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diff --git a/raddb/sites-available/README b/raddb/sites-available/README new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0805a75 --- /dev/null +++ b/raddb/sites-available/README @@ -0,0 +1,333 @@ +1. Virtual Servers. + + FreeRADIUS supports virtual servers. The virtual servers do NOT have +to be set up with the "sites-available" and "sites-enabled" +directories. You can still have one "radiusd.conf" file, and put the +server configuration there: + + ... + server { + authorize { + ... + } + authenticate { + ... + } + ... + } + ... + + The power of virtual servers lies in their ability to separate +policies. A policy can be placed into a virtual server, where it is +guaranteed to affect only the requests that are passed through that +virtual server. In 1.x, the policies were global, and it sometimes +took much effort to write a policy so that it only applied in certain +limited situations. + + +2. What do we mean by "virtual server"? + + + A virtual server is a (nearly complete) RADIUS server, just like a +configuration for FreeRADIUS 1.x. However, FreeRADIUS can now run +multiple virtual servers at the same time. The virtual servers can +even proxy requests to each other! + + The simplest way to create a virtual server is to take the all of +the request processing sections from radius.conf, ("authorize" , +"authenticate", etc.) and wrap them in a "server {}" block, as above. + + You can create another virtual server by: + + 1) defining a new "server foo {...}" section in radiusd.conf + 2) Putting the normal "authorize", etc. sections inside of it + 3) Adding a "listen" section *inside* of the "server" section. + + e.g. + + ... + server foo { + listen { + ipaddr = 127.0.0.1 + port = 2000 + type = auth + } + + authorize { + update control { + Cleartext-Password := "bob" + } + pap + } + + authenticate { + pap + } + } + ... + + With that text added to "radiusd.conf", run the server in debugging +mode (radiusd -X), and in another terminal window, type: + +$ radtest bob bob localhost:2000 0 testing123 + + You should see the server return an Access-Accept. + + +3. Capabilities and limitations + + + The only sub-sections that can appear in a virtual server section +are: + + listen + client + authorize + authenticate + post-auth + pre-proxy + post-proxy + preacct + accounting + session + + All other configuration parameters (modules, etc.) are global. + + Inside of a virtual server, the authorize, etc. sections have their +normal meaning, and can contain anything that an authorize section +could contain in 1.x. + + When a "listen" section is inside of a virtual server definition, it +means that all requests sent to that IP/port will be processed through +the virtual server. There cannot be two "listen" sections with the +same IP address and port number. + + When a "client" section is inside of a virtual server definition, it +means that that client is known only to the "listen" sections that are +also inside of that virtual server. Not only is this client +definition available only to this virtual server, but the details of +the client configuration is also available only to this virtual +server. + + i.e. Two virtual servers can listen on different IP address and +ports, but both can have a client with IP address 127.0.0.1. The +shared secret for that client can be different for each virtual +server. + + +4. More complex "listen" capabilities + + The "listen" sections have a few additional configuration items that +were not in 1.x, and were not mentioned above. These configuration +items enable almost any mapping of IP / port to clients to virtual +servers. + + The configuration items are: + + virtual_server = <name> + + If set, all requests sent to this IP / port are processed + through the named virtual server. + + This directive can be used only for "listen" sections + that are global. i.e. It CANNOT be used if the + "listen" section is inside of a virtual server. + + clients = <name> + + If set, the "listen" section looks for a "clients" section: + + clients <name> { + ... + } + + It looks inside of that named "clients" section for + "client" subsections, at least one of which must + exist. Each client in that section is added to the + list of known clients for this IP / port. No other + clients are known. + + If it is set, it over-rides the list of clients (if + any) in the same virtual server. Note that the + clients are NOT additive! + + If it is not set, then the clients from the current + virtual server (if any) are used. If there are no + clients in this virtual server, then the global + clients are used. + + i.e. The most specific directive is used: + * configuration in this "listen" section + * clients in the same virtual server + * global clients + + The directives are also *exclusive*, not *additive*. + If you have one client in a virtual server, and + another client referenced from a "listen" section, + then that "listen" section will ONLY use the second + client. It will NOT use both clients. + + +5. More complex "client" capabilities + + The "client" sections have a few additional configuration items that +were not in 1.x, and were not mentioned above. These configuration +items enable almost any mapping of IP / port to clients to virtual +servers. + + The configuration items are: + + virtual_server = <name> + + If set, all requests from this client are processed + through the named virtual server. + + This directive can be used only for "client" sections + that are global. i.e. It CANNOT be used if the + "client" section is inside of a virtual server. + + If the "listen" section has a "server" entry, and a matching +client is found ALSO with a "server" entry, then the clients server is +used for that request. + + +6. Worked examples + + + Listening on one socket, and mapping requests from two clients to +two different servers. + + listen { + ... + } + client one { + ... + virtual_server = server_one + } + client two { + ... + virtual_server = server_two + } + server server_one { + authorize { + ... + } + ... + } + server server_two { + authorize { + ... + } + ... + } + + This could also be done as: + + + listen { + ... + virtual_server = server_one + } + client one { + ... + } + client two { + ... + virtual_server = server_two + } + server server_one { + authorize { + ... + } + ... + } + server server_two { + authorize { + ... + } + ... + } + + In this case, the default server for the socket is "server_one", so +there is no need to set that in the client "one" configuration. The +"server_two" configuration for client "two" over-rides the default +setting for the socket. + + Note that the following configuration will NOT work: + + listen { + ... + virtual_server = server_one + } + client one { + ... + } + server server_one { + authorize { + ... + } + ... + } + server server_two { + client two { + ... + } + authorize { + ... + } + ... + } + + In this example, client "two" is hidden inside of the virtual +server, where the "listen" section cannot find it. + + +7. Outlined examples + + This section outlines a number of examples, with alternatives. + + One server, multiple sockets + - multiple "listen" sections in a "server" section + + one server per client + - define multiple servers + - have a global "listen" section + - have multiple global "clients", each with "virtual_server = X" + + two servers, each with their own sockets + - define multiple servers + - put "client" sections into each "server" + - put a "listen" section into each "server" + + Each server can list the same client IP, and the secret + can be different + + two sockets, sharing a list of clients, but pointing to different servers + - define global "listen" sections + - in each, set "virtual_server = X" + - in each, set "clients = Y" + - define "clients Y" section, containing multiple clients. + + This also means that you can have a third socket, which + doesn't share any of these clients. + + +8. How to decide what to do + + + If you want *completely* separate policies for a socket or a client, +then create a separate virtual server. Then, map the request to that +server by setting configuration entries in a "listen" section or in a +"client" section. + + Start off with the common cases first. If most of the clients +and/or sockets get a particular policy, make that policy the default. +Configure it without paying attention to the sockets or clients you +want to add later, and without adding a second virtual server. Once +it works, then add the second virtual server. + + If you want to re-use the previously defined sockets with the second +virtual server, then you will need one or more global "client" +sections. Those clients will contain a "virtual_server = ..." entry +that will direct requests from those clients to the appropriate +virtual server. |