From 50b37d4a27d3295a29afca2286f1a5a086142cec Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Daniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org>
Date: Sun, 28 Apr 2024 11:49:46 +0200
Subject: Adding upstream version 3.2.1+dfsg.

Signed-off-by: Daniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org>
---
 doc/antora/modules/unlang/pages/type/index.adoc | 117 ++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 117 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 doc/antora/modules/unlang/pages/type/index.adoc

(limited to 'doc/antora/modules/unlang/pages/type/index.adoc')

diff --git a/doc/antora/modules/unlang/pages/type/index.adoc b/doc/antora/modules/unlang/pages/type/index.adoc
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+= Data Types
+
+Unlang supports a number of data types. These data types are used in
+conditional expressions or when assigning a value to an attribute.
+
+== Using Data Types
+
+The server support a wide range of data types, as given in the
+xref:unlang/type/all_types.adoc[list of data types] page.  The choice
+of which data type applies is determined by the context in which that
+data type is used.  This context is usually taken from an attribute
+which is being assigned a value.
+
+The `unlang` interpreter uses pre-defined attributes which are defined
+in dictionaries.  The dictionaries define both a name, and a data type
+for the attributes.  In the interpreter, then, attributes can be
+assigned a value or compared to a value, without specifying the data
+type.  The interpreter knows how to parse the value by using the data
+type assigned to the attribute.
+
+The result is that in most cases, it is not necessary to know the name
+of the data types.  It is possible to write values in the format you
+expect, and he server will do "the right thing" when interpreting the
+values.
+
+.Attributes with Different Data Types
+[source,unlang]
+----
+Framed-IP-Address = 192.0.2.1
+Framed-IPv6-Address = 2001:db8::
+Reply-Message = "This is a reply"
+Port-Limit = 5
+Boolean = true
+Octets-Thing = 0xabcdef0102030405
+MAC-Address = 00:01:02:03:04:05
+----
+
+== Parsing Data Types
+
+The interpreter is flexible when parsing data types.  So long as the
+value can be parsed as the given data type without error, the value
+will be accepted.
+
+For example, a particular attribute may be of data type `ipaddr` in
+order to store IPv4 addresses.  The interpreter will then accept the
+following strings as valid IPv4 addresses:
+
+`192.168.0.2`:: xref:type/string/unquoted.adoc[Unquoted text], interpreted as the data type
+
+`'192.168.0.2'`:: xref:type/string/single.adoc[Single-quoted string], the contents of the string are parsed as the data type.
++
+The single-quoted string form is most useful when the data type
+contains special characters that may otherwise confuse the parser.
+
+`"192.168.0.2"`:: xref:type/string/double.adoc[Double-quoted string].
++
+The contents of the string are dynamically expanded as described in
+the xref:unlang/xlat/index.adoc[dynamic expansion] page.  The
+resulting output is then interpreted as the given data type.
+
+`{backtick}/bin/echo 192.168.0.2{backtick}`:: xref:type/string/backticks.adoc[backtick-quoted string].
+Run a script, and parse the resulting string as the data type.
+
+Similar processing rules are applied when parsing assignments and
+comparisons, for all attributes and data types.
+
+=== Casting Data Types
+
+In some cases, it is necessary to parse values which do not refer to
+attributes.  This situation usually occurs when two values need to be
+compared, as in the following example:
+
+[source,unlang]
+----
+if ("%{sql:SELECT ipaddress FROM table WHERE user=%{User-Name}}" == 192.0.2.1) }
+    ....
+}
+----
+
+Since there is no attribute on either side of the `==` operator, the
+interpreter has no way of knowing that the string `192.0.2.1` is an IP
+address.  There is unfortunately no way of automatically parsing
+strings in order to determine the data type to use.  Any such
+automatic parsing would work most of the time, but it would have
+error cases where the parsing was incorrect.
+
+The solution is to resolve these ambiguities by allowing the values to
+be cast to a particular type.  Casting a value to a type tells the
+interpreter how that value should be parsed.  Casting is done by
+prefixing a value with the type name, surrounded by angle brackets;
+`<...>`.
+
+.Syntax
+----
+<...>value
+----
+
+We can add a cast to the above example, as follows:
+
+[source,unlang]
+----
+if ("%{sql:SELECT ipaddress FROM table WHERE user=%{User-Name}}" == <ipaddr>192.0.2.1) }
+    ....
+}
+----
+
+In this example, we prefix the IP address with the string `<ipaddr>`.
+The interpreter then knows that the value `192.0.2.` should be
+interpreted as the data type `ipaddr`, and not as the literal string
+`"192.0.2."`.
+
+For a full list of data types which can be used in a cast, please see
+the xref:unlang/type/all_types.adoc[list of data types] page, and the
+"Basic Type Types" section.
+
+// Copyright (C) 2020 Network RADIUS SAS.  Licenced under CC-by-NC 4.0.
+// Development of this documentation was sponsored by Network RADIUS SAS.
-- 
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