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+// Copyright 2012 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
+// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+package rand_test
+
+import (
+ "fmt"
+ "math/rand"
+ "os"
+ "strings"
+ "text/tabwriter"
+)
+
+// These tests serve as an example but also make sure we don't change
+// the output of the random number generator when given a fixed seed.
+
+func Example() {
+ // Seeding with the same value results in the same random sequence each run.
+ // For different numbers, seed with a different value, such as
+ // time.Now().UnixNano(), which yields a constantly-changing number.
+ rand.Seed(42)
+ answers := []string{
+ "It is certain",
+ "It is decidedly so",
+ "Without a doubt",
+ "Yes definitely",
+ "You may rely on it",
+ "As I see it yes",
+ "Most likely",
+ "Outlook good",
+ "Yes",
+ "Signs point to yes",
+ "Reply hazy try again",
+ "Ask again later",
+ "Better not tell you now",
+ "Cannot predict now",
+ "Concentrate and ask again",
+ "Don't count on it",
+ "My reply is no",
+ "My sources say no",
+ "Outlook not so good",
+ "Very doubtful",
+ }
+ fmt.Println("Magic 8-Ball says:", answers[rand.Intn(len(answers))])
+ // Output: Magic 8-Ball says: As I see it yes
+}
+
+// This example shows the use of each of the methods on a *Rand.
+// The use of the global functions is the same, without the receiver.
+func Example_rand() {
+ // Create and seed the generator.
+ // Typically a non-fixed seed should be used, such as time.Now().UnixNano().
+ // Using a fixed seed will produce the same output on every run.
+ r := rand.New(rand.NewSource(99))
+
+ // The tabwriter here helps us generate aligned output.
+ w := tabwriter.NewWriter(os.Stdout, 1, 1, 1, ' ', 0)
+ defer w.Flush()
+ show := func(name string, v1, v2, v3 any) {
+ fmt.Fprintf(w, "%s\t%v\t%v\t%v\n", name, v1, v2, v3)
+ }
+
+ // Float32 and Float64 values are in [0, 1).
+ show("Float32", r.Float32(), r.Float32(), r.Float32())
+ show("Float64", r.Float64(), r.Float64(), r.Float64())
+
+ // ExpFloat64 values have an average of 1 but decay exponentially.
+ show("ExpFloat64", r.ExpFloat64(), r.ExpFloat64(), r.ExpFloat64())
+
+ // NormFloat64 values have an average of 0 and a standard deviation of 1.
+ show("NormFloat64", r.NormFloat64(), r.NormFloat64(), r.NormFloat64())
+
+ // Int31, Int63, and Uint32 generate values of the given width.
+ // The Int method (not shown) is like either Int31 or Int63
+ // depending on the size of 'int'.
+ show("Int31", r.Int31(), r.Int31(), r.Int31())
+ show("Int63", r.Int63(), r.Int63(), r.Int63())
+ show("Uint32", r.Uint32(), r.Uint32(), r.Uint32())
+
+ // Intn, Int31n, and Int63n limit their output to be < n.
+ // They do so more carefully than using r.Int()%n.
+ show("Intn(10)", r.Intn(10), r.Intn(10), r.Intn(10))
+ show("Int31n(10)", r.Int31n(10), r.Int31n(10), r.Int31n(10))
+ show("Int63n(10)", r.Int63n(10), r.Int63n(10), r.Int63n(10))
+
+ // Perm generates a random permutation of the numbers [0, n).
+ show("Perm", r.Perm(5), r.Perm(5), r.Perm(5))
+ // Output:
+ // Float32 0.2635776 0.6358173 0.6718283
+ // Float64 0.628605430454327 0.4504798828572669 0.9562755949377957
+ // ExpFloat64 0.3362240648200941 1.4256072328483647 0.24354758816173044
+ // NormFloat64 0.17233959114940064 1.577014951434847 0.04259129641113857
+ // Int31 1501292890 1486668269 182840835
+ // Int63 3546343826724305832 5724354148158589552 5239846799706671610
+ // Uint32 2760229429 296659907 1922395059
+ // Intn(10) 1 2 5
+ // Int31n(10) 4 7 8
+ // Int63n(10) 7 6 3
+ // Perm [1 4 2 3 0] [4 2 1 3 0] [1 2 4 0 3]
+}
+
+func ExamplePerm() {
+ for _, value := range rand.Perm(3) {
+ fmt.Println(value)
+ }
+
+ // Unordered output: 1
+ // 2
+ // 0
+}
+
+func ExampleShuffle() {
+ words := strings.Fields("ink runs from the corners of my mouth")
+ rand.Shuffle(len(words), func(i, j int) {
+ words[i], words[j] = words[j], words[i]
+ })
+ fmt.Println(words)
+
+ // Output:
+ // [mouth my the of runs corners from ink]
+}
+
+func ExampleShuffle_slicesInUnison() {
+ numbers := []byte("12345")
+ letters := []byte("ABCDE")
+ // Shuffle numbers, swapping corresponding entries in letters at the same time.
+ rand.Shuffle(len(numbers), func(i, j int) {
+ numbers[i], numbers[j] = numbers[j], numbers[i]
+ letters[i], letters[j] = letters[j], letters[i]
+ })
+ for i := range numbers {
+ fmt.Printf("%c: %c\n", letters[i], numbers[i])
+ }
+
+ // Output:
+ // C: 3
+ // D: 4
+ // A: 1
+ // E: 5
+ // B: 2
+}
+
+func ExampleIntn() {
+ // Seeding with the same value results in the same random sequence each run.
+ // For different numbers, seed with a different value, such as
+ // time.Now().UnixNano(), which yields a constantly-changing number.
+ rand.Seed(86)
+ fmt.Println(rand.Intn(100))
+ fmt.Println(rand.Intn(100))
+ fmt.Println(rand.Intn(100))
+
+ // Output:
+ // 42
+ // 76
+ // 30
+}