size)
+{
+	int devfd, r = 0;
+	static const uint8_t LM_MAGIC[] = { 'L', 'U', 'K', 'S', 'M', 'E', 'T', 'A' };
+	struct device *device = crypt_metadata_device(cd);
+	void *buf = NULL;
+
+	if (posix_memalign(&buf, crypt_getpagesize(), sizeof(LM_MAGIC)))
+		return -ENOMEM;
+
+	devfd = device_open(cd, device, O_RDONLY);
+	if (devfd < 0) {
+		free(buf);
+		return -EIO;
+	}
+
+	/* Note: we must not detect failure as problem here, header can be trimmed. */
+	if (read_lseek_blockwise(devfd, device_block_size(cd, device), device_alignment(device),
+		buf, sizeof(LM_MAGIC), luks1_size) == (ssize_t)sizeof(LM_MAGIC) &&
+		!memcmp(LM_MAGIC, buf, sizeof(LM_MAGIC))) {
+			log_err(cd, _("Unable to convert header with LUKSMETA additional metadata."));
+			r = -EBUSY;
+	}
+
+	free(buf);
+	return r;
+}
+
+/* Convert LUKS1 -> LUKS2 */
+int LUKS2_luks1_to_luks2(struct crypt_device *cd, struct luks_phdr *hdr1, struct luks2_hdr *hdr2)
+{
+	int r;
+	json_object *jobj = NULL;
+	size_t buf_size, buf_offset, luks1_size, luks1_shift = 2 * LUKS2_HDR_16K_LEN - LUKS_ALIGN_KEYSLOTS;
+	uint64_t required_size, max_size = crypt_get_data_offset(cd) * SECTOR_SIZE;
+
+	/* for detached headers max size == device size */
+	if (!max_size && (r = device_size(crypt_metadata_device(cd), &max_size)))
+		return r;
+
+	luks1_size = LUKS_device_sectors(hdr1) << SECTOR_SHIFT;
+	luks1_size = size_round_up(luks1_size, LUKS_ALIGN_KEYSLOTS);
+	if (!luks1_size)
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	if (LUKS_keyslots_offset(hdr1) != (LUKS_ALIGN_KEYSLOTS / SECTOR_SIZE)) {
+		log_dbg(cd, "Unsupported keyslots material offset: %zu.", LUKS_keyslots_offset(hdr1));
+		return -EINVAL;
+	}
+
+	if (LUKS2_check_cipher(cd, hdr1->keyBytes, hdr1->cipherName, hdr1->cipherMode)) {
+		log_err(cd, _("Unable to use cipher specification %s-%s for LUKS2."),
+			hdr1->cipherName, hdr1->cipherMode);
+		return -EINVAL;
+	}
+
+	if (luksmeta_header_present(cd, luks1_size))
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	log_dbg(cd, "Max size: %" PRIu64 ", LUKS1 (full) header size %zu , required shift: %zu",
+		max_size, luks1_size, luks1_shift);
+
+	required_size = luks1_size + luks1_shift;
+
+	if ((max_size < required_size) &&
+	    device_fallocate(crypt_metadata_device(cd), required_size)) {
+		log_err(cd, _("Unable to move keyslot area. Not enough space."));
+		return -EINVAL;
+	}
+
+	if (max_size < required_size)
+		max_size = required_size;
+
+	r = json_luks1_object(hdr1, &jobj, max_size - 2 * LUKS2_HDR_16K_LEN);
+	if (r < 0)
+		return r;
+
+	move_keyslot_offset(jobj, luks1_shift);
+
+	/* Create and fill LUKS2 hdr */
+	memset(hdr2, 0, sizeof(*hdr2));
+	hdr2->hdr_size = LUKS2_HDR_16K_LEN;
+	hdr2->seqid = 1;
+	hdr2->version = 2;
+	strncpy(hdr2->checksum_alg, "sha256", LUKS2_CHECKSUM_ALG_L);
+	crypt_random_get(cd, (char*)hdr2->salt1, sizeof(hdr2->salt1), CRYPT_RND_SALT);
+	crypt_random_get(cd, (char*)hdr2->salt2, sizeof(hdr2->salt2), CRYPT_RND_SALT);
+	strncpy(hdr2->uuid, crypt_get_uuid(cd), LUKS2_UUID_L-1); /* UUID should be max 36 chars */
+	hdr2->jobj = jobj;
+
+	/*
+	 * It duplicates check in LUKS2_hdr_write() but we don't want to move
+	 * keyslot areas in case it would fail later
+	 */
+	if (max_size < LUKS2_hdr_and_areas_size(hdr2)) {
+		r = -EINVAL;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	/* check future LUKS2 metadata before moving keyslots area */
+	if (LUKS2_hdr_validate(cd, hdr2->jobj, hdr2->hdr_size - LUKS2_HDR_BIN_LEN)) {
+		log_err(cd, _("Cannot convert to LUKS2 format - invalid metadata."));
+		r = -EINVAL;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	if ((r = luks_header_in_use(cd))) {
+		if (r > 0)
+			r = -EBUSY;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	/* move keyslots 4k -> 32k offset */
+	buf_offset = 2 * LUKS2_HDR_16K_LEN;
+	buf_size   = luks1_size - LUKS_ALIGN_KEYSLOTS;
+
+	/* check future LUKS2 keyslots area is at least as large as LUKS1 keyslots area */
+	if (buf_size > LUKS2_keyslots_size(hdr2)) {
+		log_err(cd, _("Unable to move keyslot area. LUKS2 keyslots area too small."));
+		r = -EINVAL;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	if ((r = move_keyslot_areas(cd, 8 * SECTOR_SIZE, buf_offset, buf_size)) < 0) {
+		log_err(cd, _("Unable to move keyslot area."));
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	/* Write new LUKS2 JSON */
+	r = LUKS2_hdr_write(cd, hdr2);
+out:
+	LUKS2_hdr_free(cd, hdr2);
+
+	return r;
+}
+
+static int keyslot_LUKS1_compatible(struct crypt_device *cd, struct luks2_hdr *hdr,
+				    int keyslot, uint32_t key_size, const char *hash)
+{
+	json_object *jobj_keyslot, *jobj, *jobj_kdf, *jobj_af;
+	uint64_t l2_offset, l2_length;
+	size_t ks_key_size;
+	const char *ks_cipher, *data_cipher;
+
+	jobj_keyslot = LUKS2_get_keyslot_jobj(hdr, keyslot);
+	if (!jobj_keyslot)
+		return 1;
+
+	if (!json_object_object_get_ex(jobj_keyslot, "type", &jobj) ||
+	    strcmp(json_object_get_string(jobj), "luks2"))
+		return 0;
+
+	/* Using PBKDF2, this implies memory and parallel is not used. */
+	jobj = NULL;
+	if (!json_object_object_get_ex(jobj_keyslot, "kdf", &jobj_kdf) ||
+	    !json_object_object_get_ex(jobj_kdf, "type", &jobj) ||
+	    strcmp(json_object_get_string(jobj), CRYPT_KDF_PBKDF2) ||
+	    !json_object_object_get_ex(jobj_kdf, "hash", &jobj) ||
+	    strcmp(json_object_get_string(jobj), hash))
+		return 0;
+
+	jobj = NULL;
+	if (!json_object_object_get_ex(jobj_keyslot, "af", &jobj_af) ||
+	    !json_object_object_get_ex(jobj_af, "stripes", &jobj) ||
+	    json_object_get_int(jobj) != LUKS_STRIPES)
+		return 0;
+
+	jobj = NULL;
+	if (!json_object_object_get_ex(jobj_af, "hash", &jobj) ||
+	    (crypt_hash_size(json_object_get_string(jobj)) < 0) ||
+	    strcmp(json_object_get_string(jobj), hash))
+		return 0;
+
+	ks_cipher = LUKS2_get_keyslot_cipher(hdr, keyslot, &ks_key_size);
+	data_cipher = LUKS2_get_cipher(hdr, CRYPT_DEFAULT_SEGMENT);
+	if (!ks_cipher || !data_cipher || key_size != ks_key_size || strcmp(ks_cipher, data_cipher)) {
+		log_dbg(cd, "Cipher in keyslot %d is different from volume key encryption.", keyslot);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	if (LUKS2_keyslot_area(hdr, keyslot, &l2_offset, &l2_length))
+		return 0;
+
+	if (l2_length != (size_round_up(AF_split_sectors(key_size, LUKS_STRIPES) * SECTOR_SIZE, 4096))) {
+		log_dbg(cd, "Area length in LUKS2 keyslot (%d) is not compatible with LUKS1", keyslot);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	return 1;
+}
+
+/* Convert LUKS2 -> LUKS1 */
+int LUKS2_luks2_to_luks1(struct crypt_device *cd, struct luks2_hdr *hdr2, struct luks_phdr *hdr1)
+{
+	size_t buf_size, buf_offset;
+	char cipher[LUKS_CIPHERNAME_L], cipher_mode[LUKS_CIPHERMODE_L];
+	char *digest, *digest_salt;
+	const char *hash;
+	size_t len;
+	json_object *jobj_keyslot, *jobj_digest, *jobj_segment, *jobj_kdf, *jobj_area, *jobj1, *jobj2;
+	uint32_t key_size;
+	int i, r, last_active = 0;
+	uint64_t offset, area_length;
+	char *buf, luksMagic[] = LUKS_MAGIC;
+
+	jobj_digest  = LUKS2_get_digest_jobj(hdr2, 0);
+	if (!jobj_digest)
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	jobj_segment = LUKS2_get_segment_jobj(hdr2, CRYPT_DEFAULT_SEGMENT);
+	if (!jobj_segment)
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	if (json_segment_get_sector_size(jobj_segment) != SECTOR_SIZE) {
+		log_err(cd, _("Cannot convert to LUKS1 format - default segment encryption sector size is not 512 bytes."));
+		return -EINVAL;
+	}
+
+	json_object_object_get_ex(hdr2->jobj, "digests", &jobj1);
+	if (!json_object_object_get_ex(jobj_digest, "type", &jobj2) ||
+	    strcmp(json_object_get_string(jobj2), "pbkdf2") ||
+	    json_object_object_length(jobj1) != 1) {
+		log_err(cd, _("Cannot convert to LUKS1 format - key slot digests are not LUKS1 compatible."));
+		return -EINVAL;
+	}
+	if (!json_object_object_get_ex(jobj_digest, "hash", &jobj2))
+		return -EINVAL;
+	hash = json_object_get_string(jobj2);
+
+	r = crypt_parse_name_and_mode(LUKS2_get_cipher(hdr2, CRYPT_DEFAULT_SEGMENT), cipher, NULL, cipher_mode);
+	if (r < 0)
+		return r;
+
+	if (crypt_cipher_wrapped_key(cipher, cipher_mode)) {
+		log_err(cd, _("Cannot convert to LUKS1 format - device uses wrapped key cipher %s."), cipher);
+		return -EINVAL;
+	}
+
+	if (json_segments_count(LUKS2_get_segments_jobj(hdr2)) != 1) {
+		log_err(cd, _("Cannot convert to LUKS1 format - device uses more segments."));
+		return -EINVAL;
+	}
+
+	r = LUKS2_tokens_count(hdr2);
+	if (r < 0)
+		return r;
+	if (r > 0) {
+		log_err(cd, _("Cannot convert to LUKS1 format - LUKS2 header contains %u token(s)."), r);
+		return -EINVAL;
+	}
+
+	r = LUKS2_get_volume_key_size(hdr2, 0);
+	if (r < 0)
+		return -EINVAL;
+	key_size = r;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < LUKS2_KEYSLOTS_MAX; i++) {
+		if (LUKS2_keyslot_info(hdr2, i) == CRYPT_SLOT_INACTIVE)
+			continue;
+
+		if (LUKS2_keyslot_info(hdr2, i) == CRYPT_SLOT_INVALID) {
+			log_err(cd, _("Cannot convert to LUKS1 format - keyslot %u is in invalid state."), i);
+			return -EINVAL;
+		}
+
+		if (i >= LUKS_NUMKEYS) {
+			log_err(cd, _("Cannot convert to LUKS1 format - slot %u (over maximum slots) is still active."), i);
+			return -EINVAL;
+		}
+
+		if (!keyslot_LUKS1_compatible(cd, hdr2, i, key_size, hash)) {
+			log_err(cd, _("Cannot convert to LUKS1 format - keyslot %u is not LUKS1 compatible."), i);
+			return -EINVAL;
+		}
+	}
+
+	memset(hdr1, 0, sizeof(*hdr1));
+
+	for (i = 0; i < LUKS_NUMKEYS; i++) {
+		hdr1->keyblock[i].active = LUKS_KEY_DISABLED;
+		hdr1->keyblock[i].stripes = LUKS_STRIPES;
+
+		jobj_keyslot = LUKS2_get_keyslot_jobj(hdr2, i);
+
+		if (jobj_keyslot) {
+			if (!json_object_object_get_ex(jobj_keyslot, "area", &jobj_area))
+				return -EINVAL;
+			if (!json_object_object_get_ex(jobj_area, "offset", &jobj1))
+				return -EINVAL;
+			offset = crypt_jobj_get_uint64(jobj1);
+		} else {
+			if (LUKS2_find_area_gap(cd, hdr2, key_size, &offset, &area_length))
+				return -EINVAL;
+			/*
+			 * We have to create placeholder luks2 keyslots in place of all
+			 * inactive keyslots. Otherwise we would allocate all
+			 * inactive luks1 keyslots over same binary keyslot area.
+			 */
+			if (placeholder_keyslot_alloc(cd, i, offset, area_length))
+				return -EINVAL;
+		}
+
+		offset /= SECTOR_SIZE;
+		if (offset > UINT32_MAX)
+			return -EINVAL;
+
+		hdr1->keyblock[i].keyMaterialOffset = offset;
+		hdr1->keyblock[i].keyMaterialOffset -=
+				((2 * LUKS2_HDR_16K_LEN - LUKS_ALIGN_KEYSLOTS) / SECTOR_SIZE);
+
+		if (!jobj_keyslot)
+			continue;
+
+		hdr1->keyblock[i].active = LUKS_KEY_ENABLED;
+		last_active = i;
+
+		if (!json_object_object_get_ex(jobj_keyslot, "kdf", &jobj_kdf))
+			continue;
+
+		if (!json_object_object_get_ex(jobj_kdf, "iterations", &jobj1))
+			continue;
+		hdr1->keyblock[i].passwordIterations = crypt_jobj_get_uint32(jobj1);
+
+		if (!json_object_object_get_ex(jobj_kdf, "salt", &jobj1))
+			continue;
+
+		if (crypt_base64_decode(&buf, &len, json_object_get_string(jobj1),
+					json_object_get_string_len(jobj1)))
+			continue;
+		if (len > 0 && len != LUKS_SALTSIZE) {
+			free(buf);
+			continue;
+		}
+		memcpy(hdr1->keyblock[i].passwordSalt, buf, LUKS_SALTSIZE);
+		free(buf);
+	}
+
+	if (!jobj_keyslot) {
+		jobj_keyslot = LUKS2_get_keyslot_jobj(hdr2, last_active);
+		if (!jobj_keyslot)
+			return -EINVAL;
+	}
+
+	if (!json_object_object_get_ex(jobj_keyslot, "area", &jobj_area))
+		return -EINVAL;
+	if (!json_object_object_get_ex(jobj_area, "encryption", &jobj1))
+		return -EINVAL;
+	r = crypt_parse_name_and_mode(json_object_get_string(jobj1), cipher, NULL, cipher_mode);
+	if (r < 0)
+		return r;
+
+	strncpy(hdr1->cipherName, cipher, LUKS_CIPHERNAME_L - 1);
+	hdr1->cipherName[LUKS_CIPHERNAME_L-1] = '\0';
+	strncpy(hdr1->cipherMode, cipher_mode, LUKS_CIPHERMODE_L - 1);
+	hdr1->cipherMode[LUKS_CIPHERMODE_L-1] = '\0';
+
+	if (!json_object_object_get_ex(jobj_keyslot, "kdf", &jobj_kdf))
+		return -EINVAL;
+	if (!json_object_object_get_ex(jobj_kdf, "hash", &jobj1))
+		return -EINVAL;
+	strncpy(hdr1->hashSpec, json_object_get_string(jobj1), sizeof(hdr1->hashSpec) - 1);
+
+	hdr1->keyBytes = key_size;
+
+	if (!json_object_object_get_ex(jobj_digest, "iterations", &jobj1))
+		return -EINVAL;
+	hdr1->mkDigestIterations = crypt_jobj_get_uint32(jobj1);
+
+	if (!json_object_object_get_ex(jobj_digest, "digest", &jobj1))
+		return -EINVAL;
+	r = crypt_base64_decode(&digest, &len, json_object_get_string(jobj1),
+				json_object_get_string_len(jobj1));
+	if (r < 0)
+		return r;
+	/* We can store full digest here, not only sha1 length */
+	if (len < LUKS_DIGESTSIZE) {
+		free(digest);
+		return -EINVAL;
+	}
+	memcpy(hdr1->mkDigest, digest, LUKS_DIGESTSIZE);
+	free(digest);
+
+	if (!json_object_object_get_ex(jobj_digest, "salt", &jobj1))
+		return -EINVAL;
+	r = crypt_base64_decode(&digest_salt, &len, json_object_get_string(jobj1),
+				json_object_get_string_len(jobj1));
+	if (r < 0)
+		return r;
+	if (len != LUKS_SALTSIZE) {
+		free(digest_salt);
+		return -EINVAL;
+	}
+	memcpy(hdr1->mkDigestSalt, digest_salt, LUKS_SALTSIZE);
+	free(digest_salt);
+
+	if (!json_object_object_get_ex(jobj_segment, "offset", &jobj1))
+		return -EINVAL;
+	offset = crypt_jobj_get_uint64(jobj1) / SECTOR_SIZE;
+	if (offset > UINT32_MAX)
+		return -EINVAL;
+	hdr1->payloadOffset = offset;
+
+	strncpy(hdr1->uuid, hdr2->uuid, UUID_STRING_L); /* max 36 chars */
+	hdr1->uuid[UUID_STRING_L-1] = '\0';
+
+	memcpy(hdr1->magic, luksMagic, LUKS_MAGIC_L);
+
+	hdr1->version = 1;
+
+	r = luks_header_in_use(cd);
+	if (r)
+		return r > 0 ? -EBUSY : r;
+
+	/* move keyslots 32k -> 4k offset */
+	buf_offset = 2 * LUKS2_HDR_16K_LEN;
+	buf_size   = LUKS2_keyslots_size(hdr2);
+	r = move_keyslot_areas(cd, buf_offset, 8 * SECTOR_SIZE, buf_size);
+	if (r < 0) {
+		log_err(cd, _("Unable to move keyslot area."));
+		return r;
+	}
+
+	crypt_wipe_device(cd, crypt_metadata_device(cd), CRYPT_WIPE_ZERO, 0,
+			  8 * SECTOR_SIZE, 8 * SECTOR_SIZE, NULL, NULL);
+
+	/* Write new LUKS1 hdr */
+	return LUKS_write_phdr(hdr1, cd);
+}