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diff --git a/doc/02-installation.md b/doc/02-installation.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d7ab43f --- /dev/null +++ b/doc/02-installation.md @@ -0,0 +1,667 @@ +<!-- {% if index %} --> +# Installation <a id="installation"></a> + +This tutorial is a step-by-step introduction to install Icinga 2. +It assumes that you are familiar with the operating system you're using to install Icinga 2. + +Please follow the steps listed for your operating system. Packages for distributions other than the ones +listed here may also be available. Please refer to [icinga.com/get-started/download](https://icinga.com/get-started/download/#community) +for a full list of available community repositories. + +## Upgrade <a id="upgrade"></a> + +In case you are upgrading an existing setup, please ensure to +follow the [upgrade documentation](16-upgrading-icinga-2.md#upgrading-icinga-2). +<!-- {% else %} --> + +## Add Icinga Package Repository <a id="add-icinga-package-repository"></a> + +We recommend using our official repositories. Here's how to add it to your system: + +<!-- {% if debian %} --> + +### Debian Repository <a id="debian-repository"></a> + +```bash +apt-get update +apt-get -y install apt-transport-https wget gnupg + +wget -O - https://packages.icinga.com/icinga.key | apt-key add - + +DIST=$(awk -F"[)(]+" '/VERSION=/ {print $2}' /etc/os-release); \ + echo "deb https://packages.icinga.com/debian icinga-${DIST} main" > \ + /etc/apt/sources.list.d/${DIST}-icinga.list + echo "deb-src https://packages.icinga.com/debian icinga-${DIST} main" >> \ + /etc/apt/sources.list.d/${DIST}-icinga.list + +apt-get update +``` + +#### Debian Backports Repository <a id="debian-backports-repository"></a> + +This repository is required for Debian Stretch since Icinga v2.11. + +Debian Stretch: + +```bash +DIST=$(awk -F"[)(]+" '/VERSION=/ {print $2}' /etc/os-release); \ + echo "deb https://deb.debian.org/debian ${DIST}-backports main" > \ + /etc/apt/sources.list.d/${DIST}-backports.list + +apt-get update +``` + +<!-- {% endif %} --> + +<!-- {% if ubuntu %} --> +### Ubuntu Repository <a id="ubuntu-repository"></a> + +```bash +apt-get update +apt-get -y install apt-transport-https wget gnupg + +wget -O - https://packages.icinga.com/icinga.key | apt-key add - + +. /etc/os-release; if [ ! -z ${UBUNTU_CODENAME+x} ]; then DIST="${UBUNTU_CODENAME}"; else DIST="$(lsb_release -c| awk '{print $2}')"; fi; \ + echo "deb https://packages.icinga.com/ubuntu icinga-${DIST} main" > \ + /etc/apt/sources.list.d/${DIST}-icinga.list + echo "deb-src https://packages.icinga.com/ubuntu icinga-${DIST} main" >> \ + /etc/apt/sources.list.d/${DIST}-icinga.list + +apt-get update +``` +<!-- {% endif %} --> + +<!-- {% if raspbian %} --> +### Raspbian Repository <a id="raspbian-repository"></a> + +```bash +apt-get update +apt-get -y install apt-transport-https wget gnupg + +wget -O - https://packages.icinga.com/icinga.key | apt-key add - + +DIST=$(awk -F"[)(]+" '/VERSION=/ {print $2}' /etc/os-release); \ + echo "deb https://packages.icinga.com/raspbian icinga-${DIST} main" > \ + /etc/apt/sources.list.d/icinga.list + echo "deb-src https://packages.icinga.com/raspbian icinga-${DIST} main" >> \ + /etc/apt/sources.list.d/icinga.list + +apt-get update +``` +<!-- {% endif %} --> + +<!-- {% if centos %} --> +### CentOS Repository <a id="centos-repository"></a> + +```bash +rpm --import https://packages.icinga.com/icinga.key +wget https://packages.icinga.com/centos/ICINGA-release.repo -O /etc/yum.repos.d/ICINGA-release.repo +``` + +The packages for CentOS depend on other packages which are distributed +as part of the [EPEL repository](https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/EPEL): + +```bash +yum install epel-release +``` +<!-- {% endif %} --> + +<!-- {% if rhel %} --> +### RHEL Repository <a id="rhel-repository"></a> + +!!! info + + A paid repository subscription is required for RHEL repositories. Get more information on + [icinga.com/subscription](https://icinga.com/subscription) + + Don't forget to fill in the username and password section with your credentials in the local .repo file. + +```bash +rpm --import https://packages.icinga.com/icinga.key +wget https://packages.icinga.com/subscription/rhel/ICINGA-release.repo -O /etc/yum.repos.d/ICINGA-release.repo +``` + +If you are using RHEL you need to additionally enable the `codeready-builder` +repository before installing the [EPEL rpm package](https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/EPEL#How_can_I_use_these_extra_packages.3F). + +#### RHEL 8 or Later + +```bash +ARCH=$(/bin/arch) +OSVER=$(. /etc/os-release; echo "${VERSION_ID%%.*}") + +subscription-manager repos --enable "codeready-builder-for-rhel-${OSVER}-${ARCH}-rpms" + +dnf install https://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/epel-release-latest-${OSVER}.noarch.rpm +``` + +#### RHEL 7 + +```bash +subscription-manager repos --enable rhel-7-server-optional-rpms + +yum install https://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/epel-release-latest-7.noarch.rpm +``` +<!-- {% endif %} --> + + +<!-- {% if fedora %} --> +### Fedora Repository <a id="fedora-repository"></a> + +```bash +rpm --import https://packages.icinga.com/icinga.key +dnf install https://packages.icinga.com/fedora/icinga-rpm-release-$(. /etc/os-release; echo "$VERSION_ID")-latest.noarch.rpm +``` +<!-- {% endif %} --> + +<!-- {% if sles %} --> +### SLES Repository <a id="sles-repository"></a> + +!!! info + + A paid repository subscription is required for SLES repositories. Get more information on + [icinga.com/subscription](https://icinga.com/subscription) + + Don't forget to fill in the username and password section with your credentials in the local .repo file. + +```bash +rpm --import https://packages.icinga.com/icinga.key + +zypper ar https://packages.icinga.com/subscription/sles/ICINGA-release.repo +zypper ref +``` + +You need to additionally add the `PackageHub` repository to fulfill dependencies: + +```bash +source /etc/os-release + +SUSEConnect -p PackageHub/$VERSION_ID/x86_64 +``` +<!-- {% endif %} --> + +<!-- {% if opensuse %} --> +### openSUSE Repository <a id="opensuse-repository"></a> + +```bash +rpm --import https://packages.icinga.com/icinga.key + +zypper ar https://packages.icinga.com/openSUSE/ICINGA-release.repo +zypper ref +``` + +You need to additionally add the `server:monitoring` repository to fulfill dependencies: + +```bash +zypper ar https://download.opensuse.org/repositories/server:/monitoring/15.3/server:monitoring.repo +``` +<!-- {% endif %} --> + +<!-- {% if amazon_linux %} --> +### Amazon Linux 2 Repository <a id="amazon-linux-2-repository"></a> + +!!! info + + A paid repository subscription is required for Amazon Linux repositories. Get more information on + [icinga.com/subscription](https://icinga.com/subscription) + + Don't forget to fill in the username and password section with your credentials in the local .repo file. + +```bash +rpm --import https://packages.icinga.com/icinga.key +wget https://packages.icinga.com/subscription/amazon/ICINGA-release.repo -O /etc/yum.repos.d/ICINGA-release.repo +``` + +The packages for Amazon Linux 2 depend on other packages which are distributed +as part of the [EPEL repository](https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/EPEL). + +```bash +yum install epel-release +``` +<!-- {% endif %} --> + +<!-- {% if windows %} --> +### Icinga for Windows Repository <a id="icinga-for-windows-repository"></a> +[Icinga for Windows](https://icinga.com/docs/icinga-for-windows/latest/doc/000-Introduction/) is the recommended +way to install and update Icinga 2 on Windows. + +We provide a dedicated repository for Windows to simplify the installation. Please refer to the official +[Icinga for Windows installation docs](https://icinga.com/docs/icinga-for-windows/latest/doc/110-Installation/01-Getting-Started/) +<!-- {% else %} --> + +## Install Icinga 2 <a id="installing-icinga2"></a> + +You can install Icinga 2 by using your distribution's package manager +to install the `icinga2` package. The following commands must be executed +with `root` permissions unless noted otherwise. + +<!-- {% if centos or rhel or fedora or amazon_linux %} --> +!!! tip + + If you have [SELinux](22-selinux.md) enabled, the package `icinga2-selinux` is also required. +<!-- {% endif %} --> + +<!-- {% if debian or ubuntu or raspbian %} --> +<!-- {% if not icingaDocs %} --> +#### Debian / Ubuntu / Raspbian +<!-- {% endif %} --> +```bash +apt-get install icinga2 +``` +<!-- {% endif %} --> + +<!-- {% if centos %} --> +<!-- {% if not icingaDocs %} --> +#### CentOS +<!-- {% endif %} --> +!!! info + + Note that installing Icinga 2 is only supported on CentOS 7 as CentOS 8 is EOL. + +```bash +yum install icinga2 +systemctl enable icinga2 +systemctl start icinga2 +``` +<!-- {% endif %} --> + +<!-- {% if rhel %} --> +#### RHEL 8 or Later + +```bash +dnf install icinga2 +systemctl enable icinga2 +systemctl start icinga2 +``` + +#### RHEL 7 + +```bash +yum install icinga2 +systemctl enable icinga2 +systemctl start icinga2 +``` +<!-- {% endif %} --> + +<!-- {% if fedora %} --> +<!-- {% if not icingaDocs %} --> +#### Fedora +<!-- {% endif %} --> +```bash +dnf install icinga2 +systemctl enable icinga2 +systemctl start icinga2 +``` +<!-- {% endif %} --> + +<!-- {% if sles or opensuse %} --> +<!-- {% if not icingaDocs %} --> +#### SLES / openSUSE +<!-- {% endif %} --> +```bash +zypper install icinga2 +``` +<!-- {% endif %} --> + +<!-- {% if amazon_linux %} --> +<!-- {% if not icingaDocs %} --> +#### Amazon Linux 2 +<!-- {% endif %} --> +```bash +yum install icinga2 +systemctl enable icinga2 +systemctl start icinga2 +``` +<!-- {% endif %} --> + +### Systemd Service <a id="systemd-service"></a> + +The majority of supported distributions use systemd. The Icinga 2 packages automatically install the necessary +systemd unit files. + +If you're stuck with configuration errors, you can manually invoke the +[configuration validation](11-cli-commands.md#config-validation). + +```bash +icinga2 daemon -C +``` + +!!! tip + + If you are running into fork errors with systemd enabled distributions, + please check the [troubleshooting chapter](15-troubleshooting.md#check-fork-errors). + + +## Set up Check Plugins <a id="setting-up-check-plugins"></a> + +Without plugins Icinga 2 does not know how to check external services. The +[Monitoring Plugins Project](https://www.monitoring-plugins.org/) provides +an extensive set of plugins which can be used with Icinga 2 to check whether +services are working properly. + +These plugins are required to make the [example configuration](04-configuration.md#configuring-icinga2-overview) +work out-of-the-box. + +Depending on which directory your plugins are installed into you may need to +update the global `PluginDir` constant in your [Icinga 2 configuration](04-configuration.md#constants-conf). +This constant is used by the check command definitions contained in the Icinga Template Library +to determine where to find the plugin binaries. + +!!! tip + + Please refer to the [service monitoring](05-service-monitoring.md#service-monitoring-plugins) chapter for details about how to integrate + additional check plugins into your Icinga 2 setup. + + +<!-- {% if debian or ubuntu or raspbian %} --> +<!-- {% if not icingaDocs %} --> +#### Debian / Ubuntu / Raspbian +<!-- {% endif %} --> +```bash +apt-get install monitoring-plugins +``` +<!-- {% endif %} --> + +<!-- {% if centos %} --> +<!-- {% if not icingaDocs %} --> +#### CentOS +<!-- {% endif %} --> +The packages for CentOS depend on other packages which are distributed as part of the EPEL repository. + +```bash +yum install nagios-plugins-all +``` +<!-- {% endif %} --> + +<!-- {% if rhel %} --> +<!-- {% if not icingaDocs %} --> +#### RHEL +<!-- {% endif %} --> +The packages for RHEL depend on other packages which are distributed as part of the EPEL repository. + +#### RHEL 8 or Later + +```bash +dnf install nagios-plugins-all +``` + +#### RHEL 7 + +```bash +yum install nagios-plugins-all +``` +<!-- {% endif %} --> + +<!-- {% if fedora %} --> +<!-- {% if not icingaDocs %} --> +#### Fedora +<!-- {% endif %} --> +```bash +dnf install nagios-plugins-all +``` +<!-- {% endif %} --> + +<!-- {% if sles or opensuse %} --> +<!-- {% if not icingaDocs %} --> +#### SLES / openSUSE +<!-- {% endif %} --> +The packages depend on other packages which are distributed +as part of the [server:monitoring repository](https://build.opensuse.org/project/repositories/server:monitoring). +Please make sure to enable this repository beforehand. + +```bash +zypper install monitoring-plugins +``` +<!-- {% endif %} --> + +<!-- {% if amazon_linux %} --> +<!-- {% if not icingaDocs %} --> +#### Amazon Linux 2 +<!-- {% endif %} --> +The packages for Amazon Linux 2 depend on other packages which are distributed as part of the EPEL repository. + +```bash +amazon-linux-extras install epel + +yum install nagios-plugins-all +``` +<!-- {% endif %} --> + +## Set up Icinga 2 API <a id="set-up-icinga2-api"></a> + +Almost every Icinga 2 setup requires the Icinga 2 API as Icinga Web connects to it, Icinga DB requires it, +and it enables cluster communication functionality for highly available and distributed setups. + +!!! info + + If you set up a highly available and/or distributed Icinga monitoring environment, please read the + [Distributed Monitoring](06-distributed-monitoring.md#distributed-monitoring) chapter as + the commands to set up the API are different from setting up a single node setup. + +See the [API](12-icinga2-api.md#icinga2-api-setup) chapter for details, +or follow the steps below to set up the API quickly: + +Run the following command to: + +* enable the `api` feature, +* set up certificates, and +* add the API user `root` with an auto-generated password in the configuration file + `/etc/icinga2/conf.d/api-users.conf`. + +```bash +icinga2 api setup +``` + +Restart Icinga 2 for these changes to take effect. + +```bash +systemctl restart icinga2 +``` + +<!-- {% if amazon_linux or centos or debian or rhel or sles or ubuntu %} --> +## Set up Icinga DB <a id="set-up-icinga-db"></a> + +Icinga DB is a set of components for publishing, synchronizing and +visualizing monitoring data in the Icinga ecosystem, consisting of: + +* Icinga 2 with its `icingadb` feature enabled, + responsible for publishing monitoring data to a Redis server, i.e. configuration and its runtime updates, + check results, state changes, downtimes, acknowledgements, notifications, and other events such as flapping +* The [Icinga DB daemon](https://icinga.com/docs/icinga-db), + which synchronizes the data between the Redis server and a database +* And Icinga Web with the + [Icinga DB Web](https://icinga.com/docs/icinga-db-web) module enabled, + which connects to both Redis and the database to display and work with the most up-to-date data + + + +!!! info + + Setting up Icinga 2's Icinga DB feature is only required for Icinga 2 master nodes or single-node setups. + +### Set up Redis Server <a id="set-up-redis-server"></a> + +A Redis server from version 6.2 is required. + +!!! info + + This guide sets up the `icingadb-redis` package provided by Icinga, + which ships a current Redis Server version and is preconfigured for the Icinga DB components. + Using own Redis server setups is supported as long as the version requirements are met. + + + +!!! tip + + Although the Redis server can run anywhere in an Icinga environment, + we recommend to install it where the corresponding Icinga 2 node is running to + keep latency between the components low. + +#### Install Icinga DB Redis Package <a id="install-icinga-db-redis-package"></a> + +Use your distribution's package manager to install the `icingadb-redis` package as follows: + +<!-- {% if amazon_linux %} --> +<!-- {% if not icingaDocs %} --> +##### Amazon Linux 2 +<!-- {% endif %} --> +```bash +yum install icingadb-redis +``` +<!-- {% endif %} --> + +<!-- {% if centos %} --> +<!-- {% if not icingaDocs %} --> +##### CentOS +<!-- {% endif %} --> + +!!! info + + Note that installing Icinga DB Redis is only supported on CentOS 7 as CentOS 8 is EOL. + +```bash +yum install icingadb-redis +``` +<!-- {% endif %} --> + +<!-- {% if debian or ubuntu %} --> +<!-- {% if not icingaDocs %} --> +##### Debian / Ubuntu +<!-- {% endif %} --> +```bash +apt-get install icingadb-redis +``` +<!-- {% endif %} --> + +<!-- {% if rhel %} --> +##### RHEL 8 or Later + +```bash +dnf install icingadb-redis +``` + +##### RHEL 7 + +```bash +yum install icingadb-redis +``` +<!-- {% endif %} --> + +<!-- {% if sles %} --> +<!-- {% if not icingaDocs %} --> +##### SLES +<!-- {% endif %} --> +```bash +zypper install icingadb-redis +``` +<!-- {% endif %} --> + +#### Run Icinga DB Redis <a id="run-icinga-db-redis"></a> + +The `icingadb-redis` package automatically installs the necessary systemd unit files to run Icinga DB Redis. +Please run the following command to enable and start its service: + +```bash +systemctl enable --now icingadb-redis +``` + +#### Enable Remote Redis Connections <a id="enable-remote-redis-connections"></a> + +By default, `icingadb-redis` only listens on `127.0.0.1`. If Icinga Web or Icinga 2 is running on another node, +remote access to the Redis server must be allowed. This requires the following directives to be set in +the `/etc/icingadb-redis/icingadb-redis.conf` configuration file: + +* Set `protected-mode` to `no`, i.e. `protected-mode no` +* Set `bind` to the desired binding interface or bind all interfaces, e.g. `bind 0.0.0.0` + +!!! warning + + By default, Redis has no authentication preventing others from accessing it. + When opening Redis to an external interface, make sure to set a password, set up appropriate firewall rules, + or configure TLS with certificate authentication on Redis and its consumers, + i.e. Icinga 2, Icinga DB and Icinga Web. + +Restart Icinga DB Redis for these changes to take effect: + +```bash +systemctl restart icingadb-redis +``` + +### Enable Icinga DB Feature <a id="enable-icinga-db-feature"></a> + +With the [Icinga DB feature](14-features.md#icinga-db) enabled, +Icinga 2 publishes all of its monitoring data to the Redis server. This includes configuration and +its runtime updates via the Icinga 2 API, check results, state changes, downtimes, acknowledgments, notifications and +other events such as flapping. + + + +Icinga 2 installs the feature configuration file to `/etc/icinga2/features-available/icingadb.conf`, +pre-configured for a local setup. +Update this file in case Redis is running on a different host or to set credentials. +All available settings are explained in the [Icinga DB object](09-object-types.md#icingadb) chapter. + +!!! important + + For single-node and high-availability setups, please read the note about the + [environment ID](https://icinga.com/docs/icinga-db/latest/doc/05-Distributed-Setups/#environment-id), + which is common to all Icinga DB components and generated by the Icinga DB feature. + +To enable the `icingadb` feature use the following command: + +```bash +icinga2 feature enable icingadb +``` + +Restart Icinga 2 for these changes to take effect: + +```bash +systemctl restart icinga2 +``` + +### Install Icinga DB Daemon <a id="install-icinga-db-daemon"></a> + +After installing Icinga 2, setting up a Redis server and enabling the `icingadb` feature, +the Icinga DB daemon that synchronizes monitoring data between the Redis server and a database is now set up. + + + +!!! tip + + Although the Icinga DB daemon can run anywhere in an Icinga environment, + we recommend to install it where the corresponding Icinga 2 node and Redis server is running to + keep latency between the components low. + +The Icinga DB daemon package is also included in the Icinga repository, and since it is already set up, +you have completed the instructions here and can proceed to +<!-- {% if amazon_linux %} --> +[install the Icinga DB daemon on Amazon Linux](https://icinga.com/docs/icinga-db/latest/doc/02-Installation/01-Amazon-Linux/#installing-icinga-db-package), +<!-- {% endif %} --> +<!-- {% if centos %} --> +[install the Icinga DB daemon on CentOS](https://icinga.com/docs/icinga-db/latest/doc/02-Installation/02-CentOS/#installing-icinga-db-package), +<!-- {% endif %} --> +<!-- {% if debian %} --> +[install the Icinga DB daemon on Debian](https://icinga.com/docs/icinga-db/latest/doc/02-Installation/03-Debian/#installing-icinga-db-package), +<!-- {% endif %} --> +<!-- {% if rhel %} --> +[install the Icinga DB daemon on RHEL](https://icinga.com/docs/icinga-db/latest/doc/02-Installation/04-RHEL/#installing-icinga-db-package), +<!-- {% endif %} --> +<!-- {% if sles %} --> +[install the Icinga DB daemon on SLES](https://icinga.com/docs/icinga-db/latest/doc/02-Installation/05-SLES/#installing-icinga-db-package), +<!-- {% endif %} --> +<!-- {% if ubuntu %} --> +[install the Icinga DB daemon on Ubuntu](https://icinga.com/docs/icinga-db/latest/doc/02-Installation/06-Ubuntu/#installing-icinga-db-package), +<!-- {% endif %} --> +which will also guide you through the setup of the database and Icinga DB Web. +<!-- {% endif %} --> + +## Backup <a id="install-backup"></a> + +Ensure to include the following in your backups: + +* Configuration files in `/etc/icinga2` +* Certificate files in `/var/lib/icinga2/ca` (Master CA key pair) and `/var/lib/icinga2/certs` (node certificates) +* Runtime files in `/var/lib/icinga2` +<!-- {% endif %} --><!-- {# end windows else #} --> +<!-- {% endif %} --><!-- {# end index else #} --> |