Adding upstream version 1.47.0.upstream/1.47.0upstream

Signed-off-by: Daniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org>

1 files changed, 3592 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/misc/mke2fs.c b/misc/mke2fs.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4a9c1b0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/misc/mke2fs.c
@@ -0,0 +1,3592 @@
+/*
+ * mke2fs.c - Make a ext2fs filesystem.
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002,
+ * 	2003, 2004, 2005 by Theodore Ts'o.
+ *
+ * %Begin-Header%
+ * This file may be redistributed under the terms of the GNU Public
+ * License.
+ * %End-Header%
+ */
+
+/* Usage: mke2fs [options] device
+ *
+ * The device may be a block device or a image of one, but this isn't
+ * enforced (but it's not much fun on a character device :-).
+ */
+
+#define _XOPEN_SOURCE 600
+
+#include "config.h"
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <strings.h>
+#include <ctype.h>
+#include <time.h>
+#ifdef __linux__
+#include <sys/utsname.h>
+#define KERNEL_VERSION(a,b,c) (((a) << 16) + ((b) << 8) + (c))
+#endif
+#ifdef HAVE_GETOPT_H
+#include <getopt.h>
+#else
+extern char *optarg;
+extern int optind;
+#endif
+#ifdef HAVE_UNISTD_H
+#include <unistd.h>
+#endif
+#ifdef HAVE_STDLIB_H
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#endif
+#ifdef HAVE_ERRNO_H
+#include <errno.h>
+#endif
+#ifdef HAVE_SYS_IOCTL_H
+#include <sys/ioctl.h>
+#endif
+#include <libgen.h>
+#include <limits.h>
+#include <blkid/blkid.h>
+
+#include "ext2fs/ext2_fs.h"
+#include "ext2fs/ext2fsP.h"
+#include "uuid/uuid.h"
+#include "util.h"
+#include "support/nls-enable.h"
+#include "support/plausible.h"
+#include "support/profile.h"
+#include "support/prof_err.h"
+#include "../version.h"
+#include "support/quotaio.h"
+#include "mke2fs.h"
+#include "create_inode.h"
+
+#define STRIDE_LENGTH 8
+
+#define MAX_32_NUM ((((unsigned long long) 1) << 32) - 1)
+
+#ifndef __sparc__
+#define ZAP_BOOTBLOCK
+#endif
+
+#define DISCARD_STEP_MB		(2048)
+
+extern int isatty(int);
+extern FILE *fpopen(const char *cmd, const char *mode);
+
+const char * program_name = "mke2fs";
+static const char * device_name /* = NULL */;
+
+/* Command line options */
+static int	cflag;
+int	verbose;
+int	quiet;
+static int	super_only;
+static int	discard = 1;	/* attempt to discard device before fs creation */
+static int	direct_io;
+static int	force;
+static int	noaction;
+static int	num_backups = 2; /* number of backup bg's for sparse_super2 */
+static uid_t	root_uid;
+static gid_t	root_gid;
+int	journal_size;
+int	journal_flags;
+int	journal_fc_size;
+static e2_blkcnt_t	orphan_file_blocks;
+static int	lazy_itable_init;
+static int	assume_storage_prezeroed;
+static int	packed_meta_blocks;
+int		no_copy_xattrs;
+static char	*bad_blocks_filename = NULL;
+static __u32	fs_stride;
+/* Initialize usr/grp quotas by default */
+static unsigned int quotatype_bits = (QUOTA_USR_BIT | QUOTA_GRP_BIT);
+static __u64	offset;
+static blk64_t journal_location = ~0LL;
+static int	proceed_delay = -1;
+static blk64_t	dev_size;
+
+static struct ext2_super_block fs_param;
+static __u32 zero_buf[4];
+static char *fs_uuid = NULL;
+static char *creator_os;
+static char *volume_label;
+static char *mount_dir;
+char *journal_device;
+static int sync_kludge;	/* Set using the MKE2FS_SYNC env. option */
+char **fs_types;
+const char *src_root_dir;  /* Copy files from the specified directory */
+static char *undo_file;
+
+static int android_sparse_file; /* -E android_sparse */
+
+static profile_t	profile;
+
+static int sys_page_size = 4096;
+
+static int errors_behavior = 0;
+
+static void usage(void)
+{
+	fprintf(stderr, _("Usage: %s [-c|-l filename] [-b block-size] "
+	"[-C cluster-size]\n\t[-i bytes-per-inode] [-I inode-size] "
+	"[-J journal-options]\n"
+	"\t[-G flex-group-size] [-N number-of-inodes] "
+	"[-d root-directory]\n"
+	"\t[-m reserved-blocks-percentage] [-o creator-os]\n"
+	"\t[-g blocks-per-group] [-L volume-label] "
+	"[-M last-mounted-directory]\n\t[-O feature[,...]] "
+	"[-r fs-revision] [-E extended-option[,...]]\n"
+	"\t[-t fs-type] [-T usage-type ] [-U UUID] [-e errors_behavior]"
+	"[-z undo_file]\n"
+	"\t[-jnqvDFSV] device [blocks-count]\n"),
+		program_name);
+	exit(1);
+}
+
+static int int_log2(unsigned long long arg)
+{
+	int	l = 0;
+
+	arg >>= 1;
+	while (arg) {
+		l++;
+		arg >>= 1;
+	}
+	return l;
+}
+
+int int_log10(unsigned long long arg)
+{
+	int	l;
+
+	for (l=0; arg ; l++)
+		arg = arg / 10;
+	return l;
+}
+
+#ifdef __linux__
+static int parse_version_number(const char *s)
+{
+	int	major, minor, rev;
+	char	*endptr;
+	const char *cp = s;
+
+	if (!s)
+		return 0;
+	major = strtol(cp, &endptr, 10);
+	if (cp == endptr || *endptr != '.')
+		return 0;
+	cp = endptr + 1;
+	minor = strtol(cp, &endptr, 10);
+	if (cp == endptr || *endptr != '.')
+		return 0;
+	cp = endptr + 1;
+	rev = strtol(cp, &endptr, 10);
+	if (cp == endptr)
+		return 0;
+	return KERNEL_VERSION(major, minor, rev);
+}
+
+static int is_before_linux_ver(unsigned int major, unsigned int minor,
+			       unsigned int rev)
+{
+	struct		utsname ut;
+	static int	linux_version_code = -1;
+
+	if (uname(&ut)) {
+		perror("uname");
+		exit(1);
+	}
+	if (linux_version_code < 0)
+		linux_version_code = parse_version_number(ut.release);
+	if (linux_version_code == 0)
+		return 0;
+
+	return linux_version_code < (int) KERNEL_VERSION(major, minor, rev);
+}
+#else
+static int is_before_linux_ver(unsigned int major, unsigned int minor,
+			       unsigned int rev)
+{
+	return 0;
+}
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * Helper function for read_bb_file and test_disk
+ */
+static void invalid_block(ext2_filsys fs EXT2FS_ATTR((unused)), blk_t blk)
+{
+	fprintf(stderr, _("Bad block %u out of range; ignored.\n"), blk);
+	return;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Reads the bad blocks list from a file
+ */
+static void read_bb_file(ext2_filsys fs, badblocks_list *bb_list,
+			 const char *bad_blocks_file)
+{
+	FILE		*f;
+	errcode_t	retval;
+
+	f = fopen(bad_blocks_file, "r");
+	if (!f) {
+		com_err("read_bad_blocks_file", errno,
+			_("while trying to open %s"), bad_blocks_file);
+		exit(1);
+	}
+	retval = ext2fs_read_bb_FILE(fs, f, bb_list, invalid_block);
+	fclose (f);
+	if (retval) {
+		com_err("ext2fs_read_bb_FILE", retval, "%s",
+			_("while reading in list of bad blocks from file"));
+		exit(1);
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * Runs the badblocks program to test the disk
+ */
+static void test_disk(ext2_filsys fs, badblocks_list *bb_list)
+{
+	FILE		*f;
+	errcode_t	retval;
+	char		buf[1024];
+
+	sprintf(buf, "badblocks -b %d -X %s%s%s %llu", fs->blocksize,
+		quiet ? "" : "-s ", (cflag > 1) ? "-w " : "",
+		fs->device_name,
+		(unsigned long long) ext2fs_blocks_count(fs->super)-1);
+	if (verbose)
+		printf(_("Running command: %s\n"), buf);
+	f = popen(buf, "r");
+	if (!f) {
+		com_err("popen", errno,
+			_("while trying to run '%s'"), buf);
+		exit(1);
+	}
+	retval = ext2fs_read_bb_FILE(fs, f, bb_list, invalid_block);
+	pclose(f);
+	if (retval) {
+		com_err("ext2fs_read_bb_FILE", retval, "%s",
+			_("while processing list of bad blocks from program"));
+		exit(1);
+	}
+}
+
+static void handle_bad_blocks(ext2_filsys fs, badblocks_list bb_list)
+{
+	dgrp_t			i;
+	blk_t			j;
+	unsigned 		must_be_good;
+	blk_t			blk;
+	badblocks_iterate	bb_iter;
+	errcode_t		retval;
+	blk_t			group_block;
+	int			group;
+	int			group_bad;
+
+	if (!bb_list)
+		return;
+
+	/*
+	 * The primary superblock and group descriptors *must* be
+	 * good; if not, abort.
+	 */
+	must_be_good = fs->super->s_first_data_block + 1 + fs->desc_blocks;
+	for (i = fs->super->s_first_data_block; i <= must_be_good; i++) {
+		if (ext2fs_badblocks_list_test(bb_list, i)) {
+			fprintf(stderr, _("Block %d in primary "
+				"superblock/group descriptor area bad.\n"), i);
+			fprintf(stderr, _("Blocks %u through %u must be good "
+				"in order to build a filesystem.\n"),
+				fs->super->s_first_data_block, must_be_good);
+			fputs(_("Aborting....\n"), stderr);
+			exit(1);
+		}
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * See if any of the bad blocks are showing up in the backup
+	 * superblocks and/or group descriptors.  If so, issue a
+	 * warning and adjust the block counts appropriately.
+	 */
+	group_block = fs->super->s_first_data_block +
+		fs->super->s_blocks_per_group;
+
+	for (i = 1; i < fs->group_desc_count; i++) {
+		group_bad = 0;
+		for (j=0; j < fs->desc_blocks+1; j++) {
+			if (ext2fs_badblocks_list_test(bb_list,
+						       group_block + j)) {
+				if (!group_bad)
+					fprintf(stderr,
+_("Warning: the backup superblock/group descriptors at block %u contain\n"
+"	bad blocks.\n\n"),
+						group_block);
+				group_bad++;
+				group = ext2fs_group_of_blk2(fs, group_block+j);
+				ext2fs_bg_free_blocks_count_set(fs, group, ext2fs_bg_free_blocks_count(fs, group) + 1);
+				ext2fs_group_desc_csum_set(fs, group);
+				ext2fs_free_blocks_count_add(fs->super, 1);
+			}
+		}
+		group_block += fs->super->s_blocks_per_group;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Mark all the bad blocks as used...
+	 */
+	retval = ext2fs_badblocks_list_iterate_begin(bb_list, &bb_iter);
+	if (retval) {
+		com_err("ext2fs_badblocks_list_iterate_begin", retval, "%s",
+			_("while marking bad blocks as used"));
+		exit(1);
+	}
+	while (ext2fs_badblocks_list_iterate(bb_iter, &blk))
+		ext2fs_mark_block_bitmap2(fs->block_map, blk);
+	ext2fs_badblocks_list_iterate_end(bb_iter);
+}
+
+static void write_reserved_inodes(ext2_filsys fs)
+{
+	errcode_t	retval;
+	ext2_ino_t	ino;
+	struct ext2_inode *inode;
+
+	retval = ext2fs_get_memzero(EXT2_INODE_SIZE(fs->super), &inode);
+	if (retval) {
+		com_err("inode_init", retval, _("while allocating memory"));
+		exit(1);
+	}
+
+	for (ino = 1; ino < EXT2_FIRST_INO(fs->super); ino++) {
+		retval = ext2fs_write_inode_full(fs, ino, inode,
+						 EXT2_INODE_SIZE(fs->super));
+		if (retval) {
+			com_err("ext2fs_write_inode_full", retval,
+				_("while writing reserved inodes"));
+			exit(1);
+		}
+	}
+
+	ext2fs_free_mem(&inode);
+}
+
+static errcode_t packed_allocate_tables(ext2_filsys fs)
+{
+	errcode_t	retval;
+	dgrp_t		i;
+	blk64_t		goal = 0;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < fs->group_desc_count; i++) {
+		retval = ext2fs_new_block2(fs, goal, NULL, &goal);
+		if (retval)
+			return retval;
+		ext2fs_block_alloc_stats2(fs, goal, +1);
+		ext2fs_block_bitmap_loc_set(fs, i, goal);
+	}
+	for (i = 0; i < fs->group_desc_count; i++) {
+		retval = ext2fs_new_block2(fs, goal, NULL, &goal);
+		if (retval)
+			return retval;
+		ext2fs_block_alloc_stats2(fs, goal, +1);
+		ext2fs_inode_bitmap_loc_set(fs, i, goal);
+	}
+	for (i = 0; i < fs->group_desc_count; i++) {
+		blk64_t end = ext2fs_blocks_count(fs->super) - 1;
+		retval = ext2fs_get_free_blocks2(fs, goal, end,
+						 fs->inode_blocks_per_group,
+						 fs->block_map, &goal);
+		if (retval)
+			return retval;
+		ext2fs_block_alloc_stats_range(fs, goal,
+					       fs->inode_blocks_per_group, +1);
+		ext2fs_inode_table_loc_set(fs, i, goal);
+		ext2fs_group_desc_csum_set(fs, i);
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void write_inode_tables(ext2_filsys fs, int lazy_flag, int itable_zeroed)
+{
+	errcode_t	retval;
+	blk64_t		blk;
+	dgrp_t		i;
+	int		num;
+	struct ext2fs_numeric_progress_struct progress;
+
+	ext2fs_numeric_progress_init(fs, &progress,
+				     _("Writing inode tables: "),
+				     fs->group_desc_count);
+
+	for (i = 0; i < fs->group_desc_count; i++) {
+		ext2fs_numeric_progress_update(fs, &progress, i);
+
+		blk = ext2fs_inode_table_loc(fs, i);
+		num = fs->inode_blocks_per_group;
+
+		if (lazy_flag)
+			num = ext2fs_div_ceil((fs->super->s_inodes_per_group -
+					       ext2fs_bg_itable_unused(fs, i)) *
+					      EXT2_INODE_SIZE(fs->super),
+					      EXT2_BLOCK_SIZE(fs->super));
+		if (!lazy_flag || itable_zeroed) {
+			/* The kernel doesn't need to zero the itable blocks */
+			ext2fs_bg_flags_set(fs, i, EXT2_BG_INODE_ZEROED);
+			ext2fs_group_desc_csum_set(fs, i);
+		}
+		if (!itable_zeroed) {
+			retval = ext2fs_zero_blocks2(fs, blk, num, &blk, &num);
+			if (retval) {
+				fprintf(stderr, _("\nCould not write %d "
+					  "blocks in inode table starting at %llu: %s\n"),
+					num, (unsigned long long) blk,
+					error_message(retval));
+				exit(1);
+			}
+		}
+		if (sync_kludge) {
+			if (sync_kludge == 1)
+				io_channel_flush(fs->io);
+			else if ((i % sync_kludge) == 0)
+				io_channel_flush(fs->io);
+		}
+	}
+	ext2fs_numeric_progress_close(fs, &progress,
+				      _("done                            \n"));
+
+	/* Reserved inodes must always have correct checksums */
+	if (ext2fs_has_feature_metadata_csum(fs->super))
+		write_reserved_inodes(fs);
+}
+
+static void create_root_dir(ext2_filsys fs)
+{
+	errcode_t		retval;
+	struct ext2_inode	inode;
+
+	retval = ext2fs_mkdir(fs, EXT2_ROOT_INO, EXT2_ROOT_INO, 0);
+	if (retval) {
+		com_err("ext2fs_mkdir", retval, "%s",
+			_("while creating root dir"));
+		exit(1);
+	}
+	if (root_uid != 0 || root_gid != 0) {
+		retval = ext2fs_read_inode(fs, EXT2_ROOT_INO, &inode);
+		if (retval) {
+			com_err("ext2fs_read_inode", retval, "%s",
+				_("while reading root inode"));
+			exit(1);
+		}
+
+		inode.i_uid = root_uid;
+		ext2fs_set_i_uid_high(inode, root_uid >> 16);
+		inode.i_gid = root_gid;
+		ext2fs_set_i_gid_high(inode, root_gid >> 16);
+
+		retval = ext2fs_write_new_inode(fs, EXT2_ROOT_INO, &inode);
+		if (retval) {
+			com_err("ext2fs_write_inode", retval, "%s",
+				_("while setting root inode ownership"));
+			exit(1);
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+static void create_lost_and_found(ext2_filsys fs)
+{
+	unsigned int		lpf_size = 0;
+	errcode_t		retval;
+	ext2_ino_t		ino;
+	const char		*name = "lost+found";
+	int			i;
+
+	fs->umask = 077;
+	retval = ext2fs_mkdir(fs, EXT2_ROOT_INO, 0, name);
+	if (retval) {
+		com_err("ext2fs_mkdir", retval, "%s",
+			_("while creating /lost+found"));
+		exit(1);
+	}
+
+	retval = ext2fs_lookup(fs, EXT2_ROOT_INO, name, strlen(name), 0, &ino);
+	if (retval) {
+		com_err("ext2_lookup", retval, "%s",
+			_("while looking up /lost+found"));
+		exit(1);
+	}
+
+	for (i=1; i < EXT2_NDIR_BLOCKS; i++) {
+		/* Ensure that lost+found is at least 2 blocks, so we always
+		 * test large empty blocks for big-block filesystems.  */
+		if ((lpf_size += fs->blocksize) >= 16*1024 &&
+		    lpf_size >= 2 * fs->blocksize)
+			break;
+		retval = ext2fs_expand_dir(fs, ino);
+		if (retval) {
+			com_err("ext2fs_expand_dir", retval, "%s",
+				_("while expanding /lost+found"));
+			exit(1);
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+static void create_bad_block_inode(ext2_filsys fs, badblocks_list bb_list)
+{
+	errcode_t	retval;
+
+	ext2fs_mark_inode_bitmap2(fs->inode_map, EXT2_BAD_INO);
+	ext2fs_inode_alloc_stats2(fs, EXT2_BAD_INO, +1, 0);
+	retval = ext2fs_update_bb_inode(fs, bb_list);
+	if (retval) {
+		com_err("ext2fs_update_bb_inode", retval, "%s",
+			_("while setting bad block inode"));
+		exit(1);
+	}
+
+}
+
+static void reserve_inodes(ext2_filsys fs)
+{
+	ext2_ino_t	i;
+
+	for (i = EXT2_ROOT_INO + 1; i < EXT2_FIRST_INODE(fs->super); i++)
+		ext2fs_inode_alloc_stats2(fs, i, +1, 0);
+	ext2fs_mark_ib_dirty(fs);
+}
+
+#define BSD_DISKMAGIC   (0x82564557UL)  /* The disk magic number */
+#define BSD_MAGICDISK   (0x57455682UL)  /* The disk magic number reversed */
+#define BSD_LABEL_OFFSET        64
+
+static void zap_sector(ext2_filsys fs, int sect, int nsect)
+{
+	char *buf;
+	int retval;
+	unsigned int *magic;
+
+	buf = calloc(512, nsect);
+	if (!buf) {
+		printf(_("Out of memory erasing sectors %d-%d\n"),
+		       sect, sect + nsect - 1);
+		exit(1);
+	}
+
+	if (sect == 0) {
+		/* Check for a BSD disklabel, and don't erase it if so */
+		retval = io_channel_read_blk64(fs->io, 0, -512, buf);
+		if (retval)
+			fprintf(stderr,
+				_("Warning: could not read block 0: %s\n"),
+				error_message(retval));
+		else {
+			magic = (unsigned int *) (buf + BSD_LABEL_OFFSET);
+			if ((*magic == BSD_DISKMAGIC) ||
+			    (*magic == BSD_MAGICDISK)) {
+				free(buf);
+				return;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	memset(buf, 0, 512*nsect);
+	io_channel_set_blksize(fs->io, 512);
+	retval = io_channel_write_blk64(fs->io, sect, -512*nsect, buf);
+	io_channel_set_blksize(fs->io, fs->blocksize);
+	free(buf);
+	if (retval)
+		fprintf(stderr, _("Warning: could not erase sector %d: %s\n"),
+			sect, error_message(retval));
+}
+
+static void create_journal_dev(ext2_filsys fs)
+{
+	struct ext2fs_numeric_progress_struct progress;
+	errcode_t		retval;
+	char			*buf;
+	blk64_t			blk, err_blk;
+	int			c, count, err_count;
+	struct ext2fs_journal_params	jparams;
+
+	retval = ext2fs_get_journal_params(&jparams, fs);
+	if (retval) {
+		com_err("create_journal_dev", retval, "%s",
+			_("while splitting the journal size"));
+		exit(1);
+	}
+
+	retval = ext2fs_create_journal_superblock2(fs, &jparams, 0, &buf);
+	if (retval) {
+		com_err("create_journal_dev", retval, "%s",
+			_("while initializing journal superblock"));
+		exit(1);
+	}
+
+	if (journal_flags & EXT2_MKJOURNAL_LAZYINIT)
+		goto write_superblock;
+
+	ext2fs_numeric_progress_init(fs, &progress,
+				     _("Zeroing journal device: "),
+				     ext2fs_blocks_count(fs->super));
+	blk = 0;
+	count = ext2fs_blocks_count(fs->super);
+	while (count > 0) {
+		if (count > 1024)
+			c = 1024;
+		else
+			c = count;
+		retval = ext2fs_zero_blocks2(fs, blk, c, &err_blk, &err_count);
+		if (retval) {
+			com_err("create_journal_dev", retval,
+				_("while zeroing journal device "
+				  "(block %llu, count %d)"),
+				(unsigned long long) err_blk, err_count);
+			exit(1);
+		}
+		blk += c;
+		count -= c;
+		ext2fs_numeric_progress_update(fs, &progress, blk);
+	}
+
+	ext2fs_numeric_progress_close(fs, &progress, NULL);
+write_superblock:
+	retval = io_channel_write_blk64(fs->io,
+					fs->super->s_first_data_block+1,
+					1, buf);
+	(void) ext2fs_free_mem(&buf);
+	if (retval) {
+		com_err("create_journal_dev", retval, "%s",
+			_("while writing journal superblock"));
+		exit(1);
+	}
+}
+
+static void show_stats(ext2_filsys fs)
+{
+	struct ext2_super_block *s = fs->super;
+        char                    *os;
+	blk64_t			group_block;
+	dgrp_t			i;
+	int			need, col_left;
+
+	if (!verbose) {
+		printf(_("Creating filesystem with %llu %dk blocks and "
+			 "%u inodes\n"),
+		       (unsigned long long) ext2fs_blocks_count(s),
+		       fs->blocksize >> 10, s->s_inodes_count);
+		goto skip_details;
+	}
+
+	if (ext2fs_blocks_count(&fs_param) != ext2fs_blocks_count(s))
+		fprintf(stderr, _("warning: %llu blocks unused.\n\n"),
+			(unsigned long long) (ext2fs_blocks_count(&fs_param) -
+					      ext2fs_blocks_count(s)));
+
+	printf(_("Filesystem label=%.*s\n"), EXT2_LEN_STR(s->s_volume_name));
+
+	os = e2p_os2string(fs->super->s_creator_os);
+	if (os)
+		printf(_("OS type: %s\n"), os);
+	free(os);
+	printf(_("Block size=%u (log=%u)\n"), fs->blocksize,
+		s->s_log_block_size);
+	if (ext2fs_has_feature_bigalloc(fs->super))
+		printf(_("Cluster size=%u (log=%u)\n"),
+		       fs->blocksize << fs->cluster_ratio_bits,
+		       s->s_log_cluster_size);
+	else
+		printf(_("Fragment size=%u (log=%u)\n"), EXT2_CLUSTER_SIZE(s),
+		       s->s_log_cluster_size);
+	printf(_("Stride=%u blocks, Stripe width=%u blocks\n"),
+	       s->s_raid_stride, s->s_raid_stripe_width);
+	printf(_("%u inodes, %llu blocks\n"), s->s_inodes_count,
+	       (unsigned long long) ext2fs_blocks_count(s));
+	printf(_("%llu blocks (%2.2f%%) reserved for the super user\n"),
+	       (unsigned long long) ext2fs_r_blocks_count(s),
+	       100.0 *  ext2fs_r_blocks_count(s) / ext2fs_blocks_count(s));
+	printf(_("First data block=%u\n"), s->s_first_data_block);
+	if (root_uid != 0 || root_gid != 0)
+		printf(_("Root directory owner=%u:%u\n"), root_uid, root_gid);
+	if (s->s_reserved_gdt_blocks)
+		printf(_("Maximum filesystem blocks=%lu\n"),
+		       (s->s_reserved_gdt_blocks + fs->desc_blocks) *
+		       EXT2_DESC_PER_BLOCK(s) * s->s_blocks_per_group);
+	if (fs->group_desc_count > 1)
+		printf(_("%u block groups\n"), fs->group_desc_count);
+	else
+		printf(_("%u block group\n"), fs->group_desc_count);
+	if (ext2fs_has_feature_bigalloc(fs->super))
+		printf(_("%u blocks per group, %u clusters per group\n"),
+		       s->s_blocks_per_group, s->s_clusters_per_group);
+	else
+		printf(_("%u blocks per group, %u fragments per group\n"),
+		       s->s_blocks_per_group, s->s_clusters_per_group);
+	printf(_("%u inodes per group\n"), s->s_inodes_per_group);
+
+skip_details:
+	if (fs->group_desc_count == 1) {
+		printf("\n");
+		return;
+	}
+
+	if (!e2p_is_null_uuid(s->s_uuid))
+		printf(_("Filesystem UUID: %s\n"), e2p_uuid2str(s->s_uuid));
+	printf("%s", _("Superblock backups stored on blocks: "));
+	group_block = s->s_first_data_block;
+	col_left = 0;
+	for (i = 1; i < fs->group_desc_count; i++) {
+		group_block += s->s_blocks_per_group;
+		if (!ext2fs_bg_has_super(fs, i))
+			continue;
+		if (i != 1)
+			printf(", ");
+		need = int_log10(group_block) + 2;
+		if (need > col_left) {
+			printf("\n\t");
+			col_left = 72;
+		}
+		col_left -= need;
+		printf("%llu", (unsigned long long) group_block);
+	}
+	printf("\n\n");
+}
+
+/*
+ * Returns true if making a file system for the Hurd, else 0
+ */
+static int for_hurd(const char *os)
+{
+	if (!os) {
+#ifdef __GNU__
+		return 1;
+#else
+		return 0;
+#endif
+	}
+	if (isdigit(*os))
+		return (atoi(os) == EXT2_OS_HURD);
+	return (strcasecmp(os, "GNU") == 0 || strcasecmp(os, "hurd") == 0);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Set the S_CREATOR_OS field.  Return true if OS is known,
+ * otherwise, 0.
+ */
+static int set_os(struct ext2_super_block *sb, char *os)
+{
+	if (isdigit (*os))
+		sb->s_creator_os = atoi (os);
+	else if (strcasecmp(os, "linux") == 0)
+		sb->s_creator_os = EXT2_OS_LINUX;
+	else if (strcasecmp(os, "GNU") == 0 || strcasecmp(os, "hurd") == 0)
+		sb->s_creator_os = EXT2_OS_HURD;
+	else if (strcasecmp(os, "freebsd") == 0)
+		sb->s_creator_os = EXT2_OS_FREEBSD;
+	else if (strcasecmp(os, "lites") == 0)
+		sb->s_creator_os = EXT2_OS_LITES;
+	else
+		return 0;
+	return 1;
+}
+
+#define PATH_SET "PATH=/sbin"
+
+static void parse_extended_opts(struct ext2_super_block *param,
+				const char *opts)
+{
+	char	*buf, *token, *next, *p, *arg, *badopt = 0;
+	int	len;
+	int	r_usage = 0;
+	int	ret;
+	int	encoding = -1;
+	char 	*encoding_flags = NULL;
+
+	len = strlen(opts);
+	buf = malloc(len+1);
+	if (!buf) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "%s",
+			_("Couldn't allocate memory to parse options!\n"));
+		exit(1);
+	}
+	strcpy(buf, opts);
+	for (token = buf; token && *token; token = next) {
+		p = strchr(token, ',');
+		next = 0;
+		if (p) {
+			*p = 0;
+			next = p+1;
+		}
+		arg = strchr(token, '=');
+		if (arg) {
+			*arg = 0;
+			arg++;
+		}
+		if (strcmp(token, "desc-size") == 0 ||
+		    strcmp(token, "desc_size") == 0) {
+			int desc_size;
+
+			if (!ext2fs_has_feature_64bit(&fs_param)) {
+				fprintf(stderr,
+					_("%s requires '-O 64bit'\n"), token);
+				r_usage++;
+				continue;
+			}
+			if (param->s_reserved_gdt_blocks != 0) {
+				fprintf(stderr,
+					_("'%s' must be before 'resize=%u'\n"),
+					token, param->s_reserved_gdt_blocks);
+				r_usage++;
+				continue;
+			}
+			if (!arg) {
+				r_usage++;
+				badopt = token;
+				continue;
+			}
+			desc_size = strtoul(arg, &p, 0);
+			if (*p || (desc_size & (desc_size - 1))) {
+				fprintf(stderr,
+					_("Invalid desc_size: '%s'\n"), arg);
+				r_usage++;
+				continue;
+			}
+			param->s_desc_size = desc_size;
+		} else if (strcmp(token, "hash_seed") == 0) {
+			if (!arg) {
+				r_usage++;
+				badopt = token;
+				continue;
+			}
+			if (uuid_parse(arg,
+				(unsigned char *)param->s_hash_seed) != 0) {
+				fprintf(stderr,
+					_("Invalid hash seed: %s\n"), arg);
+				r_usage++;
+				continue;
+			}
+		} else if (strcmp(token, "offset") == 0) {
+			if (!arg) {
+				r_usage++;
+				badopt = token;
+				continue;
+			}
+			offset = strtoull(arg, &p, 0);
+			if (*p) {
+				fprintf(stderr, _("Invalid offset: %s\n"),
+					arg);
+				r_usage++;
+				continue;
+			}
+		} else if (strcmp(token, "mmp_update_interval") == 0) {
+			if (!arg) {
+				r_usage++;
+				badopt = token;
+				continue;
+			}
+			param->s_mmp_update_interval = strtoul(arg, &p, 0);
+			if (*p) {
+				fprintf(stderr,
+					_("Invalid mmp_update_interval: %s\n"),
+					arg);
+				r_usage++;
+				continue;
+			}
+		} else if (strcmp(token, "no_copy_xattrs") == 0) {
+			no_copy_xattrs = 1;
+			continue;
+		} else if (strcmp(token, "num_backup_sb") == 0) {
+			if (!arg) {
+				r_usage++;
+				badopt = token;
+				continue;
+			}
+			num_backups = strtoul(arg, &p, 0);
+			if (*p || num_backups > 2) {
+				fprintf(stderr,
+					_("Invalid # of backup "
+					  "superblocks: %s\n"),
+					arg);
+				r_usage++;
+				continue;
+			}
+		} else if (strcmp(token, "packed_meta_blocks") == 0) {
+			if (arg)
+				packed_meta_blocks = strtoul(arg, &p, 0);
+			else
+				packed_meta_blocks = 1;
+			if (packed_meta_blocks)
+				journal_location = 0;
+		} else if (strcmp(token, "stride") == 0) {
+			if (!arg) {
+				r_usage++;
+				badopt = token;
+				continue;
+			}
+			param->s_raid_stride = strtoul(arg, &p, 0);
+			if (*p) {
+				fprintf(stderr,
+					_("Invalid stride parameter: %s\n"),
+					arg);
+				r_usage++;
+				continue;
+			}
+		} else if (strcmp(token, "stripe-width") == 0 ||
+			   strcmp(token, "stripe_width") == 0) {
+			if (!arg) {
+				r_usage++;
+				badopt = token;
+				continue;
+			}
+			param->s_raid_stripe_width = strtoul(arg, &p, 0);
+			if (*p) {
+				fprintf(stderr,
+					_("Invalid stripe-width parameter: %s\n"),
+					arg);
+				r_usage++;
+				continue;
+			}
+		} else if (!strcmp(token, "resize")) {
+			blk64_t resize;
+			unsigned long bpg, rsv_groups;
+			unsigned long group_desc_count, desc_blocks;
+			unsigned int gdpb, blocksize;
+			int rsv_gdb;
+
+			if (!arg) {
+				r_usage++;
+				badopt = token;
+				continue;
+			}
+
+			resize = parse_num_blocks2(arg,
+						   param->s_log_block_size);
+
+			if (resize == 0) {
+				fprintf(stderr,
+					_("Invalid resize parameter: %s\n"),
+					arg);
+				r_usage++;
+				continue;
+			}
+			if (resize <= ext2fs_blocks_count(param)) {
+				fprintf(stderr, "%s",
+					_("The resize maximum must be greater "
+					  "than the filesystem size.\n"));
+				r_usage++;
+				continue;
+			}
+
+			blocksize = EXT2_BLOCK_SIZE(param);
+			bpg = param->s_blocks_per_group;
+			if (!bpg)
+				bpg = blocksize * 8;
+			gdpb = EXT2_DESC_PER_BLOCK(param);
+			group_desc_count = (__u32) ext2fs_div64_ceil(
+				ext2fs_blocks_count(param), bpg);
+			desc_blocks = (group_desc_count +
+				       gdpb - 1) / gdpb;
+			rsv_groups = ext2fs_div64_ceil(resize, bpg);
+			rsv_gdb = ext2fs_div_ceil(rsv_groups, gdpb) -
+				desc_blocks;
+			if (rsv_gdb > (int) EXT2_ADDR_PER_BLOCK(param))
+				rsv_gdb = EXT2_ADDR_PER_BLOCK(param);
+
+			if (rsv_gdb > 0) {
+				if (param->s_rev_level == EXT2_GOOD_OLD_REV) {
+					fprintf(stderr, "%s",
+	_("On-line resizing not supported with revision 0 filesystems\n"));
+					free(buf);
+					exit(1);
+				}
+				ext2fs_set_feature_resize_inode(param);
+
+				param->s_reserved_gdt_blocks = rsv_gdb;
+			}
+		} else if (!strcmp(token, "test_fs")) {
+			param->s_flags |= EXT2_FLAGS_TEST_FILESYS;
+		} else if (!strcmp(token, "lazy_itable_init")) {
+			if (arg)
+				lazy_itable_init = strtoul(arg, &p, 0);
+			else
+				lazy_itable_init = 1;
+		} else if (!strcmp(token, "assume_storage_prezeroed")) {
+			if (arg)
+				assume_storage_prezeroed = strtoul(arg, &p, 0);
+			else
+				assume_storage_prezeroed = 1;
+		} else if (!strcmp(token, "lazy_journal_init")) {
+			if (arg)
+				journal_flags |= strtoul(arg, &p, 0) ?
+						EXT2_MKJOURNAL_LAZYINIT : 0;
+			else
+				journal_flags |= EXT2_MKJOURNAL_LAZYINIT;
+		} else if (!strcmp(token, "root_owner")) {
+			if (arg) {
+				root_uid = strtoul(arg, &p, 0);
+				if (*p != ':') {
+					fprintf(stderr,
+						_("Invalid root_owner: '%s'\n"),
+						arg);
+					r_usage++;
+					continue;
+				}
+				p++;
+				root_gid = strtoul(p, &p, 0);
+				if (*p) {
+					fprintf(stderr,
+						_("Invalid root_owner: '%s'\n"),
+						arg);
+					r_usage++;
+					continue;
+				}
+			} else {
+				root_uid = getuid();
+				root_gid = getgid();
+			}
+		} else if (!strcmp(token, "discard")) {
+			discard = 1;
+		} else if (!strcmp(token, "nodiscard")) {
+			discard = 0;
+		} else if (!strcmp(token, "quotatype")) {
+			char *errtok = NULL;
+
+			if (!arg) {
+				r_usage++;
+				badopt = token;
+				continue;
+			}
+			quotatype_bits = 0;
+			ret = parse_quota_types(arg, &quotatype_bits, &errtok);
+			if (ret) {
+				if (errtok) {
+					fprintf(stderr,
+				"Failed to parse quota type at %s", errtok);
+					free(errtok);
+				} else
+					com_err(program_name, ret,
+						"while parsing quota type");
+				r_usage++;
+				badopt = token;
+				continue;
+			}
+		} else if (!strcmp(token, "android_sparse")) {
+			android_sparse_file = 1;
+		} else if (!strcmp(token, "encoding")) {
+			if (!arg) {
+				r_usage++;
+				continue;
+			}
+
+			encoding = e2p_str2encoding(arg);
+			if (encoding < 0) {
+				fprintf(stderr, _("Invalid encoding: %s"), arg);
+				r_usage++;
+				continue;
+			}
+			param->s_encoding = encoding;
+			ext2fs_set_feature_casefold(param);
+		} else if (!strcmp(token, "encoding_flags")) {
+			if (!arg) {
+				r_usage++;
+				continue;
+			}
+			encoding_flags = arg;
+		} else if (!strcmp(token, "orphan_file_size")) {
+			if (!arg) {
+				r_usage++;
+				badopt = token;
+				continue;
+			}
+			orphan_file_blocks = parse_num_blocks2(arg,
+						fs_param.s_log_block_size);
+			if (orphan_file_blocks == 0) {
+				fprintf(stderr,
+					_("Invalid size of orphan file %s\n"),
+					arg);
+				r_usage++;
+				continue;
+			}
+		} else {
+			r_usage++;
+			badopt = token;
+		}
+	}
+	if (r_usage) {
+		fprintf(stderr, _("\nBad option(s) specified: %s\n\n"
+			"Extended options are separated by commas, "
+			"and may take an argument which\n"
+			"\tis set off by an equals ('=') sign.\n\n"
+			"Valid extended options are:\n"
+			"\tmmp_update_interval=<interval>\n"
+			"\tnum_backup_sb=<0|1|2>\n"
+			"\tstride=<RAID per-disk data chunk in blocks>\n"
+			"\tstripe-width=<RAID stride * data disks in blocks>\n"
+			"\toffset=<offset to create the file system>\n"
+			"\tresize=<resize maximum size in blocks>\n"
+			"\tpacked_meta_blocks=<0 to disable, 1 to enable>\n"
+			"\tlazy_itable_init=<0 to disable, 1 to enable>\n"
+			"\tlazy_journal_init=<0 to disable, 1 to enable>\n"
+			"\troot_owner=<uid of root dir>:<gid of root dir>\n"
+			"\ttest_fs\n"
+			"\tdiscard\n"
+			"\tnodiscard\n"
+			"\tencoding=<encoding>\n"
+			"\tencoding_flags=<flags>\n"
+			"\tquotatype=<quota type(s) to be enabled>\n"
+			"\tassume_storage_prezeroed=<0 to disable, 1 to enable>\n\n"),
+			badopt ? badopt : "");
+		free(buf);
+		exit(1);
+	}
+	if (param->s_raid_stride &&
+	    (param->s_raid_stripe_width % param->s_raid_stride) != 0)
+		fprintf(stderr, _("\nWarning: RAID stripe-width %u not an even "
+				  "multiple of stride %u.\n\n"),
+			param->s_raid_stripe_width, param->s_raid_stride);
+
+	if (ext2fs_has_feature_casefold(param)) {
+		param->s_encoding_flags =
+			e2p_get_encoding_flags(param->s_encoding);
+
+		if (encoding_flags &&
+		    e2p_str2encoding_flags(param->s_encoding, encoding_flags,
+					   &param->s_encoding_flags)) {
+			fprintf(stderr, _("error: Invalid encoding flag: %s\n"),
+				encoding_flags);
+			free(buf);
+			exit(1);
+		}
+	} else if (encoding_flags) {
+		fprintf(stderr, _("error: An encoding must be explicitly "
+				  "specified when passing encoding-flags\n"));
+		free(buf);
+		exit(1);
+	}
+
+	free(buf);
+}
+
+static __u32 ok_features[3] = {
+	/* Compat */
+	EXT3_FEATURE_COMPAT_HAS_JOURNAL |
+		EXT2_FEATURE_COMPAT_RESIZE_INODE |
+		EXT2_FEATURE_COMPAT_DIR_INDEX |
+		EXT2_FEATURE_COMPAT_EXT_ATTR |
+		EXT4_FEATURE_COMPAT_SPARSE_SUPER2 |
+		EXT4_FEATURE_COMPAT_FAST_COMMIT |
+		EXT4_FEATURE_COMPAT_STABLE_INODES |
+		EXT4_FEATURE_COMPAT_ORPHAN_FILE,
+	/* Incompat */
+	EXT2_FEATURE_INCOMPAT_FILETYPE|
+		EXT3_FEATURE_INCOMPAT_EXTENTS|
+		EXT3_FEATURE_INCOMPAT_JOURNAL_DEV|
+		EXT2_FEATURE_INCOMPAT_META_BG|
+		EXT4_FEATURE_INCOMPAT_FLEX_BG|
+		EXT4_FEATURE_INCOMPAT_EA_INODE|
+		EXT4_FEATURE_INCOMPAT_MMP |
+		EXT4_FEATURE_INCOMPAT_64BIT|
+		EXT4_FEATURE_INCOMPAT_INLINE_DATA|
+		EXT4_FEATURE_INCOMPAT_ENCRYPT |
+		EXT4_FEATURE_INCOMPAT_CASEFOLD |
+		EXT4_FEATURE_INCOMPAT_CSUM_SEED |
+		EXT4_FEATURE_INCOMPAT_LARGEDIR,
+	/* R/O compat */
+	EXT2_FEATURE_RO_COMPAT_LARGE_FILE|
+		EXT4_FEATURE_RO_COMPAT_HUGE_FILE|
+		EXT4_FEATURE_RO_COMPAT_DIR_NLINK|
+		EXT4_FEATURE_RO_COMPAT_EXTRA_ISIZE|
+		EXT2_FEATURE_RO_COMPAT_SPARSE_SUPER|
+		EXT4_FEATURE_RO_COMPAT_GDT_CSUM|
+		EXT4_FEATURE_RO_COMPAT_BIGALLOC|
+		EXT4_FEATURE_RO_COMPAT_QUOTA|
+		EXT4_FEATURE_RO_COMPAT_METADATA_CSUM|
+		EXT4_FEATURE_RO_COMPAT_PROJECT|
+		EXT4_FEATURE_RO_COMPAT_VERITY
+};
+
+
+static void syntax_err_report(const char *filename, long err, int line_num)
+{
+	fprintf(stderr,
+		_("Syntax error in mke2fs config file (%s, line #%d)\n\t%s\n"),
+		filename, line_num, error_message(err));
+	exit(1);
+}
+
+static const char *config_fn[] = { ROOT_SYSCONFDIR "/mke2fs.conf", 0 };
+
+static void edit_feature(const char *str, __u32 *compat_array)
+{
+	if (!str)
+		return;
+
+	if (e2p_edit_feature(str, compat_array, ok_features)) {
+		fprintf(stderr, _("Invalid filesystem option set: %s\n"),
+			str);
+		exit(1);
+	}
+}
+
+static void edit_mntopts(const char *str, __u32 *mntopts)
+{
+	if (!str)
+		return;
+
+	if (e2p_edit_mntopts(str, mntopts, ~0)) {
+		fprintf(stderr, _("Invalid mount option set: %s\n"),
+			str);
+		exit(1);
+	}
+}
+
+struct str_list {
+	char **list;
+	int num;
+	int max;
+};
+
+static errcode_t init_list(struct str_list *sl)
+{
+	sl->num = 0;
+	sl->max = 1;
+	sl->list = malloc((sl->max+1) * sizeof(char *));
+	if (!sl->list)
+		return ENOMEM;
+	sl->list[0] = 0;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static errcode_t push_string(struct str_list *sl, const char *str)
+{
+	char **new_list;
+
+	if (sl->num >= sl->max) {
+		sl->max += 2;
+		new_list = realloc(sl->list, (sl->max+1) * sizeof(char *));
+		if (!new_list)
+			return ENOMEM;
+		sl->list = new_list;
+	}
+	sl->list[sl->num] = malloc(strlen(str)+1);
+	if (sl->list[sl->num] == 0)
+		return ENOMEM;
+	strcpy(sl->list[sl->num], str);
+	sl->num++;
+	sl->list[sl->num] = 0;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void print_str_list(char **list)
+{
+	char **cpp;
+
+	for (cpp = list; *cpp; cpp++) {
+		printf("'%s'", *cpp);
+		if (cpp[1])
+			fputs(", ", stdout);
+	}
+	fputc('\n', stdout);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Return TRUE if the profile has the given subsection
+ */
+static int profile_has_subsection(profile_t prof, const char *section,
+				  const char *subsection)
+{
+	void			*state;
+	const char		*names[4];
+	char			*name;
+	int			ret = 0;
+
+	names[0] = section;
+	names[1] = subsection;
+	names[2] = 0;
+
+	if (profile_iterator_create(prof, names,
+				    PROFILE_ITER_LIST_SECTION |
+				    PROFILE_ITER_RELATIONS_ONLY, &state))
+		return 0;
+
+	if ((profile_iterator(&state, &name, 0) == 0) && name) {
+		free(name);
+		ret = 1;
+	}
+
+	profile_iterator_free(&state);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static char **parse_fs_type(const char *fs_type,
+			    const char *usage_types,
+			    struct ext2_super_block *sb,
+			    blk64_t fs_blocks_count,
+			    char *progname)
+{
+	const char	*ext_type = 0;
+	char		*parse_str;
+	char		*profile_type = 0;
+	char		*cp, *t;
+	const char	*size_type;
+	struct str_list	list;
+	unsigned long long meg;
+	int		is_hurd = for_hurd(creator_os);
+
+	if (init_list(&list))
+		return 0;
+
+	if (fs_type)
+		ext_type = fs_type;
+	else if (is_hurd)
+		ext_type = "ext2";
+	else if (!strcmp(program_name, "mke3fs"))
+		ext_type = "ext3";
+	else if (!strcmp(program_name, "mke4fs"))
+		ext_type = "ext4";
+	else if (progname) {
+		ext_type = strrchr(progname, '/');
+		if (ext_type)
+			ext_type++;
+		else
+			ext_type = progname;
+
+		if (!strncmp(ext_type, "mkfs.", 5)) {
+			ext_type += 5;
+			if (ext_type[0] == 0)
+				ext_type = 0;
+		} else
+			ext_type = 0;
+	}
+
+	if (!ext_type) {
+		profile_get_string(profile, "defaults", "fs_type", 0,
+				   "ext2", &profile_type);
+		ext_type = profile_type;
+		if (!strcmp(ext_type, "ext2") && (journal_size != 0))
+			ext_type = "ext3";
+	}
+
+
+	if (!profile_has_subsection(profile, "fs_types", ext_type) &&
+	    strcmp(ext_type, "ext2")) {
+		printf(_("\nYour mke2fs.conf file does not define the "
+			 "%s filesystem type.\n"), ext_type);
+		if (!strcmp(ext_type, "ext3") || !strcmp(ext_type, "ext4") ||
+		    !strcmp(ext_type, "ext4dev")) {
+			printf("%s", _("You probably need to install an "
+				       "updated mke2fs.conf file.\n\n"));
+		}
+		if (!force) {
+			printf("%s", _("Aborting...\n"));
+			exit(1);
+		}
+	}
+
+	meg = (1024 * 1024) / EXT2_BLOCK_SIZE(sb);
+	if (fs_blocks_count < 3 * meg)
+		size_type = "floppy";
+	else if (fs_blocks_count < 512 * meg)
+		size_type = "small";
+	else if (fs_blocks_count < 4 * 1024 * 1024 * meg)
+		size_type = "default";
+	else if (fs_blocks_count < 16 * 1024 * 1024 * meg)
+		size_type = "big";
+	else
+		size_type = "huge";
+
+	if (!usage_types)
+		usage_types = size_type;
+
+	parse_str = malloc(strlen(usage_types)+1);
+	if (!parse_str) {
+		free(profile_type);
+		free(list.list);
+		return 0;
+	}
+	strcpy(parse_str, usage_types);
+
+	if (ext_type)
+		push_string(&list, ext_type);
+	cp = parse_str;
+	while (1) {
+		t = strchr(cp, ',');
+		if (t)
+			*t = '\0';
+
+		if (*cp) {
+			if (profile_has_subsection(profile, "fs_types", cp))
+				push_string(&list, cp);
+			else if (strcmp(cp, "default") != 0)
+				fprintf(stderr,
+					_("\nWarning: the fs_type %s is not "
+					  "defined in mke2fs.conf\n\n"),
+					cp);
+		}
+		if (t)
+			cp = t+1;
+		else
+			break;
+	}
+	free(parse_str);
+	free(profile_type);
+	if (is_hurd)
+		push_string(&list, "hurd");
+	return (list.list);
+}
+
+char *get_string_from_profile(char **types, const char *opt,
+				     const char *def_val)
+{
+	char *ret = 0;
+	int i;
+
+	for (i=0; types[i]; i++);
+	for (i-=1; i >=0 ; i--) {
+		profile_get_string(profile, "fs_types", types[i],
+				   opt, 0, &ret);
+		if (ret)
+			return ret;
+	}
+	profile_get_string(profile, "defaults", opt, 0, def_val, &ret);
+	return (ret);
+}
+
+int get_int_from_profile(char **types, const char *opt, int def_val)
+{
+	int ret;
+	char **cpp;
+
+	profile_get_integer(profile, "defaults", opt, 0, def_val, &ret);
+	for (cpp = types; *cpp; cpp++)
+		profile_get_integer(profile, "fs_types", *cpp, opt, ret, &ret);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static unsigned int get_uint_from_profile(char **types, const char *opt,
+					unsigned int def_val)
+{
+	unsigned int ret;
+	char **cpp;
+
+	profile_get_uint(profile, "defaults", opt, 0, def_val, &ret);
+	for (cpp = types; *cpp; cpp++)
+		profile_get_uint(profile, "fs_types", *cpp, opt, ret, &ret);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static double get_double_from_profile(char **types, const char *opt,
+				      double def_val)
+{
+	double ret;
+	char **cpp;
+
+	profile_get_double(profile, "defaults", opt, 0, def_val, &ret);
+	for (cpp = types; *cpp; cpp++)
+		profile_get_double(profile, "fs_types", *cpp, opt, ret, &ret);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+int get_bool_from_profile(char **types, const char *opt, int def_val)
+{
+	int ret;
+	char **cpp;
+
+	profile_get_boolean(profile, "defaults", opt, 0, def_val, &ret);
+	for (cpp = types; *cpp; cpp++)
+		profile_get_boolean(profile, "fs_types", *cpp, opt, ret, &ret);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+extern const char *mke2fs_default_profile;
+static const char *default_files[] = { "<default>", 0 };
+
+struct device_param {
+	unsigned long min_io;		/* preferred minimum IO size */
+	unsigned long opt_io;		/* optimal IO size */
+	unsigned long alignment_offset;	/* alignment offset wrt physical block size */
+	unsigned int dax:1;		/* supports dax? */
+};
+
+#ifdef HAVE_BLKID_PROBE_GET_TOPOLOGY
+/*
+ * Sets the geometry of a device (stripe/stride), and returns the
+ * device's alignment offset, if any, or a negative error.
+ */
+static int get_device_geometry(const char *file,
+			       unsigned int blocksize,
+			       unsigned int psector_size,
+			       struct device_param *dev_param)
+{
+	int rc = -1;
+	blkid_probe pr;
+	blkid_topology tp;
+	struct stat statbuf;
+
+	memset(dev_param, 0, sizeof(*dev_param));
+
+	/* Nothing to do for a regular file */
+	if (!stat(file, &statbuf) && S_ISREG(statbuf.st_mode))
+		return 0;
+
+	pr = blkid_new_probe_from_filename(file);
+	if (!pr)
+		goto out;
+
+	tp = blkid_probe_get_topology(pr);
+	if (!tp)
+		goto out;
+
+	dev_param->min_io = blkid_topology_get_minimum_io_size(tp);
+	dev_param->opt_io = blkid_topology_get_optimal_io_size(tp);
+	if ((dev_param->min_io == 0) && (psector_size > blocksize))
+		dev_param->min_io = psector_size;
+	if ((dev_param->opt_io == 0) && dev_param->min_io > 0)
+		dev_param->opt_io = dev_param->min_io;
+	if ((dev_param->opt_io == 0) && (psector_size > blocksize))
+		dev_param->opt_io = psector_size;
+
+	dev_param->alignment_offset = blkid_topology_get_alignment_offset(tp);
+#ifdef HAVE_BLKID_TOPOLOGY_GET_DAX
+	dev_param->dax = blkid_topology_get_dax(tp);
+#endif
+	rc = 0;
+out:
+	blkid_free_probe(pr);
+	return rc;
+}
+#endif
+
+static void PRS(int argc, char *argv[])
+{
+	int		b, c, flags;
+	int		cluster_size = 0;
+	char 		*tmp, **cpp;
+	int		explicit_fssize = 0;
+	int		blocksize = 0;
+	int		inode_ratio = 0;
+	int		inode_size = 0;
+	unsigned long	flex_bg_size = 0;
+	double		reserved_ratio = -1.0;
+	int		lsector_size = 0, psector_size = 0;
+	int		show_version_only = 0, is_device = 0;
+	unsigned long long num_inodes = 0; /* unsigned long long to catch too-large input */
+	int		default_orphan_file = 0;
+	int		default_csum_seed = 0;
+	errcode_t	retval;
+	char *		oldpath = getenv("PATH");
+	char *		extended_opts = 0;
+	char *		fs_type = 0;
+	char *		usage_types = 0;
+	/*
+	 * NOTE: A few words about fs_blocks_count and blocksize:
+	 *
+	 * Initially, blocksize is set to zero, which implies 1024.
+	 * If -b is specified, blocksize is updated to the user's value.
+	 *
+	 * Next, the device size or the user's "blocks" command line argument
+	 * is used to set fs_blocks_count; the units are blocksize.
+	 *
+	 * Later, if blocksize hasn't been set and the profile specifies a
+	 * blocksize, then blocksize is updated and fs_blocks_count is scaled
+	 * appropriately.  Note the change in units!
+	 *
+	 * Finally, we complain about fs_blocks_count > 2^32 on a non-64bit fs.
+	 */
+	blk64_t		fs_blocks_count = 0;
+	int		s_opt = -1, r_opt = -1;
+	char		*fs_features = 0;
+	int		fs_features_size = 0;
+	int		use_bsize;
+	char		*newpath;
+	int		pathlen = sizeof(PATH_SET) + 1;
+#ifdef HAVE_BLKID_PROBE_GET_TOPOLOGY
+	struct device_param dev_param;
+#endif
+
+	if (oldpath)
+		pathlen += strlen(oldpath);
+	newpath = malloc(pathlen);
+	if (!newpath) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "%s",
+			_("Couldn't allocate memory for new PATH.\n"));
+		exit(1);
+	}
+	strcpy(newpath, PATH_SET);
+
+	/* Update our PATH to include /sbin  */
+	if (oldpath) {
+		strcat (newpath, ":");
+		strcat (newpath, oldpath);
+	}
+	putenv (newpath);
+
+	/* Determine the system page size if possible */
+#ifdef HAVE_SYSCONF
+#if (!defined(_SC_PAGESIZE) && defined(_SC_PAGE_SIZE))
+#define _SC_PAGESIZE _SC_PAGE_SIZE
+#endif
+#ifdef _SC_PAGESIZE
+	{
+		long sysval = sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE);
+
+		if (sysval > 0)
+			sys_page_size = sysval;
+	}
+#endif /* _SC_PAGESIZE */
+#endif /* HAVE_SYSCONF */
+
+	if ((tmp = getenv("MKE2FS_CONFIG")) != NULL)
+		config_fn[0] = tmp;
+	profile_set_syntax_err_cb(syntax_err_report);
+	retval = profile_init(config_fn, &profile);
+	if (retval == ENOENT) {
+		retval = profile_init(default_files, &profile);
+		if (retval)
+			goto profile_error;
+		retval = profile_set_default(profile, mke2fs_default_profile);
+		if (retval)
+			goto profile_error;
+	} else if (retval) {
+profile_error:
+		fprintf(stderr, _("Couldn't init profile successfully"
+				  " (error: %ld).\n"), retval);
+		exit(1);
+	}
+
+	setbuf(stdout, NULL);
+	setbuf(stderr, NULL);
+	add_error_table(&et_ext2_error_table);
+	add_error_table(&et_prof_error_table);
+	memset(&fs_param, 0, sizeof(struct ext2_super_block));
+	fs_param.s_rev_level = 1;  /* Create revision 1 filesystems now */
+
+	if (is_before_linux_ver(2, 2, 0))
+		fs_param.s_rev_level = 0;
+
+	if (argc && *argv) {
+		program_name = get_progname(*argv);
+
+		/* If called as mkfs.ext3, create a journal inode */
+		if (!strcmp(program_name, "mkfs.ext3") ||
+		    !strcmp(program_name, "mke3fs"))
+			journal_size = -1;
+	}
+
+	while ((c = getopt (argc, argv,
+		    "b:cd:e:g:i:jl:m:no:qr:s:t:vC:DE:FG:I:J:KL:M:N:O:R:ST:U:Vz:")) != EOF) {
+		switch (c) {
+		case 'b':
+			blocksize = parse_num_blocks2(optarg, -1);
+			b = (blocksize > 0) ? blocksize : -blocksize;
+			if (b < EXT2_MIN_BLOCK_SIZE ||
+			    b > EXT2_MAX_BLOCK_SIZE) {
+				com_err(program_name, 0,
+					_("invalid block size - %s"), optarg);
+				exit(1);
+			}
+			if (blocksize > 4096)
+				fprintf(stderr, _("Warning: blocksize %d not "
+						  "usable on most systems.\n"),
+					blocksize);
+			if (blocksize > 0)
+				fs_param.s_log_block_size =
+					int_log2(blocksize >>
+						 EXT2_MIN_BLOCK_LOG_SIZE);
+			break;
+		case 'c':	/* Check for bad blocks */
+			cflag++;
+			break;
+		case 'C':
+			cluster_size = parse_num_blocks2(optarg, -1);
+			if (cluster_size <= EXT2_MIN_CLUSTER_SIZE ||
+			    cluster_size > EXT2_MAX_CLUSTER_SIZE) {
+				com_err(program_name, 0,
+					_("invalid cluster size - %s"),
+					optarg);
+				exit(1);
+			}
+			break;
+		case 'd':
+			src_root_dir = optarg;
+			break;
+		case 'D':
+			direct_io = 1;
+			break;
+		case 'R':
+			com_err(program_name, 0, "%s",
+				_("'-R' is deprecated, use '-E' instead"));
+			/* fallthrough */
+		case 'E':
+			extended_opts = optarg;
+			break;
+		case 'e':
+			if (strcmp(optarg, "continue") == 0)
+				errors_behavior = EXT2_ERRORS_CONTINUE;
+			else if (strcmp(optarg, "remount-ro") == 0)
+				errors_behavior = EXT2_ERRORS_RO;
+			else if (strcmp(optarg, "panic") == 0)
+				errors_behavior = EXT2_ERRORS_PANIC;
+			else {
+				com_err(program_name, 0,
+					_("bad error behavior - %s"),
+					optarg);
+				usage();
+			}
+			break;
+		case 'F':
+			force++;
+			break;
+		case 'g':
+			fs_param.s_blocks_per_group = strtoul(optarg, &tmp, 0);
+			if (*tmp) {
+				com_err(program_name, 0, "%s",
+				_("Illegal number for blocks per group"));
+				exit(1);
+			}
+			if ((fs_param.s_blocks_per_group % 8) != 0) {
+				com_err(program_name, 0, "%s",
+				_("blocks per group must be multiple of 8"));
+				exit(1);
+			}
+			break;
+		case 'G':
+			flex_bg_size = strtoul(optarg, &tmp, 0);
+			if (*tmp) {
+				com_err(program_name, 0, "%s",
+					_("Illegal number for flex_bg size"));
+				exit(1);
+			}
+			if (flex_bg_size < 1 ||
+			    (flex_bg_size & (flex_bg_size-1)) != 0) {
+				com_err(program_name, 0, "%s",
+					_("flex_bg size must be a power of 2"));
+				exit(1);
+			}
+			if (flex_bg_size > MAX_32_NUM) {
+				com_err(program_name, 0,
+				_("flex_bg size (%lu) must be less than"
+				" or equal to 2^31"), flex_bg_size);
+				exit(1);
+			}
+			break;
+		case 'i':
+			inode_ratio = parse_num_blocks(optarg, -1);
+			if (inode_ratio < EXT2_MIN_BLOCK_SIZE ||
+			    inode_ratio > EXT2_MAX_BLOCK_SIZE * 1024) {
+				com_err(program_name, 0,
+					_("invalid inode ratio %s (min %d/max %d)"),
+					optarg, EXT2_MIN_BLOCK_SIZE,
+					EXT2_MAX_BLOCK_SIZE * 1024);
+				exit(1);
+			}
+			break;
+		case 'I':
+			inode_size = strtoul(optarg, &tmp, 0);
+			if (*tmp) {
+				com_err(program_name, 0,
+					_("invalid inode size - %s"), optarg);
+				exit(1);
+			}
+			break;
+		case 'j':
+			if (!journal_size)
+				journal_size = -1;
+			if (!journal_fc_size)
+				journal_fc_size = -1;
+			break;
+		case 'J':
+			parse_journal_opts(optarg);
+			break;
+		case 'K':
+			fprintf(stderr, "%s",
+				_("Warning: -K option is deprecated and "
+				  "should not be used anymore. Use "
+				  "\'-E nodiscard\' extended option "
+				  "instead!\n"));
+			discard = 0;
+			break;
+		case 'l':
+			bad_blocks_filename = realloc(bad_blocks_filename,
+						      strlen(optarg) + 1);
+			if (!bad_blocks_filename) {
+				com_err(program_name, ENOMEM, "%s",
+					_("in malloc for bad_blocks_filename"));
+				exit(1);
+			}
+			strcpy(bad_blocks_filename, optarg);
+			break;
+		case 'L':
+			volume_label = optarg;
+			if (strlen(volume_label) > EXT2_LABEL_LEN) {
+				volume_label[EXT2_LABEL_LEN] = '\0';
+				fprintf(stderr, _("Warning: label too long; will be truncated to '%s'\n\n"),
+					volume_label);
+			}
+			break;
+		case 'm':
+			reserved_ratio = strtod(optarg, &tmp);
+			if ( *tmp || reserved_ratio > 50 ||
+			     reserved_ratio < 0) {
+				com_err(program_name, 0,
+					_("invalid reserved blocks percent - %s"),
+					optarg);
+				exit(1);
+			}
+			break;
+		case 'M':
+			mount_dir = optarg;
+			break;
+		case 'n':
+			noaction++;
+			break;
+		case 'N':
+			num_inodes = strtoul(optarg, &tmp, 0);
+			if (*tmp) {
+				com_err(program_name, 0,
+					_("bad num inodes - %s"), optarg);
+					exit(1);
+			}
+			break;
+		case 'o':
+			creator_os = optarg;
+			break;
+		case 'O':
+			retval = ext2fs_resize_mem(fs_features_size,
+				   fs_features_size + 1 + strlen(optarg),
+						   &fs_features);
+			if (retval) {
+				com_err(program_name, retval,
+				     _("while allocating fs_feature string"));
+				exit(1);
+			}
+			if (fs_features_size)
+				strcat(fs_features, ",");
+			else
+				fs_features[0] = 0;
+			strcat(fs_features, optarg);
+			fs_features_size += 1 + strlen(optarg);
+			break;
+		case 'q':
+			quiet = 1;
+			break;
+		case 'r':
+			r_opt = strtoul(optarg, &tmp, 0);
+			if (*tmp) {
+				com_err(program_name, 0,
+					_("bad revision level - %s"), optarg);
+				exit(1);
+			}
+			if (r_opt > EXT2_MAX_SUPP_REV) {
+				com_err(program_name, EXT2_ET_REV_TOO_HIGH,
+					_("while trying to create revision %d"), r_opt);
+				exit(1);
+			}
+			fs_param.s_rev_level = r_opt;
+			break;
+		case 's':	/* deprecated */
+			s_opt = atoi(optarg);
+			break;
+		case 'S':
+			super_only = 1;
+			break;
+		case 't':
+			if (fs_type) {
+				com_err(program_name, 0, "%s",
+				    _("The -t option may only be used once"));
+				exit(1);
+			}
+			fs_type = strdup(optarg);
+			break;
+		case 'T':
+			if (usage_types) {
+				com_err(program_name, 0, "%s",
+				    _("The -T option may only be used once"));
+				exit(1);
+			}
+			usage_types = strdup(optarg);
+			break;
+		case 'U':
+			fs_uuid = optarg;
+			break;
+		case 'v':
+			verbose = 1;
+			break;
+		case 'V':
+			/* Print version number and exit */
+			show_version_only++;
+			break;
+		case 'z':
+			undo_file = optarg;
+			break;
+		default:
+			usage();
+		}
+	}
+	if ((optind == argc) && !show_version_only)
+		usage();
+	device_name = argv[optind++];
+
+	if (!quiet || show_version_only)
+		fprintf (stderr, "mke2fs %s (%s)\n", E2FSPROGS_VERSION,
+			 E2FSPROGS_DATE);
+
+	if (show_version_only) {
+		fprintf(stderr, _("\tUsing %s\n"),
+			error_message(EXT2_ET_BASE));
+		exit(0);
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * If there's no blocksize specified and there is a journal
+	 * device, use it to figure out the blocksize
+	 */
+	if (blocksize <= 0 && journal_device) {
+		ext2_filsys	jfs;
+		io_manager	io_ptr;
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_TESTIO_DEBUG
+		if (getenv("TEST_IO_FLAGS") || getenv("TEST_IO_BLOCK")) {
+			io_ptr = test_io_manager;
+			test_io_backing_manager = default_io_manager;
+		} else
+#endif
+			io_ptr = default_io_manager;
+		retval = ext2fs_open(journal_device,
+				     EXT2_FLAG_JOURNAL_DEV_OK, 0,
+				     0, io_ptr, &jfs);
+		if (retval) {
+			com_err(program_name, retval,
+				_("while trying to open journal device %s\n"),
+				journal_device);
+			exit(1);
+		}
+		if ((blocksize < 0) && (jfs->blocksize < (unsigned) (-blocksize))) {
+			com_err(program_name, 0,
+				_("Journal dev blocksize (%d) smaller than "
+				  "minimum blocksize %d\n"), jfs->blocksize,
+				-blocksize);
+			exit(1);
+		}
+		blocksize = jfs->blocksize;
+		printf(_("Using journal device's blocksize: %d\n"), blocksize);
+		fs_param.s_log_block_size =
+			int_log2(blocksize >> EXT2_MIN_BLOCK_LOG_SIZE);
+		ext2fs_close_free(&jfs);
+	}
+
+	if (optind < argc) {
+		fs_blocks_count = parse_num_blocks2(argv[optind++],
+						   fs_param.s_log_block_size);
+		if (!fs_blocks_count) {
+			com_err(program_name, 0,
+				_("invalid blocks '%s' on device '%s'"),
+				argv[optind - 1], device_name);
+			exit(1);
+		}
+	}
+	if (optind < argc)
+		usage();
+
+	profile_get_integer(profile, "options", "sync_kludge", 0, 0,
+			    &sync_kludge);
+	tmp = getenv("MKE2FS_SYNC");
+	if (tmp)
+		sync_kludge = atoi(tmp);
+
+	profile_get_integer(profile, "options", "proceed_delay", 0, 0,
+			    &proceed_delay);
+
+	if (fs_blocks_count)
+		explicit_fssize = 1;
+
+	check_mount(device_name, force, _("filesystem"));
+
+	/* Determine the size of the device (if possible) */
+	if (noaction && fs_blocks_count) {
+		dev_size = fs_blocks_count;
+		retval = 0;
+	} else
+		retval = ext2fs_get_device_size2(device_name,
+						 EXT2_BLOCK_SIZE(&fs_param),
+						 &dev_size);
+	if (retval == ENOENT) {
+		int fd;
+
+		if (!explicit_fssize) {
+			fprintf(stderr,
+				_("The file %s does not exist and no "
+				  "size was specified.\n"), device_name);
+			exit(1);
+		}
+		fd = ext2fs_open_file(device_name,
+				      O_CREAT | O_WRONLY, 0666);
+		if (fd < 0) {
+			retval = errno;
+		} else {
+			dev_size = 0;
+			retval = 0;
+			close(fd);
+			printf(_("Creating regular file %s\n"), device_name);
+		}
+	}
+	if (retval && (retval != EXT2_ET_UNIMPLEMENTED)) {
+		com_err(program_name, retval, "%s",
+			_("while trying to determine filesystem size"));
+		exit(1);
+	}
+	if (!fs_blocks_count) {
+		if (retval == EXT2_ET_UNIMPLEMENTED) {
+			com_err(program_name, 0, "%s",
+				_("Couldn't determine device size; you "
+				"must specify\nthe size of the "
+				"filesystem\n"));
+			exit(1);
+		} else {
+			if (dev_size == 0) {
+				com_err(program_name, 0, "%s",
+				_("Device size reported to be zero.  "
+				  "Invalid partition specified, or\n\t"
+				  "partition table wasn't reread "
+				  "after running fdisk, due to\n\t"
+				  "a modified partition being busy "
+				  "and in use.  You may need to reboot\n\t"
+				  "to re-read your partition table.\n"
+				  ));
+				exit(1);
+			}
+			fs_blocks_count = dev_size;
+			if (sys_page_size > EXT2_BLOCK_SIZE(&fs_param))
+				fs_blocks_count &= ~((blk64_t) ((sys_page_size /
+					     EXT2_BLOCK_SIZE(&fs_param))-1));
+		}
+	} else if (!force && is_device && (fs_blocks_count > dev_size)) {
+		com_err(program_name, 0, "%s",
+			_("Filesystem larger than apparent device size."));
+		proceed_question(proceed_delay);
+	}
+
+	if (!fs_type)
+		profile_get_string(profile, "devices", device_name,
+				   "fs_type", 0, &fs_type);
+	if (!usage_types)
+		profile_get_string(profile, "devices", device_name,
+				   "usage_types", 0, &usage_types);
+	if (!creator_os)
+		profile_get_string(profile, "defaults", "creator_os", 0,
+				   0, &creator_os);
+
+	/*
+	 * We have the file system (or device) size, so we can now
+	 * determine the appropriate file system types so the fs can
+	 * be appropriately configured.
+	 */
+	fs_types = parse_fs_type(fs_type, usage_types, &fs_param,
+				 fs_blocks_count ? fs_blocks_count : dev_size,
+				 argv[0]);
+	if (!fs_types) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "%s", _("Failed to parse fs types list\n"));
+		exit(1);
+	}
+
+	/* Figure out what features should be enabled */
+
+	tmp = NULL;
+	if (fs_param.s_rev_level != EXT2_GOOD_OLD_REV) {
+		tmp = get_string_from_profile(fs_types, "base_features",
+		      "sparse_super,large_file,filetype,resize_inode,dir_index");
+		edit_feature(tmp, &fs_param.s_feature_compat);
+		free(tmp);
+
+		/* And which mount options as well */
+		tmp = get_string_from_profile(fs_types, "default_mntopts",
+					      "acl,user_xattr");
+		edit_mntopts(tmp, &fs_param.s_default_mount_opts);
+		if (tmp)
+			free(tmp);
+
+		for (cpp = fs_types; *cpp; cpp++) {
+			tmp = NULL;
+			profile_get_string(profile, "fs_types", *cpp,
+					   "features", "", &tmp);
+			if (tmp && *tmp)
+				edit_feature(tmp, &fs_param.s_feature_compat);
+			if (tmp)
+				free(tmp);
+		}
+		tmp = get_string_from_profile(fs_types, "default_features",
+					      "");
+	}
+	/* Mask off features which aren't supported by the Hurd */
+	if (for_hurd(creator_os)) {
+		ext2fs_clear_feature_filetype(&fs_param);
+		ext2fs_clear_feature_huge_file(&fs_param);
+		ext2fs_clear_feature_metadata_csum(&fs_param);
+		ext2fs_clear_feature_ea_inode(&fs_param);
+		ext2fs_clear_feature_casefold(&fs_param);
+	}
+	if (!fs_features && tmp)
+		edit_feature(tmp, &fs_param.s_feature_compat);
+	/*
+	 * Now all the defaults are incorporated in fs_param. Check the state
+	 * of orphan_file feature so that we know whether we should silently
+	 * disabled in case journal gets disabled.
+	 */
+	if (ext2fs_has_feature_orphan_file(&fs_param))
+		default_orphan_file = 1;
+	if (ext2fs_has_feature_csum_seed(&fs_param))
+		default_csum_seed = 1;
+	if (fs_features)
+		edit_feature(fs_features, &fs_param.s_feature_compat);
+	/* Silently disable orphan_file if user chose fs without journal */
+	if (default_orphan_file && !ext2fs_has_feature_journal(&fs_param))
+		ext2fs_clear_feature_orphan_file(&fs_param);
+	if (default_csum_seed && !ext2fs_has_feature_metadata_csum(&fs_param))
+		ext2fs_clear_feature_csum_seed(&fs_param);
+	if (tmp)
+		free(tmp);
+	(void) ext2fs_free_mem(&fs_features);
+	/*
+	 * If the user specified features incompatible with the Hurd, complain
+	 */
+	if (for_hurd(creator_os)) {
+		if (ext2fs_has_feature_filetype(&fs_param)) {
+			fprintf(stderr, "%s", _("The HURD does not support the "
+						"filetype feature.\n"));
+			exit(1);
+		}
+		if (ext2fs_has_feature_huge_file(&fs_param)) {
+			fprintf(stderr, "%s", _("The HURD does not support the "
+						"huge_file feature.\n"));
+			exit(1);
+		}
+		if (ext2fs_has_feature_metadata_csum(&fs_param)) {
+			fprintf(stderr, "%s", _("The HURD does not support the "
+						"metadata_csum feature.\n"));
+			exit(1);
+		}
+		if (ext2fs_has_feature_ea_inode(&fs_param)) {
+			fprintf(stderr, "%s", _("The HURD does not support the "
+						"ea_inode feature.\n"));
+			exit(1);
+		}
+	}
+
+	/* Get the hardware sector sizes, if available */
+	retval = ext2fs_get_device_sectsize(device_name, &lsector_size);
+	if (retval) {
+		com_err(program_name, retval, "%s",
+			_("while trying to determine hardware sector size"));
+		exit(1);
+	}
+	retval = ext2fs_get_device_phys_sectsize(device_name, &psector_size);
+	if (retval) {
+		com_err(program_name, retval, "%s",
+			_("while trying to determine physical sector size"));
+		exit(1);
+	}
+
+	tmp = getenv("MKE2FS_DEVICE_SECTSIZE");
+	if (tmp != NULL)
+		lsector_size = atoi(tmp);
+	tmp = getenv("MKE2FS_DEVICE_PHYS_SECTSIZE");
+	if (tmp != NULL)
+		psector_size = atoi(tmp);
+
+	/* Older kernels may not have physical/logical distinction */
+	if (!psector_size)
+		psector_size = lsector_size;
+
+	if (blocksize <= 0) {
+		use_bsize = get_int_from_profile(fs_types, "blocksize", 4096);
+
+		if (use_bsize == -1) {
+			use_bsize = sys_page_size;
+			if (is_before_linux_ver(2, 6, 0) && use_bsize > 4096)
+				use_bsize = 4096;
+		}
+		if (lsector_size && use_bsize < lsector_size)
+			use_bsize = lsector_size;
+		if ((blocksize < 0) && (use_bsize < (-blocksize)))
+			use_bsize = -blocksize;
+		blocksize = use_bsize;
+		fs_blocks_count /= (blocksize / 1024);
+	} else {
+		if (blocksize < lsector_size) {			/* Impossible */
+			com_err(program_name, EINVAL, "%s",
+				_("while setting blocksize; too small "
+				  "for device\n"));
+			exit(1);
+		} else if ((blocksize < psector_size) &&
+			   (psector_size <= sys_page_size)) {	/* Suboptimal */
+			fprintf(stderr, _("Warning: specified blocksize %d is "
+				"less than device physical sectorsize %d\n"),
+				blocksize, psector_size);
+		}
+	}
+
+	fs_param.s_log_block_size =
+		int_log2(blocksize >> EXT2_MIN_BLOCK_LOG_SIZE);
+
+	/*
+	 * We now need to do a sanity check of fs_blocks_count for
+	 * 32-bit vs 64-bit block number support.
+	 */
+	if ((fs_blocks_count > MAX_32_NUM) &&
+	    ext2fs_has_feature_64bit(&fs_param))
+		ext2fs_clear_feature_resize_inode(&fs_param);
+	if ((fs_blocks_count > MAX_32_NUM) &&
+	    !ext2fs_has_feature_64bit(&fs_param) &&
+	    get_bool_from_profile(fs_types, "auto_64-bit_support", 0)) {
+		ext2fs_set_feature_64bit(&fs_param);
+		ext2fs_clear_feature_resize_inode(&fs_param);
+	}
+	if ((fs_blocks_count > MAX_32_NUM) &&
+	    !ext2fs_has_feature_64bit(&fs_param)) {
+		fprintf(stderr, _("%s: Size of device (0x%llx blocks) %s "
+				  "too big to be expressed\n\t"
+				  "in 32 bits using a blocksize of %d.\n"),
+			program_name, (unsigned long long) fs_blocks_count,
+			device_name, EXT2_BLOCK_SIZE(&fs_param));
+		exit(1);
+	}
+	/*
+	 * Guard against group descriptor count overflowing... Mostly to avoid
+	 * strange results for absurdly large devices.  This is in log2:
+	 * (blocksize) * (bits per byte) * (maximum number of block groups)
+	 */
+	if (fs_blocks_count >
+	    (1ULL << (EXT2_BLOCK_SIZE_BITS(&fs_param) + 3 + 32)) - 1) {
+		fprintf(stderr, _("%s: Size of device (0x%llx blocks) %s "
+				  "too big to create\n\t"
+				  "a filesystem using a blocksize of %d.\n"),
+			program_name, (unsigned long long) fs_blocks_count,
+			device_name, EXT2_BLOCK_SIZE(&fs_param));
+		exit(1);
+	}
+
+	ext2fs_blocks_count_set(&fs_param, fs_blocks_count);
+
+	if (ext2fs_has_feature_journal_dev(&fs_param)) {
+		int i;
+
+		for (i=0; fs_types[i]; i++) {
+			free(fs_types[i]);
+			fs_types[i] = 0;
+		}
+		fs_types[0] = strdup("journal");
+		fs_types[1] = 0;
+	}
+
+	if (verbose) {
+		fputs(_("fs_types for mke2fs.conf resolution: "), stdout);
+		print_str_list(fs_types);
+	}
+
+	if (r_opt == EXT2_GOOD_OLD_REV &&
+	    (fs_param.s_feature_compat || fs_param.s_feature_incompat ||
+	     fs_param.s_feature_ro_compat)) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "%s", _("Filesystem features not supported "
+					"with revision 0 filesystems\n"));
+		exit(1);
+	}
+
+	if (s_opt > 0) {
+		if (r_opt == EXT2_GOOD_OLD_REV) {
+			fprintf(stderr, "%s",
+				_("Sparse superblocks not supported "
+				  "with revision 0 filesystems\n"));
+			exit(1);
+		}
+		ext2fs_set_feature_sparse_super(&fs_param);
+	} else if (s_opt == 0)
+		ext2fs_clear_feature_sparse_super(&fs_param);
+
+	if (journal_size != 0) {
+		if (r_opt == EXT2_GOOD_OLD_REV) {
+			fprintf(stderr, "%s", _("Journals not supported with "
+						"revision 0 filesystems\n"));
+			exit(1);
+		}
+		ext2fs_set_feature_journal(&fs_param);
+	}
+
+	/* Get reserved_ratio from profile if not specified on cmd line. */
+	if (reserved_ratio < 0.0) {
+		reserved_ratio = get_double_from_profile(
+					fs_types, "reserved_ratio", 5.0);
+		if (reserved_ratio > 50 || reserved_ratio < 0) {
+			com_err(program_name, 0,
+				_("invalid reserved blocks percent - %lf"),
+				reserved_ratio);
+			exit(1);
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (ext2fs_has_feature_journal_dev(&fs_param)) {
+		reserved_ratio = 0;
+		fs_param.s_feature_incompat = EXT3_FEATURE_INCOMPAT_JOURNAL_DEV;
+		fs_param.s_feature_compat = 0;
+		fs_param.s_feature_ro_compat &=
+					EXT4_FEATURE_RO_COMPAT_METADATA_CSUM;
+ 	}
+
+	/* Check the user's mkfs options for 64bit */
+	if (ext2fs_has_feature_64bit(&fs_param) &&
+	    !ext2fs_has_feature_extents(&fs_param)) {
+		printf("%s", _("Extents MUST be enabled for a 64-bit "
+			       "filesystem.  Pass -O extents to rectify.\n"));
+		exit(1);
+	}
+
+	/* Set first meta blockgroup via an environment variable */
+	/* (this is mostly for debugging purposes) */
+	if (ext2fs_has_feature_meta_bg(&fs_param) &&
+	    (tmp = getenv("MKE2FS_FIRST_META_BG")))
+		fs_param.s_first_meta_bg = atoi(tmp);
+	if (ext2fs_has_feature_bigalloc(&fs_param)) {
+		if (!cluster_size)
+			cluster_size = get_int_from_profile(fs_types,
+							    "cluster_size",
+							    blocksize*16);
+		fs_param.s_log_cluster_size =
+			int_log2(cluster_size >> EXT2_MIN_CLUSTER_LOG_SIZE);
+		if (fs_param.s_log_cluster_size &&
+		    fs_param.s_log_cluster_size < fs_param.s_log_block_size) {
+			com_err(program_name, 0, "%s",
+				_("The cluster size may not be "
+				  "smaller than the block size.\n"));
+			exit(1);
+		}
+	} else if (cluster_size) {
+		com_err(program_name, 0, "%s",
+			_("specifying a cluster size requires the "
+			  "bigalloc feature"));
+		exit(1);
+	} else
+		fs_param.s_log_cluster_size = fs_param.s_log_block_size;
+
+	if (inode_ratio == 0) {
+		inode_ratio = get_int_from_profile(fs_types, "inode_ratio",
+						   8192);
+		if (inode_ratio < blocksize)
+			inode_ratio = blocksize;
+		if (inode_ratio < EXT2_CLUSTER_SIZE(&fs_param))
+			inode_ratio = EXT2_CLUSTER_SIZE(&fs_param);
+	}
+
+#ifdef HAVE_BLKID_PROBE_GET_TOPOLOGY
+	retval = get_device_geometry(device_name, blocksize,
+				     psector_size, &dev_param);
+	if (retval < 0) {
+		fprintf(stderr,
+			_("warning: Unable to get device geometry for %s\n"),
+			device_name);
+	} else {
+		/* setting stripe/stride to blocksize is pointless */
+		if (dev_param.min_io > (unsigned) blocksize)
+			fs_param.s_raid_stride = dev_param.min_io / blocksize;
+		if (dev_param.opt_io > (unsigned) blocksize) {
+			fs_param.s_raid_stripe_width =
+						dev_param.opt_io / blocksize;
+		}
+
+		if (dev_param.alignment_offset) {
+			printf(_("%s alignment is offset by %lu bytes.\n"),
+			       device_name, dev_param.alignment_offset);
+			printf(_("This may result in very poor performance, "
+				  "(re)-partitioning suggested.\n"));
+		}
+
+		if (dev_param.dax && blocksize != sys_page_size) {
+			fprintf(stderr,
+				_("%s is capable of DAX but current block size "
+				  "%u is different from system page size %u so "
+				  "filesystem will not support DAX.\n"),
+				device_name, blocksize, sys_page_size);
+		}
+	}
+#endif
+
+	num_backups = get_int_from_profile(fs_types, "num_backup_sb", 2);
+
+	blocksize = EXT2_BLOCK_SIZE(&fs_param);
+
+	/*
+	 * Initialize s_desc_size so that the parse_extended_opts()
+	 * can correctly handle "-E resize=NNN" if the 64-bit option
+	 * is set.
+	 */
+	if (ext2fs_has_feature_64bit(&fs_param))
+		fs_param.s_desc_size = EXT2_MIN_DESC_SIZE_64BIT;
+
+	/* This check should happen beyond the last assignment to blocksize */
+	if (blocksize > sys_page_size) {
+		if (!force) {
+			com_err(program_name, 0,
+				_("%d-byte blocks too big for system (max %d)"),
+				blocksize, sys_page_size);
+			proceed_question(proceed_delay);
+		}
+		fprintf(stderr, _("Warning: %d-byte blocks too big for system "
+				  "(max %d), forced to continue\n"),
+			blocksize, sys_page_size);
+	}
+
+	/* Metadata checksumming wasn't totally stable before 3.18. */
+	if (is_before_linux_ver(3, 18, 0) &&
+	    ext2fs_has_feature_metadata_csum(&fs_param))
+		fprintf(stderr, _("Suggestion: Use Linux kernel >= 3.18 for "
+			"improved stability of the metadata and journal "
+			"checksum features.\n"));
+
+	/*
+	 * On newer kernels we do have lazy_itable_init support. So pick the
+	 * right default in case ext4 module is not loaded.
+	 */
+	if (is_before_linux_ver(2, 6, 37))
+		lazy_itable_init = 0;
+	else
+		lazy_itable_init = 1;
+
+	if (access("/sys/fs/ext4/features/lazy_itable_init", R_OK) == 0)
+		lazy_itable_init = 1;
+
+	lazy_itable_init = get_bool_from_profile(fs_types,
+						 "lazy_itable_init",
+						 lazy_itable_init);
+	discard = get_bool_from_profile(fs_types, "discard" , discard);
+	journal_flags |= get_bool_from_profile(fs_types,
+					       "lazy_journal_init", 0) ?
+					       EXT2_MKJOURNAL_LAZYINIT : 0;
+	journal_flags |= EXT2_MKJOURNAL_NO_MNT_CHECK;
+
+	if (!journal_location_string)
+		journal_location_string = get_string_from_profile(fs_types,
+						"journal_location", "");
+	if ((journal_location == ~0ULL) && journal_location_string &&
+	    *journal_location_string)
+		journal_location = parse_num_blocks2(journal_location_string,
+						fs_param.s_log_block_size);
+	free(journal_location_string);
+
+	packed_meta_blocks = get_bool_from_profile(fs_types,
+						   "packed_meta_blocks", 0);
+	if (packed_meta_blocks)
+		journal_location = 0;
+
+	if (ext2fs_has_feature_casefold(&fs_param)) {
+		char *ef, *en = get_string_from_profile(fs_types,
+							"encoding", "utf8");
+		int encoding = e2p_str2encoding(en);
+
+		if (encoding < 0) {
+			com_err(program_name, 0,
+				_("Unknown filename encoding from profile: %s"),
+				en);
+			exit(1);
+		}
+		free(en);
+		fs_param.s_encoding = encoding;
+		ef = get_string_from_profile(fs_types, "encoding_flags", NULL);
+		if (ef) {
+			if (e2p_str2encoding_flags(encoding, ef,
+					&fs_param.s_encoding_flags) < 0) {
+				com_err(program_name, 0,
+			_("Unknown encoding flags from profile: %s"), ef);
+				exit(1);
+			}
+			free(ef);
+		} else
+			fs_param.s_encoding_flags =
+				e2p_get_encoding_flags(encoding);
+	}
+
+	/* Get options from profile */
+	for (cpp = fs_types; *cpp; cpp++) {
+		tmp = NULL;
+		profile_get_string(profile, "fs_types", *cpp, "options", "", &tmp);
+			if (tmp && *tmp)
+				parse_extended_opts(&fs_param, tmp);
+			free(tmp);
+	}
+
+	if (extended_opts)
+		parse_extended_opts(&fs_param, extended_opts);
+
+	if (explicit_fssize == 0 && offset > 0) {
+		fs_blocks_count -= offset / EXT2_BLOCK_SIZE(&fs_param);
+		ext2fs_blocks_count_set(&fs_param, fs_blocks_count);
+		fprintf(stderr,
+			_("\nWarning: offset specified without an "
+			  "explicit file system size.\n"
+			  "Creating a file system with %llu blocks "
+			  "but this might\n"
+			  "not be what you want.\n\n"),
+			(unsigned long long) fs_blocks_count);
+	}
+
+	if (quotatype_bits & QUOTA_PRJ_BIT)
+		ext2fs_set_feature_project(&fs_param);
+
+	if (ext2fs_has_feature_project(&fs_param)) {
+		quotatype_bits |= QUOTA_PRJ_BIT;
+		if (inode_size == EXT2_GOOD_OLD_INODE_SIZE) {
+			com_err(program_name, 0,
+				_("%d byte inodes are too small for "
+				  "project quota"),
+				inode_size);
+			exit(1);
+		}
+		if (inode_size == 0) {
+			inode_size = get_int_from_profile(fs_types,
+							  "inode_size", 0);
+			if (inode_size <= EXT2_GOOD_OLD_INODE_SIZE*2)
+				inode_size = EXT2_GOOD_OLD_INODE_SIZE*2;
+		}
+	}
+
+	/* Don't allow user to set both metadata_csum and uninit_bg bits. */
+	if (ext2fs_has_feature_metadata_csum(&fs_param) &&
+	    ext2fs_has_feature_gdt_csum(&fs_param))
+		ext2fs_clear_feature_gdt_csum(&fs_param);
+
+	/* Can't support bigalloc feature without extents feature */
+	if (ext2fs_has_feature_bigalloc(&fs_param) &&
+	    !ext2fs_has_feature_extents(&fs_param)) {
+		com_err(program_name, 0, "%s",
+			_("Can't support bigalloc feature without "
+			  "extents feature"));
+		exit(1);
+	}
+
+	if (ext2fs_has_feature_meta_bg(&fs_param) &&
+	    ext2fs_has_feature_resize_inode(&fs_param)) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "%s", _("The resize_inode and meta_bg "
+					"features are not compatible.\n"
+					"They can not be both enabled "
+					"simultaneously.\n"));
+		exit(1);
+	}
+
+	if (!quiet && ext2fs_has_feature_bigalloc(&fs_param) &&
+	    EXT2_CLUSTER_SIZE(&fs_param) > 16 * EXT2_BLOCK_SIZE(&fs_param))
+		fprintf(stderr, "%s", _("\nWarning: bigalloc file systems "
+				"with a cluster size greater than\n"
+				"16 times the block size is considered "
+				"experimental\n"));
+
+	/*
+	 * Since sparse_super is the default, we would only have a problem
+	 * here if it was explicitly disabled.
+	 */
+	if (ext2fs_has_feature_resize_inode(&fs_param) &&
+	    !ext2fs_has_feature_sparse_super(&fs_param)) {
+		com_err(program_name, 0, "%s",
+			_("reserved online resize blocks not supported "
+			  "on non-sparse filesystem"));
+		exit(1);
+	}
+
+	if (fs_param.s_blocks_per_group) {
+		if (fs_param.s_blocks_per_group < 256 ||
+		    fs_param.s_blocks_per_group > 8 * (unsigned) blocksize) {
+			com_err(program_name, 0, "%s",
+				_("blocks per group count out of range"));
+			exit(1);
+		}
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * If the bigalloc feature is enabled, then the -g option will
+	 * specify the number of clusters per group.
+	 */
+	if (ext2fs_has_feature_bigalloc(&fs_param)) {
+		fs_param.s_clusters_per_group = fs_param.s_blocks_per_group;
+		fs_param.s_blocks_per_group = 0;
+	}
+
+	if (inode_size == 0)
+		inode_size = get_int_from_profile(fs_types, "inode_size", 0);
+	if (!flex_bg_size && ext2fs_has_feature_flex_bg(&fs_param))
+		flex_bg_size = get_uint_from_profile(fs_types,
+						     "flex_bg_size", 16);
+	if (flex_bg_size) {
+		if (!ext2fs_has_feature_flex_bg(&fs_param)) {
+			com_err(program_name, 0, "%s",
+				_("Flex_bg feature not enabled, so "
+				  "flex_bg size may not be specified"));
+			exit(1);
+		}
+		fs_param.s_log_groups_per_flex = int_log2(flex_bg_size);
+	}
+
+	if (inode_size && fs_param.s_rev_level >= EXT2_DYNAMIC_REV) {
+		if (inode_size < EXT2_GOOD_OLD_INODE_SIZE ||
+		    inode_size > EXT2_BLOCK_SIZE(&fs_param) ||
+		    inode_size & (inode_size - 1)) {
+			com_err(program_name, 0,
+				_("invalid inode size %d (min %d/max %d)"),
+				inode_size, EXT2_GOOD_OLD_INODE_SIZE,
+				blocksize);
+			exit(1);
+		}
+		fs_param.s_inode_size = inode_size;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * If inode size is 128 and inline data is enabled, we need
+	 * to notify users that inline data will never be useful.
+	 */
+	if (ext2fs_has_feature_inline_data(&fs_param) &&
+	    fs_param.s_inode_size == EXT2_GOOD_OLD_INODE_SIZE) {
+		com_err(program_name, 0,
+			_("%d byte inodes are too small for inline data; "
+			  "specify larger size"),
+			fs_param.s_inode_size);
+		exit(1);
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Warn the user that filesystems with 128-byte inodes will
+	 * not work properly beyond 2038.  This can be suppressed via
+	 * a boolean in the mke2fs.conf file, and we will disable this
+	 * warning for file systems created for the GNU Hurd.
+	 */
+	if (inode_size == EXT2_GOOD_OLD_INODE_SIZE &&
+	    get_bool_from_profile(fs_types, "warn_y2038_dates", 1))
+		printf(
+_("128-byte inodes cannot handle dates beyond 2038 and are deprecated\n"));
+
+	/* Make sure number of inodes specified will fit in 32 bits */
+	if (num_inodes == 0) {
+		unsigned long long n;
+		n = ext2fs_blocks_count(&fs_param) * blocksize / inode_ratio;
+		if (n > MAX_32_NUM) {
+			if (ext2fs_has_feature_64bit(&fs_param))
+				num_inodes = MAX_32_NUM;
+			else {
+				com_err(program_name, 0,
+					_("too many inodes (%llu), raise "
+					  "inode ratio?"),
+					(unsigned long long) n);
+				exit(1);
+			}
+		}
+	} else if (num_inodes > MAX_32_NUM) {
+		com_err(program_name, 0,
+			_("too many inodes (%llu), specify < 2^32 inodes"),
+			(unsigned long long) num_inodes);
+		exit(1);
+	}
+	/*
+	 * Calculate number of inodes based on the inode ratio
+	 */
+	fs_param.s_inodes_count = num_inodes ? num_inodes :
+		(ext2fs_blocks_count(&fs_param) * blocksize) / inode_ratio;
+
+	if ((((unsigned long long)fs_param.s_inodes_count) *
+	     (inode_size ? inode_size : EXT2_GOOD_OLD_INODE_SIZE)) >=
+	    ((ext2fs_blocks_count(&fs_param)) *
+	     EXT2_BLOCK_SIZE(&fs_param))) {
+		com_err(program_name, 0, _("inode_size (%u) * inodes_count "
+					  "(%u) too big for a\n\t"
+					  "filesystem with %llu blocks, "
+					  "specify higher inode_ratio (-i)\n\t"
+					  "or lower inode count (-N).\n"),
+			inode_size ? inode_size : EXT2_GOOD_OLD_INODE_SIZE,
+			fs_param.s_inodes_count,
+			(unsigned long long) ext2fs_blocks_count(&fs_param));
+		exit(1);
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Calculate number of blocks to reserve
+	 */
+	ext2fs_r_blocks_count_set(&fs_param, reserved_ratio *
+				  ext2fs_blocks_count(&fs_param) / 100.0);
+
+	if (ext2fs_has_feature_sparse_super2(&fs_param)) {
+		if (num_backups >= 1)
+			fs_param.s_backup_bgs[0] = 1;
+		if (num_backups >= 2)
+			fs_param.s_backup_bgs[1] = ~0;
+	}
+
+	free(fs_type);
+	free(usage_types);
+
+	/* The isatty() test is so we don't break existing scripts */
+	flags = CREATE_FILE;
+	if (isatty(0) && isatty(1) && !offset)
+		flags |= CHECK_FS_EXIST;
+	if (!quiet)
+		flags |= VERBOSE_CREATE;
+	if (!explicit_fssize)
+		flags |= NO_SIZE;
+	if (!check_plausibility(device_name, flags, &is_device) && !force)
+		proceed_question(proceed_delay);
+}
+
+static int should_do_undo(const char *name)
+{
+	errcode_t retval;
+	io_channel channel;
+	__u16	s_magic;
+	struct ext2_super_block super;
+	io_manager manager = default_io_manager;
+	int csum_flag, force_undo;
+
+	csum_flag = ext2fs_has_feature_metadata_csum(&fs_param) ||
+		    ext2fs_has_feature_gdt_csum(&fs_param);
+	force_undo = get_int_from_profile(fs_types, "force_undo", 0);
+	if (!force_undo && (!csum_flag || !lazy_itable_init))
+		return 0;
+
+	retval = manager->open(name, IO_FLAG_EXCLUSIVE,  &channel);
+	if (retval) {
+		/*
+		 * We don't handle error cases instead we
+		 * declare that the file system doesn't exist
+		 * and let the rest of mke2fs take care of
+		 * error
+		 */
+		retval = 0;
+		goto open_err_out;
+	}
+
+	io_channel_set_blksize(channel, SUPERBLOCK_OFFSET);
+	retval = io_channel_read_blk64(channel, 1, -SUPERBLOCK_SIZE, &super);
+	if (retval) {
+		retval = 0;
+		goto err_out;
+	}
+
+#if defined(WORDS_BIGENDIAN)
+	s_magic = ext2fs_swab16(super.s_magic);
+#else
+	s_magic = super.s_magic;
+#endif
+
+	if (s_magic == EXT2_SUPER_MAGIC)
+		retval = 1;
+
+err_out:
+	io_channel_close(channel);
+
+open_err_out:
+
+	return retval;
+}
+
+static int mke2fs_setup_tdb(const char *name, io_manager *io_ptr)
+{
+	errcode_t retval = ENOMEM;
+	char *tdb_dir = NULL, *tdb_file = NULL;
+	char *dev_name, *tmp_name;
+	int free_tdb_dir = 0;
+
+	/* (re)open a specific undo file */
+	if (undo_file && undo_file[0] != 0) {
+		retval = set_undo_io_backing_manager(*io_ptr);
+		if (retval)
+			goto err;
+		*io_ptr = undo_io_manager;
+		retval = set_undo_io_backup_file(undo_file);
+		if (retval)
+			goto err;
+		printf(_("Overwriting existing filesystem; this can be undone "
+			 "using the command:\n"
+			 "    e2undo %s %s\n\n"), undo_file, name);
+		return retval;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Configuration via a conf file would be
+	 * nice
+	 */
+	tdb_dir = getenv("E2FSPROGS_UNDO_DIR");
+	if (!tdb_dir) {
+		profile_get_string(profile, "defaults",
+				   "undo_dir", 0, "/var/lib/e2fsprogs",
+				   &tdb_dir);
+		free_tdb_dir = 1;
+	}
+
+	if (!strcmp(tdb_dir, "none") || (tdb_dir[0] == 0) ||
+	    access(tdb_dir, W_OK)) {
+		if (free_tdb_dir)
+			free(tdb_dir);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	tmp_name = strdup(name);
+	if (!tmp_name)
+		goto errout;
+	dev_name = basename(tmp_name);
+	tdb_file = malloc(strlen(tdb_dir) + 8 + strlen(dev_name) + 7 + 1);
+	if (!tdb_file) {
+		free(tmp_name);
+		goto errout;
+	}
+	sprintf(tdb_file, "%s/mke2fs-%s.e2undo", tdb_dir, dev_name);
+	free(tmp_name);
+
+	if ((unlink(tdb_file) < 0) && (errno != ENOENT)) {
+		retval = errno;
+		com_err(program_name, retval,
+			_("while trying to delete %s"), tdb_file);
+		goto errout;
+	}
+
+	retval = set_undo_io_backing_manager(*io_ptr);
+	if (retval)
+		goto errout;
+	*io_ptr = undo_io_manager;
+	retval = set_undo_io_backup_file(tdb_file);
+	if (retval)
+		goto errout;
+	printf(_("Overwriting existing filesystem; this can be undone "
+		 "using the command:\n"
+		 "    e2undo %s %s\n\n"), tdb_file, name);
+
+	if (free_tdb_dir)
+		free(tdb_dir);
+	free(tdb_file);
+	return 0;
+
+errout:
+	if (free_tdb_dir)
+		free(tdb_dir);
+	free(tdb_file);
+err:
+	com_err(program_name, retval, "%s",
+		_("while trying to setup undo file\n"));
+	return retval;
+}
+
+static int mke2fs_discard_device(ext2_filsys fs)
+{
+	struct ext2fs_numeric_progress_struct progress;
+	blk64_t blocks = ext2fs_blocks_count(fs->super);
+	blk64_t count = DISCARD_STEP_MB;
+	blk64_t cur = 0;
+	int retval = 0;
+
+	/*
+	 * Let's try if discard really works on the device, so
+	 * we do not print numeric progress resulting in failure
+	 * afterwards.
+	 */
+	retval = io_channel_discard(fs->io, 0, 1);
+	if (retval)
+		return retval;
+
+	count *= (1024 * 1024);
+	count /= fs->blocksize;
+
+	ext2fs_numeric_progress_init(fs, &progress,
+				     _("Discarding device blocks: "),
+				     blocks);
+	while (cur < blocks) {
+		ext2fs_numeric_progress_update(fs, &progress, cur);
+
+		if (cur + count > blocks)
+			count = blocks - cur;
+
+		retval = io_channel_discard(fs->io, cur, count);
+		if (retval)
+			break;
+		cur += count;
+	}
+
+	if (retval) {
+		ext2fs_numeric_progress_close(fs, &progress,
+				      _("failed - "));
+		if (!quiet)
+			printf("%s\n",error_message(retval));
+	} else
+		ext2fs_numeric_progress_close(fs, &progress,
+				      _("done                            \n"));
+
+	return retval;
+}
+
+static void fix_cluster_bg_counts(ext2_filsys fs)
+{
+	blk64_t		block, num_blocks, last_block, next;
+	blk64_t		tot_free = 0;
+	errcode_t	retval;
+	dgrp_t		group = 0;
+	int		grp_free = 0;
+
+	num_blocks = ext2fs_blocks_count(fs->super);
+	last_block = ext2fs_group_last_block2(fs, group);
+	block = fs->super->s_first_data_block;
+	while (block < num_blocks) {
+		retval = ext2fs_find_first_zero_block_bitmap2(fs->block_map,
+						block, last_block, &next);
+		if (retval == 0)
+			block = next;
+		else {
+			block = last_block + 1;
+			goto next_bg;
+		}
+
+		retval = ext2fs_find_first_set_block_bitmap2(fs->block_map,
+						block, last_block, &next);
+		if (retval)
+			next = last_block + 1;
+		grp_free += EXT2FS_NUM_B2C(fs, next - block);
+		tot_free += next - block;
+		block = next;
+
+		if (block > last_block) {
+		next_bg:
+			ext2fs_bg_free_blocks_count_set(fs, group, grp_free);
+			ext2fs_group_desc_csum_set(fs, group);
+			grp_free = 0;
+			group++;
+			last_block = ext2fs_group_last_block2(fs, group);
+		}
+	}
+	ext2fs_free_blocks_count_set(fs->super, tot_free);
+}
+
+static int create_quota_inodes(ext2_filsys fs)
+{
+	quota_ctx_t qctx;
+	errcode_t retval;
+
+	retval = quota_init_context(&qctx, fs, quotatype_bits);
+	if (retval) {
+		com_err(program_name, retval,
+			_("while initializing quota context"));
+		exit(1);
+	}
+	quota_compute_usage(qctx);
+	retval = quota_write_inode(qctx, quotatype_bits);
+	if (retval) {
+		com_err(program_name, retval,
+			_("while writing quota inodes"));
+		exit(1);
+	}
+	quota_release_context(&qctx);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static errcode_t set_error_behavior(ext2_filsys fs)
+{
+	char	*arg = NULL;
+	short	errors = fs->super->s_errors;
+
+	arg = get_string_from_profile(fs_types, "errors", NULL);
+	if (arg == NULL)
+		goto try_user;
+
+	if (strcmp(arg, "continue") == 0)
+		errors = EXT2_ERRORS_CONTINUE;
+	else if (strcmp(arg, "remount-ro") == 0)
+		errors = EXT2_ERRORS_RO;
+	else if (strcmp(arg, "panic") == 0)
+		errors = EXT2_ERRORS_PANIC;
+	else {
+		com_err(program_name, 0,
+			_("bad error behavior in profile - %s"),
+			arg);
+		free(arg);
+		return EXT2_ET_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+	}
+	free(arg);
+
+try_user:
+	if (errors_behavior)
+		errors = errors_behavior;
+
+	fs->super->s_errors = errors;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int main (int argc, char *argv[])
+{
+	errcode_t	retval = 0;
+	ext2_filsys	fs;
+	badblocks_list	bb_list = 0;
+	badblocks_iterate	bb_iter;
+	blk_t		blk;
+	struct ext2fs_journal_params	jparams = {0};
+	unsigned int	i, checkinterval;
+	int		max_mnt_count;
+	int		val, hash_alg;
+	int		flags;
+	int		old_bitmaps;
+	io_manager	io_ptr;
+	char		opt_string[40];
+	char		*hash_alg_str;
+	int		itable_zeroed = 0;
+	blk64_t		overhead;
+
+#ifdef ENABLE_NLS
+	setlocale(LC_MESSAGES, "");
+	setlocale(LC_CTYPE, "");
+	bindtextdomain(NLS_CAT_NAME, LOCALEDIR);
+	textdomain(NLS_CAT_NAME);
+	set_com_err_gettext(gettext);
+#endif
+	PRS(argc, argv);
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_TESTIO_DEBUG
+	if (getenv("TEST_IO_FLAGS") || getenv("TEST_IO_BLOCK")) {
+		io_ptr = test_io_manager;
+		test_io_backing_manager = default_io_manager;
+	} else
+#endif
+		io_ptr = default_io_manager;
+
+	if (undo_file != NULL || should_do_undo(device_name)) {
+		retval = mke2fs_setup_tdb(device_name, &io_ptr);
+		if (retval)
+			exit(1);
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Initialize the superblock....
+	 */
+	flags = EXT2_FLAG_EXCLUSIVE;
+	if (direct_io)
+		flags |= EXT2_FLAG_DIRECT_IO;
+	profile_get_boolean(profile, "options", "old_bitmaps", 0, 0,
+			    &old_bitmaps);
+	if (!old_bitmaps)
+		flags |= EXT2_FLAG_64BITS;
+	/*
+	 * By default, we print how many inode tables or block groups
+	 * or whatever we've written so far.  The quiet flag disables
+	 * this, along with a lot of other output.
+	 */
+	if (!quiet)
+		flags |= EXT2_FLAG_PRINT_PROGRESS;
+	if (android_sparse_file) {
+		char *android_sparse_params = malloc(strlen(device_name) + 48);
+
+		if (!android_sparse_params) {
+			com_err(program_name, ENOMEM, "%s",
+				_("in malloc for android_sparse_params"));
+			exit(1);
+		}
+		sprintf(android_sparse_params, "(%s):%u:%u",
+			 device_name, fs_param.s_blocks_count,
+			 1024 << fs_param.s_log_block_size);
+		retval = ext2fs_initialize(android_sparse_params, flags,
+					   &fs_param, sparse_io_manager, &fs);
+		free(android_sparse_params);
+	} else
+		retval = ext2fs_initialize(device_name, flags, &fs_param,
+					   io_ptr, &fs);
+	if (retval) {
+		com_err(device_name, retval, "%s",
+			_("while setting up superblock"));
+		exit(1);
+	}
+	fs->progress_ops = &ext2fs_numeric_progress_ops;
+
+	/* Set the error behavior */
+	retval = set_error_behavior(fs);
+	if (retval)
+		usage();
+
+	/* Check the user's mkfs options for metadata checksumming */
+	if (!quiet &&
+	    !ext2fs_has_feature_journal_dev(fs->super) &&
+	    ext2fs_has_feature_metadata_csum(fs->super)) {
+		if (!ext2fs_has_feature_extents(fs->super))
+			printf("%s",
+			       _("Extents are not enabled.  The file extent "
+				 "tree can be checksummed, whereas block maps "
+				 "cannot.  Not enabling extents reduces the "
+				 "coverage of metadata checksumming.  "
+				 "Pass -O extents to rectify.\n"));
+		if (!ext2fs_has_feature_64bit(fs->super))
+			printf("%s",
+			       _("64-bit filesystem support is not enabled.  "
+				 "The larger fields afforded by this feature "
+				 "enable full-strength checksumming.  "
+				 "Pass -O 64bit to rectify.\n"));
+	}
+
+	if (ext2fs_has_feature_csum_seed(fs->super) &&
+	    !ext2fs_has_feature_metadata_csum(fs->super)) {
+		printf("%s", _("The metadata_csum_seed feature "
+			       "requires the metadata_csum feature.\n"));
+		exit(1);
+	}
+
+	/* Calculate journal blocks */
+	if (!journal_device && ((journal_size) ||
+	    ext2fs_has_feature_journal(&fs_param)))
+		figure_journal_size(&jparams, journal_size, journal_fc_size, fs);
+
+	sprintf(opt_string, "tdb_data_size=%d", fs->blocksize <= 4096 ?
+		32768 : fs->blocksize * 8);
+	io_channel_set_options(fs->io, opt_string);
+	if (offset) {
+		sprintf(opt_string, "offset=%llu", (unsigned long long) offset);
+		io_channel_set_options(fs->io, opt_string);
+	}
+
+	if (assume_storage_prezeroed) {
+		if (verbose)
+			printf("%s",
+			       _("Assuming the storage device is prezeroed "
+			       "- skipping inode table and journal wipe\n"));
+
+		lazy_itable_init = 1;
+		itable_zeroed = 1;
+		zero_hugefile = 0;
+		journal_flags |= EXT2_MKJOURNAL_LAZYINIT;
+	}
+
+	/* Can't undo discard ... */
+	if (!noaction && discard && dev_size && (io_ptr != undo_io_manager)) {
+		retval = mke2fs_discard_device(fs);
+		if (!retval && io_channel_discard_zeroes_data(fs->io)) {
+			if (verbose)
+				printf("%s",
+				       _("Discard succeeded and will return "
+					 "0s - skipping inode table wipe\n"));
+			lazy_itable_init = 1;
+			itable_zeroed = 1;
+			zero_hugefile = 0;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (fs_param.s_flags & EXT2_FLAGS_TEST_FILESYS)
+		fs->super->s_flags |= EXT2_FLAGS_TEST_FILESYS;
+
+	if (ext2fs_has_feature_flex_bg(&fs_param) ||
+	    ext2fs_has_feature_huge_file(&fs_param) ||
+	    ext2fs_has_feature_gdt_csum(&fs_param) ||
+	    ext2fs_has_feature_dir_nlink(&fs_param) ||
+	    ext2fs_has_feature_metadata_csum(&fs_param) ||
+	    ext2fs_has_feature_extra_isize(&fs_param))
+		fs->super->s_kbytes_written = 1;
+
+	/*
+	 * Wipe out the old on-disk superblock
+	 */
+	if (!noaction)
+		zap_sector(fs, 2, 6);
+
+	/*
+	 * Parse or generate a UUID for the filesystem
+	 */
+	if (fs_uuid) {
+		if ((strcasecmp(fs_uuid, "null") == 0) ||
+		    (strcasecmp(fs_uuid, "clear") == 0)) {
+			uuid_clear(fs->super->s_uuid);
+		} else if (strcasecmp(fs_uuid, "time") == 0) {
+			uuid_generate_time(fs->super->s_uuid);
+		} else if (strcasecmp(fs_uuid, "random") == 0) {
+			uuid_generate(fs->super->s_uuid);
+		} else if (uuid_parse(fs_uuid, fs->super->s_uuid) != 0) {
+			com_err(device_name, 0, "could not parse UUID: %s\n",
+				fs_uuid);
+			exit(1);
+		}
+	} else
+		uuid_generate(fs->super->s_uuid);
+
+	if (ext2fs_has_feature_csum_seed(fs->super))
+		fs->super->s_checksum_seed = ext2fs_crc32c_le(~0,
+				fs->super->s_uuid, sizeof(fs->super->s_uuid));
+
+	ext2fs_init_csum_seed(fs);
+
+	/*
+	 * Initialize the directory index variables
+	 */
+	hash_alg_str = get_string_from_profile(fs_types, "hash_alg",
+					       "half_md4");
+	hash_alg = e2p_string2hash(hash_alg_str);
+	free(hash_alg_str);
+	fs->super->s_def_hash_version = (hash_alg >= 0) ? hash_alg :
+		EXT2_HASH_HALF_MD4;
+
+	if (memcmp(fs_param.s_hash_seed, zero_buf,
+		sizeof(fs_param.s_hash_seed)) != 0) {
+		memcpy(fs->super->s_hash_seed, fs_param.s_hash_seed,
+			sizeof(fs->super->s_hash_seed));
+	} else
+		uuid_generate((unsigned char *) fs->super->s_hash_seed);
+
+	/*
+	 * Periodic checks can be enabled/disabled via config file.
+	 * Note we override the kernel include file's idea of what the default
+	 * check interval (never) should be.  It's a good idea to check at
+	 * least *occasionally*, specially since servers will never rarely get
+	 * to reboot, since Linux is so robust these days.  :-)
+	 *
+	 * 180 days (six months) seems like a good value.
+	 */
+#ifdef EXT2_DFL_CHECKINTERVAL
+#undef EXT2_DFL_CHECKINTERVAL
+#endif
+#define EXT2_DFL_CHECKINTERVAL (86400L * 180L)
+
+	if (get_bool_from_profile(fs_types, "enable_periodic_fsck", 0)) {
+		fs->super->s_checkinterval = EXT2_DFL_CHECKINTERVAL;
+		fs->super->s_max_mnt_count = EXT2_DFL_MAX_MNT_COUNT;
+		/*
+		 * Add "jitter" to the superblock's check interval so that we
+		 * don't check all the filesystems at the same time.  We use a
+		 * kludgy hack of using the UUID to derive a random jitter value
+		 */
+		for (i = 0, val = 0 ; i < sizeof(fs->super->s_uuid); i++)
+			val += fs->super->s_uuid[i];
+		fs->super->s_max_mnt_count += val % EXT2_DFL_MAX_MNT_COUNT;
+	} else
+		fs->super->s_max_mnt_count = -1;
+
+	/*
+	 * Override the creator OS, if applicable
+	 */
+	if (creator_os && !set_os(fs->super, creator_os)) {
+		com_err (program_name, 0, _("unknown os - %s"), creator_os);
+		exit(1);
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * For the Hurd, we will turn off filetype since it doesn't
+	 * support it.
+	 */
+	if (fs->super->s_creator_os == EXT2_OS_HURD)
+		ext2fs_clear_feature_filetype(fs->super);
+
+	/*
+	 * Set the volume label...
+	 */
+	if (volume_label) {
+		memset(fs->super->s_volume_name, 0,
+		       sizeof(fs->super->s_volume_name));
+		strncpy((char *) fs->super->s_volume_name, volume_label,
+			sizeof(fs->super->s_volume_name));
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Set the last mount directory
+	 */
+	if (mount_dir) {
+		memset(fs->super->s_last_mounted, 0,
+		       sizeof(fs->super->s_last_mounted));
+		strncpy((char *) fs->super->s_last_mounted, mount_dir,
+			sizeof(fs->super->s_last_mounted));
+	}
+
+	/* Set current default encryption algorithms for data and
+	 * filename encryption */
+	if (ext2fs_has_feature_encrypt(fs->super)) {
+		fs->super->s_encrypt_algos[0] =
+			EXT4_ENCRYPTION_MODE_AES_256_XTS;
+		fs->super->s_encrypt_algos[1] =
+			EXT4_ENCRYPTION_MODE_AES_256_CTS;
+	}
+
+	if (ext2fs_has_feature_metadata_csum(fs->super))
+		fs->super->s_checksum_type = EXT2_CRC32C_CHKSUM;
+
+	if (!quiet || noaction)
+		show_stats(fs);
+
+	if (noaction)
+		exit(0);
+
+	if (ext2fs_has_feature_journal_dev(fs->super)) {
+		create_journal_dev(fs);
+		printf("\n");
+		exit(ext2fs_close_free(&fs) ? 1 : 0);
+	}
+
+	if (bad_blocks_filename)
+		read_bb_file(fs, &bb_list, bad_blocks_filename);
+	if (cflag)
+		test_disk(fs, &bb_list);
+	handle_bad_blocks(fs, bb_list);
+
+	fs->stride = fs_stride = fs->super->s_raid_stride;
+	if (!quiet)
+		printf("%s", _("Allocating group tables: "));
+	if (ext2fs_has_feature_flex_bg(fs->super) &&
+	    packed_meta_blocks)
+		retval = packed_allocate_tables(fs);
+	else
+		retval = ext2fs_allocate_tables(fs);
+	if (retval) {
+		com_err(program_name, retval, "%s",
+			_("while trying to allocate filesystem tables"));
+		exit(1);
+	}
+	if (!quiet)
+		printf("%s", _("done                            \n"));
+
+	/*
+	 * Unmark bad blocks to calculate overhead, because metadata
+	 * blocks and bad blocks can land on the same allocation cluster.
+	 */
+	if (bb_list) {
+		retval = ext2fs_badblocks_list_iterate_begin(bb_list,
+							     &bb_iter);
+		if (retval) {
+			com_err("ext2fs_badblocks_list_iterate_begin", retval,
+				"%s", _("while unmarking bad blocks"));
+			exit(1);
+		}
+		while (ext2fs_badblocks_list_iterate(bb_iter, &blk))
+			ext2fs_unmark_block_bitmap2(fs->block_map, blk);
+		ext2fs_badblocks_list_iterate_end(bb_iter);
+	}
+
+	retval = ext2fs_convert_subcluster_bitmap(fs, &fs->block_map);
+	if (retval) {
+		com_err(program_name, retval, "%s",
+			_("\n\twhile converting subcluster bitmap"));
+		exit(1);
+	}
+
+	retval = ext2fs_count_used_clusters(fs, fs->super->s_first_data_block,
+					ext2fs_blocks_count(fs->super) - 1,
+					&overhead);
+	if (retval) {
+		com_err(program_name, retval, "%s",
+			_("while calculating overhead"));
+		exit(1);
+	}
+
+	if (bb_list) {
+		retval = ext2fs_badblocks_list_iterate_begin(bb_list,
+							     &bb_iter);
+		if (retval) {
+			com_err("ext2fs_badblocks_list_iterate_begin", retval,
+				"%s", _("while marking bad blocks as used"));
+			exit(1);
+		}
+		while (ext2fs_badblocks_list_iterate(bb_iter, &blk))
+			ext2fs_mark_block_bitmap2(fs->block_map, blk);
+		ext2fs_badblocks_list_iterate_end(bb_iter);
+	}
+
+	if (super_only) {
+		check_plausibility(device_name, CHECK_FS_EXIST, NULL);
+		printf(_("%s may be further corrupted by superblock rewrite\n"),
+		       device_name);
+		if (!force)
+			proceed_question(proceed_delay);
+		fs->super->s_state |= EXT2_ERROR_FS;
+		fs->flags &= ~(EXT2_FLAG_IB_DIRTY|EXT2_FLAG_BB_DIRTY);
+		/*
+		 * The command "mke2fs -S" is used to recover
+		 * corrupted file systems, so do not mark any of the
+		 * inodes as unused; we want e2fsck to consider all
+		 * inodes as potentially containing recoverable data.
+		 */
+		if (ext2fs_has_group_desc_csum(fs)) {
+			for (i = 0; i < fs->group_desc_count; i++)
+				ext2fs_bg_itable_unused_set(fs, i, 0);
+		}
+	} else {
+		/* rsv must be a power of two (64kB is MD RAID sb alignment) */
+		blk64_t rsv = 65536 / fs->blocksize;
+		blk64_t blocks = ext2fs_blocks_count(fs->super);
+		blk64_t start;
+		blk64_t ret_blk;
+
+#ifdef ZAP_BOOTBLOCK
+		zap_sector(fs, 0, 2);
+#endif
+
+		/*
+		 * Wipe out any old MD RAID (or other) metadata at the end
+		 * of the device.  This will also verify that the device is
+		 * as large as we think.  Be careful with very small devices.
+		 */
+		start = (blocks & ~(rsv - 1));
+		if (start > rsv)
+			start -= rsv;
+		if (start > 0)
+			retval = ext2fs_zero_blocks2(fs, start, blocks - start,
+						    &ret_blk, NULL);
+
+		if (retval) {
+			com_err(program_name, retval,
+				_("while zeroing block %llu at end of filesystem"),
+				(unsigned long long) ret_blk);
+		}
+		write_inode_tables(fs, lazy_itable_init, itable_zeroed);
+		create_root_dir(fs);
+		create_lost_and_found(fs);
+		reserve_inodes(fs);
+		create_bad_block_inode(fs, bb_list);
+		if (ext2fs_has_feature_resize_inode(fs->super)) {
+			retval = ext2fs_create_resize_inode(fs);
+			if (retval) {
+				com_err("ext2fs_create_resize_inode", retval,
+					"%s",
+				_("while reserving blocks for online resize"));
+				exit(1);
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (journal_device) {
+		ext2_filsys	jfs;
+
+		if (!check_plausibility(journal_device, CHECK_BLOCK_DEV,
+					NULL) && !force)
+			proceed_question(proceed_delay);
+		check_mount(journal_device, force, _("journal"));
+
+		retval = ext2fs_open(journal_device, EXT2_FLAG_RW|
+				     EXT2_FLAG_JOURNAL_DEV_OK, 0,
+				     fs->blocksize, default_io_manager, &jfs);
+		if (retval) {
+			com_err(program_name, retval,
+				_("while trying to open journal device %s\n"),
+				journal_device);
+			exit(1);
+		}
+		if (!quiet) {
+			printf(_("Adding journal to device %s: "),
+			       journal_device);
+			fflush(stdout);
+		}
+		retval = ext2fs_add_journal_device(fs, jfs);
+		if(retval) {
+			com_err (program_name, retval,
+				 _("\n\twhile trying to add journal to device %s"),
+				 journal_device);
+			exit(1);
+		}
+		if (!quiet)
+			printf("%s", _("done\n"));
+		ext2fs_close_free(&jfs);
+		free(journal_device);
+	} else if ((journal_size) ||
+		   ext2fs_has_feature_journal(&fs_param)) {
+		overhead += EXT2FS_NUM_B2C(fs, jparams.num_journal_blocks + jparams.num_fc_blocks);
+		if (super_only) {
+			printf("%s", _("Skipping journal creation in super-only mode\n"));
+			fs->super->s_journal_inum = EXT2_JOURNAL_INO;
+			goto no_journal;
+		}
+
+		if (!jparams.num_journal_blocks) {
+			ext2fs_clear_feature_journal(fs->super);
+			ext2fs_clear_feature_orphan_file(fs->super);
+			ext2fs_clear_feature_journal(&fs_param);
+			ext2fs_clear_feature_orphan_file(&fs_param);
+			goto no_journal;
+		}
+		if (!quiet) {
+			printf(_("Creating journal (%u blocks): "),
+			       jparams.num_journal_blocks + jparams.num_fc_blocks);
+			fflush(stdout);
+		}
+		retval = ext2fs_add_journal_inode3(fs, &jparams,
+						   journal_location,
+						   journal_flags);
+		if (retval) {
+			com_err(program_name, retval, "%s",
+				_("\n\twhile trying to create journal"));
+			exit(1);
+		}
+		if (!quiet)
+			printf("%s", _("done\n"));
+	}
+no_journal:
+	if (!super_only &&
+	    ext2fs_has_feature_mmp(fs->super)) {
+		retval = ext2fs_mmp_init(fs);
+		if (retval) {
+			fprintf(stderr, "%s",
+				_("\nError while enabling multiple "
+				  "mount protection feature."));
+			exit(1);
+		}
+		if (!quiet)
+			printf(_("Multiple mount protection is enabled "
+				 "with update interval %d seconds.\n"),
+			       fs->super->s_mmp_update_interval);
+	}
+
+	overhead += fs->super->s_first_data_block;
+	if (!super_only)
+		fs->super->s_overhead_clusters = overhead;
+
+	if (ext2fs_has_feature_bigalloc(&fs_param))
+		fix_cluster_bg_counts(fs);
+	if (ext2fs_has_feature_quota(&fs_param))
+		create_quota_inodes(fs);
+	if (ext2fs_has_feature_orphan_file(&fs_param)) {
+		if (!ext2fs_has_feature_journal(&fs_param)) {
+			com_err(program_name, 0, _("cannot set orphan_file "
+				"feature without a journal."));
+			exit(1);
+		}
+		if (!orphan_file_blocks) {
+			orphan_file_blocks =
+				ext2fs_default_orphan_file_blocks(fs);
+		}
+		retval = ext2fs_create_orphan_file(fs, orphan_file_blocks);
+		if (retval) {
+			com_err(program_name, retval,
+				_("while creating orphan file"));
+			exit(1);
+		}
+	}
+
+	retval = mk_hugefiles(fs, device_name);
+	if (retval)
+		com_err(program_name, retval, "while creating huge files");
+	/* Copy files from the specified directory */
+	if (src_root_dir) {
+		if (!quiet)
+			printf("%s", _("Copying files into the device: "));
+
+		retval = populate_fs(fs, EXT2_ROOT_INO, src_root_dir,
+				     EXT2_ROOT_INO);
+		if (retval) {
+			com_err(program_name, retval, "%s",
+				_("while populating file system"));
+			exit(1);
+		} else if (!quiet)
+			printf("%s", _("done\n"));
+	}
+
+	if (!quiet)
+		printf("%s", _("Writing superblocks and "
+		       "filesystem accounting information: "));
+	checkinterval = fs->super->s_checkinterval;
+	max_mnt_count = fs->super->s_max_mnt_count;
+	retval = ext2fs_close_free(&fs);
+	if (retval) {
+		com_err(program_name, retval, "%s",
+			_("while writing out and closing file system"));
+		retval = 1;
+	} else if (!quiet) {
+		printf("%s", _("done\n\n"));
+		if (!getenv("MKE2FS_SKIP_CHECK_MSG"))
+			print_check_message(max_mnt_count, checkinterval);
+	}
+
+	remove_error_table(&et_ext2_error_table);
+	remove_error_table(&et_prof_error_table);
+	profile_release(profile);
+	for (i=0; fs_types[i]; i++)
+		free(fs_types[i]);
+	free(fs_types);
+	return retval;
+}