.. _bgp: *** BGP *** :abbr:`BGP` stands for Border Gateway Protocol. The latest BGP version is 4. BGP-4 is one of the Exterior Gateway Protocols and the de facto standard interdomain routing protocol. BGP-4 is described in :rfc:`1771` and updated by :rfc:`4271`. :rfc:`2858` adds multiprotocol support to BGP-4. .. _starting-bgp: Starting BGP ============ The default configuration file of *bgpd* is :file:`bgpd.conf`. *bgpd* searches the current directory first, followed by |INSTALL_PREFIX_ETC|/bgpd.conf. All of *bgpd*'s commands must be configured in :file:`bgpd.conf` when the integrated config is not being used. *bgpd* specific invocation options are described below. Common options may also be specified (:ref:`common-invocation-options`). .. program:: bgpd .. option:: -p, --bgp_port Set the bgp protocol's port number. When port number is 0, that means do not listen bgp port. .. option:: -l, --listenon Specify specific IP addresses for bgpd to listen on, rather than its default of ``0.0.0.0`` / ``::``. This can be useful to constrain bgpd to an internal address, or to run multiple bgpd processes on one host. Multiple addresses can be specified. In the following example, bgpd is started listening for connections on the addresses 100.0.1.2 and fd00::2:2. The options -d (runs in daemon mode) and -f (uses specific configuration file) are also used in this example as we are likely to run multiple bgpd instances, each one with different configurations, when using -l option. Note that this option implies the --no_kernel option, and no learned routes will be installed into the linux kernel. .. code-block:: shell # /usr/lib/frr/bgpd -d -f /some-folder/bgpd.conf -l 100.0.1.2 -l fd00::2:2 .. option:: -n, --no_kernel Do not install learned routes into the linux kernel. This option is useful for a route-reflector environment or if you are running multiple bgp processes in the same namespace. This option is different than the --no_zebra option in that a ZAPI connection is made. This option can also be toggled during runtime by using the ``[no] bgp no-rib`` commands in VTY shell. Note that this option will persist after saving the configuration during runtime, unless unset by the ``no bgp no-rib`` command in VTY shell prior to a configuration write operation. .. option:: -S, --skip_runas Skip the normal process of checking capabilities and changing user and group information. .. option:: -e, --ecmp Run BGP with a limited ecmp capability, that is different than what BGP was compiled with. The value specified must be greater than 0 and less than or equal to the MULTIPATH_NUM specified on compilation. .. option:: -Z, --no_zebra Do not communicate with zebra at all. This is different than the --no_kernel option in that we do not even open a ZAPI connection to the zebra process. .. option:: -s, --socket_size When opening tcp connections to our peers, set the socket send buffer size that the kernel will use for the peers socket. This option is only really useful at a very large scale. Experimentation should be done to see if this is helping or not at the scale you are running at. LABEL MANAGER ------------- .. option:: -I, --int_num Set zclient id. This is required when using Zebra label manager in proxy mode. .. _bgp-basic-concepts: Basic Concepts ============== .. _bgp-autonomous-systems: Autonomous Systems ------------------ From :rfc:`1930`: An AS is a connected group of one or more IP prefixes run by one or more network operators which has a SINGLE and CLEARLY DEFINED routing policy. Each AS has an identifying number associated with it called an :abbr:`ASN (Autonomous System Number)`. This is a two octet value ranging in value from 1 to 65535. The AS numbers 64512 through 65535 are defined as private AS numbers. Private AS numbers must not be advertised on the global Internet. The :abbr:`ASN (Autonomous System Number)` is one of the essential elements of BGP. BGP is a distance vector routing protocol, and the AS-Path framework provides distance vector metric and loop detection to BGP. .. seealso:: :rfc:`1930` .. _bgp-address-families: Address Families ---------------- Multiprotocol extensions enable BGP to carry routing information for multiple network layer protocols. BGP supports an Address Family Identifier (AFI) for IPv4 and IPv6. Support is also provided for multiple sets of per-AFI information via the BGP Subsequent Address Family Identifier (SAFI). FRR supports SAFIs for unicast information, labeled information (:rfc:`3107` and :rfc:`8277`), and Layer 3 VPN information (:rfc:`4364` and :rfc:`4659`). .. _bgp-route-selection: Route Selection --------------- The route selection process used by FRR's BGP implementation uses the following decision criterion, starting at the top of the list and going towards the bottom until one of the factors can be used. 1. **Weight check** Prefer higher local weight routes to lower routes. 2. **Local preference check** Prefer higher local preference routes to lower. 3. **Local route check** Prefer local routes (statics, aggregates, redistributed) to received routes. 4. **AS path length check** Prefer shortest hop-count AS_PATHs. 5. **Origin check** Prefer the lowest origin type route. That is, prefer IGP origin routes to EGP, to Incomplete routes. 6. **MED check** Where routes with a MED were received from the same AS, prefer the route with the lowest MED. :ref:`bgp-med`. 7. **External check** Prefer the route received from an external, eBGP peer over routes received from other types of peers. 8. **IGP cost check** Prefer the route with the lower IGP cost. 9. **Multi-path check** If multi-pathing is enabled, then check whether the routes not yet distinguished in preference may be considered equal. If :clicmd:`bgp bestpath as-path multipath-relax` is set, all such routes are considered equal, otherwise routes received via iBGP with identical AS_PATHs or routes received from eBGP neighbours in the same AS are considered equal. 10. **Already-selected external check** Where both routes were received from eBGP peers, then prefer the route which is already selected. Note that this check is not applied if :clicmd:`bgp bestpath compare-routerid` is configured. This check can prevent some cases of oscillation. 11. **Router-ID check** Prefer the route with the lowest `router-ID`. If the route has an `ORIGINATOR_ID` attribute, through iBGP reflection, then that router ID is used, otherwise the `router-ID` of the peer the route was received from is used. 12. **Cluster-List length check** The route with the shortest cluster-list length is used. The cluster-list reflects the iBGP reflection path the route has taken. 13. **Peer address** Prefer the route received from the peer with the higher transport layer address, as a last-resort tie-breaker. .. _bgp-capability-negotiation: Capability Negotiation ---------------------- When adding IPv6 routing information exchange feature to BGP. There were some proposals. :abbr:`IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force)` :abbr:`IDR (Inter Domain Routing)` adopted a proposal called Multiprotocol Extension for BGP. The specification is described in :rfc:`2283`. The protocol does not define new protocols. It defines new attributes to existing BGP. When it is used exchanging IPv6 routing information it is called BGP-4+. When it is used for exchanging multicast routing information it is called MBGP. *bgpd* supports Multiprotocol Extension for BGP. So if a remote peer supports the protocol, *bgpd* can exchange IPv6 and/or multicast routing information. Traditional BGP did not have the feature to detect a remote peer's capabilities, e.g. whether it can handle prefix types other than IPv4 unicast routes. This was a big problem using Multiprotocol Extension for BGP in an operational network. :rfc:`2842` adopted a feature called Capability Negotiation. *bgpd* use this Capability Negotiation to detect the remote peer's capabilities. If a peer is only configured as an IPv4 unicast neighbor, *bgpd* does not send these Capability Negotiation packets (at least not unless other optional BGP features require capability negotiation). By default, FRR will bring up peering with minimal common capability for the both sides. For example, if the local router has unicast and multicast capabilities and the remote router only has unicast capability the local router will establish the connection with unicast only capability. When there are no common capabilities, FRR sends Unsupported Capability error and then resets the connection. .. _bgp-router-configuration: BGP Router Configuration ======================== ASN and Router ID ----------------- First of all you must configure BGP router with the :clicmd:`router bgp ASN` command. The AS number is an identifier for the autonomous system. The BGP protocol uses the AS number for detecting whether the BGP connection is internal or external. .. clicmd:: router bgp ASN Enable a BGP protocol process with the specified ASN. After this statement you can input any `BGP Commands`. .. clicmd:: bgp router-id A.B.C.D This command specifies the router-ID. If *bgpd* connects to *zebra* it gets interface and address information. In that case default router ID value is selected as the largest IP Address of the interfaces. When `router zebra` is not enabled *bgpd* can't get interface information so `router-id` is set to 0.0.0.0. So please set router-id by hand. .. _bgp-multiple-autonomous-systems: Multiple Autonomous Systems --------------------------- FRR's BGP implementation is capable of running multiple autonomous systems at once. Each configured AS corresponds to a :ref:`zebra-vrf`. In the past, to get the same functionality the network administrator had to run a new *bgpd* process; using VRFs allows multiple autonomous systems to be handled in a single process. When using multiple autonomous systems, all router config blocks after the first one must specify a VRF to be the target of BGP's route selection. This VRF must be unique within respect to all other VRFs being used for the same purpose, i.e. two different autonomous systems cannot use the same VRF. However, the same AS can be used with different VRFs. .. note:: The separated nature of VRFs makes it possible to peer a single *bgpd* process to itself, on one machine. Note that this can be done fully within BGP without a corresponding VRF in the kernel or Zebra, which enables some practical use cases such as :ref:`route reflectors ` and route servers. Configuration of additional autonomous systems, or of a router that targets a specific VRF, is accomplished with the following command: .. clicmd:: router bgp ASN vrf VRFNAME ``VRFNAME`` is matched against VRFs configured in the kernel. When ``vrf VRFNAME`` is not specified, the BGP protocol process belongs to the default VRF. An example configuration with multiple autonomous systems might look like this: .. code-block:: frr router bgp 1 neighbor 10.0.0.1 remote-as 20 neighbor 10.0.0.2 remote-as 30 ! router bgp 2 vrf blue neighbor 10.0.0.3 remote-as 40 neighbor 10.0.0.4 remote-as 50 ! router bgp 3 vrf red neighbor 10.0.0.5 remote-as 60 neighbor 10.0.0.6 remote-as 70 ... .. seealso:: :ref:`bgp-vrf-route-leaking` .. seealso:: :ref:`zebra-vrf` .. _bgp-views: Views ----- In addition to supporting multiple autonomous systems, FRR's BGP implementation also supports *views*. BGP views are almost the same as normal BGP processes, except that routes selected by BGP are not installed into the kernel routing table. Each BGP view provides an independent set of routing information which is only distributed via BGP. Multiple views can be supported, and BGP view information is always independent from other routing protocols and Zebra/kernel routes. BGP views use the core instance (i.e., default VRF) for communication with peers. .. clicmd:: router bgp AS-NUMBER view NAME Make a new BGP view. You can use an arbitrary word for the ``NAME``. Routes selected by the view are not installed into the kernel routing table. With this command, you can setup Route Server like below. .. code-block:: frr ! router bgp 1 view 1 neighbor 10.0.0.1 remote-as 2 neighbor 10.0.0.2 remote-as 3 ! router bgp 2 view 2 neighbor 10.0.0.3 remote-as 4 neighbor 10.0.0.4 remote-as 5 .. clicmd:: show [ip] bgp view NAME Display the routing table of BGP view ``NAME``. Route Selection --------------- .. clicmd:: bgp bestpath as-path confed This command specifies that the length of confederation path sets and sequences should should be taken into account during the BGP best path decision process. .. clicmd:: bgp bestpath as-path multipath-relax This command specifies that BGP decision process should consider paths of equal AS_PATH length candidates for multipath computation. Without the knob, the entire AS_PATH must match for multipath computation. .. clicmd:: bgp bestpath compare-routerid Ensure that when comparing routes where both are equal on most metrics, including local-pref, AS_PATH length, IGP cost, MED, that the tie is broken based on router-ID. If this option is enabled, then the already-selected check, where already selected eBGP routes are preferred, is skipped. If a route has an `ORIGINATOR_ID` attribute because it has been reflected, that `ORIGINATOR_ID` will be used. Otherwise, the router-ID of the peer the route was received from will be used. The advantage of this is that the route-selection (at this point) will be more deterministic. The disadvantage is that a few or even one lowest-ID router may attract all traffic to otherwise-equal paths because of this check. It may increase the possibility of MED or IGP oscillation, unless other measures were taken to avoid these. The exact behaviour will be sensitive to the iBGP and reflection topology. .. clicmd:: bgp bestpath peer-type multipath-relax This command specifies that BGP decision process should consider paths from all peers for multipath computation. If this option is enabled, paths learned from any of eBGP, iBGP, or confederation neighbors will be multipath if they are otherwise considered equal cost. .. clicmd:: maximum-paths (1-128) Sets the maximum-paths value used for ecmp calculations for this bgp instance in EBGP. The maximum value listed, 128, can be limited by the ecmp cli for bgp or if the daemon was compiled with a lower ecmp value. This value can also be set in ipv4/ipv6 unicast/labeled unicast to only affect those particular afi/safi's. .. clicmd:: maximum-paths ibgp (1-128) [equal-cluster-length] Sets the maximum-paths value used for ecmp calculations for this bgp instance in IBGP. The maximum value listed, 128, can be limited by the ecmp cli for bgp or if the daemon was compiled with a lower ecmp value. This value can also be set in ipv4/ipv6 unicast/labeled unicast to only affect those particular afi/safi's. .. _bgp-distance: Administrative Distance Metrics ------------------------------- .. clicmd:: distance bgp (1-255) (1-255) (1-255) This command changes distance value of BGP. The arguments are the distance values for external routes, internal routes and local routes respectively. .. clicmd:: distance (1-255) A.B.C.D/M .. clicmd:: distance (1-255) A.B.C.D/M WORD Sets the administrative distance for a particular route. .. _bgp-requires-policy: Require policy on EBGP ------------------------------- .. clicmd:: bgp ebgp-requires-policy This command requires incoming and outgoing filters to be applied for eBGP sessions as part of RFC-8212 compliance. Without the incoming filter, no routes will be accepted. Without the outgoing filter, no routes will be announced. This is enabled by default for the traditional configuration and turned off by default for datacenter configuration. When you enable/disable this option you MUST clear the session. When the incoming or outgoing filter is missing you will see "(Policy)" sign under ``show bgp summary``: .. code-block:: frr exit1# show bgp summary IPv4 Unicast Summary (VRF default): BGP router identifier 10.10.10.1, local AS number 65001 vrf-id 0 BGP table version 4 RIB entries 7, using 1344 bytes of memory Peers 2, using 43 KiB of memory Neighbor V AS MsgRcvd MsgSent TblVer InQ OutQ Up/Down State/PfxRcd PfxSnt Desc 192.168.0.2 4 65002 8 10 0 0 0 00:03:09 5 (Policy) N/A fe80:1::2222 4 65002 9 11 0 0 0 00:03:09 (Policy) (Policy) N/A Additionally a `show bgp neighbor` command would indicate in the `For address family:` block that: .. code-block:: frr exit1# show bgp neighbor ... For address family: IPv4 Unicast Update group 1, subgroup 1 Packet Queue length 0 Inbound soft reconfiguration allowed Community attribute sent to this neighbor(all) Inbound updates discarded due to missing policy Outbound updates discarded due to missing policy 0 accepted prefixes Reject routes with AS_SET or AS_CONFED_SET types ------------------------------------------------ .. clicmd:: bgp reject-as-sets This command enables rejection of incoming and outgoing routes having AS_SET or AS_CONFED_SET type. Suppress duplicate updates -------------------------- .. clicmd:: bgp suppress-duplicates For example, BGP routers can generate multiple identical announcements with empty community attributes if stripped at egress. This is an undesired behavior. Suppress duplicate updates if the route actually not changed. Default: enabled. Send Hard Reset CEASE Notification for Administrative Reset ----------------------------------------------------------- .. clicmd:: bgp hard-administrative-reset Send Hard Reset CEASE Notification for 'Administrative Reset' events. When disabled, and Graceful Restart Notification capability is exchanged between the peers, Graceful Restart procedures apply, and routes will be retained. Enabled by default. Disable checking if nexthop is connected on EBGP sessions --------------------------------------------------------- .. clicmd:: bgp disable-ebgp-connected-route-check This command is used to disable the connection verification process for EBGP peering sessions that are reachable by a single hop but are configured on a loopback interface or otherwise configured with a non-directly connected IP address. .. _bgp-route-flap-dampening: Route Flap Dampening -------------------- .. clicmd:: bgp dampening (1-45) (1-20000) (1-50000) (1-255) This command enables BGP route-flap dampening and specifies dampening parameters. half-life Half-life time for the penalty reuse-threshold Value to start reusing a route suppress-threshold Value to start suppressing a route max-suppress Maximum duration to suppress a stable route The route-flap damping algorithm is compatible with :rfc:`2439`. The use of this command is not recommended nowadays. At the moment, route-flap dampening is not working per VRF and is working only for IPv4 unicast and multicast. .. seealso:: https://www.ripe.net/publications/docs/ripe-378 .. _bgp-med: Multi-Exit Discriminator ------------------------ The BGP :abbr:`MED (Multi-Exit Discriminator)` attribute has properties which can cause subtle convergence problems in BGP. These properties and problems have proven to be hard to understand, at least historically, and may still not be widely understood. The following attempts to collect together and present what is known about MED, to help operators and FRR users in designing and configuring their networks. The BGP :abbr:`MED` attribute is intended to allow one AS to indicate its preferences for its ingress points to another AS. The MED attribute will not be propagated on to another AS by the receiving AS - it is 'non-transitive' in the BGP sense. E.g., if AS X and AS Y have 2 different BGP peering points, then AS X might set a MED of 100 on routes advertised at one and a MED of 200 at the other. When AS Y selects between otherwise equal routes to or via AS X, AS Y should prefer to take the path via the lower MED peering of 100 with AS X. Setting the MED allows an AS to influence the routing taken to it within another, neighbouring AS. In this use of MED it is not really meaningful to compare the MED value on routes where the next AS on the paths differs. E.g., if AS Y also had a route for some destination via AS Z in addition to the routes from AS X, and AS Z had also set a MED, it wouldn't make sense for AS Y to compare AS Z's MED values to those of AS X. The MED values have been set by different administrators, with different frames of reference. The default behaviour of BGP therefore is to not compare MED values across routes received from different neighbouring ASes. In FRR this is done by comparing the neighbouring, left-most AS in the received AS_PATHs of the routes and only comparing MED if those are the same. Unfortunately, this behaviour of MED, of sometimes being compared across routes and sometimes not, depending on the properties of those other routes, means MED can cause the order of preference over all the routes to be undefined. That is, given routes A, B, and C, if A is preferred to B, and B is preferred to C, then a well-defined order should mean the preference is transitive (in the sense of orders [#med-transitivity-rant]_) and that A would be preferred to C. However, when MED is involved this need not be the case. With MED it is possible that C is actually preferred over A. So A is preferred to B, B is preferred to C, but C is preferred to A. This can be true even where BGP defines a deterministic 'most preferred' route out of the full set of A,B,C. With MED, for any given set of routes there may be a deterministically preferred route, but there need not be any way to arrange them into any order of preference. With unmodified MED, the order of preference of routes literally becomes undefined. That MED can induce non-transitive preferences over routes can cause issues. Firstly, it may be perceived to cause routing table churn locally at speakers; secondly, and more seriously, it may cause routing instability in iBGP topologies, where sets of speakers continually oscillate between different paths. The first issue arises from how speakers often implement routing decisions. Though BGP defines a selection process that will deterministically select the same route as best at any given speaker, even with MED, that process requires evaluating all routes together. For performance and ease of implementation reasons, many implementations evaluate route preferences in a pair-wise fashion instead. Given there is no well-defined order when MED is involved, the best route that will be chosen becomes subject to implementation details, such as the order the routes are stored in. That may be (locally) non-deterministic, e.g.: it may be the order the routes were received in. This indeterminism may be considered undesirable, though it need not cause problems. It may mean additional routing churn is perceived, as sometimes more updates may be produced than at other times in reaction to some event . This first issue can be fixed with a more deterministic route selection that ensures routes are ordered by the neighbouring AS during selection. :clicmd:`bgp deterministic-med`. This may reduce the number of updates as routes are received, and may in some cases reduce routing churn. Though, it could equally deterministically produce the largest possible set of updates in response to the most common sequence of received updates. A deterministic order of evaluation tends to imply an additional overhead of sorting over any set of n routes to a destination. The implementation of deterministic MED in FRR scales significantly worse than most sorting algorithms at present, with the number of paths to a given destination. That number is often low enough to not cause any issues, but where there are many paths, the deterministic comparison may quickly become increasingly expensive in terms of CPU. Deterministic local evaluation can *not* fix the second, more major, issue of MED however. Which is that the non-transitive preference of routes MED can cause may lead to routing instability or oscillation across multiple speakers in iBGP topologies. This can occur with full-mesh iBGP, but is particularly problematic in non-full-mesh iBGP topologies that further reduce the routing information known to each speaker. This has primarily been documented with iBGP :ref:`route-reflection ` topologies. However, any route-hiding technologies potentially could also exacerbate oscillation with MED. This second issue occurs where speakers each have only a subset of routes, and there are cycles in the preferences between different combinations of routes - as the undefined order of preference of MED allows - and the routes are distributed in a way that causes the BGP speakers to 'chase' those cycles. This can occur even if all speakers use a deterministic order of evaluation in route selection. E.g., speaker 4 in AS A might receive a route from speaker 2 in AS X, and from speaker 3 in AS Y; while speaker 5 in AS A might receive that route from speaker 1 in AS Y. AS Y might set a MED of 200 at speaker 1, and 100 at speaker 3. I.e, using ASN:ID:MED to label the speakers: :: . /---------------\\ X:2------|--A:4-------A:5--|-Y:1:200 Y:3:100--|-/ | \\---------------/ Assuming all other metrics are equal (AS_PATH, ORIGIN, 0 IGP costs), then based on the RFC4271 decision process speaker 4 will choose X:2 over Y:3:100, based on the lower ID of 2. Speaker 4 advertises X:2 to speaker 5. Speaker 5 will continue to prefer Y:1:200 based on the ID, and advertise this to speaker 4. Speaker 4 will now have the full set of routes, and the Y:1:200 it receives from 5 will beat X:2, but when speaker 4 compares Y:1:200 to Y:3:100 the MED check now becomes active as the ASes match, and now Y:3:100 is preferred. Speaker 4 therefore now advertises Y:3:100 to 5, which will also agrees that Y:3:100 is preferred to Y:1:200, and so withdraws the latter route from 4. Speaker 4 now has only X:2 and Y:3:100, and X:2 beats Y:3:100, and so speaker 4 implicitly updates its route to speaker 5 to X:2. Speaker 5 sees that Y:1:200 beats X:2 based on the ID, and advertises Y:1:200 to speaker 4, and the cycle continues. The root cause is the lack of a clear order of preference caused by how MED sometimes is and sometimes is not compared, leading to this cycle in the preferences between the routes: :: . /---> X:2 ---beats---> Y:3:100 --\\ | | | | \\---beats--- Y:1:200 <---beats---/ This particular type of oscillation in full-mesh iBGP topologies can be avoided by speakers preferring already selected, external routes rather than choosing to update to new a route based on a post-MED metric (e.g. router-ID), at the cost of a non-deterministic selection process. FRR implements this, as do many other implementations, so long as it is not overridden by setting :clicmd:`bgp bestpath compare-routerid`, and see also :ref:`bgp-route-selection`. However, more complex and insidious cycles of oscillation are possible with iBGP route-reflection, which are not so easily avoided. These have been documented in various places. See, e.g.: - [bgp-route-osci-cond]_ - [stable-flexible-ibgp]_ - [ibgp-correctness]_ for concrete examples and further references. There is as of this writing *no* known way to use MED for its original purpose; *and* reduce routing information in iBGP topologies; *and* be sure to avoid the instability problems of MED due the non-transitive routing preferences it can induce; in general on arbitrary networks. There may be iBGP topology specific ways to reduce the instability risks, even while using MED, e.g.: by constraining the reflection topology and by tuning IGP costs between route-reflector clusters, see :rfc:`3345` for details. In the near future, the Add-Path extension to BGP may also solve MED oscillation while still allowing MED to be used as intended, by distributing "best-paths per neighbour AS". This would be at the cost of distributing at least as many routes to all speakers as a full-mesh iBGP would, if not more, while also imposing similar CPU overheads as the "Deterministic MED" feature at each Add-Path reflector. More generally, the instability problems that MED can introduce on more complex, non-full-mesh, iBGP topologies may be avoided either by: - Setting :clicmd:`bgp always-compare-med`, however this allows MED to be compared across values set by different neighbour ASes, which may not produce coherent desirable results, of itself. - Effectively ignoring MED by setting MED to the same value (e.g.: 0) using :clicmd:`set metric METRIC` on all received routes, in combination with setting :clicmd:`bgp always-compare-med` on all speakers. This is the simplest and most performant way to avoid MED oscillation issues, where an AS is happy not to allow neighbours to inject this problematic metric. As MED is evaluated after the AS_PATH length check, another possible use for MED is for intra-AS steering of routes with equal AS_PATH length, as an extension of the last case above. As MED is evaluated before IGP metric, this can allow cold-potato routing to be implemented to send traffic to preferred hand-offs with neighbours, rather than the closest hand-off according to the IGP metric. Note that even if action is taken to address the MED non-transitivity issues, other oscillations may still be possible. E.g., on IGP cost if iBGP and IGP topologies are at cross-purposes with each other - see the Flavel and Roughan paper above for an example. Hence the guideline that the iBGP topology should follow the IGP topology. .. clicmd:: bgp deterministic-med Carry out route-selection in way that produces deterministic answers locally, even in the face of MED and the lack of a well-defined order of preference it can induce on routes. Without this option the preferred route with MED may be determined largely by the order that routes were received in. Setting this option will have a performance cost that may be noticeable when there are many routes for each destination. Currently in FRR it is implemented in a way that scales poorly as the number of routes per destination increases. The default is that this option is not set. Note that there are other sources of indeterminism in the route selection process, specifically, the preference for older and already selected routes from eBGP peers, :ref:`bgp-route-selection`. .. clicmd:: bgp always-compare-med Always compare the MED on routes, even when they were received from different neighbouring ASes. Setting this option makes the order of preference of routes more defined, and should eliminate MED induced oscillations. If using this option, it may also be desirable to use :clicmd:`set metric METRIC` to set MED to 0 on routes received from external neighbours. This option can be used, together with :clicmd:`set metric METRIC` to use MED as an intra-AS metric to steer equal-length AS_PATH routes to, e.g., desired exit points. .. _bgp-graceful-restart: Graceful Restart ---------------- BGP graceful restart functionality as defined in `RFC-4724 `_ defines the mechanisms that allows BGP speaker to continue to forward data packets along known routes while the routing protocol information is being restored. Usually, when BGP on a router restarts, all the BGP peers detect that the session went down and then came up. This "down/up" transition results in a "routing flap" and causes BGP route re-computation, generation of BGP routing updates, and unnecessary churn to the forwarding tables. The following functionality is provided by graceful restart: 1. The feature allows the restarting router to indicate to the helping peer the routes it can preserve in its forwarding plane during control plane restart by sending graceful restart capability in the OPEN message sent during session establishment. 2. The feature allows helping router to advertise to all other peers the routes received from the restarting router which are preserved in the forwarding plane of the restarting router during control plane restart. :: (R1)-----------------------------------------------------------------(R2) 1. BGP Graceful Restart Capability exchanged between R1 & R2. <---------------------------------------------------------------------> 2. Kill BGP Process at R1. ----------------------------------------------------------------------> 3. R2 Detects the above BGP Restart & verifies BGP Restarting Capability of R1. 4. Start BGP Process at R1. 5. Re-establish the BGP session between R1 & R2. <---------------------------------------------------------------------> 6. R2 Send initial route updates, followed by End-Of-Rib. <---------------------------------------------------------------------- 7. R1 was waiting for End-Of-Rib from R2 & which has been received now. 8. R1 now runs BGP Best-Path algorithm. Send Initial BGP Update, followed by End-Of Rib <---------------------------------------------------------------------> .. _bgp-GR-preserve-forwarding-state: BGP-GR Preserve-Forwarding State ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ BGP OPEN message carrying optional capabilities for Graceful Restart has 8 bit “Flags for Address Family” for given AFI and SAFI. This field contains bit flags relating to routes that were advertised with the given AFI and SAFI. .. code-block:: frr 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ |F| Reserved | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ The most significant bit is defined as the Forwarding State (F) bit, which can be used to indicate whether the forwarding state for routes that were advertised with the given AFI and SAFI has indeed been preserved during the previous BGP restart. When set (value 1), the bit indicates that the forwarding state has been preserved. The remaining bits are reserved and MUST be set to zero by the sender and ignored by the receiver. .. clicmd:: bgp graceful-restart preserve-fw-state FRR gives us the option to enable/disable the "F" flag using this specific vty command. However, it doesn't have the option to enable/disable this flag only for specific AFI/SAFI i.e. when this command is used, it applied to all the supported AFI/SAFI combinations for this peer. .. _bgp-end-of-rib-message: End-of-RIB (EOR) message ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ An UPDATE message with no reachable Network Layer Reachability Information (NLRI) and empty withdrawn NLRI is specified as the End-of-RIB marker that can be used by a BGP speaker to indicate to its peer the completion of the initial routing update after the session is established. For the IPv4 unicast address family, the End-of-RIB marker is an UPDATE message with the minimum length. For any other address family, it is an UPDATE message that contains only the MP_UNREACH_NLRI attribute with no withdrawn routes for that . Although the End-of-RIB marker is specified for the purpose of BGP graceful restart, it is noted that the generation of such a marker upon completion of the initial update would be useful for routing convergence in general, and thus the practice is recommended. .. _bgp-route-selection-deferral-timer: Route Selection Deferral Timer ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Specifies the time the restarting router defers the route selection process after restart. Restarting Router : The usage of route election deferral timer is specified in https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4724#section-4.1 Once the session between the Restarting Speaker and the Receiving Speaker is re-established, the Restarting Speaker will receive and process BGP messages from its peers. However, it MUST defer route selection for an address family until it either. 1. Receives the End-of-RIB marker from all its peers (excluding the ones with the "Restart State" bit set in the received capability and excluding the ones that do not advertise the graceful restart capability). 2. The Selection_Deferral_Timer timeout. .. clicmd:: bgp graceful-restart select-defer-time (0-3600) This is command, will set deferral time to value specified. .. clicmd:: bgp graceful-restart rib-stale-time (1-3600) This is command, will set the time for which stale routes are kept in RIB. .. clicmd:: bgp graceful-restart restart-time (0-4095) Set the time to wait to delete stale routes before a BGP open message is received. Using with Long-lived Graceful Restart capability, this is recommended setting this timer to 0 and control stale routes with ``bgp long-lived-graceful-restart stale-time``. Default value is 120. .. clicmd:: bgp graceful-restart stalepath-time (1-4095) This is command, will set the max time (in seconds) to hold onto restarting peer's stale paths. It also controls Enhanced Route-Refresh timer. If this command is configured and the router does not receive a Route-Refresh EoRR message, the router removes the stale routes from the BGP table after the timer expires. The stale path timer is started when the router receives a Route-Refresh BoRR message. .. clicmd:: bgp graceful-restart notification Indicate Graceful Restart support for BGP NOTIFICATION messages. After changing this parameter, you have to reset the peers in order to advertise N-bit in Graceful Restart capability. Without Graceful-Restart Notification capability (N-bit not set), GR is not activated when receiving CEASE/HOLDTIME expire notifications. When sending ``CEASE/Administrative Reset`` (``clear bgp``), the session is closed and routes are not retained. When N-bit is set and ``bgp hard-administrative-reset`` is turned off Graceful-Restart is activated and routes are retained. Enabled by default. .. _bgp-per-peer-graceful-restart: BGP Per Peer Graceful Restart ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Ability to enable and disable graceful restart, helper and no GR at all mode functionality at peer level. So bgp graceful restart can be enabled at modes global BGP level or at per peer level. There are two FSM, one for BGP GR global mode and other for peer per GR. Default global mode is helper and default peer per mode is inherit from global. If per peer mode is configured, the GR mode of this particular peer will override the global mode. .. _bgp-GR-global-mode-cmd: BGP GR Global Mode Commands ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ .. clicmd:: bgp graceful-restart This command will enable BGP graceful restart functionality at the global level. .. clicmd:: bgp graceful-restart disable This command will disable both the functionality graceful restart and helper mode. .. _bgp-GR-peer-mode-cmd: BGP GR Peer Mode Commands ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ .. clicmd:: neighbor A.B.C.D graceful-restart This command will enable BGP graceful restart functionality at the peer level. .. clicmd:: neighbor A.B.C.D graceful-restart-helper This command will enable BGP graceful restart helper only functionality at the peer level. .. clicmd:: neighbor A.B.C.D graceful-restart-disable This command will disable the entire BGP graceful restart functionality at the peer level. Long-lived Graceful Restart --------------------------- Currently, only restarter mode is supported. This capability is advertised only if graceful restart capability is negotiated. .. clicmd:: bgp long-lived-graceful-restart stale-time (1-4294967295) Specifies the maximum time to wait before purging long-lived stale routes for helper routers. Default is 0, which means the feature is off by default. Only graceful restart takes into account. .. _bgp-shutdown: Administrative Shutdown ----------------------- .. clicmd:: bgp shutdown [message MSG...] Administrative shutdown of all peers of a bgp instance. Drop all BGP peers, but preserve their configurations. The peers are notified in accordance with `RFC 8203 `_ by sending a ``NOTIFICATION`` message with error code ``Cease`` and subcode ``Administrative Shutdown`` prior to terminating connections. This global shutdown is independent of the neighbor shutdown, meaning that individually shut down peers will not be affected by lifting it. An optional shutdown message `MSG` can be specified. .. _bgp-network: Networks -------- .. clicmd:: network A.B.C.D/M This command adds the announcement network. .. code-block:: frr router bgp 1 address-family ipv4 unicast network 10.0.0.0/8 exit-address-family This configuration example says that network 10.0.0.0/8 will be announced to all neighbors. Some vendors' routers don't advertise routes if they aren't present in their IGP routing tables; `bgpd` doesn't care about IGP routes when announcing its routes. .. clicmd:: bgp network import-check This configuration modifies the behavior of the network statement. If you have this configured the underlying network must exist in the rib. If you have the [no] form configured then BGP will not check for the networks existence in the rib. For versions 7.3 and before frr defaults for datacenter were the network must exist, traditional did not check for existence. For versions 7.4 and beyond both traditional and datacenter the network must exist. .. _bgp-ipv6-support: IPv6 Support ------------ .. clicmd:: neighbor A.B.C.D activate This configuration modifies whether to enable an address family for a specific neighbor. By default only the IPv4 unicast address family is enabled. .. code-block:: frr router bgp 1 address-family ipv6 unicast neighbor 2001:0DB8::1 activate network 2001:0DB8:5009::/64 exit-address-family This configuration example says that network 2001:0DB8:5009::/64 will be announced and enables the neighbor 2001:0DB8::1 to receive this announcement. By default, only the IPv4 unicast address family is announced to all neighbors. Using the 'no bgp default ipv4-unicast' configuration overrides this default so that all address families need to be enabled explicitly. .. code-block:: frr router bgp 1 no bgp default ipv4-unicast neighbor 10.10.10.1 remote-as 2 neighbor 2001:0DB8::1 remote-as 3 address-family ipv4 unicast neighbor 10.10.10.1 activate network 192.168.1.0/24 exit-address-family address-family ipv6 unicast neighbor 2001:0DB8::1 activate network 2001:0DB8:5009::/64 exit-address-family This configuration demonstrates how the 'no bgp default ipv4-unicast' might be used in a setup with two upstreams where each of the upstreams should only receive either IPv4 or IPv6 announcements. Using the ``bgp default ipv6-unicast`` configuration, IPv6 unicast address family is enabled by default for all new neighbors. .. _bgp-route-aggregation: Route Aggregation ----------------- .. _bgp-route-aggregation-ipv4: Route Aggregation-IPv4 Address Family ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ .. clicmd:: aggregate-address A.B.C.D/M This command specifies an aggregate address. In order to advertise an aggregated prefix, a more specific (longer) prefix MUST exist in the BGP table. For example, if you want to create an ``aggregate-address 10.0.0.0/24``, you should make sure you have something like ``10.0.0.5/32`` or ``10.0.0.0/26``, or any other smaller prefix in the BGP table. The routing information table (RIB) is not enough, you have to redistribute them into the BGP table. .. clicmd:: aggregate-address A.B.C.D/M route-map NAME Apply a route-map for an aggregated prefix. .. clicmd:: aggregate-address A.B.C.D/M origin Override ORIGIN for an aggregated prefix. .. clicmd:: aggregate-address A.B.C.D/M as-set This command specifies an aggregate address. Resulting routes include AS set. .. clicmd:: aggregate-address A.B.C.D/M summary-only This command specifies an aggregate address. Longer prefixes advertisements of more specific routes to all neighbors are suppressed. .. clicmd:: aggregate-address A.B.C.D/M matching-MED-only Configure the aggregated address to only be created when the routes MED match, otherwise no aggregated route will be created. .. clicmd:: aggregate-address A.B.C.D/M suppress-map NAME Similar to `summary-only`, but will only suppress more specific routes that are matched by the selected route-map. This configuration example sets up an ``aggregate-address`` under the ipv4 address-family. .. code-block:: frr router bgp 1 address-family ipv4 unicast aggregate-address 10.0.0.0/8 aggregate-address 20.0.0.0/8 as-set aggregate-address 40.0.0.0/8 summary-only aggregate-address 50.0.0.0/8 route-map aggr-rmap exit-address-family .. _bgp-route-aggregation-ipv6: Route Aggregation-IPv6 Address Family ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ .. clicmd:: aggregate-address X:X::X:X/M This command specifies an aggregate address. .. clicmd:: aggregate-address X:X::X:X/M route-map NAME Apply a route-map for an aggregated prefix. .. clicmd:: aggregate-address X:X::X:X/M origin Override ORIGIN for an aggregated prefix. .. clicmd:: aggregate-address X:X::X:X/M as-set This command specifies an aggregate address. Resulting routes include AS set. .. clicmd:: aggregate-address X:X::X:X/M summary-only This command specifies an aggregate address. Longer prefixes advertisements of more specific routes to all neighbors are suppressed .. clicmd:: aggregate-address X:X::X:X/M matching-MED-only Configure the aggregated address to only be created when the routes MED match, otherwise no aggregated route will be created. .. clicmd:: aggregate-address X:X::X:X/M suppress-map NAME Similar to `summary-only`, but will only suppress more specific routes that are matched by the selected route-map. This configuration example sets up an ``aggregate-address`` under the ipv6 address-family. .. code-block:: frr router bgp 1 address-family ipv6 unicast aggregate-address 10::0/64 aggregate-address 20::0/64 as-set aggregate-address 40::0/64 summary-only aggregate-address 50::0/64 route-map aggr-rmap exit-address-family .. _bgp-redistribute-to-bgp: Redistribution -------------- Redistribution configuration should be placed under the ``address-family`` section for the specific AF to redistribute into. Protocol availability for redistribution is determined by BGP AF; for example, you cannot redistribute OSPFv3 into ``address-family ipv4 unicast`` as OSPFv3 supports IPv6. .. clicmd:: redistribute [metric (0-4294967295)] [route-map WORD] Redistribute routes from other protocols into BGP. .. clicmd:: redistribute vnc-direct Redistribute VNC direct (not via zebra) routes to BGP process. .. clicmd:: bgp update-delay MAX-DELAY .. clicmd:: bgp update-delay MAX-DELAY ESTABLISH-WAIT This feature is used to enable read-only mode on BGP process restart or when a BGP process is cleared using 'clear ip bgp \*'. Note that this command is configured at the global level and applies to all bgp instances/vrfs. It cannot be used at the same time as the "update-delay" command described below, which is entered in each bgp instance/vrf desired to delay update installation and advertisements. The global and per-vrf approaches to defining update-delay are mutually exclusive. When applicable, read-only mode would begin as soon as the first peer reaches Established status and a timer for max-delay seconds is started. During this mode BGP doesn't run any best-path or generate any updates to its peers. This mode continues until: 1. All the configured peers, except the shutdown peers, have sent explicit EOR (End-Of-RIB) or an implicit-EOR. The first keep-alive after BGP has reached Established is considered an implicit-EOR. If the establish-wait optional value is given, then BGP will wait for peers to reach established from the beginning of the update-delay till the establish-wait period is over, i.e. the minimum set of established peers for which EOR is expected would be peers established during the establish-wait window, not necessarily all the configured neighbors. 2. max-delay period is over. On hitting any of the above two conditions, BGP resumes the decision process and generates updates to its peers. Default max-delay is 0, i.e. the feature is off by default. .. clicmd:: update-delay MAX-DELAY .. clicmd:: update-delay MAX-DELAY ESTABLISH-WAIT This feature is used to enable read-only mode on BGP process restart or when a BGP process is cleared using 'clear ip bgp \*'. Note that this command is configured under the specific bgp instance/vrf that the feature is enabled for. It cannot be used at the same time as the global "bgp update-delay" described above, which is entered at the global level and applies to all bgp instances. The global and per-vrf approaches to defining update-delay are mutually exclusive. When applicable, read-only mode would begin as soon as the first peer reaches Established status and a timer for max-delay seconds is started. During this mode BGP doesn't run any best-path or generate any updates to its peers. This mode continues until: 1. All the configured peers, except the shutdown peers, have sent explicit EOR (End-Of-RIB) or an implicit-EOR. The first keep-alive after BGP has reached Established is considered an implicit-EOR. If the establish-wait optional value is given, then BGP will wait for peers to reach established from the beginning of the update-delay till the establish-wait period is over, i.e. the minimum set of established peers for which EOR is expected would be peers established during the establish-wait window, not necessarily all the configured neighbors. 2. max-delay period is over. On hitting any of the above two conditions, BGP resumes the decision process and generates updates to its peers. Default max-delay is 0, i.e. the feature is off by default. .. clicmd:: table-map ROUTE-MAP-NAME This feature is used to apply a route-map on route updates from BGP to Zebra. All the applicable match operations are allowed, such as match on prefix, next-hop, communities, etc. Set operations for this attach-point are limited to metric and next-hop only. Any operation of this feature does not affect BGPs internal RIB. Supported for ipv4 and ipv6 address families. It works on multi-paths as well, however, metric setting is based on the best-path only. .. _bgp-peers: Peers ----- .. _bgp-defining-peers: Defining Peers ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ .. clicmd:: neighbor PEER remote-as ASN Creates a new neighbor whose remote-as is ASN. PEER can be an IPv4 address or an IPv6 address or an interface to use for the connection. .. code-block:: frr router bgp 1 neighbor 10.0.0.1 remote-as 2 In this case my router, in AS-1, is trying to peer with AS-2 at 10.0.0.1. This command must be the first command used when configuring a neighbor. If the remote-as is not specified, *bgpd* will complain like this: :: can't find neighbor 10.0.0.1 .. clicmd:: neighbor PEER remote-as internal Create a peer as you would when you specify an ASN, except that if the peers ASN is different than mine as specified under the :clicmd:`router bgp ASN` command the connection will be denied. .. clicmd:: neighbor PEER remote-as external Create a peer as you would when you specify an ASN, except that if the peers ASN is the same as mine as specified under the :clicmd:`router bgp ASN` command the connection will be denied. .. clicmd:: bgp listen range peer-group PGNAME Accept connections from any peers in the specified prefix. Configuration from the specified peer-group is used to configure these peers. .. note:: When using BGP listen ranges, if the associated peer group has TCP MD5 authentication configured, your kernel must support this on prefixes. On Linux, this support was added in kernel version 4.14. If your kernel does not support this feature you will get a warning in the log file, and the listen range will only accept connections from peers without MD5 configured. Additionally, we have observed that when using this option at scale (several hundred peers) the kernel may hit its option memory limit. In this situation you will see error messages like: ``bgpd: sockopt_tcp_signature: setsockopt(23): Cannot allocate memory`` In this case you need to increase the value of the sysctl ``net.core.optmem_max`` to allow the kernel to allocate the necessary option memory. .. clicmd:: bgp listen limit <1-65535> Define the maximum number of peers accepted for one BGP instance. This limit is set to 100 by default. Increasing this value will really be possible if more file descriptors are available in the BGP process. This value is defined by the underlying system (ulimit value), and can be overridden by `--limit-fds`. More information is available in chapter (:ref:`common-invocation-options`). .. clicmd:: coalesce-time (0-4294967295) The time in milliseconds that BGP will delay before deciding what peers can be put into an update-group together in order to generate a single update for them. The default time is 1000. .. _bgp-configuring-peers: Configuring Peers ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ .. clicmd:: neighbor PEER shutdown [message MSG...] [rtt (1-65535) [count (1-255)]] Shutdown the peer. We can delete the neighbor's configuration by ``no neighbor PEER remote-as ASN`` but all configuration of the neighbor will be deleted. When you want to preserve the configuration, but want to drop the BGP peer, use this syntax. Optionally you can specify a shutdown message `MSG`. Also, you can specify optionally ``rtt`` in milliseconds to automatically shutdown the peer if round-trip-time becomes higher than defined. Additional ``count`` parameter is the number of keepalive messages to count before shutdown the peer if round-trip-time becomes higher than defined. .. clicmd:: neighbor PEER disable-connected-check Allow peerings between directly connected eBGP peers using loopback addresses. .. clicmd:: neighbor PEER disable-link-bw-encoding-ieee By default bandwidth in extended communities is carried encoded as IEEE floating-point format, which is according to the draft. Older versions have the implementation where extended community bandwidth value is carried encoded as uint32. To enable backward compatibility we need to disable IEEE floating-point encoding option per-peer. .. clicmd:: neighbor PEER extended-optional-parameters Force Extended Optional Parameters Length format to be used for OPEN messages. By default, it's disabled. If the standard optional parameters length is higher than one-octet (255), then extended format is enabled automatically. For testing purposes, extended format can be enabled with this command. .. clicmd:: neighbor PEER ebgp-multihop Specifying ``ebgp-multihop`` allows sessions with eBGP neighbors to establish when they are multiple hops away. When the neighbor is not directly connected and this knob is not enabled, the session will not establish. If the peer's IP address is not in the RIB and is reachable via the default route, then you have to enable ``ip nht resolve-via-default``. .. clicmd:: neighbor PEER description ... Set description of the peer. .. clicmd:: neighbor PEER interface IFNAME When you connect to a BGP peer over an IPv6 link-local address, you have to specify the IFNAME of the interface used for the connection. To specify IPv4 session addresses, see the ``neighbor PEER update-source`` command below. .. clicmd:: neighbor PEER interface remote-as Configure an unnumbered BGP peer. ``PEER`` should be an interface name. The session will be established via IPv6 link locals. Use ``internal`` for iBGP and ``external`` for eBGP sessions, or specify an ASN if you wish. .. clicmd:: neighbor PEER next-hop-self [force] This command specifies an announced route's nexthop as being equivalent to the address of the bgp router if it is learned via eBGP. This will also bypass third-party next-hops in favor of the local bgp address. If the optional keyword ``force`` is specified the modification is done also for routes learned via iBGP. .. clicmd:: neighbor PEER attribute-unchanged [{as-path|next-hop|med}] This command specifies attributes to be left unchanged for advertisements sent to a peer. Use this to leave the next-hop unchanged in ipv6 configurations, as the route-map directive to leave the next-hop unchanged is only available for ipv4. .. clicmd:: neighbor PEER update-source Specify the IPv4 source address to use for the :abbr:`BGP` session to this neighbour, may be specified as either an IPv4 address directly or as an interface name (in which case the *zebra* daemon MUST be running in order for *bgpd* to be able to retrieve interface state). .. code-block:: frr router bgp 64555 neighbor foo update-source 192.168.0.1 neighbor bar update-source lo0 .. clicmd:: neighbor PEER default-originate [route-map WORD] *bgpd*'s default is to not announce the default route (0.0.0.0/0) even if it is in routing table. When you want to announce default routes to the peer, use this command. If ``route-map`` keyword is specified, then the default route will be originated only if route-map conditions are met. For example, announce the default route only if ``10.10.10.10/32`` route exists and set an arbitrary community for a default route. .. code-block:: frr router bgp 64555 address-family ipv4 unicast neighbor 192.168.255.1 default-originate route-map default ! ip prefix-list p1 seq 5 permit 10.10.10.10/32 ! route-map default permit 10 match ip address prefix-list p1 set community 123:123 ! .. clicmd:: neighbor PEER port PORT .. clicmd:: neighbor PEER password PASSWORD Set a MD5 password to be used with the tcp socket that is being used to connect to the remote peer. Please note if you are using this command with a large number of peers on linux you should consider modifying the `net.core.optmem_max` sysctl to a larger value to avoid out of memory errors from the linux kernel. .. clicmd:: neighbor PEER send-community .. clicmd:: neighbor PEER weight WEIGHT This command specifies a default `weight` value for the neighbor's routes. .. clicmd:: neighbor PEER maximum-prefix NUMBER [force] Sets a maximum number of prefixes we can receive from a given peer. If this number is exceeded, the BGP session will be destroyed. In practice, it is generally preferable to use a prefix-list to limit what prefixes are received from the peer instead of using this knob. Tearing down the BGP session when a limit is exceeded is far more destructive than merely rejecting undesired prefixes. The prefix-list method is also much more granular and offers much smarter matching criterion than number of received prefixes, making it more suited to implementing policy. If ``force`` is set, then ALL prefixes are counted for maximum instead of accepted only. This is useful for cases where an inbound filter is applied, but you want maximum-prefix to act on ALL (including filtered) prefixes. This option requires `soft-reconfiguration inbound` to be enabled for the peer. .. clicmd:: neighbor PEER maximum-prefix-out NUMBER Sets a maximum number of prefixes we can send to a given peer. Since sent prefix count is managed by update-groups, this option creates a separate update-group for outgoing updates. .. clicmd:: neighbor PEER local-as AS-NUMBER [no-prepend] [replace-as] Specify an alternate AS for this BGP process when interacting with the specified peer. With no modifiers, the specified local-as is prepended to the received AS_PATH when receiving routing updates from the peer, and prepended to the outgoing AS_PATH (after the process local AS) when transmitting local routes to the peer. If the no-prepend attribute is specified, then the supplied local-as is not prepended to the received AS_PATH. If the replace-as attribute is specified, then only the supplied local-as is prepended to the AS_PATH when transmitting local-route updates to this peer. Note that replace-as can only be specified if no-prepend is. This command is only allowed for eBGP peers. .. clicmd:: neighbor as-override Override AS number of the originating router with the local AS number. Usually this configuration is used in PEs (Provider Edge) to replace the incoming customer AS number so the connected CE (Customer Edge) can use the same AS number as the other customer sites. This allows customers of the provider network to use the same AS number across their sites. This command is only allowed for eBGP peers. .. clicmd:: neighbor allowas-in [<(1-10)|origin>] Accept incoming routes with AS path containing AS number with the same value as the current system AS. This is used when you want to use the same AS number in your sites, but you can't connect them directly. This is an alternative to `neighbor WORD as-override`. The parameter `(1-10)` configures the amount of accepted occurrences of the system AS number in AS path. The parameter `origin` configures BGP to only accept routes originated with the same AS number as the system. This command is only allowed for eBGP peers. .. clicmd:: neighbor addpath-tx-all-paths Configure BGP to send all known paths to neighbor in order to preserve multi path capabilities inside a network. .. clicmd:: neighbor addpath-tx-bestpath-per-AS Configure BGP to send best known paths to neighbor in order to preserve multi path capabilities inside a network. .. clicmd:: neighbor disable-addpath-rx Do not accept additional paths from this neighbor. .. clicmd:: neighbor PEER ttl-security hops NUMBER This command enforces Generalized TTL Security Mechanism (GTSM), as specified in RFC 5082. With this command, only neighbors that are the specified number of hops away will be allowed to become neighbors. This command is mutually exclusive with *ebgp-multihop*. .. clicmd:: neighbor PEER capability extended-nexthop Allow bgp to negotiate the extended-nexthop capability with it's peer. If you are peering over a v6 LL address then this capability is turned on automatically. If you are peering over a v6 Global Address then turning on this command will allow BGP to install v4 routes with v6 nexthops if you do not have v4 configured on interfaces. .. clicmd:: bgp fast-external-failover This command causes bgp to take down ebgp peers immediately when a link flaps. `bgp fast-external-failover` is the default and will not be displayed as part of a `show run`. The no form of the command turns off this ability. .. clicmd:: bgp default ipv4-unicast This command allows the user to specify that the IPv4 Unicast address family is turned on by default or not. This command defaults to on and is not displayed. The `no bgp default ipv4-unicast` form of the command is displayed. .. clicmd:: bgp default ipv4-multicast This command allows the user to specify that the IPv4 Multicast address family is turned on by default or not. This command defaults to off and is not displayed. The `bgp default ipv4-multicast` form of the command is displayed. .. clicmd:: bgp default ipv4-vpn This command allows the user to specify that the IPv4 MPLS VPN address family is turned on by default or not. This command defaults to off and is not displayed. The `bgp default ipv4-vpn` form of the command is displayed. .. clicmd:: bgp default ipv4-flowspec This command allows the user to specify that the IPv4 Flowspec address family is turned on by default or not. This command defaults to off and is not displayed. The `bgp default ipv4-flowspec` form of the command is displayed. .. clicmd:: bgp default ipv6-unicast This command allows the user to specify that the IPv6 Unicast address family is turned on by default or not. This command defaults to off and is not displayed. The `bgp default ipv6-unicast` form of the command is displayed. .. clicmd:: bgp default ipv6-multicast This command allows the user to specify that the IPv6 Multicast address family is turned on by default or not. This command defaults to off and is not displayed. The `bgp default ipv6-multicast` form of the command is displayed. .. clicmd:: bgp default ipv6-vpn This command allows the user to specify that the IPv6 MPLS VPN address family is turned on by default or not. This command defaults to off and is not displayed. The `bgp default ipv6-vpn` form of the command is displayed. .. clicmd:: bgp default ipv6-flowspec This command allows the user to specify that the IPv6 Flowspec address family is turned on by default or not. This command defaults to off and is not displayed. The `bgp default ipv6-flowspec` form of the command is displayed. .. clicmd:: bgp default l2vpn-evpn This command allows the user to specify that the L2VPN EVPN address family is turned on by default or not. This command defaults to off and is not displayed. The `bgp default l2vpn-evpn` form of the command is displayed. .. clicmd:: bgp default show-hostname This command shows the hostname of the peer in certain BGP commands outputs. It's easier to troubleshoot if you have a number of BGP peers. .. clicmd:: bgp default show-nexthop-hostname This command shows the hostname of the next-hop in certain BGP commands outputs. It's easier to troubleshoot if you have a number of BGP peers and a number of routes to check. .. clicmd:: neighbor PEER advertisement-interval (0-600) Setup the minimum route advertisement interval(mrai) for the peer in question. This number is between 0 and 600 seconds, with the default advertisement interval being 0. .. clicmd:: neighbor PEER timers (0-65535) (0-65535) Set keepalive and hold timers for a neighbor. The first value is keepalive and the second is hold time. .. clicmd:: neighbor PEER timers connect (1-65535) Set connect timer for a neighbor. The connect timer controls how long BGP waits between connection attempts to a neighbor. .. clicmd:: neighbor PEER timers delayopen (1-240) This command allows the user enable the `RFC 4271 ` DelayOpenTimer with the specified interval or disable it with the negating command for the peer. By default, the DelayOpenTimer is disabled. The timer interval may be set to a duration of 1 to 240 seconds. .. clicmd:: bgp minimum-holdtime (1-65535) This command allows user to prevent session establishment with BGP peers with lower holdtime less than configured minimum holdtime. When this command is not set, minimum holdtime does not work. Displaying Information about Peers ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ .. clicmd:: show bgp neighbors WORD bestpath-routes [json] [wide] For the given neighbor, WORD, that is specified list the routes selected by BGP as having the best path. .. _bgp-peer-filtering: Peer Filtering ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ .. clicmd:: neighbor PEER distribute-list NAME [in|out] This command specifies a distribute-list for the peer. `direct` is ``in`` or ``out``. .. clicmd:: neighbor PEER prefix-list NAME [in|out] .. clicmd:: neighbor PEER filter-list NAME [in|out] .. clicmd:: neighbor PEER route-map NAME [in|out] Apply a route-map on the neighbor. `direct` must be `in` or `out`. .. clicmd:: bgp route-reflector allow-outbound-policy By default, attribute modification via route-map policy out is not reflected on reflected routes. This option allows the modifications to be reflected as well. Once enabled, it affects all reflected routes. .. clicmd:: neighbor PEER sender-as-path-loop-detection Enable the detection of sender side AS path loops and filter the bad routes before they are sent. This setting is disabled by default. .. _bgp-peer-group: Peer Groups ^^^^^^^^^^^ Peer groups are used to help improve scaling by generating the same update information to all members of a peer group. Note that this means that the routes generated by a member of a peer group will be sent back to that originating peer with the originator identifier attribute set to indicated the originating peer. All peers not associated with a specific peer group are treated as belonging to a default peer group, and will share updates. .. clicmd:: neighbor WORD peer-group This command defines a new peer group. .. clicmd:: neighbor PEER peer-group PGNAME This command bind specific peer to peer group WORD. .. clicmd:: neighbor PEER solo This command is used to indicate that routes advertised by the peer should not be reflected back to the peer. This command only is only meaningful when there is a single peer defined in the peer-group. .. clicmd:: show [ip] bgp peer-group [json] This command displays configured BGP peer-groups. .. code-block:: frr exit1-debian-9# show bgp peer-group BGP peer-group test1, remote AS 65001 Peer-group type is external Configured address-families: IPv4 Unicast; IPv6 Unicast; 1 IPv4 listen range(s) 192.168.100.0/24 2 IPv6 listen range(s) 2001:db8:1::/64 2001:db8:2::/64 Peer-group members: 192.168.200.1 Active 2001:db8::1 Active BGP peer-group test2 Peer-group type is external Configured address-families: IPv4 Unicast; Optional ``json`` parameter is used to display JSON output. .. code-block:: frr { "test1":{ "remoteAs":65001, "type":"external", "addressFamiliesConfigured":[ "IPv4 Unicast", "IPv6 Unicast" ], "dynamicRanges":{ "IPv4":{ "count":1, "ranges":[ "192.168.100.0\/24" ] }, "IPv6":{ "count":2, "ranges":[ "2001:db8:1::\/64", "2001:db8:2::\/64" ] } }, "members":{ "192.168.200.1":{ "status":"Active" }, "2001:db8::1":{ "status":"Active" } } }, "test2":{ "type":"external", "addressFamiliesConfigured":[ "IPv4 Unicast" ] } } Capability Negotiation ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ .. clicmd:: neighbor PEER strict-capability-match Strictly compares remote capabilities and local capabilities. If capabilities are different, send Unsupported Capability error then reset connection. You may want to disable sending Capability Negotiation OPEN message optional parameter to the peer when remote peer does not implement Capability Negotiation. Please use *dont-capability-negotiate* command to disable the feature. .. clicmd:: neighbor PEER dont-capability-negotiate Suppress sending Capability Negotiation as OPEN message optional parameter to the peer. This command only affects the peer is configured other than IPv4 unicast configuration. When remote peer does not have capability negotiation feature, remote peer will not send any capabilities at all. In that case, bgp configures the peer with configured capabilities. You may prefer locally configured capabilities more than the negotiated capabilities even though remote peer sends capabilities. If the peer is configured by *override-capability*, *bgpd* ignores received capabilities then override negotiated capabilities with configured values. Additionally the operator should be reminded that this feature fundamentally disables the ability to use widely deployed BGP features. BGP unnumbered, hostname support, AS4, Addpath, Route Refresh, ORF, Dynamic Capabilities, and graceful restart. .. clicmd:: neighbor PEER override-capability Override the result of Capability Negotiation with local configuration. Ignore remote peer's capability value. .. _bgp-as-path-access-lists: AS Path Access Lists -------------------- AS path access list is user defined AS path. .. clicmd:: bgp as-path access-list WORD [seq (0-4294967295)] permit|deny LINE This command defines a new AS path access list. .. clicmd:: show bgp as-path-access-list [json] Display all BGP AS Path access lists. If the ``json`` option is specified, output is displayed in JSON format. .. clicmd:: show bgp as-path-access-list WORD [json] Display the specified BGP AS Path access list. If the ``json`` option is specified, output is displayed in JSON format. .. _bgp-bogon-filter-example: Bogon ASN filter policy configuration example ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ .. code-block:: frr bgp as-path access-list 99 permit _0_ bgp as-path access-list 99 permit _23456_ bgp as-path access-list 99 permit _1310[0-6][0-9]_|_13107[0-1]_ bgp as-path access-list 99 seq 20 permit ^65 .. _bgp-using-as-path-in-route-map: Using AS Path in Route Map -------------------------- .. clicmd:: match as-path WORD For a given as-path, WORD, match it on the BGP as-path given for the prefix and if it matches do normal route-map actions. The no form of the command removes this match from the route-map. .. clicmd:: set as-path prepend AS-PATH Prepend the given string of AS numbers to the AS_PATH of the BGP path's NLRI. The no form of this command removes this set operation from the route-map. .. clicmd:: set as-path prepend last-as NUM Prepend the existing last AS number (the leftmost ASN) to the AS_PATH. The no form of this command removes this set operation from the route-map. .. clicmd:: set as-path replace Replace a specific AS number to local AS number. ``any`` replaces each AS number in the AS-PATH with the local AS number. .. _bgp-communities-attribute: Communities Attribute --------------------- The BGP communities attribute is widely used for implementing policy routing. Network operators can manipulate BGP communities attribute based on their network policy. BGP communities attribute is defined in :rfc:`1997` and :rfc:`1998`. It is an optional transitive attribute, therefore local policy can travel through different autonomous system. The communities attribute is a set of communities values. Each community value is 4 octet long. The following format is used to define the community value. ``AS:VAL`` This format represents 4 octet communities value. ``AS`` is high order 2 octet in digit format. ``VAL`` is low order 2 octet in digit format. This format is useful to define AS oriented policy value. For example, ``7675:80`` can be used when AS 7675 wants to pass local policy value 80 to neighboring peer. ``internet`` ``internet`` represents well-known communities value 0. ``graceful-shutdown`` ``graceful-shutdown`` represents well-known communities value ``GRACEFUL_SHUTDOWN`` ``0xFFFF0000`` ``65535:0``. :rfc:`8326` implements the purpose Graceful BGP Session Shutdown to reduce the amount of lost traffic when taking BGP sessions down for maintenance. The use of the community needs to be supported from your peers side to actually have any effect. ``accept-own`` ``accept-own`` represents well-known communities value ``ACCEPT_OWN`` ``0xFFFF0001`` ``65535:1``. :rfc:`7611` implements a way to signal to a router to accept routes with a local nexthop address. This can be the case when doing policing and having traffic having a nexthop located in another VRF but still local interface to the router. It is recommended to read the RFC for full details. ``route-filter-translated-v4`` ``route-filter-translated-v4`` represents well-known communities value ``ROUTE_FILTER_TRANSLATED_v4`` ``0xFFFF0002`` ``65535:2``. ``route-filter-v4`` ``route-filter-v4`` represents well-known communities value ``ROUTE_FILTER_v4`` ``0xFFFF0003`` ``65535:3``. ``route-filter-translated-v6`` ``route-filter-translated-v6`` represents well-known communities value ``ROUTE_FILTER_TRANSLATED_v6`` ``0xFFFF0004`` ``65535:4``. ``route-filter-v6`` ``route-filter-v6`` represents well-known communities value ``ROUTE_FILTER_v6`` ``0xFFFF0005`` ``65535:5``. ``llgr-stale`` ``llgr-stale`` represents well-known communities value ``LLGR_STALE`` ``0xFFFF0006`` ``65535:6``. Assigned and intended only for use with routers supporting the Long-lived Graceful Restart Capability as described in [Draft-IETF-uttaro-idr-bgp-persistence]_. Routers receiving routes with this community may (depending on implementation) choose allow to reject or modify routes on the presence or absence of this community. ``no-llgr`` ``no-llgr`` represents well-known communities value ``NO_LLGR`` ``0xFFFF0007`` ``65535:7``. Assigned and intended only for use with routers supporting the Long-lived Graceful Restart Capability as described in [Draft-IETF-uttaro-idr-bgp-persistence]_. Routers receiving routes with this community may (depending on implementation) choose allow to reject or modify routes on the presence or absence of this community. ``accept-own-nexthop`` ``accept-own-nexthop`` represents well-known communities value ``accept-own-nexthop`` ``0xFFFF0008`` ``65535:8``. [Draft-IETF-agrewal-idr-accept-own-nexthop]_ describes how to tag and label VPN routes to be able to send traffic between VRFs via an internal layer 2 domain on the same PE device. Refer to [Draft-IETF-agrewal-idr-accept-own-nexthop]_ for full details. ``blackhole`` ``blackhole`` represents well-known communities value ``BLACKHOLE`` ``0xFFFF029A`` ``65535:666``. :rfc:`7999` documents sending prefixes to EBGP peers and upstream for the purpose of blackholing traffic. Prefixes tagged with the this community should normally not be re-advertised from neighbors of the originating network. Upon receiving ``BLACKHOLE`` community from a BGP speaker, ``NO_ADVERTISE`` community is added automatically. ``no-export`` ``no-export`` represents well-known communities value ``NO_EXPORT`` ``0xFFFFFF01``. All routes carry this value must not be advertised to outside a BGP confederation boundary. If neighboring BGP peer is part of BGP confederation, the peer is considered as inside a BGP confederation boundary, so the route will be announced to the peer. ``no-advertise`` ``no-advertise`` represents well-known communities value ``NO_ADVERTISE`` ``0xFFFFFF02``. All routes carry this value must not be advertise to other BGP peers. ``local-AS`` ``local-AS`` represents well-known communities value ``NO_EXPORT_SUBCONFED`` ``0xFFFFFF03``. All routes carry this value must not be advertised to external BGP peers. Even if the neighboring router is part of confederation, it is considered as external BGP peer, so the route will not be announced to the peer. ``no-peer`` ``no-peer`` represents well-known communities value ``NOPEER`` ``0xFFFFFF04`` ``65535:65284``. :rfc:`3765` is used to communicate to another network how the originating network want the prefix propagated. When the communities attribute is received duplicate community values in the attribute are ignored and value is sorted in numerical order. .. [Draft-IETF-uttaro-idr-bgp-persistence] .. [Draft-IETF-agrewal-idr-accept-own-nexthop] .. _bgp-community-lists: Community Lists ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Community lists are user defined lists of community attribute values. These lists can be used for matching or manipulating the communities attribute in UPDATE messages. There are two types of community list: standard This type accepts an explicit value for the attribute. expanded This type accepts a regular expression. Because the regex must be interpreted on each use expanded community lists are slower than standard lists. .. clicmd:: bgp community-list standard NAME permit|deny COMMUNITY This command defines a new standard community list. ``COMMUNITY`` is communities value. The ``COMMUNITY`` is compiled into community structure. We can define multiple community list under same name. In that case match will happen user defined order. Once the community list matches to communities attribute in BGP updates it return permit or deny by the community list definition. When there is no matched entry, deny will be returned. When ``COMMUNITY`` is empty it matches to any routes. .. clicmd:: bgp community-list expanded NAME permit|deny COMMUNITY This command defines a new expanded community list. ``COMMUNITY`` is a string expression of communities attribute. ``COMMUNITY`` can be a regular expression (:ref:`bgp-regular-expressions`) to match the communities attribute in BGP updates. The expanded community is only used to filter, not `set` actions. .. deprecated:: 5.0 It is recommended to use the more explicit versions of this command. .. clicmd:: bgp community-list NAME permit|deny COMMUNITY When the community list type is not specified, the community list type is automatically detected. If ``COMMUNITY`` can be compiled into communities attribute, the community list is defined as a standard community list. Otherwise it is defined as an expanded community list. This feature is left for backward compatibility. Use of this feature is not recommended. Note that all community lists share the same namespace, so it's not necessary to specify ``standard`` or ``expanded``; these modifiers are purely aesthetic. .. clicmd:: show bgp community-list [NAME detail] Displays community list information. When ``NAME`` is specified the specified community list's information is shown. :: # show bgp community-list Named Community standard list CLIST permit 7675:80 7675:100 no-export deny internet Named Community expanded list EXPAND permit : # show bgp community-list CLIST detail Named Community standard list CLIST permit 7675:80 7675:100 no-export deny internet .. _bgp-numbered-community-lists: Numbered Community Lists ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ When number is used for BGP community list name, the number has special meanings. Community list number in the range from 1 and 99 is standard community list. Community list number in the range from 100 to 500 is expanded community list. These community lists are called as numbered community lists. On the other hand normal community lists is called as named community lists. .. clicmd:: bgp community-list (1-99) permit|deny COMMUNITY This command defines a new community list. The argument to (1-99) defines the list identifier. .. clicmd:: bgp community-list (100-500) permit|deny COMMUNITY This command defines a new expanded community list. The argument to (100-500) defines the list identifier. .. _bgp-community-alias: Community alias ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ BGP community aliases are useful to quickly identify what communities are set for a specific prefix in a human-readable format. Especially handy for a huge amount of communities. Accurately defined aliases can help you faster spot things on the wire. .. clicmd:: bgp community alias NAME ALIAS This command creates an alias name for a community that will be used later in various CLI outputs in a human-readable format. .. code-block:: frr ~# vtysh -c 'show run' | grep 'bgp community alias' bgp community alias 65001:14 community-1 bgp community alias 65001:123:1 lcommunity-1 ~# vtysh -c 'show ip bgp 172.16.16.1/32' BGP routing table entry for 172.16.16.1/32, version 21 Paths: (2 available, best #2, table default) Advertised to non peer-group peers: 65030 192.168.0.2 from 192.168.0.2 (172.16.16.1) Origin incomplete, metric 0, valid, external, best (Neighbor IP) Community: 65001:12 65001:13 community-1 65001:65534 Large Community: lcommunity-1 65001:123:2 Last update: Fri Apr 16 12:51:27 2021 .. clicmd:: show bgp [afi] [safi] [all] alias WORD [wide|json] Display prefixes with matching BGP community alias. .. _bgp-using-communities-in-route-map: Using Communities in Route Maps ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ In :ref:`route-map` we can match on or set the BGP communities attribute. Using this feature network operator can implement their network policy based on BGP communities attribute. The following commands can be used in route maps: .. clicmd:: match alias WORD This command performs match to BGP updates using community alias WORD. When the one of BGP communities value match to the one of community alias value in community alias, it is match. .. clicmd:: match community WORD exact-match [exact-match] This command perform match to BGP updates using community list WORD. When the one of BGP communities value match to the one of communities value in community list, it is match. When `exact-match` keyword is specified, match happen only when BGP updates have completely same communities value specified in the community list. .. clicmd:: set community additive This command sets the community value in BGP updates. If the attribute is already configured, the newly provided value replaces the old one unless the ``additive`` keyword is specified, in which case the new value is appended to the existing value. If ``none`` is specified as the community value, the communities attribute is not sent. It is not possible to set an expanded community list. .. clicmd:: set comm-list WORD delete This command remove communities value from BGP communities attribute. The ``word`` is community list name. When BGP route's communities value matches to the community list ``word``, the communities value is removed. When all of communities value is removed eventually, the BGP update's communities attribute is completely removed. .. _bgp-communities-example: Example Configuration ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ The following configuration is exemplary of the most typical usage of BGP communities attribute. In the example, AS 7675 provides an upstream Internet connection to AS 100. When the following configuration exists in AS 7675, the network operator of AS 100 can set local preference in AS 7675 network by setting BGP communities attribute to the updates. .. code-block:: frr router bgp 7675 neighbor 192.168.0.1 remote-as 100 address-family ipv4 unicast neighbor 192.168.0.1 route-map RMAP in exit-address-family ! bgp community-list 70 permit 7675:70 bgp community-list 80 permit 7675:80 bgp community-list 90 permit 7675:90 ! route-map RMAP permit 10 match community 70 set local-preference 70 ! route-map RMAP permit 20 match community 80 set local-preference 80 ! route-map RMAP permit 30 match community 90 set local-preference 90 The following configuration announces ``10.0.0.0/8`` from AS 100 to AS 7675. The route has communities value ``7675:80`` so when above configuration exists in AS 7675, the announced routes' local preference value will be set to 80. .. code-block:: frr router bgp 100 network 10.0.0.0/8 neighbor 192.168.0.2 remote-as 7675 address-family ipv4 unicast neighbor 192.168.0.2 route-map RMAP out exit-address-family ! ip prefix-list PLIST permit 10.0.0.0/8 ! route-map RMAP permit 10 match ip address prefix-list PLIST set community 7675:80 The following configuration is an example of BGP route filtering using communities attribute. This configuration only permit BGP routes which has BGP communities value ``0:80`` or ``0:90``. The network operator can set special internal communities value at BGP border router, then limit the BGP route announcements into the internal network. .. code-block:: frr router bgp 7675 neighbor 192.168.0.1 remote-as 100 address-family ipv4 unicast neighbor 192.168.0.1 route-map RMAP in exit-address-family ! bgp community-list 1 permit 0:80 0:90 ! route-map RMAP permit in match community 1 The following example filters BGP routes which have a community value of ``1:1``. When there is no match community-list returns ``deny``. To avoid filtering all routes, a ``permit`` line is set at the end of the community-list. .. code-block:: frr router bgp 7675 neighbor 192.168.0.1 remote-as 100 address-family ipv4 unicast neighbor 192.168.0.1 route-map RMAP in exit-address-family ! bgp community-list standard FILTER deny 1:1 bgp community-list standard FILTER permit ! route-map RMAP permit 10 match community FILTER The communities value keyword ``internet`` has special meanings in standard community lists. In the below example ``internet`` matches all BGP routes even if the route does not have communities attribute at all. So community list ``INTERNET`` is the same as ``FILTER`` in the previous example. .. code-block:: frr bgp community-list standard INTERNET deny 1:1 bgp community-list standard INTERNET permit internet The following configuration is an example of communities value deletion. With this configuration the community values ``100:1`` and ``100:2`` are removed from BGP updates. For communities value deletion, only ``permit`` community-list is used. ``deny`` community-list is ignored. .. code-block:: frr router bgp 7675 neighbor 192.168.0.1 remote-as 100 address-family ipv4 unicast neighbor 192.168.0.1 route-map RMAP in exit-address-family ! bgp community-list standard DEL permit 100:1 100:2 ! route-map RMAP permit 10 set comm-list DEL delete .. _bgp-extended-communities-attribute: Extended Communities Attribute ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ BGP extended communities attribute is introduced with MPLS VPN/BGP technology. MPLS VPN/BGP expands capability of network infrastructure to provide VPN functionality. At the same time it requires a new framework for policy routing. With BGP Extended Communities Attribute we can use Route Target or Site of Origin for implementing network policy for MPLS VPN/BGP. BGP Extended Communities Attribute is similar to BGP Communities Attribute. It is an optional transitive attribute. BGP Extended Communities Attribute can carry multiple Extended Community value. Each Extended Community value is eight octet length. BGP Extended Communities Attribute provides an extended range compared with BGP Communities Attribute. Adding to that there is a type field in each value to provides community space structure. There are two format to define Extended Community value. One is AS based format the other is IP address based format. ``AS:VAL`` This is a format to define AS based Extended Community value. ``AS`` part is 2 octets Global Administrator subfield in Extended Community value. ``VAL`` part is 4 octets Local Administrator subfield. ``7675:100`` represents AS 7675 policy value 100. ``IP-Address:VAL`` This is a format to define IP address based Extended Community value. ``IP-Address`` part is 4 octets Global Administrator subfield. ``VAL`` part is 2 octets Local Administrator subfield. .. _bgp-extended-community-lists: Extended Community Lists ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ .. clicmd:: bgp extcommunity-list standard NAME permit|deny EXTCOMMUNITY This command defines a new standard extcommunity-list. `extcommunity` is extended communities value. The `extcommunity` is compiled into extended community structure. We can define multiple extcommunity-list under same name. In that case match will happen user defined order. Once the extcommunity-list matches to extended communities attribute in BGP updates it return permit or deny based upon the extcommunity-list definition. When there is no matched entry, deny will be returned. When `extcommunity` is empty it matches to any routes. A special handling for ``internet`` community is applied. It matches any community. .. clicmd:: bgp extcommunity-list expanded NAME permit|deny LINE This command defines a new expanded extcommunity-list. `line` is a string expression of extended communities attribute. `line` can be a regular expression (:ref:`bgp-regular-expressions`) to match an extended communities attribute in BGP updates. Note that all extended community lists shares a single name space, so it's not necessary to specify their type when creating or destroying them. .. clicmd:: show bgp extcommunity-list [NAME detail] This command displays current extcommunity-list information. When `name` is specified the community list's information is shown. .. _bgp-extended-communities-in-route-map: BGP Extended Communities in Route Map """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" .. clicmd:: match extcommunity WORD .. clicmd:: set extcommunity none This command resets the extended community value in BGP updates. If the attribute is already configured or received from the peer, the attribute is discarded and set to none. This is useful if you need to strip incoming extended communities. .. clicmd:: set extcommunity rt EXTCOMMUNITY This command set Route Target value. .. clicmd:: set extcommunity soo EXTCOMMUNITY This command set Site of Origin value. .. clicmd:: set extcommunity bandwidth <(1-25600) | cumulative | num-multipaths> [non-transitive] This command sets the BGP link-bandwidth extended community for the prefix (best path) for which it is applied. The link-bandwidth can be specified as an ``explicit value`` (specified in Mbps), or the router can be told to use the ``cumulative bandwidth`` of all multipaths for the prefix or to compute it based on the ``number of multipaths``. The link bandwidth extended community is encoded as ``transitive`` unless the set command explicitly configures it as ``non-transitive``. .. seealso:: :ref:`wecmp_linkbw` Note that the extended expanded community is only used for `match` rule, not for `set` actions. .. _bgp-large-communities-attribute: Large Communities Attribute ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ The BGP Large Communities attribute was introduced in Feb 2017 with :rfc:`8092`. The BGP Large Communities Attribute is similar to the BGP Communities Attribute except that it has 3 components instead of two and each of which are 4 octets in length. Large Communities bring additional functionality and convenience over traditional communities, specifically the fact that the ``GLOBAL`` part below is now 4 octets wide allowing seamless use in networks using 4-byte ASNs. ``GLOBAL:LOCAL1:LOCAL2`` This is the format to define Large Community values. Referencing :rfc:`8195` the values are commonly referred to as follows: - The ``GLOBAL`` part is a 4 octet Global Administrator field, commonly used as the operators AS number. - The ``LOCAL1`` part is a 4 octet Local Data Part 1 subfield referred to as a function. - The ``LOCAL2`` part is a 4 octet Local Data Part 2 field and referred to as the parameter subfield. As an example, ``65551:1:10`` represents AS 65551 function 1 and parameter 10. The referenced RFC above gives some guidelines on recommended usage. .. _bgp-large-community-lists: Large Community Lists """"""""""""""""""""" Two types of large community lists are supported, namely `standard` and `expanded`. .. clicmd:: bgp large-community-list standard NAME permit|deny LARGE-COMMUNITY This command defines a new standard large-community-list. `large-community` is the Large Community value. We can add multiple large communities under same name. In that case the match will happen in the user defined order. Once the large-community-list matches the Large Communities attribute in BGP updates it will return permit or deny based upon the large-community-list definition. When there is no matched entry, a deny will be returned. When `large-community` is empty it matches any routes. .. clicmd:: bgp large-community-list expanded NAME permit|deny LINE This command defines a new expanded large-community-list. Where `line` is a string matching expression, it will be compared to the entire Large Communities attribute as a string, with each large-community in order from lowest to highest. `line` can also be a regular expression which matches this Large Community attribute. Note that all community lists share the same namespace, so it's not necessary to specify ``standard`` or ``expanded``; these modifiers are purely aesthetic. .. clicmd:: show bgp large-community-list .. clicmd:: show bgp large-community-list NAME detail This command display current large-community-list information. When `name` is specified the community list information is shown. .. clicmd:: show ip bgp large-community-info This command displays the current large communities in use. .. _bgp-large-communities-in-route-map: Large Communities in Route Map """""""""""""""""""""""""""""" .. clicmd:: match large-community LINE [exact-match] Where `line` can be a simple string to match, or a regular expression. It is very important to note that this match occurs on the entire large-community string as a whole, where each large-community is ordered from lowest to highest. When `exact-match` keyword is specified, match happen only when BGP updates have completely same large communities value specified in the large community list. .. clicmd:: set large-community LARGE-COMMUNITY .. clicmd:: set large-community LARGE-COMMUNITY LARGE-COMMUNITY .. clicmd:: set large-community LARGE-COMMUNITY additive These commands are used for setting large-community values. The first command will overwrite any large-communities currently present. The second specifies two large-communities, which overwrites the current large-community list. The third will add a large-community value without overwriting other values. Multiple large-community values can be specified. Note that the large expanded community is only used for `match` rule, not for `set` actions. .. _bgp-roles-and-only-to-customers: BGP Roles and Only to Customers ------------------------------- BGP roles are defined in :rfc:`9234` and provide an easy way to route leaks prevention, detection and mitigation. To enable its mechanics, you must set your local role to reflect your type of peering relationship with your neighbor. Possible values of ``LOCAL-ROLE`` are: - provider - rs-server - rs-client - customer - peer The local Role value is negotiated with the new BGP Role capability with a built-in check of the corresponding value. In case of mismatch the new OPEN Roles Mismatch Notification <2, 11> would be sent. The correct Role pairs are: * Provider - Customer * Peer - Peer * RS-Server - RS-Client .. code-block:: shell ~# vtysh -c 'show bgp neighbor' | grep 'Role' Local Role: customer Neighbor Role: provider Role: advertised and received If strict-mode is set BGP session won't become established until BGP neighbor set local Role on its side. This configuration parameter is defined in :rfc:`9234` and used to enforce corresponding configuration at your counter-part side. Default value - disabled. Routes that sent from provider, rs-server, or peer local-role (or if received by customer, rs-clinet, or peer local-role) will be marked with a new Only to Customer (OTC) attribute. Routes with this attribute can only be sent to your neighbor if your local-role is provider or rs-server. Routes with this attribute can be received only if your local-role is customer or rs-client. In case of peer-peer relationship routes can be received only if OTC value is equal to your neighbor AS number. All these rules with OTC help to detect and mitigate route leaks and happened automatically if local-role is set. .. clicmd:: neighbor PEER local-role LOCAL-ROLE [strict-mode] This command set your local-role to ``LOCAL-ROLE``: . This role helps to detect and prevent route leaks. If ``strict-mode`` is set, your neighbor must send you Capability with the value of his role (by setting local-role on his side). Otherwise, a Role Mismatch Notification will be sent. .. _bgp-l3vpn-vrfs: L3VPN VRFs ---------- *bgpd* supports :abbr:`L3VPN (Layer 3 Virtual Private Networks)` :abbr:`VRFs (Virtual Routing and Forwarding)` for IPv4 :rfc:`4364` and IPv6 :rfc:`4659`. L3VPN routes, and their associated VRF MPLS labels, can be distributed to VPN SAFI neighbors in the *default*, i.e., non VRF, BGP instance. VRF MPLS labels are reached using *core* MPLS labels which are distributed using LDP or BGP labeled unicast. *bgpd* also supports inter-VRF route leaking. L3VPN over GRE interfaces ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ In MPLS-VPN or SRv6-VPN, an L3VPN next-hop entry requires that the path chosen respectively contains a labelled path or a valid SID IPv6 address. Otherwise the L3VPN entry will not be installed. It is possible to ignore that check when the path chosen by the next-hop uses a GRE interface, and there is a route-map configured at inbound side of ipv4-vpn or ipv6-vpn address family with following syntax: .. clicmd:: set l3vpn next-hop encapsulation gre The incoming BGP L3VPN entry is accepted, provided that the next hop of the L3VPN entry uses a path that takes the GRE tunnel as outgoing interface. The remote endpoint should be configured just behind the GRE tunnel; remote device configuration may vary depending whether it acts at edge endpoint or not: in any case, the expectation is that incoming MPLS traffic received at this endpoint should be considered as a valid path for L3VPN. .. _bgp-vrf-route-leaking: VRF Route Leaking ----------------- BGP routes may be leaked (i.e. copied) between a unicast VRF RIB and the VPN SAFI RIB of the default VRF for use in MPLS-based L3VPNs. Unicast routes may also be leaked between any VRFs (including the unicast RIB of the default BGP instanced). A shortcut syntax is also available for specifying leaking from one VRF to another VRF using the default instance's VPN RIB as the intermediary. A common application of the VRF-VRF feature is to connect a customer's private routing domain to a provider's VPN service. Leaking is configured from the point of view of an individual VRF: ``import`` refers to routes leaked from VPN to a unicast VRF, whereas ``export`` refers to routes leaked from a unicast VRF to VPN. Required parameters ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Routes exported from a unicast VRF to the VPN RIB must be augmented by two parameters: - an :abbr:`RD (Route Distinguisher)` - an :abbr:`RTLIST (Route-target List)` Configuration for these exported routes must, at a minimum, specify these two parameters. Routes imported from the VPN RIB to a unicast VRF are selected according to their RTLISTs. Routes whose RTLIST contains at least one route-target in common with the configured import RTLIST are leaked. Configuration for these imported routes must specify an RTLIST to be matched. The RD, which carries no semantic value, is intended to make the route unique in the VPN RIB among all routes of its prefix that originate from all the customers and sites that are attached to the provider's VPN service. Accordingly, each site of each customer is typically assigned an RD that is unique across the entire provider network. The RTLIST is a set of route-target extended community values whose purpose is to specify route-leaking policy. Typically, a customer is assigned a single route-target value for import and export to be used at all customer sites. This configuration specifies a simple topology wherein a customer has a single routing domain which is shared across all its sites. More complex routing topologies are possible through use of additional route-targets to augment the leaking of sets of routes in various ways. When using the shortcut syntax for vrf-to-vrf leaking, the RD and RT are auto-derived. General configuration ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Configuration of route leaking between a unicast VRF RIB and the VPN SAFI RIB of the default VRF is accomplished via commands in the context of a VRF address-family: .. clicmd:: rd vpn export AS:NN|IP:nn Specifies the route distinguisher to be added to a route exported from the current unicast VRF to VPN. .. clicmd:: rt vpn import|export|both RTLIST... Specifies the route-target list to be attached to a route (export) or the route-target list to match against (import) when exporting/importing between the current unicast VRF and VPN. The RTLIST is a space-separated list of route-targets, which are BGP extended community values as described in :ref:`bgp-extended-communities-attribute`. .. clicmd:: label vpn export (0..1048575)|auto Enables an MPLS label to be attached to a route exported from the current unicast VRF to VPN. If the value specified is ``auto``, the label value is automatically assigned from a pool maintained by the Zebra daemon. If Zebra is not running, or if this command is not configured, automatic label assignment will not complete, which will block corresponding route export. .. clicmd:: nexthop vpn export A.B.C.D|X:X::X:X Specifies an optional nexthop value to be assigned to a route exported from the current unicast VRF to VPN. If left unspecified, the nexthop will be set to 0.0.0.0 or 0:0::0:0 (self). .. clicmd:: route-map vpn import|export MAP Specifies an optional route-map to be applied to routes imported or exported between the current unicast VRF and VPN. .. clicmd:: import|export vpn Enables import or export of routes between the current unicast VRF and VPN. .. clicmd:: import vrf VRFNAME Shortcut syntax for specifying automatic leaking from vrf VRFNAME to the current VRF using the VPN RIB as intermediary. The RD and RT are auto derived and should not be specified explicitly for either the source or destination VRF's. This shortcut syntax mode is not compatible with the explicit `import vpn` and `export vpn` statements for the two VRF's involved. The CLI will disallow attempts to configure incompatible leaking modes. .. clicmd:: bgp retain route-target all It is possible to retain or not VPN prefixes that are not imported by local VRF configuration. This can be done via the following command in the context of the global VPNv4/VPNv6 family. This command defaults to on and is not displayed. The `no bgp retain route-target all` form of the command is displayed. .. clicmd:: neighbor soo EXTCOMMUNITY Without this command, SoO extended community attribute is configured using an inbound route map that sets the SoO value during the update process. With the introduction of the new BGP per-neighbor Site-of-Origin (SoO) feature, two new commands configured in sub-modes under router configuration mode simplify the SoO value configuration. If we configure SoO per neighbor at PEs, the SoO community is automatically added for all routes from the CPEs. Routes are validated and prevented from being sent back to the same CPE (e.g.: multi-site). This is especially needed when using ``as-override`` or ``allowas-in`` to prevent routing loops. .. clicmd:: mpls bgp forwarding It is possible to permit BGP install VPN prefixes without transport labels, by issuing the following command under the interface configuration context. This configuration will install VPN prefixes originated from an e-bgp session, and with the next-hop directly connected. .. _bgp-l3vpn-srv6: L3VPN SRv6 ---------- .. clicmd:: segment-routing srv6 Use SRv6 backend with BGP L3VPN, and go to its configuration node. .. clicmd:: locator NAME Specify the SRv6 locator to be used for SRv6 L3VPN. The Locator name must be set in zebra, but user can set it in any order. .. _bgp-evpn: Ethernet Virtual Network - EVPN ------------------------------- Note: When using EVPN features and if you have a large number of hosts, make sure to adjust the size of the arp neighbor cache to avoid neighbor table overflow and/or excessive garbage collection. On Linux, the size of the table and garbage collection frequency can be controlled via the following sysctl configurations: .. code-block:: shell net.ipv4.neigh.default.gc_thresh1 net.ipv4.neigh.default.gc_thresh2 net.ipv4.neigh.default.gc_thresh3 net.ipv6.neigh.default.gc_thresh1 net.ipv6.neigh.default.gc_thresh2 net.ipv6.neigh.default.gc_thresh3 For more information, see ``man 7 arp``. .. _bgp-evpn-advertise-pip: EVPN advertise-PIP ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ In a EVPN symmetric routing MLAG deployment, all EVPN routes advertised with anycast-IP as next-hop IP and anycast MAC as the Router MAC (RMAC - in BGP EVPN Extended-Community). EVPN picks up the next-hop IP from the VxLAN interface's local tunnel IP and the RMAC is obtained from the MAC of the L3VNI's SVI interface. Note: Next-hop IP is used for EVPN routes whether symmetric routing is deployed or not but the RMAC is only relevant for symmetric routing scenario. Current behavior is not ideal for Prefix (type-5) and self (type-2) routes. This is because the traffic from remote VTEPs routed sub optimally if they land on the system where the route does not belong. The advertise-pip feature advertises Prefix (type-5) and self (type-2) routes with system's individual (primary) IP as the next-hop and individual (system) MAC as Router-MAC (RMAC), while leaving the behavior unchanged for other EVPN routes. To support this feature there needs to have ability to co-exist a (system-MAC, system-IP) pair with a (anycast-MAC, anycast-IP) pair with the ability to terminate VxLAN-encapsulated packets received for either pair on the same L3VNI (i.e associated VLAN). This capability is needed per tenant VRF instance. To derive the system-MAC and the anycast MAC, there must be a separate/additional MAC-VLAN interface corresponding to L3VNI’s SVI. The SVI interface’s MAC address can be interpreted as system-MAC and MAC-VLAN interface's MAC as anycast MAC. To derive system-IP and anycast-IP, the default BGP instance's router-id is used as system-IP and the VxLAN interface’s local tunnel IP as the anycast-IP. User has an option to configure the system-IP and/or system-MAC value if the auto derived value is not preferred. Note: By default, advertise-pip feature is enabled and user has an option to disable the feature via configuration CLI. Once the feature is disabled under bgp vrf instance or MAC-VLAN interface is not configured, all the routes follow the same behavior of using same next-hop and RMAC values. .. clicmd:: advertise-pip [ip [mac ]] Enables or disables advertise-pip feature, specify system-IP and/or system-MAC parameters. EVPN advertise-svi-ip ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Typically, the SVI IP address is reused on VTEPs across multiple racks. However, if you have unique SVI IP addresses that you want to be reachable you can use the advertise-svi-ip option. This option advertises the SVI IP/MAC address as a type-2 route and eliminates the need for any flooding over VXLAN to reach the IP from a remote VTEP. .. clicmd:: advertise-svi-ip Note that you should not enable both the advertise-svi-ip and the advertise-default-gw at the same time. .. _bgp-evpn-overlay-index-gateway-ip: EVPN Overlay Index Gateway IP ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ RFC https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc9136 explains the use of overlay indexes for recursive route resolution for EVPN type-5 route. We support gateway IP overlay index. A gateway IP, advertised with EVPN prefix route, is used to find an EVPN MAC/IP route with its IP field same as the gateway IP. This MAC/IP entry provides the nexthop VTEP and the tunnel information required for the VxLAN encapsulation. Functionality: :: . +--------+ BGP +--------+ BGP +--------+ +--------+ SN1 | | IPv4 | | EVPN | | | | ======+ Host1 +------+ PE1 +------+ PE2 +------+ Host2 + | | | | | | | | +--------+ +--------+ +--------+ +--------+ Consider above topology where prefix SN1 is connected behind host1. Host1 advertises SN1 to PE1 over BGP IPv4 session. PE1 advertises SN1 to PE2 using EVPN type-5 route with host1 IP as the gateway IP. PE1 also advertises Host1 MAC/IP as type-2 route which is used to resolve host1 gateway IP. PE2 receives this type-5 route and imports it into the vrf based on route targets. BGP prefix imported into the vrf uses gateway IP as its BGP nexthop. This route is installed into zebra if following conditions are satisfied: 1. Gateway IP nexthop is L3 reachable. 2. PE2 has received EVPN type-2 route with IP field set to gateway IP. Topology requirements: 1. This feature is supported for asymmetric routing model only. While sending packets to SN1, ingress PE (PE2) performs routing and egress PE (PE1) performs only bridging. 2. This feature supports only traditional(non vlan-aware) bridge model. Bridge interface associated with L2VNI is an L3 interface. i.e., this interface is configured with an address in the L2VNI subnet. Note that the gateway IP should also have an address in the same subnet. 3. As this feature works in asymmetric routing model, all L2VNIs and corresponding VxLAN and bridge interfaces should be present at all the PEs. 4. L3VNI configuration is required to generate and import EVPN type-5 routes. L3VNI VxLAN and bridge interfaces also should be present. A PE can use one of the following two mechanisms to advertise an EVPN type-5 route with gateway IP. 1. CLI to add gateway IP while generating EVPN type-5 route from a BGP IPv4/IPv6 prefix: .. clicmd:: advertise unicast [gateway-ip] When this CLI is configured for a BGP vrf under L2VPN EVPN address family, EVPN type-5 routes are generated for BGP prefixes in the vrf. Nexthop of the BGP prefix becomes the gateway IP of the corresponding type-5 route. If the above command is configured without the "gateway-ip" keyword, type-5 routes are generated without overlay index. 2. Add gateway IP to EVPN type-5 route using a route-map: .. clicmd:: set evpn gateway-ip When route-map with above set clause is applied as outbound policy in BGP, it will set the gateway-ip in EVPN type-5 NLRI. Example configuration: .. code-block:: frr router bgp 100 neighbor 192.168.0.1 remote-as 101 ! address-family ipv4 l2vpn evpn neighbor 192.168.0.1 route-map RMAP out exit-address-family ! route-map RMAP permit 10 set evpn gateway-ip 10.0.0.1 set evpn gateway-ip 10::1 A PE that receives a type-5 route with gateway IP overlay index should have "enable-resolve-overlay-index" configuration enabled to recursively resolve the overlay index nexthop and install the prefix into zebra. .. clicmd:: enable-resolve-overlay-index Example configuration: .. code-block:: frr router bgp 65001 bgp router-id 192.168.100.1 no bgp ebgp-requires-policy neighbor 10.0.1.2 remote-as 65002 ! address-family l2vpn evpn neighbor 10.0.1.2 activate advertise-all-vni enable-resolve-overlay-index exit-address-family ! .. _bgp-evpn-mh: EVPN Multihoming ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ All-Active Multihoming is used for redundancy and load sharing. Servers are attached to two or more PEs and the links are bonded (link-aggregation). This group of server links is referred to as an Ethernet Segment. Ethernet Segments """"""""""""""""" An Ethernet Segment can be configured by specifying a system-MAC and a local discriminator or a complete ESINAME against the bond interface on the PE (via zebra) - .. clicmd:: evpn mh es-id <(1-16777215)|ESINAME> .. clicmd:: evpn mh es-sys-mac X:X:X:X:X:X The sys-mac and local discriminator are used for generating a 10-byte, Type-3 Ethernet Segment ID. ESINAME is a 10-byte, Type-0 Ethernet Segment ID - "00:AA:BB:CC:DD:EE:FF:GG:HH:II". Type-1 (EAD-per-ES and EAD-per-EVI) routes are used to advertise the locally attached ESs and to learn off remote ESs in the network. Local Type-2/MAC-IP routes are also advertised with a destination ESI allowing for MAC-IP syncing between Ethernet Segment peers. Reference: RFC 7432, RFC 8365 EVPN-MH is intended as a replacement for MLAG or Anycast VTEPs. In multihoming each PE has an unique VTEP address which requires the introduction of a new dataplane construct, MAC-ECMP. Here a MAC/FDB entry can point to a list of remote PEs/VTEPs. BUM handling """""""""""" Type-4 (ESR) routes are used for Designated Forwarder (DF) election. DFs forward BUM traffic received via the overlay network. This implementation uses a preference based DF election specified by draft-ietf-bess-evpn-pref-df. The DF preference is configurable per-ES (via zebra) - .. clicmd:: evpn mh es-df-pref (1-16777215) BUM traffic is rxed via the overlay by all PEs attached to a server but only the DF can forward the de-capsulated traffic to the access port. To accommodate that non-DF filters are installed in the dataplane to drop the traffic. Similarly traffic received from ES peers via the overlay cannot be forwarded to the server. This is split-horizon-filtering with local bias. Knobs for interop """"""""""""""""" Some vendors do not send EAD-per-EVI routes. To interop with them we need to relax the dependency on EAD-per-EVI routes and activate a remote ES-PE based on just the EAD-per-ES route. Note that by default we advertise and expect EAD-per-EVI routes. .. clicmd:: disable-ead-evi-rx .. clicmd:: disable-ead-evi-tx Fast failover """"""""""""" As the primary purpose of EVPN-MH is redundancy keeping the failover efficient is a recurring theme in the implementation. Following sub-features have been introduced for the express purpose of efficient ES failovers. - Layer-2 Nexthop Groups and MAC-ECMP via L2NHG. - Host routes (for symmetric IRB) via L3NHG. On dataplanes that support layer3 nexthop groups the feature can be turned on via the following BGP config - .. clicmd:: use-es-l3nhg - Local ES (MAC/Neigh) failover via ES-redirect. On dataplanes that do not have support for ES-redirect the feature can be turned off via the following zebra config - .. clicmd:: evpn mh redirect-off Uplink/Core tracking """""""""""""""""""" When all the underlay links go down the PE no longer has access to the VxLAN +overlay. To prevent blackholing of traffic the server/ES links are protodowned on the PE. A link can be setup for uplink tracking via the following zebra configuration - .. clicmd:: evpn mh uplink Proxy advertisements """""""""""""""""""" To handle hitless upgrades support for proxy advertisement has been added as specified by draft-rbickhart-evpn-ip-mac-proxy-adv. This allows a PE (say PE1) to proxy advertise a MAC-IP rxed from an ES peer (say PE2). When the ES peer (PE2) goes down PE1 continues to advertise hosts learnt from PE2 for a holdtime during which it attempts to establish local reachability of the host. This holdtime is configurable via the following zebra commands - .. clicmd:: evpn mh neigh-holdtime (0-86400) .. clicmd:: evpn mh mac-holdtime (0-86400) Startup delay """"""""""""" When a switch is rebooted we wait for a brief period to allow the underlay and EVPN network to converge before enabling the ESs. For this duration the ES bonds are held protodown. The startup delay is configurable via the following zebra command - .. clicmd:: evpn mh startup-delay (0-3600) EAD-per-ES fragmentation """""""""""""""""""""""" The EAD-per-ES route carries the EVI route targets for all the broadcast domains associated with the ES. Depending on the EVI scale the EAD-per-ES route maybe fragmented. The number of EVIs per-EAD route can be configured via the following BGP command - .. clicmd:: [no] ead-es-frag evi-limit (1-1000) Sample Configuration ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ .. code-block:: frr ! router bgp 5556 ! address-family l2vpn evpn ead-es-frag evi-limit 200 exit-address-family ! ! EAD-per-ES route-target """"""""""""""""""""""" The EAD-per-ES route by default carries all the EVI route targets. Depending on EVI scale that can result in route fragmentation. In some cases it maybe necessary to avoid this fragmentation and that can be done via the following workaround - 1. Configure a single supplementary BD per-tenant VRF. This SBD needs to be provisioned on all EVPN PEs associated with the tenant-VRF. 2. Config the SBD's RT as the EAD-per-ES route's export RT. Sample Configuration ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ .. code-block:: frr ! router bgp 5556 ! address-family l2vpn evpn ead-es-route-target export 5556:1001 ead-es-route-target export 5556:1004 ead-es-route-target export 5556:1008 exit-address-family ! Support with VRF network namespace backend ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ It is possible to separate overlay networks contained in VXLAN interfaces from underlay networks by using VRFs. VRF-lite and VRF-netns backends can be used for that. In the latter case, it is necessary to set both bridge and vxlan interface in the same network namespace, as below example illustrates: .. code-block:: shell # linux shell ip netns add vrf1 ip link add name vxlan101 type vxlan id 101 dstport 4789 dev eth0 local 10.1.1.1 ip link set dev vxlan101 netns vrf1 ip netns exec vrf1 ip link set dev lo up ip netns exec vrf1 brctl addbr bridge101 ip netns exec vrf1 brctl addif bridge101 vxlan101 This makes it possible to separate not only layer 3 networks like VRF-lite networks. Also, VRF netns based make possible to separate layer 2 networks on separate VRF instances. .. _bgp-conditional-advertisement: BGP Conditional Advertisement ----------------------------- The BGP conditional advertisement feature uses the ``non-exist-map`` or the ``exist-map`` and the ``advertise-map`` keywords of the neighbor advertise-map command in order to track routes by the route prefix. ``non-exist-map`` 1. If a route prefix is not present in the output of non-exist-map command, then advertise the route specified by the advertise-map command. 2. If a route prefix is present in the output of non-exist-map command, then do not advertise the route specified by the addvertise-map command. ``exist-map`` 1. If a route prefix is present in the output of exist-map command, then advertise the route specified by the advertise-map command. 2. If a route prefix is not present in the output of exist-map command, then do not advertise the route specified by the advertise-map command. This feature is useful when some prefixes are advertised to one of its peers only if the information from the other peer is not present (due to failure in peering session or partial reachability etc). The conditional BGP announcements are sent in addition to the normal announcements that a BGP router sends to its peer. The conditional advertisement process is triggered by the BGP scanner process, which runs every 60 by default. This means that the maximum time for the conditional advertisement to take effect is the value of the process timer. As an optimization, while the process always runs on each timer expiry, it determines whether or not the conditional advertisement policy or the routing table has changed; if neither have changed, no processing is necessary and the scanner exits early. .. clicmd:: neighbor A.B.C.D advertise-map NAME [exist-map|non-exist-map] NAME This command enables BGP scanner process to monitor routes specified by exist-map or non-exist-map command in BGP table and conditionally advertises the routes specified by advertise-map command. .. clicmd:: bgp conditional-advertisement timer (5-240) Set the period to rerun the conditional advertisement scanner process. The default is 60 seconds. Sample Configuration ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ .. code-block:: frr interface enp0s9 ip address 10.10.10.2/24 ! interface enp0s10 ip address 10.10.20.2/24 ! interface lo ip address 203.0.113.1/32 ! router bgp 2 bgp log-neighbor-changes no bgp ebgp-requires-policy neighbor 10.10.10.1 remote-as 1 neighbor 10.10.20.3 remote-as 3 ! address-family ipv4 unicast neighbor 10.10.10.1 soft-reconfiguration inbound neighbor 10.10.20.3 soft-reconfiguration inbound neighbor 10.10.20.3 advertise-map ADV-MAP non-exist-map EXIST-MAP exit-address-family ! ip prefix-list DEFAULT seq 5 permit 192.0.2.5/32 ip prefix-list DEFAULT seq 10 permit 192.0.2.1/32 ip prefix-list EXIST seq 5 permit 10.10.10.10/32 ip prefix-list DEFAULT-ROUTE seq 5 permit 0.0.0.0/0 ip prefix-list IP1 seq 5 permit 10.139.224.0/20 ! bgp community-list standard DC-ROUTES seq 5 permit 64952:3008 bgp community-list standard DC-ROUTES seq 10 permit 64671:501 bgp community-list standard DC-ROUTES seq 15 permit 64950:3009 bgp community-list standard DEFAULT-ROUTE seq 5 permit 65013:200 ! route-map ADV-MAP permit 10 match ip address prefix-list IP1 ! route-map ADV-MAP permit 20 match community DC-ROUTES ! route-map EXIST-MAP permit 10 match community DEFAULT-ROUTE match ip address prefix-list DEFAULT-ROUTE ! Sample Output ^^^^^^^^^^^^^ When default route is present in R2'2 BGP table, 10.139.224.0/20 and 192.0.2.1/32 are not advertised to R3. .. code-block:: frr Router2# show ip bgp BGP table version is 20, local router ID is 203.0.113.1, vrf id 0 Default local pref 100, local AS 2 Status codes: s suppressed, d damped, h history, * valid, > best, = multipath, i internal, r RIB-failure, S Stale, R Removed Nexthop codes: @NNN nexthop's vrf id, < announce-nh-self Origin codes: i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete RPKI validation codes: V valid, I invalid, N Not found Network Next Hop Metric LocPrf Weight Path *> 0.0.0.0/0 10.10.10.1 0 0 1 i *> 10.139.224.0/20 10.10.10.1 0 0 1 ? *> 192.0.2.1/32 10.10.10.1 0 0 1 i *> 192.0.2.5/32 10.10.10.1 0 0 1 i Displayed 4 routes and 4 total paths Router2# show ip bgp neighbors 10.10.20.3 !--- Output suppressed. For address family: IPv4 Unicast Update group 7, subgroup 7 Packet Queue length 0 Inbound soft reconfiguration allowed Community attribute sent to this neighbor(all) Condition NON_EXIST, Condition-map *EXIST-MAP, Advertise-map *ADV-MAP, status: Withdraw 0 accepted prefixes !--- Output suppressed. Router2# show ip bgp neighbors 10.10.20.3 advertised-routes BGP table version is 20, local router ID is 203.0.113.1, vrf id 0 Default local pref 100, local AS 2 Status codes: s suppressed, d damped, h history, * valid, > best, = multipath, i internal, r RIB-failure, S Stale, R Removed Nexthop codes: @NNN nexthop's vrf id, < announce-nh-self Origin codes: i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete RPKI validation codes: V valid, I invalid, N Not found Network Next Hop Metric LocPrf Weight Path *> 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0 0 1 i *> 192.0.2.5/32 0.0.0.0 0 1 i Total number of prefixes 2 When default route is not present in R2'2 BGP table, 10.139.224.0/20 and 192.0.2.1/32 are advertised to R3. .. code-block:: frr Router2# show ip bgp BGP table version is 21, local router ID is 203.0.113.1, vrf id 0 Default local pref 100, local AS 2 Status codes: s suppressed, d damped, h history, * valid, > best, = multipath, i internal, r RIB-failure, S Stale, R Removed Nexthop codes: @NNN nexthop's vrf id, < announce-nh-self Origin codes: i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete RPKI validation codes: V valid, I invalid, N Not found Network Next Hop Metric LocPrf Weight Path *> 10.139.224.0/20 10.10.10.1 0 0 1 ? *> 192.0.2.1/32 10.10.10.1 0 0 1 i *> 192.0.2.5/32 10.10.10.1 0 0 1 i Displayed 3 routes and 3 total paths Router2# show ip bgp neighbors 10.10.20.3 !--- Output suppressed. For address family: IPv4 Unicast Update group 7, subgroup 7 Packet Queue length 0 Inbound soft reconfiguration allowed Community attribute sent to this neighbor(all) Condition NON_EXIST, Condition-map *EXIST-MAP, Advertise-map *ADV-MAP, status: Advertise 0 accepted prefixes !--- Output suppressed. Router2# show ip bgp neighbors 10.10.20.3 advertised-routes BGP table version is 21, local router ID is 203.0.113.1, vrf id 0 Default local pref 100, local AS 2 Status codes: s suppressed, d damped, h history, * valid, > best, = multipath, i internal, r RIB-failure, S Stale, R Removed Nexthop codes: @NNN nexthop's vrf id, < announce-nh-self Origin codes: i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete RPKI validation codes: V valid, I invalid, N Not found Network Next Hop Metric LocPrf Weight Path *> 10.139.224.0/20 0.0.0.0 0 1 ? *> 192.0.2.1/32 0.0.0.0 0 1 i *> 192.0.2.5/32 0.0.0.0 0 1 i Total number of prefixes 3 Router2# .. _bgp-debugging: Debugging --------- .. clicmd:: show debug Show all enabled debugs. .. clicmd:: show bgp listeners Display Listen sockets and the vrf that created them. Useful for debugging of when listen is not working and this is considered a developer debug statement. .. clicmd:: debug bgp allow-martian Enable or disable BGP accepting martian nexthops from a peer. Please note this is not an actual debug command and this command is also being deprecated and will be removed soon. The new command is :clicmd:`bgp allow-martian-nexthop` .. clicmd:: debug bgp bfd Enable or disable debugging for BFD events. This will show BFD integration library messages and BGP BFD integration messages that are mostly state transitions and validation problems. .. clicmd:: debug bgp neighbor-events Enable or disable debugging for neighbor events. This provides general information on BGP events such as peer connection / disconnection, session establishment / teardown, and capability negotiation. .. clicmd:: debug bgp updates Enable or disable debugging for BGP updates. This provides information on BGP UPDATE messages transmitted and received between local and remote instances. .. clicmd:: debug bgp keepalives Enable or disable debugging for BGP keepalives. This provides information on BGP KEEPALIVE messages transmitted and received between local and remote instances. .. clicmd:: debug bgp bestpath Enable or disable debugging for bestpath selection on the specified prefix. .. clicmd:: debug bgp nht Enable or disable debugging of BGP nexthop tracking. .. clicmd:: debug bgp update-groups Enable or disable debugging of dynamic update groups. This provides general information on group creation, deletion, join and prune events. .. clicmd:: debug bgp zebra Enable or disable debugging of communications between *bgpd* and *zebra*. Dumping Messages and Routing Tables ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ .. clicmd:: dump bgp all PATH [INTERVAL] .. clicmd:: dump bgp all-et PATH [INTERVAL] Dump all BGP packet and events to `path` file. If `interval` is set, a new file will be created for echo `interval` of seconds. The path `path` can be set with date and time formatting (strftime). The type ‘all-et’ enables support for Extended Timestamp Header (:ref:`packet-binary-dump-format`). .. clicmd:: dump bgp updates PATH [INTERVAL] .. clicmd:: dump bgp updates-et PATH [INTERVAL] Dump only BGP updates messages to `path` file. If `interval` is set, a new file will be created for echo `interval` of seconds. The path `path` can be set with date and time formatting (strftime). The type ‘updates-et’ enables support for Extended Timestamp Header (:ref:`packet-binary-dump-format`). .. clicmd:: dump bgp routes-mrt PATH .. clicmd:: dump bgp routes-mrt PATH INTERVAL Dump whole BGP routing table to `path`. This is heavy process. The path `path` can be set with date and time formatting (strftime). If `interval` is set, a new file will be created for echo `interval` of seconds. Note: the interval variable can also be set using hours and minutes: 04h20m00. .. _bgp-other-commands: Other BGP Commands ------------------ The following are available in the top level *enable* mode: .. clicmd:: clear bgp \* Clear all peers. .. clicmd:: clear bgp ipv4|ipv6 \* Clear all peers with this address-family activated. .. clicmd:: clear bgp ipv4|ipv6 unicast \* Clear all peers with this address-family and sub-address-family activated. .. clicmd:: clear bgp ipv4|ipv6 PEER Clear peers with address of X.X.X.X and this address-family activated. .. clicmd:: clear bgp ipv4|ipv6 unicast PEER Clear peer with address of X.X.X.X and this address-family and sub-address-family activated. .. clicmd:: clear bgp ipv4|ipv6 PEER soft|in|out Clear peer using soft reconfiguration in this address-family. .. clicmd:: clear bgp ipv4|ipv6 unicast PEER soft|in|out Clear peer using soft reconfiguration in this address-family and sub-address-family. .. clicmd:: clear bgp [ipv4|ipv6] [unicast] PEER|\* message-stats Clear BGP message statistics for a specified peer or for all peers, optionally filtered by activated address-family and sub-address-family. The following are available in the ``router bgp`` mode: .. clicmd:: write-quanta (1-64) BGP message Tx I/O is vectored. This means that multiple packets are written to the peer socket at the same time each I/O cycle, in order to minimize system call overhead. This value controls how many are written at a time. Under certain load conditions, reducing this value could make peer traffic less 'bursty'. In practice, leave this settings on the default (64) unless you truly know what you are doing. .. clicmd:: read-quanta (1-10) Unlike Tx, BGP Rx traffic is not vectored. Packets are read off the wire one at a time in a loop. This setting controls how many iterations the loop runs for. As with write-quanta, it is best to leave this setting on the default. The following command is available in ``config`` mode as well as in the ``router bgp`` mode: .. clicmd:: bgp graceful-shutdown The purpose of this command is to initiate BGP Graceful Shutdown which is described in :rfc:`8326`. The use case for this is to minimize or eliminate the amount of traffic loss in a network when a planned maintenance activity such as software upgrade or hardware replacement is to be performed on a router. The feature works by re-announcing routes to eBGP peers with the GRACEFUL_SHUTDOWN community included. Peers are then expected to treat such paths with the lowest preference. This happens automatically on a receiver running FRR; with other routing protocol stacks, an inbound policy may have to be configured. In FRR, triggering graceful shutdown also results in announcing a LOCAL_PREF of 0 to iBGP peers. Graceful shutdown can be configured per BGP instance or globally for all of BGP. These two options are mutually exclusive. The no form of the command causes graceful shutdown to be stopped, and routes will be re-announced without the GRACEFUL_SHUTDOWN community and/or with the usual LOCAL_PREF value. Note that if this option is saved to the startup configuration, graceful shutdown will remain in effect across restarts of *bgpd* and will need to be explicitly disabled. .. _bgp-displaying-bgp-information: Displaying BGP Information ========================== The following four commands display the IPv6 and IPv4 routing tables, depending on whether or not the ``ip`` keyword is used. Actually, :clicmd:`show ip bgp` command was used on older `Quagga` routing daemon project, while :clicmd:`show bgp` command is the new format. The choice has been done to keep old format with IPv4 routing table, while new format displays IPv6 routing table. .. clicmd:: show ip bgp [all] [wide|json [detail]] .. clicmd:: show ip bgp A.B.C.D [json] .. clicmd:: show bgp [all] [wide|json [detail]] .. clicmd:: show bgp X:X::X:X [json] These commands display BGP routes. When no route is specified, the default is to display all BGP routes. :: BGP table version is 0, local router ID is 10.1.1.1 Status codes: s suppressed, d damped, h history, * valid, > best, i - internal Origin codes: i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete Network Next Hop Metric LocPrf Weight Path \*> 1.1.1.1/32 0.0.0.0 0 32768 i Total number of prefixes 1 If ``wide`` option is specified, then the prefix table's width is increased to fully display the prefix and the nexthop. This is especially handy dealing with IPv6 prefixes and if :clicmd:`[no] bgp default show-nexthop-hostname` is enabled. If ``all`` option is specified, ``ip`` keyword is ignored, show bgp all and show ip bgp all commands display routes for all AFIs and SAFIs. If ``json`` option is specified, output is displayed in JSON format. If ``detail`` option is specified after ``json``, more verbose JSON output will be displayed. Some other commands provide additional options for filtering the output. .. clicmd:: show [ip] bgp regexp LINE This command displays BGP routes using AS path regular expression (:ref:`bgp-regular-expressions`). .. clicmd:: show [ip] bgp [all] summary [wide] [json] Show a bgp peer summary for the specified address family. The old command structure :clicmd:`show ip bgp` may be removed in the future and should no longer be used. In order to reach the other BGP routing tables other than the IPv6 routing table given by :clicmd:`show bgp`, the new command structure is extended with :clicmd:`show bgp [afi] [safi]`. ``wide`` option gives more output like ``LocalAS`` and extended ``Desc`` to 64 characters. .. code-block:: frr exit1# show ip bgp summary wide IPv4 Unicast Summary (VRF default): BGP router identifier 192.168.100.1, local AS number 65534 vrf-id 0 BGP table version 3 RIB entries 5, using 920 bytes of memory Peers 1, using 27 KiB of memory Neighbor V AS LocalAS MsgRcvd MsgSent TblVer InQ OutQ Up/Down State/PfxRcd PfxSnt Desc 192.168.0.2 4 65030 123 15 22 0 0 0 00:07:00 0 1 us-east1-rs1.frrouting.org Total number of neighbors 1 exit1# .. clicmd:: show bgp [afi] [safi] [all] [wide|json] .. clicmd:: show bgp [ | l2vpn evpn] These commands display BGP routes for the specific routing table indicated by the selected afi and the selected safi. If no afi and no safi value is given, the command falls back to the default IPv6 routing table. .. clicmd:: show bgp l2vpn evpn route [type ] EVPN prefixes can also be filtered by EVPN route type. .. clicmd:: show bgp [afi] [safi] [all] summary [json] Show a bgp peer summary for the specified address family, and subsequent address-family. .. clicmd:: show bgp [afi] [safi] [all] summary failed [json] Show a bgp peer summary for peers that are not successfully exchanging routes for the specified address family, and subsequent address-family. .. clicmd:: show bgp [afi] [safi] [all] summary established [json] Show a bgp peer summary for peers that are successfully exchanging routes for the specified address family, and subsequent address-family. .. clicmd:: show bgp [afi] [safi] [all] summary neighbor [PEER] [json] Show a bgp summary for the specified peer, address family, and subsequent address-family. The neighbor filter can be used in combination with the failed, established filters. .. clicmd:: show bgp [afi] [safi] [all] summary remote-as [json] Show a bgp peer summary for the specified remote-as ASN or type (``internal`` for iBGP and ``external`` for eBGP sessions), address family, and subsequent address-family. The remote-as filter can be used in combination with the failed, established filters. .. clicmd:: show bgp [afi] [safi] [all] summary terse [json] Shorten the output. Do not show the following information about the BGP instances: the number of RIB entries, the table version and the used memory. The ``terse`` option can be used in combination with the remote-as, neighbor, failed and established filters, and with the ``wide`` option as well. .. clicmd:: show bgp [afi] [safi] [neighbor [PEER] [routes|advertised-routes|received-routes] [json] This command shows information on a specific BGP peer of the relevant afi and safi selected. The ``routes`` keyword displays only routes in this address-family's BGP table that were received by this peer and accepted by inbound policy. The ``advertised-routes`` keyword displays only the routes in this address-family's BGP table that were permitted by outbound policy and advertised to to this peer. The ``received-routes`` keyword displays all routes belonging to this address-family (prior to inbound policy) that were received by this peer. .. clicmd:: show bgp [ VIEWVRFNAME] [afi] [safi] neighbors PEER received prefix-filter [json] Display Address Prefix ORFs received from this peer. .. clicmd:: show bgp [afi] [safi] [all] dampening dampened-paths [wide|json] Display paths suppressed due to dampening of the selected afi and safi selected. .. clicmd:: show bgp [afi] [safi] [all] dampening flap-statistics [wide|json] Display flap statistics of routes of the selected afi and safi selected. .. clicmd:: show bgp [afi] [safi] [all] dampening parameters [json] Display details of configured dampening parameters of the selected afi and safi. If the ``json`` option is specified, output is displayed in JSON format. .. clicmd:: show bgp [afi] [safi] [all] version (1-4294967295) [wide|json] Display prefixes with matching version numbers. The version number and above having prefixes will be listed here. It helps to identify which prefixes were installed at some point. Here is an example of how to check what prefixes were installed starting with an arbitrary version: .. code-block:: shell # vtysh -c 'show bgp ipv4 unicast json' | jq '.tableVersion' 9 # vtysh -c 'show ip bgp version 9 json' | jq -r '.routes | keys[]' 192.168.3.0/24 # vtysh -c 'show ip bgp version 8 json' | jq -r '.routes | keys[]' 192.168.2.0/24 192.168.3.0/24 .. clicmd:: show bgp [afi] [safi] statistics Display statistics of routes of the selected afi and safi. .. clicmd:: show bgp statistics-all Display statistics of routes of all the afi and safi. .. clicmd:: show [ip] bgp [afi] [safi] [all] cidr-only [wide|json] Display routes with non-natural netmasks. .. clicmd:: show [ip] bgp [afi] [safi] [all] prefix-list WORD [wide|json] Display routes that match the specified prefix-list. If ``wide`` option is specified, then the prefix table's width is increased to fully display the prefix and the nexthop. If the ``json`` option is specified, output is displayed in JSON format. .. clicmd:: show [ip] bgp [afi] [safi] [all] access-list WORD [wide|json] Display routes that match the specified access-list. .. clicmd:: show [ip] bgp [afi] [safi] [all] filter-list WORD [wide|json] Display routes that match the specified AS-Path filter-list. If ``wide`` option is specified, then the prefix table's width is increased to fully display the prefix and the nexthop. If the ``json`` option is specified, output is displayed in JSON format. .. clicmd:: show [ip] bgp [afi] [safi] [all] route-map WORD [wide|json] Display routes that match the specified route-map. If ``wide`` option is specified, then the prefix table's width is increased to fully display the prefix and the nexthop. If the ``json`` option is specified, output is displayed in JSON format. .. clicmd:: show [ip] bgp [afi] [safi] [all] longer-prefixes [wide|json] Displays the specified route and all more specific routes. If ``wide`` option is specified, then the prefix table's width is increased to fully display the prefix and the nexthop. If the ``json`` option is specified, output is displayed in JSON format. .. clicmd:: show [ip] bgp [afi] [safi] [all] neighbors A.B.C.D [advertised-routes|received-routes|filtered-routes] [json|wide] Display the routes advertised to a BGP neighbor or received routes from neighbor or filtered routes received from neighbor based on the option specified. If ``wide`` option is specified, then the prefix table's width is increased to fully display the prefix and the nexthop. This is especially handy dealing with IPv6 prefixes and if :clicmd:`[no] bgp default show-nexthop-hostname` is enabled. If ``all`` option is specified, ``ip`` keyword is ignored and, routes displayed for all AFIs and SAFIs. if afi is specified, with ``all`` option, routes will be displayed for each SAFI in the selcted AFI If ``json`` option is specified, output is displayed in JSON format. .. _bgp-display-routes-by-community: Displaying Routes by Community Attribute ---------------------------------------- The following commands allow displaying routes based on their community attribute. .. clicmd:: show [ip] bgp [all] community [wide|json] .. clicmd:: show [ip] bgp [all] community COMMUNITY [wide|json] .. clicmd:: show [ip] bgp [all] community COMMUNITY exact-match [wide|json] These commands display BGP routes which have the community attribute. attribute. When ``COMMUNITY`` is specified, BGP routes that match that community are displayed. When `exact-match` is specified, it display only routes that have an exact match. .. clicmd:: show [ip] bgp community-list WORD [json] .. clicmd:: show [ip] bgp community-list WORD exact-match [json] These commands display BGP routes for the address family specified that match the specified community list. When `exact-match` is specified, it displays only routes that have an exact match. If ``wide`` option is specified, then the prefix table's width is increased to fully display the prefix and the nexthop. This is especially handy dealing with IPv6 prefixes and if :clicmd:`[no] bgp default show-nexthop-hostname` is enabled. If ``all`` option is specified, ``ip`` keyword is ignored and, routes displayed for all AFIs and SAFIs. if afi is specified, with ``all`` option, routes will be displayed for each SAFI in the selcted AFI If ``json`` option is specified, output is displayed in JSON format. .. clicmd:: show bgp labelpool [json] These commands display information about the BGP labelpool used for the association of MPLS labels with routes for L3VPN and Labeled Unicast If ``chunks`` option is specified, output shows the current list of label chunks granted to BGP by Zebra, indicating the start and end label in each chunk If ``inuse`` option is specified, output shows the current inuse list of label to prefix mappings If ``ledger`` option is specified, output shows ledger list of all label requests made per prefix If ``requests`` option is specified, output shows current list of label requests which have not yet been fulfilled by the labelpool If ``summary`` option is specified, output is a summary of the counts for the chunks, inuse, ledger and requests list along with the count of outstanding chunk requests to Zebra and the number of zebra reconnects that have happened If ``json`` option is specified, output is displayed in JSON format. .. _bgp-display-routes-by-lcommunity: Displaying Routes by Large Community Attribute ---------------------------------------------- The following commands allow displaying routes based on their large community attribute. .. clicmd:: show [ip] bgp large-community .. clicmd:: show [ip] bgp large-community LARGE-COMMUNITY .. clicmd:: show [ip] bgp large-community LARGE-COMMUNITY exact-match .. clicmd:: show [ip] bgp large-community LARGE-COMMUNITY json These commands display BGP routes which have the large community attribute. attribute. When ``LARGE-COMMUNITY`` is specified, BGP routes that match that large community are displayed. When `exact-match` is specified, it display only routes that have an exact match. When `json` is specified, it display routes in json format. .. clicmd:: show [ip] bgp large-community-list WORD .. clicmd:: show [ip] bgp large-community-list WORD exact-match .. clicmd:: show [ip] bgp large-community-list WORD json These commands display BGP routes for the address family specified that match the specified large community list. When `exact-match` is specified, it displays only routes that have an exact match. When `json` is specified, it display routes in json format. .. _bgp-display-routes-by-as-path: Displaying Routes by AS Path ---------------------------- .. clicmd:: show bgp ipv4|ipv6 regexp LINE This commands displays BGP routes that matches a regular expression `line` (:ref:`bgp-regular-expressions`). .. clicmd:: show [ip] bgp ipv4 vpn .. clicmd:: show [ip] bgp ipv6 vpn Print active IPV4 or IPV6 routes advertised via the VPN SAFI. .. clicmd:: show bgp ipv4 vpn summary .. clicmd:: show bgp ipv6 vpn summary Print a summary of neighbor connections for the specified AFI/SAFI combination. Displaying Routes by Route Distinguisher ---------------------------------------- .. clicmd:: show bgp [ vpn | l2vpn evpn [route]] rd For L3VPN and EVPN address-families, routes can be displayed on a per-RD (Route Distinguisher) basis or for all RD's. .. clicmd:: show bgp l2vpn evpn rd [overlay | tags] Use the ``overlay`` or ``tags`` keywords to display the overlay/tag information about the EVPN prefixes in the selected Route Distinguisher. .. clicmd:: show bgp l2vpn evpn route rd mac [ip ] [json] For EVPN Type 2 (macip) routes, a MAC address (and optionally an IP address) can be supplied to the command to only display matching prefixes in the specified RD. Displaying Update Group Information ----------------------------------- .. clicmd:: show bgp update-groups [advertise-queue|advertised-routes|packet-queue] Display Information about each individual update-group being used. If SUBGROUP-ID is specified only display about that particular group. If advertise-queue is specified the list of routes that need to be sent to the peers in the update-group is displayed, advertised-routes means the list of routes we have sent to the peers in the update-group and packet-queue specifies the list of packets in the queue to be sent. .. clicmd:: show bgp update-groups statistics Display Information about update-group events in FRR. Segment-Routing IPv6 -------------------- .. clicmd:: show bgp segment-routing srv6 This command displays information about SRv6 L3VPN in bgpd. Specifically, what kind of Locator is being used, and its Locator chunk information. And the SID of the SRv6 Function that is actually managed on bgpd. In the following example, bgpd is using a Locator named loc1, and two SRv6 Functions are managed to perform VPNv6 VRF redirect for vrf10 and vrf20. :: router# show bgp segment-routing srv6 locator_name: loc1 locator_chunks: - 2001:db8:1:1::/64 functions: - sid: 2001:db8:1:1::100 locator: loc1 - sid: 2001:db8:1:1::200 locator: loc1 bgps: - name: default vpn_policy[AFI_IP].tovpn_sid: none vpn_policy[AFI_IP6].tovpn_sid: none - name: vrf10 vpn_policy[AFI_IP].tovpn_sid: none vpn_policy[AFI_IP6].tovpn_sid: 2001:db8:1:1::100 - name: vrf20 vpn_policy[AFI_IP].tovpn_sid: none vpn_policy[AFI_IP6].tovpn_sid: 2001:db8:1:1::200 .. _bgp-route-reflector: Route Reflector =============== BGP routers connected inside the same AS through BGP belong to an internal BGP session, or IBGP. In order to prevent routing table loops, IBGP does not advertise IBGP-learned routes to other routers in the same session. As such, IBGP requires a full mesh of all peers. For large networks, this quickly becomes unscalable. Introducing route reflectors removes the need for the full-mesh. When route reflectors are configured, these will reflect the routes announced by the peers configured as clients. A route reflector client is configured with: .. clicmd:: neighbor PEER route-reflector-client To avoid single points of failure, multiple route reflectors can be configured. A cluster is a collection of route reflectors and their clients, and is used by route reflectors to avoid looping. .. clicmd:: bgp cluster-id A.B.C.D .. clicmd:: bgp no-rib To set and unset the BGP daemon ``-n`` / ``--no_kernel`` options during runtime to disable BGP route installation to the RIB (Zebra), the ``[no] bgp no-rib`` commands can be used; Please note that setting the option during runtime will withdraw all routes in the daemons RIB from Zebra and unsetting it will announce all routes in the daemons RIB to Zebra. If the option is passed as a command line argument when starting the daemon and the configuration gets saved, the option will persist unless removed from the configuration with the negating command prior to the configuration write operation. At this point in time non SAFI_UNICAST BGP data is not properly withdrawn from zebra when this command is issued. .. clicmd:: bgp allow-martian-nexthop When a peer receives a martian nexthop as part of the NLRI for a route permit the nexthop to be used as such, instead of rejecting and resetting the connection. .. clicmd:: bgp send-extra-data zebra This command turns on the ability of BGP to send extra data to zebra. Currently, it's the AS-Path, communities, and the path selection reason. The default behavior in BGP is not to send this data. If the routes were sent to zebra and the option is changed, bgpd doesn't reinstall the routes to comply with the new setting. .. clicmd:: bgp session-dscp (0-63) This command allows bgp to control, at a global level, the TCP dscp values in the TCP header. .. _bgp-suppress-fib: Suppressing routes not installed in FIB ======================================= The FRR implementation of BGP advertises prefixes learnt from a peer to other peers even if the routes do not get installed in the FIB. There can be scenarios where the hardware tables in some of the routers (along the path from the source to destination) is full which will result in all routes not getting installed in the FIB. If these routes are advertised to the downstream routers then traffic will start flowing and will be dropped at the intermediate router. The solution is to provide a configurable option to check for the FIB install status of the prefixes and advertise to peers if the prefixes are successfully installed in the FIB. The advertisement of the prefixes are suppressed if it is not installed in FIB. The following conditions apply will apply when checking for route installation status in FIB: 1. The advertisement or suppression of routes based on FIB install status applies only for newly learnt routes from peer (routes which are not in BGP local RIB). 2. If the route received from peer already exists in BGP local RIB and route attributes have changed (best path changed), the old path is deleted and new path is installed in FIB. The FIB install status will not have any effect. Therefore only when the route is received first time the checks apply. 3. The feature will not apply for routes learnt through other means like redistribution to bgp from other protocols. This is applicable only to peer learnt routes. 4. If a route is installed in FIB and then gets deleted from the dataplane, then routes will not be withdrawn from peers. This will be considered as dataplane issue. 5. The feature will slightly increase the time required to advertise the routes to peers since the route install status needs to be received from the FIB 6. If routes are received by the peer before the configuration is applied, then the bgp sessions need to be reset for the configuration to take effect. 7. If the route which is already installed in dataplane is removed for some reason, sending withdraw message to peers is not currently supported. .. clicmd:: bgp suppress-fib-pending This command is applicable at the global level and at an individual bgp level. If applied at the global level all bgp instances will wait for fib installation before announcing routes and there is no way to turn it off for a particular bgp vrf. .. _routing-policy: Routing Policy ============== You can set different routing policy for a peer. For example, you can set different filter for a peer. .. code-block:: frr ! router bgp 1 view 1 neighbor 10.0.0.1 remote-as 2 address-family ipv4 unicast neighbor 10.0.0.1 distribute-list 1 in exit-address-family ! router bgp 1 view 2 neighbor 10.0.0.1 remote-as 2 address-family ipv4 unicast neighbor 10.0.0.1 distribute-list 2 in exit-address-family This means BGP update from a peer 10.0.0.1 goes to both BGP view 1 and view 2. When the update is inserted into view 1, distribute-list 1 is applied. On the other hand, when the update is inserted into view 2, distribute-list 2 is applied. .. _bgp-regular-expressions: BGP Regular Expressions ======================= BGP regular expressions are based on :t:`POSIX 1003.2` regular expressions. The following description is just a quick subset of the POSIX regular expressions. .\* Matches any single character. \* Matches 0 or more occurrences of pattern. \+ Matches 1 or more occurrences of pattern. ? Match 0 or 1 occurrences of pattern. ^ Matches the beginning of the line. $ Matches the end of the line. _ The ``_`` character has special meanings in BGP regular expressions. It matches to space and comma , and AS set delimiter ``{`` and ``}`` and AS confederation delimiter ``(`` and ``)``. And it also matches to the beginning of the line and the end of the line. So ``_`` can be used for AS value boundaries match. This character technically evaluates to ``(^|[,{}()]|$)``. .. _bgp-configuration-examples: Miscellaneous Configuration Examples ==================================== Example of a session to an upstream, advertising only one prefix to it. .. code-block:: frr router bgp 64512 bgp router-id 10.236.87.1 neighbor upstream peer-group neighbor upstream remote-as 64515 neighbor upstream capability dynamic neighbor 10.1.1.1 peer-group upstream neighbor 10.1.1.1 description ACME ISP address-family ipv4 unicast network 10.236.87.0/24 neighbor upstream prefix-list pl-allowed-adv out exit-address-family ! ip prefix-list pl-allowed-adv seq 5 permit 82.195.133.0/25 ip prefix-list pl-allowed-adv seq 10 deny any A more complex example including upstream, peer and customer sessions advertising global prefixes and NO_EXPORT prefixes and providing actions for customer routes based on community values. Extensive use is made of route-maps and the 'call' feature to support selective advertising of prefixes. This example is intended as guidance only, it has NOT been tested and almost certainly contains silly mistakes, if not serious flaws. .. code-block:: frr router bgp 64512 bgp router-id 10.236.87.1 neighbor upstream capability dynamic neighbor cust capability dynamic neighbor peer capability dynamic neighbor 10.1.1.1 remote-as 64515 neighbor 10.1.1.1 peer-group upstream neighbor 10.2.1.1 remote-as 64516 neighbor 10.2.1.1 peer-group upstream neighbor 10.3.1.1 remote-as 64517 neighbor 10.3.1.1 peer-group cust-default neighbor 10.3.1.1 description customer1 neighbor 10.4.1.1 remote-as 64518 neighbor 10.4.1.1 peer-group cust neighbor 10.4.1.1 description customer2 neighbor 10.5.1.1 remote-as 64519 neighbor 10.5.1.1 peer-group peer neighbor 10.5.1.1 description peer AS 1 neighbor 10.6.1.1 remote-as 64520 neighbor 10.6.1.1 peer-group peer neighbor 10.6.1.1 description peer AS 2 address-family ipv4 unicast network 10.123.456.0/24 network 10.123.456.128/25 route-map rm-no-export neighbor upstream route-map rm-upstream-out out neighbor cust route-map rm-cust-in in neighbor cust route-map rm-cust-out out neighbor cust send-community both neighbor peer route-map rm-peer-in in neighbor peer route-map rm-peer-out out neighbor peer send-community both neighbor 10.3.1.1 prefix-list pl-cust1-network in neighbor 10.4.1.1 prefix-list pl-cust2-network in neighbor 10.5.1.1 prefix-list pl-peer1-network in neighbor 10.6.1.1 prefix-list pl-peer2-network in exit-address-family ! ip prefix-list pl-default permit 0.0.0.0/0 ! ip prefix-list pl-upstream-peers permit 10.1.1.1/32 ip prefix-list pl-upstream-peers permit 10.2.1.1/32 ! ip prefix-list pl-cust1-network permit 10.3.1.0/24 ip prefix-list pl-cust1-network permit 10.3.2.0/24 ! ip prefix-list pl-cust2-network permit 10.4.1.0/24 ! ip prefix-list pl-peer1-network permit 10.5.1.0/24 ip prefix-list pl-peer1-network permit 10.5.2.0/24 ip prefix-list pl-peer1-network permit 192.168.0.0/24 ! ip prefix-list pl-peer2-network permit 10.6.1.0/24 ip prefix-list pl-peer2-network permit 10.6.2.0/24 ip prefix-list pl-peer2-network permit 192.168.1.0/24 ip prefix-list pl-peer2-network permit 192.168.2.0/24 ip prefix-list pl-peer2-network permit 172.16.1/24 ! bgp as-path access-list seq 5 asp-own-as permit ^$ bgp as-path access-list seq 10 asp-own-as permit _64512_ ! ! ################################################################# ! Match communities we provide actions for, on routes receives from ! customers. Communities values of :X, with X, have actions: ! ! 100 - blackhole the prefix ! 200 - set no_export ! 300 - advertise only to other customers ! 400 - advertise only to upstreams ! 500 - set no_export when advertising to upstreams ! 2X00 - set local_preference to X00 ! ! blackhole the prefix of the route bgp community-list standard cm-blackhole permit 64512:100 ! ! set no-export community before advertising bgp community-list standard cm-set-no-export permit 64512:200 ! ! advertise only to other customers bgp community-list standard cm-cust-only permit 64512:300 ! ! advertise only to upstreams bgp community-list standard cm-upstream-only permit 64512:400 ! ! advertise to upstreams with no-export bgp community-list standard cm-upstream-noexport permit 64512:500 ! ! set local-pref to least significant 3 digits of the community bgp community-list standard cm-prefmod-100 permit 64512:2100 bgp community-list standard cm-prefmod-200 permit 64512:2200 bgp community-list standard cm-prefmod-300 permit 64512:2300 bgp community-list standard cm-prefmod-400 permit 64512:2400 bgp community-list expanded cme-prefmod-range permit 64512:2... ! ! Informational communities ! ! 3000 - learned from upstream ! 3100 - learned from customer ! 3200 - learned from peer ! bgp community-list standard cm-learnt-upstream permit 64512:3000 bgp community-list standard cm-learnt-cust permit 64512:3100 bgp community-list standard cm-learnt-peer permit 64512:3200 ! ! ################################################################### ! Utility route-maps ! ! These utility route-maps generally should not used to permit/deny ! routes, i.e. they do not have meaning as filters, and hence probably ! should be used with 'on-match next'. These all finish with an empty ! permit entry so as not interfere with processing in the caller. ! route-map rm-no-export permit 10 set community additive no-export route-map rm-no-export permit 20 ! route-map rm-blackhole permit 10 description blackhole, up-pref and ensure it cannot escape this AS set ip next-hop 127.0.0.1 set local-preference 10 set community additive no-export route-map rm-blackhole permit 20 ! ! Set local-pref as requested route-map rm-prefmod permit 10 match community cm-prefmod-100 set local-preference 100 route-map rm-prefmod permit 20 match community cm-prefmod-200 set local-preference 200 route-map rm-prefmod permit 30 match community cm-prefmod-300 set local-preference 300 route-map rm-prefmod permit 40 match community cm-prefmod-400 set local-preference 400 route-map rm-prefmod permit 50 ! ! Community actions to take on receipt of route. route-map rm-community-in permit 10 description check for blackholing, no point continuing if it matches. match community cm-blackhole call rm-blackhole route-map rm-community-in permit 20 match community cm-set-no-export call rm-no-export on-match next route-map rm-community-in permit 30 match community cme-prefmod-range call rm-prefmod route-map rm-community-in permit 40 ! ! ##################################################################### ! Community actions to take when advertising a route. ! These are filtering route-maps, ! ! Deny customer routes to upstream with cust-only set. route-map rm-community-filt-to-upstream deny 10 match community cm-learnt-cust match community cm-cust-only route-map rm-community-filt-to-upstream permit 20 ! ! Deny customer routes to other customers with upstream-only set. route-map rm-community-filt-to-cust deny 10 match community cm-learnt-cust match community cm-upstream-only route-map rm-community-filt-to-cust permit 20 ! ! ################################################################### ! The top-level route-maps applied to sessions. Further entries could ! be added obviously.. ! ! Customers route-map rm-cust-in permit 10 call rm-community-in on-match next route-map rm-cust-in permit 20 set community additive 64512:3100 route-map rm-cust-in permit 30 ! route-map rm-cust-out permit 10 call rm-community-filt-to-cust on-match next route-map rm-cust-out permit 20 ! ! Upstream transit ASes route-map rm-upstream-out permit 10 description filter customer prefixes which are marked cust-only call rm-community-filt-to-upstream on-match next route-map rm-upstream-out permit 20 description only customer routes are provided to upstreams/peers match community cm-learnt-cust ! ! Peer ASes ! outbound policy is same as for upstream route-map rm-peer-out permit 10 call rm-upstream-out ! route-map rm-peer-in permit 10 set community additive 64512:3200 Example of how to set up a 6-Bone connection. .. code-block:: frr ! bgpd configuration ! ================== ! ! MP-BGP configuration ! router bgp 7675 bgp router-id 10.0.0.1 neighbor 3ffe:1cfa:0:2:2a0:c9ff:fe9e:f56 remote-as `as-number` ! address-family ipv6 network 3ffe:506::/32 neighbor 3ffe:1cfa:0:2:2a0:c9ff:fe9e:f56 activate neighbor 3ffe:1cfa:0:2:2a0:c9ff:fe9e:f56 route-map set-nexthop out neighbor 3ffe:1cfa:0:2:2c0:4fff:fe68:a231 remote-as `as-number` neighbor 3ffe:1cfa:0:2:2c0:4fff:fe68:a231 route-map set-nexthop out exit-address-family ! ipv6 access-list all permit any ! ! Set output nexthop address. ! route-map set-nexthop permit 10 match ipv6 address all set ipv6 nexthop global 3ffe:1cfa:0:2:2c0:4fff:fe68:a225 set ipv6 nexthop local fe80::2c0:4fff:fe68:a225 ! log file bgpd.log ! .. _bgp-tcp-mss: BGP tcp-mss support =================== TCP provides a mechanism for the user to specify the max segment size. setsockopt API is used to set the max segment size for TCP session. We can configure this as part of BGP neighbor configuration. This document explains how to avoid ICMP vulnerability issues by limiting TCP max segment size when you are using MTU discovery. Using MTU discovery on TCP paths is one method of avoiding BGP packet fragmentation. TCP negotiates a maximum segment size (MSS) value during session connection establishment between two peers. The MSS value negotiated is primarily based on the maximum transmission unit (MTU) of the interfaces to which the communicating peers are directly connected. However, due to variations in link MTU on the path taken by the TCP packets, some packets in the network that are well within the MSS value might be fragmented when the packet size exceeds the link's MTU. This feature is supported with TCP over IPv4 and TCP over IPv6. CLI Configuration: ------------------ Below configuration can be done in router bgp mode and allows the user to configure the tcp-mss value per neighbor. The configuration gets applied only after hard reset is performed on that neighbor. If we configure tcp-mss on both the neighbors then both neighbors need to be reset. The configuration takes effect based on below rules, so there is a configured tcp-mss and a synced tcp-mss value per TCP session. By default if the configuration is not done then the TCP max segment size is set to the Maximum Transmission unit (MTU) – (IP/IP6 header size + TCP header size + ethernet header). For IPv4 its MTU – (20 bytes IP header + 20 bytes TCP header + 12 bytes ethernet header) and for IPv6 its MTU – (40 bytes IPv6 header + 20 bytes TCP header + 12 bytes ethernet header). If the config is done then it reduces 12-14 bytes for the ether header and uses it after synchronizing in TCP handshake. .. clicmd:: neighbor tcp-mss (1-65535) When tcp-mss is configured kernel reduces 12-14 bytes for ethernet header. E.g. if tcp-mss is configured as 150 the synced value will be 138. Note: configured and synced value is different since TCP module will reduce 12 bytes for ethernet header. Running config: --------------- .. code-block:: frr frr# show running-config Building configuration... Current configuration: ! router bgp 100 bgp router-id 192.0.2.1 neighbor 198.51.100.2 remote-as 100 neighbor 198.51.100.2 tcp-mss 150 => new entry neighbor 2001:DB8::2 remote-as 100 neighbor 2001:DB8::2 tcp-mss 400 => new entry Show command: ------------- .. code-block:: frr frr# show bgp neighbors 198.51.100.2 BGP neighbor is 198.51.100.2, remote AS 100, local AS 100, internal link Hostname: frr BGP version 4, remote router ID 192.0.2.2, local router ID 192.0.2.1 BGP state = Established, up for 02:15:28 Last read 00:00:28, Last write 00:00:28 Hold time is 180, keepalive interval is 60 seconds Configured tcp-mss is 150, synced tcp-mss is 138 => new display .. code-block:: frr frr# show bgp neighbors 2001:DB8::2 BGP neighbor is 2001:DB8::2, remote AS 100, local AS 100, internal link Hostname: frr BGP version 4, remote router ID 192.0.2.2, local router ID 192.0.2.1 BGP state = Established, up for 02:16:34 Last read 00:00:34, Last write 00:00:34 Hold time is 180, keepalive interval is 60 seconds Configured tcp-mss is 400, synced tcp-mss is 388 => new display Show command json output: ------------------------- .. code-block:: frr frr# show bgp neighbors 2001:DB8::2 json { "2001:DB8::2":{ "remoteAs":100, "localAs":100, "nbrInternalLink":true, "hostname":"frr", "bgpVersion":4, "remoteRouterId":"192.0.2.2", "localRouterId":"192.0.2.1", "bgpState":"Established", "bgpTimerUpMsec":8349000, "bgpTimerUpString":"02:19:09", "bgpTimerUpEstablishedEpoch":1613054251, "bgpTimerLastRead":9000, "bgpTimerLastWrite":9000, "bgpInUpdateElapsedTimeMsecs":8347000, "bgpTimerHoldTimeMsecs":180000, "bgpTimerKeepAliveIntervalMsecs":60000, "bgpTcpMssConfigured":400, => new entry "bgpTcpMssSynced":388, => new entry .. code-block:: frr frr# show bgp neighbors 198.51.100.2 json { "198.51.100.2":{ "remoteAs":100, "localAs":100, "nbrInternalLink":true, "hostname":"frr", "bgpVersion":4, "remoteRouterId":"192.0.2.2", "localRouterId":"192.0.2.1", "bgpState":"Established", "bgpTimerUpMsec":8370000, "bgpTimerUpString":"02:19:30", "bgpTimerUpEstablishedEpoch":1613054251, "bgpTimerLastRead":30000, "bgpTimerLastWrite":30000, "bgpInUpdateElapsedTimeMsecs":8368000, "bgpTimerHoldTimeMsecs":180000, "bgpTimerKeepAliveIntervalMsecs":60000, "bgpTcpMssConfigured":150, => new entry "bgpTcpMssSynced":138, => new entry .. include:: routeserver.rst .. include:: rpki.rst .. include:: wecmp_linkbw.rst .. include:: flowspec.rst .. [#med-transitivity-rant] For some set of objects to have an order, there *must* be some binary ordering relation that is defined for *every* combination of those objects, and that relation *must* be transitive. I.e.:, if the relation operator is <, and if a < b and b < c then that relation must carry over and it *must* be that a < c for the objects to have an order. The ordering relation may allow for equality, i.e. a < b and b < a may both be true and imply that a and b are equal in the order and not distinguished by it, in which case the set has a partial order. Otherwise, if there is an order, all the objects have a distinct place in the order and the set has a total order) .. [bgp-route-osci-cond] McPherson, D. and Gill, V. and Walton, D., "Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) Persistent Route Oscillation Condition", IETF RFC3345 .. [stable-flexible-ibgp] Flavel, A. and M. Roughan, "Stable and flexible iBGP", ACM SIGCOMM 2009 .. [ibgp-correctness] Griffin, T. and G. Wilfong, "On the correctness of IBGP configuration", ACM SIGCOMM 2002 .. _bgp-fast-convergence: BGP fast-convergence support ============================ Whenever BGP peer address becomes unreachable we must bring down the BGP session immediately. Currently only single-hop EBGP sessions are brought down immediately.IBGP and multi-hop EBGP sessions wait for hold-timer expiry to bring down the sessions. This new configuration option helps user to teardown BGP sessions immediately whenever peer becomes unreachable. .. clicmd:: bgp fast-convergence This configuration is available at the bgp level. When enabled, configuration is applied to all the neighbors configured in that bgp instance. .. code-block:: frr router bgp 64496 neighbor 10.0.0.2 remote-as 64496 neighbor fd00::2 remote-as 64496 bgp fast-convergence ! address-family ipv4 unicast redistribute static exit-address-family ! address-family ipv6 unicast neighbor fd00::2 activate exit-address-family